Selected Bibliography

Arkin, William, 'El Tratado de Tlatelolco, las armas nucleares y Puerto Rico, Informe a Ia Comisi6n Especial para Ia Amenaza de Armas Nucleares del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico', en Puerto Rico ante la guerra nuclear, Dossier No.5, Proyecto Caribeiio de Justicia y Paz, Rio Piedras, 1985, pp. 6--16.

Atkins, G. Pope, Arms and Politics in the Dominican Republic, (Boulder, Westview Press, 1981).

Baptiste, Fitzroy, 'The British grant of air and naval bases facilities to the United States in Trinidad, St Lucia and Bermuda in 1939 (June-Decem­ber)', Caribbean Studies, 16, July 1976, pp. 5-43.

Barnet, Richard J., Intervention and Revolution, (New York, Macmillan, 1980).

Bender, Lynn Darrell, 'Guantanamo: its political, military and legal status', Caribbean Quarterly, 19, March 1973, pp. 80--86.

Black, George, 'Mare Nostrum: US security policy in the English-speaking Caribbean', NACLA, 19, July-August 1985, pp. 13-48.

Bloch, Jonathan and Pat Fitzsimons, 'The Eastern Caribbean "Coast Guard"', Covert Action Information Bulletin, 11, December, 1980, pp. 22-3.

Brana-Shute, Gary, 'Politicians in uniform: Surinam's bedeviled revolution', Caribbean Review, Spring 1981, pp. 24-7, 49-50.

Bryan, Anthony, ed., Caribbean Regionalism: Challenges and Options, Institute for International Relations, University of the West Indies, Trini­dad and Tobago, 1987.

Bryan, Anthony T., J. Edward Greene and Timothy M. Shaw, eds. Peace, Development and Security in the Caribbean: Perspectives to the Year 2000, Macmillan, London, 1990.

Burbach, Roger and Flynn (eds), The Politics of Intervention: the United States in Central America, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1984.

Burkhalter, Hollis and Alita Paine, 'Our overseas cops' The Nation (24 September 1985), p. 197.

Campbell, Horace, 'Crime and violence in Jamaica', Caribbean Issues (April 1976), pp. 22-4.

Carrion, Juan Manuel, 'Origenes de Ia Guardia Nacional de Puerto Rico', Revista de Historia, 1, 2, (July-Dec., 1985), pp. 222-7.

CINCLANT, 'Operation Urgent Fury Report, Oct. 25- Nov. 2, 1983', Atlantic Command, Norfolk, Virginia, 6 February, 1984.

Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico, 'Informe de Ia Comisi6n Especial sobre Armamentos Nucleares y el Tratado para Ia Proscripci6n de las Armas Nucleares en Ia America Latina', Colegio de Abogados, San Juan, 17 August 1984.

Cruz, Paulina, Puerto Rico in the Invasion of Grenada: A Threat to the Sovereignty of the Caribbean and Central American Countries, Dossier No. 12, Proyecto Caribeiio de Justicia y Paz, Rio Piedras, 1984.

Danns, George K., Domination and Power in Guyana: A Study of the Police

284

Timothy M. Shaw with E. John Inegbedion 285

in a Third World Context, (New Brunswick, Transaction Books, 1982). Davila Col6n, Luis, 'The Blood Tax: The Puerto Rican Contribution to the

United States War Efforts', Revista del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico, November, 1979, pp. 603--39.

Diedrich, Bernard, 'The end of West Indian innocence: arming the police', Caribbean Review, Spring, 1984, pp. 1(}.-12.

Edwards, S. Hylton, Lengthening Shadows: Birth and Revolt of the Trinidad Army (Imprint Caribbean Ltd., Port-of-Spain, 1982).

Enders, John, La presencia militar norteamericana en Puerto Rico, Serie Militarismo 1, Proyecto Caribeno de Justicia y Paz, Rio Piedras, 1980.

Erisman, H. Michael (ed.), The Caribbean Challenge, US Policy in a Volatile Region, (Boulder, Westview Press, 1984).

Erisman, H. Michael and John D. Martz, Colossus Challenged: The Struggle for Caribbean Influence, (Boulder, Westview Press, 1982).

Estades, Maria Eugenia, La presencia militar de Estados Unidos en Puerto Rico 1898-1918: Intereses estrategicos y dominaci6n colonial, Huracan, Rio Piedras, 1988.

