Seismic Design of Timber Buildings - Wood-Works · 10/25/2014 1 PreStressed Timber Limited –...
Transcript of Seismic Design of Timber Buildings - Wood-Works · 10/25/2014 1 PreStressed Timber Limited –...
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pull-over test of timber framed school building
Testing conducted by: Aurecon Group, BRANZ
T. Smith, 29th October 2014
Seismic Design of Timber BuildingsDr. Tobias Smith
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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T. Smith, 29th October 2014
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright
laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the
presentation without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© University of Canterbury/PreStressed Timber Ltd. 2014
T. Smith, 29th October 2014
Canadian Wood Council, Wood WORKS! and the Wood Solutions Fair is a Registered
Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System; the
Architectural Institute of British Columbia and the Engineering Institute of Canada.
Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported on behalf of members of
each CES provider for those who complete a participation form at the registration
counter. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA, AIBC or EIC members are available on
request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As
such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to
specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.
Program Education Credit Information
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Outline
• Introduction
• What happened in Christchurch?
• How do we design against earthquakes?
• Innovative solutions and Pres-Lam technology
• Examples
• Opportunities for Tall Buildings
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Where I come from…
Vancouver, Canada
Christchurch New ZealandCourtesy of D. Moroder
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Where I come from…
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Where I come from…
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Countries strong in Timber Engineering
Courtesy of D. Moroder
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Countries with Timber Framed Houses
Courtesy of D. Moroder
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Countries strong in Seismic Design
Courtesy of D. Moroder
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Seismic Timber Design…
Courtesy of D. Moroder
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
And why is that?
Japan
Chile
Vancouver
New Zealand
www.earthobservatory.sg
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Seismicity of ‘The Shakey Isles’
Movement of fault = 40mm per year
Geoffrey Cox
The Restless Country
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Seismicity of ‘The Shakey Isles’• M7.8 1929
• M7.8 1931
• M7.6 1934
• M7.2 1942
• M7.1 1968
• M6.5 1987
• M7.8 2009
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch Earthquake
Main quake:
4 September 2010, 4.30am. M 7.1.
No deaths www.all-geo.org
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch EarthquakeGround accelerations, 2010
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch Earthquake
Main quake:
4 September 2010, 4.30am. M 7.1.
No deaths
Aftershock:
22 February 2011, 1 pm. M 6.3
182 deaths
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch EarthquakeGround accelerations, 2011
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch Earthquake
Design spectrum1.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
Sp
ect
ral
acc
ele
rati
on
(g
)
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Building period (s)
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch EarthquakeDamage to the city – Unreinforced Masonary
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch EarthquakeDamage to the city – Concrete Structures
Two reinforced
concrete structures in
the collapsed, one of
these accounted for
over half of the total
casualties.
Collapse of these
structures was created
by poor seismic
detailing
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch EarthquakeDamage to the city – Liquefaction
Significant damage to both
buildings and
infrastructure was created
by liquefaction
Sections of the city have
now been abandoned due
to the ground conditions
Liquefaction also created
significant damage to
commercial buildings
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Solid Wood Housing (NOT CLT)
Solid wood housing performed very
well however serviceability following
the event was an issue
Although Cross-Lam has become part of the
rebuild process, there were no examples in
CHCH at the time of the earthquake
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Drywall lining
Most of the residential building stock, performed very well but costly to repair
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – External Veneer
Heavy external veneers performed poorly in many cases, especially near epicenter
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Falling Chimneys
Chimneys also presented a significant hazard, falling and outside of houses. This also
created hazard to adjoining properties
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Rockfall and Liquefaction
Blah Blah Blah Blah
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Rockfall and Liquefaction
Liquefaction damage due to use of shallow,
occasionally unreinforced, foundation slabs
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Soft Storey
Soft story collapse was an
issue for a small amount
of modern timber framed
apartments
In some cases this
collapse was progressive
over a series of events
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQTimber Housing – Soft Storey
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQEngineered Timber Buildings
Their was not a significant
stock of engineered
timber buildings in CHCH,
however, all performed
very well
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQEngineered Timber Buildings
Shear DamageCourtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQWhat does Christchurch look like now?
