Selecting and Applying Indicators for Transport Project Appraisal Dr Greg Marsden...
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Transcript of Selecting and Applying Indicators for Transport Project Appraisal Dr Greg Marsden...
Outline
• Project Appraisal
• Limitations with current approach
• New indicators
• Next steps
Project Appraisal
• “Appraisal is the process of checking that value for money is achieved in delivering Government aims” (UK DfT)
• “to help design and select projects that contribute to the welfare of a country” (World Bank)
• “to develop sound and objective information necessary for informed decision making” (FTA)
Project Appraisal
• Transport appraisal
• UK - Required for all schemes > $9.6M
Current Situation
Do Nothing Option A Option B
-50 -40 -30
Project Appraisal
• Environment– 10 sub-objectives (local air quality, noise, greenhouse gases,
biodiversity, heritage…)
• Economy– 5 sub-objectives (VfM, consumer and producer benefits…)
• Safety– 2 sub-objectives (accidents, security)
• Accessibility– 3 sub-objectives (options, severance, physical)
• Integration– 3 sub-objectives (interchange, land-use, other policies)
Strategic Environmental Assessment
• Since July 2004 (parallel to EIS)• Applies to plans and programmes• Only requires environmental assessment• Process
– Baseline, problems, indicators, alternatives…• Report on
– positive / negative– scale– magnitude– time scale– frequency– duration, – direct/indirect– cumulative
Limitations
• Appraisal hides absolute impacts• Limit guidelines ignored• Cumulative effects ignored• Long-term impacts ‘discounted’• Many aspects of sustainability ignored
– 12 indicators reported– 3 indicators strongly related– 24 indicators not considered
Limitations
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Use in benchmarking
Use in target setting
Year-on-year improvement
Consistency (transport and planning)
Consistency (transport and SD)
Consistency (LTP)
Cost effective
Understood by politicians
Understood by public
Easy to Measure
Public's experience
% Respondents
Very satisfied Fairly satisfied Not very satisfied Not at all satisfied Don't know/equiv.
Limitations
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Accessibility
Air Quality
Noise
CO2
Congestion
Distributional
Health
PT user satisfaction
Street environment
Road safety
Townscape
Traffic levels
PT patronage
Cycle use
Walking
% Respondents
XX
X
X
X
X
Selection
• Good measures of sustainable outcomes– Total CO2, CO2/capita, CO2/trip
• Capable of measurement– estimation/forecast
• Sensitive to spatial change– e.g. air quality levels vs. toxic emissions
• Capture distributional impacts
• Understandable/rational
Application
• Importance of a core common approach– National guidance
• Outcome indicators are vital– Avoid specifying solutions– Allows for more consistent benchmarking
• Supported by meaningful process (output) indicators
• Absolute and relative changes• Importance of changes