Fannelli, Joseph, The Coast Guard in the Caribbean Basin: A Role for the '80's (US Southcom, Panama, 1981).

Fauriol, Georges, 'Puerto Rico and the United States: understanding the foundations of a strategic relationship' (Final Report and Executive Sum­mary), Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown Uni­versity, Washington, 8 April 1985.

Fesmire, John A., 'United States military command relationships in Latin America: could they be better?', Individual Study Project, US Army War College, 6 May 1982.

Garcia Muniz, Humberto, Boots, Boots, Boots: Intervention, Regional Se­curity and Militarization in the Caribbean, Serie Militarismo 2, Proyecto Caribeno de Justicia y Paz, Rfo Piedras, 1986.

Garcia Muniz, Humberto, La estrategia de Estados Unidos y la militarizaci6n del Caribe, Instituto de Estudios del Caribe, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 1988.

Gill, Henry, 'The foreign policy of the Grenada Revolution', Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs (Barbados), 7, 1981-1982, pp. 1-5.

Gleijeses, Piero, La Crisis Dominicana, FCE, Mejico, 1985. Goldwert, Martin, The Constabulary in the Dominican Republic and Nica­

ragua: Progeny and Legacy of the United States Intervention (University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Fla., 1962).

Gonzalez, Edward, A Strategy for Dealing with Cuba in the 1980s, Rand Corp., Santa M6nica, 1982.

Gonzalez, Edward, 'The Cuban and Soviet Challenge in the Caribbean Basin', Orbis (Spring, 1985), pp. 73--94.

Gorman, Paul F. (General, USA), 'US Southern Command: sentinel of US interest in Latin America', Defense, No. 84, November-December, 1984, pp. 17-23.

Great Britain, Colonial Office, Report of the Chaguaramas Commission, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1958. (Colonial No. 338).

HQ, US Forces Caribbean, 'The Caribbean Regional Coast Guard', DISAM Newsletter, Fall 1985, pp. 53-59.

286 Selected Bibliography

Irvin, George and Xavier Gorostiaga (eds), Towards an Alternative for Central America and the Caribbean (London, George Allen & Unwin, 1985).

Jaramillo, Isabel, 'La estrategia intervencionista estadounidense hacia el Medio Oriente y Ia Cuenca del Caribe', Cuadernos de Nuestra America, Vol. 1, No.1 (January-July, 1984), pp. 78-106.

Kennedy, R., C. Wallis, G. Marcella, et al., The Role of the U.S. Military in the Caribbean Basin (Final Report), Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa., 1981.

Lacey, Terry, Violence and Politics in Jamaica, 1960-1970, Internal Security in a Developing Country, (London, Frank Cass & Co.), 1977.

Leis, Raul, 'El Comando Sur: poder hostil', Nueva Sociedad (enero-febrero 1986), pp. 77-88.

Lewis, Gary, 'Prospects for a Regional Security System in the Eastern Caribbean', Millenium: Journal of International Studies, No. 15 (1986), pp. 73-90.

Lewis, Sybil Farrell and Dale T. Mathews, comps., 'Documents on the invasion of Grenada', Caribbean Monthly Bulletin, Supplement No. 1, October 1983.

Louis, William Roger, Imperialism at Bay: the United States and the De­colonization of the British Empire, 1914--1945 (New York, Oxford Univer­sity Press, 1978).

Lynch, Edward, 'Moscow eyes the Caribbean', The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, No. 284 (August 17, 1983), pp. 1-11.

Martin, Gary D., 'The United States Armed Services and the Puerto Rican economy: a quantitative appraisal', Puerto Rico Business Review, No. 9 (August 1984), pp. 3-12.

Mesa Lago, Carmelo and June Belkin, (eds), Cuba in Africa (University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 1982).

Milton, T. R. (General USAF, Ret.), 'Are we being outflanked in the Caribbean?', Air Force Magazine (February 1982). Reprinted in the Jamaica Daily News, 4 April1982.

Morris, CurtisS. (Lt Col. USAF), The United States-Caribbean Connection: A Perspective on Regional Military-to-Military Relationships, The Center for Hemispheric Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Foreign Policy Research, Washington, August, 1983.

