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SELECTED BONES OF THE BODYI. Skull - composed of the cranium and the facial bonesA. FRONTAL-1. coronal suture- joint between frontal and parietal bonesB. PARIETAL - top of head bones (2)

1. sagittal suture- Suture between the parietal bones (along the sagittal plane)C. OCCIPITAL- back of head bone1. occipital condyle - rocker-like projection for the first vertebrae2. foramen magnum - large hole, allows the spinal cord to pass through3. Lambdoidal suture - where occipital meets parietal

D. TEMPORAL- temple bones (2) (part of cheek)1. styloid process - sharp process, attachment of muscles of tongue and neck2. zygomatic arch - thin bridge to the cheek bone (zygomatic)3. external acoustic meatus - canal from the ear drum to the middle ear 4. mastoid process - attachment for some neck muscles

7. mandibular fossa- temporomandibular joint

E. SPHENOID-1. Body (sinus) - main portion of the bone (sinuses are contained inside)2. sella turcica - notch on the upper surface where the pituitary gland sits.3. Optic foramen - Opening on the medial part of the eye socket.Normally contains the optic nerve.

F. ETHMOID1. Crista galli (cock's comb) - attachment for outer brain coverings)2. cribriform plate - provides passage for the olfactory nerves

G. NASAL- forms bridge of the noseH. LACRIMAL- form nose side part of eye sockets, have a groove for the tear ducts1. lacrimal fossa - depression that holds the lacrimal sac (helps tear ducts pass)

I. ZYGOMATIC BONE (CHEEK BONE) forms outer part of the eye socketzygomatic bone plus the zygomatic process of the temporal bone forms thezygomatic archJ. MAXILLA- forms the upper jaw bone1. alveolar process - where tooth sockets are locatedPAGE 3

K. PALATINE (hard palate) (horizontal plate)- forms the back part of the hardpalateL. VOMER - single bone in the midline of the nasal cavity(forms lower portion of the nasal septum)M. MANDIBLE (lower jaw)2. condyle - articulates jaw with temporal bone- temporomandibular joint3. body - lower horizontal portion

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B. SCAPULA (shoulder blade)1. coracoid process - top of shoulder, attachment of muscles2. glenoid fossa - shallow socket for head of humerus (forms shoulder joint)3. spine - ridge-like protrusion from the back of the scapula (lower end)4. acromion process - ridge-like protrusion from the back of the scapula (upper 

end), connects with the clavicle

VI. UPPER APPENDAGEA. HUMERUS- only bone of the upper arm1. Front- head inside and deep depression on the back2. head - articulates with scapula3. surgical neck - constricted portion below the tubercles4. greater tubercle - site of muscle attachment5. medial and lateral epicondyle - site of attachment of most forearm muscles6. trochlea (spool) - distal end, articulate with ulna7. capitulum - the lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a

smooth, rounded eminence8. olecranon fossa- depression on the posterior portion of the distal end(fits end of ulna when arm extended)9. coronoid fossa- depression on the anterior portion of the distal end(fits end of ulna when arm flexed)

B. ULNA - little finger-side bone of the forearm1. front- semilunar notch facing forward and radial notch on outside (supine)2. coronoid process - front of elbow, articulates with humerus3. olecranon process - back of elbow, articulate with the humerus4. trochlear notch (semilunar notch)- notch that separates the processes

5. radial notch - notch in the side that articulates with the head of the radius(proximal)6. styloid process - distal, posterior, provides attachment for wrist ligaments7. head - small round distal end

C. RADIUS- thumb-side bone of the forearm (radius rotates)1. front - styloid process toward thumb2. head - disk shaped head on the proximal end3. radial tuberosity - attachment of biceps4. styloid process- attachment of hand ligaments (on end opposite the head)

VII. WRIST AND HANDA. CARPALS- (Wrist) - 8 bones (2 irregular rows of 4 each)B. METACARPALS- bones of the palm (5)C. PHALANGES - bones of the fingers (3 each except for thumb (2))(singular: phalanx)1. proximal, middle, distal2. thumb, index, middle, ring, littleVIII. PELVIS (PELVIC GIRDLE) - consists of 2 Os coxae (hipbones) attached to

