Seismic engineering and disaster management
Transcript of Seismic engineering and disaster management
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ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION & HAZARDMANAGEMENT
PREPARED BY:BHAVIN JANANIM.E (FRACTURE MECHANICS)
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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INTRODUCTION
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH
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SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH
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WHY SEISMIC ENGINEERING?
CALIFORNIA
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WHY SEISMIC ENGINEERING?
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WHY SEISMIC ENGINEERING?
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WHY SEISMIC ENGINEERING?
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WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE???? Sudden movement / vibration on earth
Tectonic plates
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SEISMOLOGY
A. SEISMIC WAVESB. MAGNITUDE OF EARTHQUAKEC. INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKED. ZONES OF EARTHQUAKEE. EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKEF. AFTERSHOCKS
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FOCUS Starting point of Earthquake in earth
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EPICENTER Point above focus lying on surface of
earth from where seismic waves travels in all directions
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FORE SHOCKS- AFTER SHOCKS There are some shocks occur before
the main(big) earthquake
After the earthquake tectonic plates try to be stable and thus some small shocks occur which are named as aftershocks.
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SEISMOGRAPH
USED TO MEASURE INTENSITY OF AN EARTHQUAKE
GRAPH DRAWN BY SEISMOMETER PERMANENETLY INSTALLED IN
EARTHQUAKE SENSITIVE ZONE
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MAGNITUDE & INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKE
MAGNITUDE INTENSITYMEASURE OF EAETHQUAKE (QUANTITIVE)
MEASURE OF VIBRATION(QUALITY FORM)
MEASURED BY RICHTER SCALE
MEASURE BY MMI SCALE
SAME ON EVERY PLACE INTENSITY IS DECRESED WITH INCREASE IN DISTANCE FROM EPICENTER
MEASURE OF ENERGY MEASURE OF VIBRATION
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EARTH STRUCTURE
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FACTORS AFFECTING EARTHQUAKE INTERNAL FACTORS
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FACTORS AFFECTING EARTHQUAKE EXTERNAL FACTORS
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CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
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CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
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TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES P-WAVES
PRIMARY WAVES FASTEST SIMILAR TO SOUND WAVES + CAN PASS THROUGH
SOLID GAS AS WELL AS LIQUID
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TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES S-WAVES
SECONADARY WAVES SLOWER THAN P WAVES SIMILAR TO ELCTRO MEGNATIC WAVES + CAN PASS
THROUGH SOLIDS BUT CAN’T PASS THROUGH LIQUID
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TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES REYLEIGH WAVES(R-WAVES)
MOST DANGEROUS MIXTURE OF P WAVES+ S WAVES
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TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES LOVE WAVES
FASTER THAN R WAVES CAN’T PASS THROUGH WATER
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EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE
1. PRIMARY (+ NATURAL)
2. SECONDARY
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EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE
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CHECKING OF EARTHQUAKE AFFECTED BUILDINGS
1. BEAMS AND COLUMS OF CORNERS (BUCKLING , TWISTING , PLASTER DEFFECTS)
2. CHECK REMAINING BEAMS AND COLUMNS
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CHECKING OF EARTHQUAKE AFFECTED BUILDINGS
3. CANTILEVER BEAM & BALCONY
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CHECKING OF EARTHQUAKE AFFECTED BUILDINGS
4. STAIRS- LIFT CABINS
5. OUTER WALLS
6. BEAM-COLUMN JUNCTIONS
7. WATER TANK- LEAKAGE
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CHECKING OF EARTHQUAKE AFFECTED BUILDINGS
8. INTERNAL WALLS & PARTITION WALLS
9. FLOORING
10. DRAINAGE
11. ELECTRICAL WIRING
12.REPAIRS
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SUGGESTIONS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION IN EQ. SENSITIVE AREA
Qualified Engineer Load bearing capacity of soil Black cotton soil – special strengthening Light weight materials Simple geometry Quality of the material height of the building Provide less openings Prefer frame structures Expansion joints
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CHECKING POINTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE FOR NEW HOUSE
MAX. LOAD BEARING CAPACITY CONSTRUCTION DONE ON LANDFILL COMPLEX GEOMETRY WRONG TYPE OF FOUNDATION QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP &
MATERIALS DRAWINGS
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PROTECTION OF PEOPLE FROM EARHQUAKE
WHAT TO DO?
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PROTECTION OF PEOPLE FROM EARHQUAKE
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PROTECTION OF PEOPLE FROM EARHQUAKE
WHAT NOT TO DO?