Myers, David J., Venezuela's Pursuit of Caribbean Basin Interests: Impli­cations for United States National Security, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, 1985.

Post, Ken, Strike the Iron: A Colony at War, 1939-1945, 2 vols, Institute of Social Studies (The Hague) (Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1981).

Preston, Richard A., 'Caribbean defence and security: a study of the im­plementation of Canada's "special relationship" with the Commonwealth West Indies', South Atlantic Quarterly, No. 70 (Summer 1971), pp. 317-331.

Regional Security System Staff, 'The Role of the Regional Security System in the Eastern Caribbean', Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs, No. 11 (1986), pp. 5-7.

Rei ding, Alan and Reid Rei ding, eds., Confrontation in the Caribbean Basin

Selected Bibliography 287

(University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 1984). Rodriguez Beruff, Jorge, PoUtica military dominaci6n: Puerto Rico en el

contexto latinoamericano (Huracan, Rio Piedras, 1988). Ronfeldt, David, Geopolitics, Security and US Strategy in the Caribbean,

Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, 1983. Perkins, Whitney T., Constraint of Empire: The United States and Caribbean

Interventions (Clio Press, Oxford, 1981). Schulz, Donald E. and Douglas H. Graham, (eds), Revolution and Counter­

revolution in Central America and the Caribbean (Boulder, Westview Press, 1984).

Serbin, Andres, El Caribe ;,zona de paz?, geopolitica, integraci6n y seguri­dad, Nueva Sociedad, Caracas, 1989.

Seiser, Gregorio, 'Las bases de E.U. en Panama: el destino del Comando del Sur y de Ia Escuela de las Americas', Nueva Sociedad, No. 63 (November­December, 1982), pp. 57-74.

Simmons, David, 'Militarization of the Caribbean: Concerns for National and Regional Security', International Journal, No. 40 (Spring, 1985), pp. 348--76.

Stodder, Joseph and Kevin McCarthy, Profiles of the Caribbean basin in 1960-1980: Changing Political and Geostrategic Dimensions, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, 1983.

Tiryakian, Josefina, 'The military and security dimension of US Caribbean Policy', in H. Michael Erisman ( ed.), The Caribbean Challenge: US Policy in a Volatile Region, (Boulder, Westview Press, 1984).

Thomas, Clive, 'The Grenadian Crisis and the Caribbean Left', IDS Bulletin, 16, 2, April, 1985.

US Congressional Research Service, comp. Should the United States be prohibited from military intervention in the Western Hemisphere?, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982.

US General Accounting Office, Assessment of factors affecting the availability of US oil supplies from the Caribbean, GAO/NSIAD-85-127, 13 Septem­ber 1985.

US House of Representatives, US military actions in Grenada: implications for US policy in the Eastern Caribbean. Hearing before the Sub­Committees of International Security and Scientific Affairs and on West­ern Hemisphere Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, November 2, 3 and 16, 1983, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1984.

Young, Alma H. and Dion E. Phillips, Militarization in the No.'l-Hisprmic Caribbean, (Boulder, Lynn Rienner Publishers, 1986).

Index

Adams, Tom 129, 152, 158-60, 163--4 Adeniran, 'Tunde 267 Africa: Economic Committee

for Africa 278; FRELIMO 271; Lagos Plan of Action 276; MPLA 271; nationalism 6; penetration by Europe 261-2; relevance for Caribbean 274-5; SW APO 271; ZANU 271

AIFLD (American Institute for Free Labour Development) 49

Ake, Claude 264, 277 Allende, Salvador 12, 239 n. 9 Ambursley, Fitzroy 6 Americas Watch (report on

Jamaica) 128 Amin, Samir 4, 5, 18, 268 Angola: civil war 272-3; freedom

fighters 273; relations with Cuba 76 n. 34, 195, 205, 273

Anguilla: French invasions 175; invasion of St Kitts 176-9; relations with Great Britain 180-5; revolt 176-7

Antigua and Barbuda 147, 257 Arbenz, Jacobo 12 Arias Peace Plan 56 Arias, Oscar 17 Ate, Bassey E. 279, 280

Bahamas 14, 31 Balaguer, Joaquin 84, 96-102, 105

n. 19, 200 Banfield, Leonard 161 Barbados Defense Force: assistance to

other islands 247; creation 135 n. 3, 146; Lewis, Rudyard 156, 172 n. 34; and the RSS 147, 162, 167-9; Women's Army Corps 153