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sacrumA. ILEUM - makes up majority of the hip (top)1. Sacroiliac joint - joint between the ileum bones and the sacrum2. iliac crest - upper edge of ileum3. iliac spines - superior projections on the anterior and posterior portions

(ends of iliac crest) must know the difference between the anterior andposterior superior spinesB. ISCHIUM- sit-down bone - down and back1. ischial spine - narrows outlet of pelvis (delivery) also ligament attachment.2. greater sciatic notch - allows blood vessels and sciatic nerve to passposterior 3. ischial tuberosity - Posterior projection (part you sit on)C. PUBIS - front of the pelvic girdle1. symphysis pubis - joint where the 2 ileum join in the front of the pelvic girdle2. acetabulum - socket for head of femur formed by ileum, ischium, pubis3. obturator foramen - opening to allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to

frontof thigh4. true pelvis - measured across the bottom outlet of the pelvis5. false pelvis - measured across the top of the iliac crest

IX. LOWER APPENDAGEA. FEMUR (thigh bone)1. front- head inside and condyles to back2. head - ball-like projection that fits into the acetabulum (forms hip joint)3. neck - narrowing below the head4. greater trochanter - large protrusion lateral to the head (muscle attachment)

5. lesser trochanter - smaller protrusion medial to the head (muscle attachment)6. lateral and medial epicondyles - outside condyles, muscle attachment7. patellar surface - smooth surface on the front that articulates with the patella8. lateral and medial condyles - articulate with Tibia and Fibula

B. PATELLA (knee cap) - triangular C. TIBIA (shin bone)1. front- sharp edge forward and medial malleus inside2. medial and lateral condyles - articulate with femur 3. tubercle - attaches kneecap4. medial malleus- inner bulge of ankle, articulates with talusD. FIBULA1. head - proximal end2. lateral malleolus - forms the outer bulge of ankleX. FOOTA. TARSALS (7) - bones of ankleB. CALCANEUS - bone that forms the heelC. TALUS - bone that forms the top of the ankle (articulates with the tibia andFibula)

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D. METATARSALS (5) bones of footE. PHALANGES (14) toes1. proximal, middle, distal

I. Terms

A. PROJECTIONScrest - narrow ridge, often on the long border of a bone. ex) Iliac crestSpine- Sharp, elongated projection. ex) Spine of scapula and of a vertebraprocess - prominent projection on a boneTubercle- Small, roughly-rounded projection. ex) Tubercles of humerusTuberosity- medium, roughly rounded, elevated projection. ex) Ischial tuberositytrochanter - very large, irregular shaped process. ex) Trochanters of femur facet- Small, flat surface. ex) Head and tubercle of ribsTrochlea- Grooved surface serving as a pulley. ex) Trochlea of humerusMalleolus- Hammer-shaped, ended process. ex) Malleus of tibia and fibulacondyle- Rounded, knuckle-shaped projection; concave or convex. ex) Condyles

of femur epicondyle - raised area of a condyle. ex) Epicondyles of humerushead- Expanded, rounded surface; often joined to shaft by a narrowed neck andbearing the ball of a ball-and-socket joint. ex) Head of femur, humerusB. DEPRESSIONSfissure - narrow slit like opening. ex) Superior orbital fissureforamen- Natural opening into or through a bone. ex) Foramen magnumfossa- Shallow depressed area. ex) Fossa of scapula, mandibular fossacanal- Relatively narrow tubular channel, opening to a passagewayex) Hypoglossal canal, carotid canal external auditory meatusgroove or sulcus- Deep furrow on the surface of a bone or other structure.

Ex) Intertubercular and radial groove of humerusnotch- Deep indentation, especially an the border of a bone. ex) Trochlear notchof ulnasinuses - depressions filled with air and lined with mucous membranes