Courtesy of W. Y. Kam
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQWhat does Christchurch look like now?
Courtesy of W. Y. Kam
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected] of M. Taylor
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQWhat does Christchurch look like now?
Courtesy of M. Taylor
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceOur current design choices
Earthquake engineering philosophy
Minor earthquake No damage
Moderate earthquake Repairable damage
Big earthquake No deaths, Damage is ok
Not good enough
Society wants more
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceOur current design choices
‘Bad’ Behavior ‘Good’ Behavior
This saves lives, but it is not good enough
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceOur current design choices
This building displayed almost
prefect ‘good’ seismic behavior
Courtesy of S. Pampanin
Courtesy of S. Pampanin
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceThis was our choice for Christchurch following a major earthquake
Repair is just too expensive,
and people are nervous about the results
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceDamage to timber connections…
‘Bad’ Behavior
Seim and Vogt 2013 Seim and Vogt 2013 Lauriola 2006
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceDamage to timber connections…
Lauriola 2006 Lauriola 2006 “Versuche zur DIN 1052”
‘Good’ Behavior
But how do we repair it and what would it cost?
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
We need to shift the goal postsUpdating our thinking to performance based design
Higher expectations of modern society ( “the three Ds”):
• No victims nor collapse (Deaths)
• Minimum level of damage or direct costs (Damage = Dollars)
• Minimum business interruption and recovering (indirect) costs (Downtime)
Courtesy of S. Pampanin
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Ways to do this in timber…Base Isolation
Courtesy of F.C. Ponzo, M. Simonetti, A Di Cesare, D. Nigro
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Ways to do this in timber…Base Isolation
Courtesy of F.C. Ponzo, M. Simonetti, A Di Cesare, D. Nigro
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
PREStressed – LAMinated Timber:
GLUe – LAMinated: GLULAM
CROSS-LAMinated: CROSS-LAM
Smith et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-LamDamage Limiting System
(c/o Miss S. Nakaki) (Palermo et al. 2005)
• Originally conceived for reinforced concrete (PRESSS)
• Combination of post-tensioning cable and (in high siesmic areas) internal or external
reinforcing
• Separates ductility from material damage
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
“Bill and Ben at 10” TVNZondemand
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Demolish
Repair
Pres-LamDamage Limiting System
Pres-Lam changes the way in which a system remains following earthquake loading, replacing
damaged reinforcing following a major event
Courtesy of S. PampaninCourtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam for framesDamage Limiting System
Post-tensioning provides moment connectionsCourtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam for wallsDamage Limiting System
U
U
U
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-LamSystem Performance
Hybrid specimen 3 – HY3
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
-0,05 -0,04 -0,03 -0,02 -0,01 0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05
Drift
Top-late
ral F
orc
e [k
N]
fp0 = 0.6fpy
Pres-Lam separates good seismic
performance from system damage
Smith et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Flag-shaped hysteresis loopDuctility without Damage
Self-centering
F
D +F
D
F
D =
Energy Dissipation A Hybrid System
Unbonded Post-
tensioned (PT) tendons
Internal or External
reinforcing
Combination of PT
Tendons and Reinforcing
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam Timber WallUnder Lateral Loading
Courtesy of F. Sarti
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsGravity Frames
Pres-Lam not only provides excellent seismic performance but it can also reduc beam
heights and achieve longer bay lengths
Van Beerschoten et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsWall systems
Pres-Lam walls with internal and external reinforcing.
Testing has also been performed on the transfer of forces within a Pres-Lam frame,
Economics of connections.
Sarti et al. Moroder et al.