Barbados: Barbados Battalion 149-50; Barbados Labour Party 152, 159; Barbados Regiment 149-51; Barbados Volunteer Force 149, 153; Burnett-Alleyne, Sydney 247; Bussa rebellion 148; Caribbean Airways 155; and Carter administration 158, 165, 172 n. 42; Coast Guard 155, 163; conference on Anguilla 180-2;

Democratic Labour Party 151-2; drug industry 14; St John, Bernard 154, 158, 160

Barbuda see Antigua and Barbuda Barnes, K. (Col.) 128 Barnet, Richard 253, 254, 255 Barrow, Errol 14, 151, 154, 158-60 Batista, Fulgencio 105 n. 17 Belize: aid 35; Anglo-Guatemala

dispute 7, 8, 243; defence force 146-7; nationalist movement 7

Bender, G. J., Coleman, J. S. and Sklar, R. L. 260

Berlin, Treaty of (1884) 262 Bird, V. C. 256 Bishop, Maurice 232, 253 Black Power 6, 247 Blake, Vivian 244 Bosch, Juan 87-8, 102 n. 3, 103 n. 6,

105 n. 19 Bowdler, William G. 158 Bradshaw, Robert 176-90 British Labour Party 118-19 Burbach, Roger 254 Burgos, Lajara 85 Bush, George 29, 47, 103 n. 8, 195,

212-13 Bustamante, Sir Alexander 5, 6, 111,

113, 114, 136 n. 14, 137 n. 23

CADO (Central American Development Organization) 37

CADU (Central American Democratic Union) 55

CAl (Central American Initiative) 24, 31, 35-42

Calver, W. A. 148 Canada: relations with Jamaica 114,

115, 123--4, 131; role in training of Jamaican military 115

Caribbean Airways 154 Caribbean, English-speaking:

decolonisation 7; labour rebellions of 5; nationalism 6; participatory democracies 8; security forces 7

Caribbean Peacekeeping Force 128 Caribbean Security Forces 128, 142

n. 112

288

Index 289

CARIBCAN 229,238 Caribs 175 CARICOM 14, 18, 66, 131, 226-7:

community of 220; foreign policy of 75 n. 14; regional meetings 245-6, 255

CARIFfA 241 Carter administration: Agrarian Reform

Programme 49; and Barbados 158, 165, 172 n. 42; Carter-Torrijos Treaties 195-6, 199, 201; foreign policy of 43; Habib, Philip 187; Joint Caribbean Task Force 27; Nicaraguan revolution 209

Castells, Manuel 252 Castro, Fidel 62, 71, 77 n. 40, n. 46,

103 n. 8, 105 n. 17, 118 Cayman Islands 31 CBERA (Carribean Basin Economic

Recovery Act) 31, 33 CBI (Caribbean Basin Initiative) 24,

31, 33-42, 63-5, 227: balance of political-military forces in 202-3; military forces in Caribbean basin 198

CDCC (Caribbean Development and Co-operation Committee) 226, 228

CDU (Caribbean Democratic Union) 55, 131, 144 n. 129, 191

CGCED (CA Group for Co-operation and Economic Development) 227

Chad 272-4 Charles, Eugenia 189, 191, 240 n. 14,

247 Chile 12, 24, 50 CIA 10, 12, 48 Colombia 13 Comblin, Joseph 91-2 Communism 22, 23, 28, 29:

anti-communism 88, 98, 103 n. 7, n. 8, 105 n. 17, 113, 145 n. 145, 173 n. 49; Jamaican arms trade with communist state 141 n. 79

CONDECA (Central American Defense Council) 27

Contadora group 45, 56, 194 Contras 29, 54, 198-9, 210-11, 213 Copson, Raymond 275 Costa Rica 17, 35 Counter-insurgency: by Israel in

Caribbean 11; in Dominican Republic 89-91; US strategy 28-9

Cromwell, Oliver 148 Cuba: Angola, presence in 76 n. 34,

138 n. 40, 173 n. 49, 205, 273; Brigadistas 123; Communist Party 68; Dominican Republic, offer of help from 94; FAR (Revolutionary Armed Forces) 71; 'Finlandisation' of 27, 56; foreign policy of 67-8, 208; Guantanamo Bay 113, 130; Jamaican military personnel, training of 124, 141 n. 78; LANTCOM 203; militarisation of 198, 204-8; military equipment 207; MMT (Territorial Troops Militia) 71, 204, 206; national budget 72; Nicaragua, links with 208; relations with Soviet Union 68; Risquet, Jorge 76 n. 34; Soviet base 85