DON’T PUT HEAVY THINGS ON HEIGHT
DON’T GO NEAR TO BIG TREES OR BUILDINGS
DON’T SPREAD ROUMERS
DON’T GO WHERE MANY PEOPLE ARE TOGATHERED (SCHOOLS,THEATERS etc)
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DISASTERS
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MAN MADE DISASTERS TECHNOLOGICAL
ACCIDENTS(RAILS,AIR WAYS, ROAD) FIRE
POLITICAL WARS RIOTS STRIKES
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CYCLONES
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WHAT ARE CYCLONES? "Cyclone" is an intense whirl in the
atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.
Word "Cyclone" is derived from the Greek, word "Cyclos" meaning the coils of a snake.
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WHAT ARE CYCLONES? Cyclones are intense low pressure
areas - from the centre of which pressure increases outwards.
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CRITERIA FOLLOWED TO CLASSIFY CYCLONES
As adopted by Meteorological Department of India
1 Knots = 1.85 kmph
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EFFECTS OF CYCLONES HEAVY RAINFALL FLOOD NO WORK NEAR SEA SHORE ELECTRICITY SERVICES CAN BE
AFFECTED NO TRANSPORTATION BAD EFFECTS ON FARMING LOSS OF LIVES DISEASE
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CYCLONE MAP OF INDIA
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CYCLONES - DO'S & DONT'S Before the Cyclone season:
Check the house; secure loose tiles, carry out repair works for doors and windows
Remove dead woods or dying trees close to the house; anchor removable objects like lumber piles, loose tin sheds, loose bricks, garbage cans, sign-boards etc. which can fly in strong winds
Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded if needed
Demolish condemned buildings
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When the Cyclone starts Listen to the radio about weather
warnings Keep monitoring the warnings. This will
help you to prepare for a cyclone emergency.
Pass on the information to others. Believe in the official information
Ignore rumors and do not spread them; this will help to avoid panic situations.
CYCLONES - DO'S & DONT'S
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Believe in the official information When a cyclone alert is on for your area continue normal working but stay alert to the radio warnings.
Remember that a cyclone alert means that the danger is within 24 hours. Stay alert.
If your house is securely built on high ground take shelter in the safer part of the house. However, if asked to evacuate do not hesitate to leave the place.
Provide strong suitable support for outside doors.
Keep torches handy
CYCLONES - DO'S & DONT'S
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WHEN THE CYCLONE STARTS Small and loose things, which can fly in
strong winds, should be stored safely in a room.
If the centre of the cyclone is passing directly over your house there will be a lull in the wind and rain lasting for half and hour or so. During this time do not go out; because immediately after that very strong winds will blow from the opposite direction.
Switch off electrical mains in your house. KEEP calm
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DESERT CYCLONE
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LAND SLIDE
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SNOW AVALANCHES
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EFFECTS OF SNOW AVALANCHES LOSS OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM CITIZENTS MAY FEEL SICK NO WORK NO MONEY LOSS OF LIVES (ANIMALS, HUMANS AS
WELL AS
PLANTS)
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TSUNAMIS
Did you know……
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A Tsunami wave can reach over
100 ft. or higher onto land?
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Tsunami waves can be up to 60 mph =700-800 km/h
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Tsunami waves are powerful enough to lift giant boulders, lift vehicles, and demolish houses?
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These waves can cross an entire city
without losing any energy?
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Hawaii is the number one STATE at risk for a
Tsunami and they average about 1 per
year?
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Many say Tsunamis sound like a freight
train?
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Right before a Tsunami strikes the ocean can
drain away?
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Although Tsunamis are dangerous,
DID YOU KNOW…….
Palm trees can survive Tsunamis?
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Find out if your home is in a danger area. Know
the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast. Evacuation orders may be based on these numbers.
Make sure all family members know how to respond to a tsunami
Teach family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity, and water.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Be familiar with the tsunami warning signs.
Because tsunamis can be caused by an underwater disturbance or an earthquake,.
Make evacuation plans. Pick an inland location that is elevated. After an earthquake or other natural disaster, roads in and out of the vicinity may be blocked, so pick more than one evacuation route.
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FLOOD
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FIRE
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INSTRUCTIONS TO PEOPLE CALL FIRE BRIGADE VALUE YOUR LIFE RATHER THAN
THINGS DON’T ENTER INTO BUILDING UNTIL
FIRE IS FULLY BLOWN OUT DON’T SWITCH ON ELECTRIC MAINS REPAIRING
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