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsMoment Frames in LVL and Glulam
Frame testing has been performed in both LVL and Glulam.
Numerous connection details and reinforcing methods have been investigated as well as
reinforcing techniques
Armstrong et al.
Smith et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsComplete Building System
Post-tensioning TendonsNewcombe et al.
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsComplete Building System – Shaking Table Testing
Frame subjected to 200% of
design earthquake loading with
no damage
Smith et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsMoment Cross-Lam Stairwell
Dunbar et al.
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeRelocation of the STIC Test building to become offices
The test building, following
being subjected to several
massive earthquake events
was moved and converted
into an office structure
As an office structure, it
went through the
Christchurch seismic
sequence
It has recently been
dismantled and moved to
begin its third life as a law
office
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Building in the World
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Architect: Irving Smith Jack, Engineer: Aurecon
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Building in the World
Photo: Irving Smith Jack Architects
Architect: Irving Smith Jack, Engineer: Aurecon
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Building in the World
Courtesy of A. Buchanan Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Architect: Irving Smith Jack, Engineer: Aurecon
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Auditorium in the World
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Auditorium in the World
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
Photo: Opus International
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Auditorium in the World
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
Photo: Opus International
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Auditorium in the World
Photo: Carterton District Council
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeA gravity dominated Pres-Lam Frame
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Architect: Athfeild Architects, Engineer: Dunning Thornton Consultants
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeA gravity dominated Pres-Lam Frame Architect: Athfeild Architects, Engineer: Dunning Thornton Consultants
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeA gravity dominated Pres-Lam Frame
Architect: Athfeild Architects, Engineer: Dunning Thornton Consultants
Photo: Trends Magazine NZ
Photo: Trends Magazine NZ
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe Largest Pres-Lam Building
The largest building built with Pres-Lam is the new office structure for Trimble Navigation Ltd.
It has been equipped with smart building technology as a full future proof solution.
Photo: Opus International
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe Largest Pres-Lam Building
Photo: Conorboyd Photography
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe Largest Pres-Lam Building
Photo: Opus International
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeOther Examples of Pres-Lam
Concrete Columns,
Timber Beams and
Base Isolated
Cross-Lam Panels
incorporating
sections of LVL
Pres-Lam Frames only
Architect: Rick Proko, Engineer: Ruaumoko
Architect: Design Base, Engineer: Nelson Timber Solutions
Architect: Sheppard and Rout, Engineer: Kirk Roberts
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current Trends in Timber DesignThe World’s getting Taller
Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter Asmgb ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN Equilibrium,
LMDG Ltd, BTY GroupSOM Skidmore Owings and Merrell
Norway Canada USA
Barentshus Tower Tall wood proposal Timber Tower Chicago
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current Trends in Timber DesignThe World’s getting Taller
What type of connections do we want?
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
We want more Timber BuildingsESPECIALLY in Seismic areas
• What are the barriers?
–RISK Who carries it?
– We have to lower the risk, for many players
• What are the key strategies?
1. Collaboration
2. Skills and knowledge
3. Successful projects
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
We want more Timber BuildingsESPECIALLY in Seismic areas
• Collaboration
– Researchers
– Timber industry
– Engineers,
– Architects, QS
– Builders, developers
� Skills and knowledge–Design guides–Education–Websites–Software
� Successful projects
– Working together on real buildings– Testing of prototypes– Learning from design and construction
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Conclusions
• We have the technology, more coming
• We have the materials, hybrids coming
• We have the structural systems
• Excellent seismic performance
• The hard part is putting it all together
Reduce the risk for all stakeholders by working together
For future timber buildings
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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Photo: Irving Smith Jack Architects
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
• This concludes the:
• American Institute of Architects
• Architectural Institute of British Columbia
• Engineering Institute of Canada•
• Continuing Education Systems Program
• Seismic Behavior of Timber Buildings
Questions/ Comments?
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Dr. Tobias Smith