Cuban revolution 67, 117, 243

D'Aubisson, Roberto 47, 48 Demas, William 222, 226 Dominica: Charles, Eugenia 189, 191,

240 n. 14, 247; 'Dreads Act' 247; John, Patrick 247

Dominican Republic Armed Forces: counter-insurgency 86-90; entry to 106 n. 21; military rank 106 n. 20; professionalisation 84-9, 106 n. 24; training of 82-6

Dominican Republic: Agrarian Reform Institute 97; Balaguer, Joaquin 84, 96-102, 105 n. 19, 200; Blanco, Salvador Jorge 101-2, 106 n. 23; CLP (Popular Struggle Committee) 91; comparison with Grenada invasion 50, 51; Democratic Anti-Communist and Anti-Terrorist Front 83; Defi6, Caamafio 87; Dominguez, Rafael Fermindez 87; Hurricane David 94; MAAG (Military Aid and Advisory Group) 82; military intervention by the United States 82, 84, 243; National Army 105 n. 18; National Co-ordinating Committee of Popular Organizations 91; National Counter-Insurgency Plan 90; Neit Nivar Seijas Group 87, 97; PRD (Partido

290 Index

Dominican Republic cont. Revolucionario Dominicano) 99--102; Reform Party 96, 97, 99; San Cristobal Group 87, 97; San Isidro Military Base 83; Seijas, Neit Nivar 87, 103 n. 9; soldiers 127; Trujillo, Rafael Leonidas 86, 87, 95, 98-9, 104 n. 11, n. 16, 105 n. 19; Wessin y Wessin, Elias 87, 97

Douglas, A. (Maj.) 128 Drug trafficking 13-14, 143 n. 107, 214

n. 9, 249--50 Duarte, Jose Napoleon 48, 50 Duncan Neville 14 Duvalier dictatorship 11, 12, 55

ECCM 241 ECLAC 228 El Salvador: ARENA (Alianza

Republicana Nacionalista) 47; counter-insurgency 11; D'Aubisson, Roberto 47, 48; Duarte, Jose Napoleon 48, 50; electoral processes 45; FMLN 28; Grenada, position on 50; human rights 44; Magana, Alvaro 47; PCN (Partido de Conciliacion) 47; PDC (Partido Democrata Cristiano) 47, 49; Popular Democratic Unity 49; and Reagan administration 27, 46-50; redemocratisation 15

Escuela de las Americas see Military School of the Americas

Esnambac, Belain D. 175 Ethiopia 272: Eritrean People's

Liberation Front 273

Fairchild, David 82 Federal West India Regiment 113, 114 Federation of the West Indies 111, 113 Figueroa, Mark 140 n. 61, n. 64 Firfer, Alexander 82 Fisher, Roger 182 FMLN (Frente Farabundo Marti de

Liberaci6n Nacional) 28

Gavshon, Arthur 261 Gleaner, The Daily 132 Gonzalez, Edward 222 Gorostiaga, Zabier 222 Great Britain: as arms supplier 123,

137 n. 34; and Barbados 147-8; British Labour Party 118-19;

Home, Sir Alexander Douglas 151; independence of Caribbean states 242; and Jamaican independence 111, 112; lease of Caribbean territories 135 n. 5; police training 124, 131; Sandhurst 114, 120, 162-3; St Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla 180

Grenada: Alexis, Francis 51, 52; Blaize, Herbert 51; Brizan, George 51, 52; Cuban/Soviet links 248-9; Gairy, Eric 51, 52; Grenada Democratic Movement 51, 52; Grenada National Party 51, 52; GULP 51, 52; invasion 27, 28, 33, 44-5, 62, 65, 67, 128, 147, 164-5, 219, 253; and Jamaica 124, 141 n. 80; Kendrick, Radix 51; LANTCOM 130; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement 51, 52; National Democratic Congress 52; New Democratic Movement 51; New Jewel Movement 52, 127, 129; New National Party 52; PRG (People's Revolutionary Government) 50, 147; Radio Free Grenada 51; SCMFA meeting 229--30; Scoon, Paul 51; security forces 16; revolution 43; US intervention in 50-2; Whyte, Winston 51

Guatemala: Anglo--Guatemalan dispute 7, 8; Arbenz, Jacobo 12; Belize-Guatemala dispute 243; Esquipulas II Peace Treaty 211; and Israel 11; and US 44

Guevara, Che 204 Guyana: Burnham, Forbes 173 n. 49;

Co-operative Society 42; defence force 111, 146-7, 151, 171 n. 12; Guyana-Venezuela border dispute 243; Hoyte, Desmond 55; intervention by US 243; Jagan, Cheddi 173; leftist activity 8, 173 n. 49

Guzman, Antonio 84, 243

Haig, Alexander 25, 44, 67 Haiti: drug traffic 13; Duvalier, Jean

Claude 11, 12, 55; and Israel 11; national borders 93; Paul, Jean-Claude 13; plan for US military base 94; and Reagan administration 53

Index 291

Handel, Michael 112 Hansen, Emmanuel 259, 260, 279-8 Henderson, Jeffrey 252 Henderson, Robert 266 Holland 243 Home, Sir Alexander Douglas 151 Honduras: drug trafficking 13;

militarisation of 199-200; US military base 27, 45, 55

Hoyte, Desmond 55 Huggins, Martha 10, 11 Hurricane David 94 Hurricane Gilbert 130, 133 Hurricane Janet 150

Ideological pluralism 191-2, 232, 245-6 Ikle, Fred C. 9 IMET (International Military Education

and Training) 127, 131, 164 IMF 6, 64, 90, 119, 131 Ince, Mark 112 Iran 43; Shah Reza Pahlavi 44 Israel 11, 50, 125

Jackson Plan 31 Jamaica: Bustamante, Alexander 5, 6,

111, 113, 114, 136 n. 14, 137 n. 23; and Canada 114, 115, 123-4, 131; capitalist class 112; Charles, Pearnel 139 n. 52; Claudius Henry Rebellion 114, 136 n. 21; and Cuba 118, 123-5, 138 n. 40, 195, 243-4; drug traffic 14; elections- 1980 122, - 1983 133; and Grenada 124-5, 128; Home Guard 119-20; JCF (Jamaica Constabulary Force) 113-17, 119-25, 136 n. 20, 145 n. 138; JLP (Jamaica Labour Party) 5, 6, 10-11, 116-18, 120, 122-3, 132, 138 n. 44; leftist activity 8; Manley, Michael 6, 33, 118, 125, 133, 138 n. 40; Manley, Norman Washington 6, 112, 243; Matalon, E., Munn, K. and Thompson, D. 120, 139 n. 51; Military Assistance Agreement 114; PNP (People's National Party) 43, 110-12, 116, 118-19, 122-3, 132; proxy for US 129, 133, 143 n. 112, 243-4; Rastafarians 6, 114, 191, 247; Seaga, Edward 14, 55, 125-6, 131-5, 144 n. 129, 200, 225; self-government 7; Up Park

Camp 113, 115, 117; WJP 145 n. 138

Jamaica Defence Force 113-35: Green, Rudolph (Lt Col.) 120; and Grenada invasion 28; Moneague Camp 130; Neish, Robert (Maj.-Gen.) 121, 132, 140 n. 60, n. 62; Smith, David (Brig.) 114, 136 n. 22; Women's Unit 139 n. 56

John, Patrick 247, 257

Karnow, S. 193 Kennedy administration 173 n. 49 KGB 13 Kirkpatrick, Jeane 29, 43, 44, 47, 48 Kissinger Commission 23, 24, 29 Kissinger Plan 31 Kissinger Report 29, 35, 40-1

LaGuerre, John 234 Lacey, Terry 117 Langdon, Steven 264 Laos 24 Lebanon 44-5, 62 Left-wing movements: in Jamaica 8; in

North America 56 n. 1; role in Caribbean 8

Legum, Colin 262-3 Lewis, Rudyard 158, 161 Lewis, Vaughan 219 Ligon, Richard 148

Magana, Alvaro 47, 60 n. 38, 61 n. 45 Mahan, Alfred 195 Maingot, Anthony 235 Manley regime 118-25 Manley, Michael 6, 33, 118, 125, 133,

138 n. 40 Manley, Norman Washington 6, 112,

243 Mars, Perry 8 Martin, Bartlow 95 Matalon, Eli 120, 139 n. 51 Mazrui, Ali 267, 280 McAuliffe, Dennis 84 McFarlane, Malcolm 120 McGregor, Mario lmbert 85 Medellin Cartel 13 Mexico: Mexican Armed Forces 199;

sphere of action 195; squatter settlements 18

Miles, Sara 9 militarisation 139 n. 58: of Caribbean

basin by US 65-6, 197-204;

292 Index

militarisation cont. different processes of 201; of Panama 199; of St Kitts and Nevis 186

Military School of the Americas 83, 92

Mitchell, James 256 Monroe Doctrine 25, 27, 187, 223--24 Morgan, K. S. 124 Mozambique 270 Munn, Keble 120, 139 n. 51 Museveni, Yoweri 274 Mytelka, Lynn 264

Namibia 273 Narin, Allan 48 NATO 63,67 Neish, Robert (Maj. Gen.) 121,

132-33 Nelson, Admiral Lord Horatio 175 Neo-Colonization in West Africa 268 Nevis see St Kitts and Nevis New International Economic Order 69 New Right 24-7, 44, 53 Nicaragua: Contras 29, 210-11; mining

of ports by US 44; and Noriega 13; revolution 43, 56; Sandinistas 28, 42, 54, 200, 208-11; Soviet axis 26; 'terrorism' 10; UNO (National Opposition Union) 29; US aggression against 45, 71

Nigeria 264-7: nuclear power 265-6 Non-alignment 67, 231-2 Non-Proliferation Treaty 267 Noriega, Manuel Antonio: and the

CIA 12-13; conflicts with the United States 55; and Medellin Cartel 13; and Somoza 44

North, Oliver 191 Nweke, G. Aforka 259, 260, 280

OAS (Organization of American States) 25, 115, 230

OAU (Organization of African Unity): character of 270-1; interventions 274

OECS (Organization of Eastern Caribbean States) 66, 128-29: and CARICOM 237; defence forces 147; formation of 242, 248; Grenada invasion 128; unification of 256-7

OPEC 24

Panama: aid 35; Carter-Torrijos Treaties 195-6, 199, 201; militarisation of 199; Noriega, Manuel Antonio 12, 13, 44, 55; Panama City 13; tax haven 31; Torrijos, Omar 12

Panama Canal 12, 62, 83, 92 Paul, Jean-Claude 13 Peace Corps see United States Pentagon 29, 84-5 Peru 12, 24 Petras, James 9, 10, 12, 15 Philippines 53 Pickle Report 41 Pindling, Lynden 14 PL 480 37 Post, Ken 5 Puerto Rican National Guard 94, 166 Puerto Rico 26, 27, 86, 89, 127

Ramsaran, Ramesh 224 Rastafarianism 6, 114, 191, 136 n. 21:

'Dreads Act' 247 Reagan administration: and

Barbados 172 n. 42; and Belize 14; and CAl 35, 37, 45; and Carter-Torrijos Treaties 201; and CBI 41; Commission of Santa Fe 23; elections in Caribbean basin 44-5; and El Salvador 45; foreign police training 10, 11; foreign policy of 45, 173 n. 42; and Grenada 173 n. 42; and Israel 11; Kissinger Commission 23, 29, 45, 58 n. 15; Kissinger Report 29, 35, 40-1; and Latin America 15, 26; National Endowment for Democracy 45; and Nicaraguan revolution 209; pro-American regimes 43; RSS (Regional Security System) 10, 27, 55, 129, 134, 147, 159, 162, 167, 168; security concerns 28, 30, 110

Reagan Doctrine 22, 209 Reaganomics 42 Redemocratisation 15-16 Reece, Sean 162 Rhodesia see Zimbabwe Richardson, W. C. 181 Rio Treaty 25 Rodney Riots 117 Rodney, Walter 116, 261 Ronfeldt, David 26-8 Roosevelt Roads Naval Base 27

Index 293

Roxborough, Ian 267-8 Rummel, R. J. 3

Saharawi Arab People's Republic 271 Sandinistas 28, 42, 200, 208-11 Scoon, Paul 51 Seaga, Edward 14, 55, 125-6, 131-5,

144 n. 129, 200, 225 Shultz, George 158 Simmonds, Kennedy 176, 187-8,

190-1 Smith, David (Brig.) 114 Smith, Kline et al. 52 Somoza, Antonio 44 South Africa 264: Angola and

Mozambique 270; attitude to colour 267; links with Israel 266; nuclear potential 266, 276; power station at Koeberg, Cape Province 265

SOUTHCOM 130-1, 196, 199 Soviet-backed liberation

movements 24 Soviet-Cuban influence 26 Soviet Union see USSR St John, Bernard 154, 158, 160 St Kitts and Nevis 5: history of 175;

invasion of 176-8; military force 183, 184; Nevis 175; Nevis Reformation Party 186; People's Action Movement 177-9; SSU (Special Service Unit) 188-91

St Lucia 52: and Barbados 149; United Workers' Party 131

St Thomas: American mercenaries 177; Anguillan revolt 177

St Vincent and the Grenadines 52, 65 Stone, Carl 124, 132, 133, 145 n. 138 Surinam 14, 243 SWAPO 271, 273

Terrorism 8,9, 10, 11,12 Thatcher, Margaret 50 Thomas, Clive 10, 219, 247-8 Thompson, Dudley 120, 139 n. 51 Tobias, St Clair 177 Torrijos, Omar 12, 195 Trinidad and Tobago: defense

force 111, 146-47, 150-51; Eric Williams 150; 1970 coup attempt 246

Trujillo, Rafael Leonidas 86, 87, 95, 98-9, 104 n. 11, n. 16, 105 n. 19

Turks and Caicos 14

Uganda 272-4 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(USSR) 62, 63, 67: and Cuba 68, 206; embassy in Jamaica 145 n. 145; and Grenada 239 n. 11; INF agreement 70; military forces in Caribbean 202

UNITA 273 United States of America (USA): AID

(Agency for International Development) 37, 82-3, 147, 190; aid to Ethiopian and Angolan 'freedom' fighters 273; anti-narcotics efforts 14, 124, 250; arms supplies to Jamaica 123; Black Carolina Corps 244; CADO 37; CAl (Central American Initiative) 24, 31, 35-42; Caribbean basin relations 22-4, 30-5; Carter, Jimmy see Carter administration; CBI 24, 31, 33-42, 63-5, 227; CIA 10, 12, 13; Congress see US Congress; Cuba, foreign policy towards 66-73; DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) 10, 128, 200; Department of Commerce 33; DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency) 13; and dictators 12; Eximbank 36; foreign policy 57 n. 3; Guantanamo Bay 113, 130; House of Representatives 35; Housing Guarantee Program 36-7; IMET (International Military Education and Training) 127, 131, 164; investment in Caribbean basin 30-5; and JDF 128, 131, 135; LANTCOM 130, 203; MAAG (Military Aid and Advisory Group) 82, 85; media 12; rnilitarisation of Caribbean basin 65-6, 197-204; military intervention in Dominican Republic 82, 89; military intervention in Latin America 254-5; National Security Council 70; New Right 24-7, 44, 53; Peace Corps 36-7; perceptions of Caribbean 222-3; PL 480 37; Rapid Deployment Force 196, 203; return of lands to Jamaica

294 Index

USA cont. 111; State Department 51; Strategic Defense Acquisition Fund 126, 142 n. 98; and terrorism 10-12; troops 13; US Bombardment School 83; USIA 37

University of the West Indies 18, 116, 222, 243

US Congress: and the CAl 37; foreign police, training of 10; Grenada 50; military escalation 28; Pickle Report 41

US Virgin Islands 127, 166 Uruguay 50

Venezuela 195, 200 Vietnam 28, 83, 195

Vietnam War 24, 195

Walcott, 0. F. C. (Col.) 149-50 Walters, Vernon 47 Warner, Sir Thomas 175 Weber, ~ax 254 Webster, Ronald 177, 181 West Indies Federation 150 West Indies Regiment 242-5 Westlake, Donald 177 Westminster model 5, 235-6, 243 Williams, Eric 150, 151, 244 World Bank 131, 227 World War III 24, 25

Young, Dennis 7

Zartman, William I. 264 Zimbabwe 24, 180, 274