Segregation and part-time work: Obstacles to adequate employment:
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FENICs Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts Segregation and part-time work: Obstacles to adequate employment: Stephanie Steinmetz ([email protected]) Johann Handl ([email protected]) Institute of Sociology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) ,Germany February 2003
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February 2003. Segregation and part-time work: Obstacles to adequate employment:. Stephanie Steinmetz ( [email protected]) Johann Handl ( [email protected]) Institute of Sociology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) ,Germany. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Segregation and part-time work: Obstacles to adequate employment:
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Segregation and part-time work:
Obstacles to adequate employment:
Stephanie Steinmetz ([email protected])
Johann Handl ([email protected])
Institute of Sociology,
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) ,Germany
February 2003
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
„Segregation“ in the European and Scientific Context
• Political Argument:
The EU focused on various „gender gaps“:
Sex-specific occupational segregation
important reason for the wage-gap and women‘s lower occupational status.
• Scientific Argument: Various problems as to the quality of data:
Debate on the question of measurement no agreement about the amount of occupational segregation and their historical change over time.
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Theoretical and Methodological Concept
Theoretical concept measured by…used classification
“Segregation": generic term which includes the aspects of…
Sex-typing of occupations
Standardised Index of Dissimilarity (DST)
ISCO88 3-digit
Sex-specific occupational chances
Index of Dissimilarity (D) ISCO88 3-digit
Sex-specific inequalities
Aritmethic mean, variances ISEI 3-digit
Used data-set: European Labour Force Survey (ELFS) for the years 1992-2000.Central variables: “hww”, "country", "sex", “education”, “ISCO88”, “ISEI”.
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Correlation between Dst und D Country-Typology 2000
Regessionslinie
R2 = 0,26
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62
Dst (%)
D (
%)
ITGR
ESPT
NLLU
BE
FI
SE
UKFRDE
mean Dst
mean DAT
IEDK
Source: ELFS, Zig-DHT4, own calculations
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Main hypotheses concerning the influence of different variables on the level of sex-typing and the occupational
status of employees
• A reduction of working time increases the tendency to work in a „female-dominated“ occupation and reduces the attained occupational status.
• The tendencies described above can also be expected when the educational level is reduced.
• Both of these tendencies are strengthened for women (interaction effects).
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Main effects on the tendency to work in a „female-dominated“ occupation; ES, DE, UK and SE; 2000
-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
Spain Germany UK Sweden
Part-timeSex
ESDE
SE
UK
DE
DE
ES
UK
SE
Marginal-time Edu med. Edu low
UK
ES ES
SESE
SE
DE
DE
ES
UK
UK
Source: ELFS, Zig-DHT4, own calculations
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Main- and interaction effects on the tendency to work in a „female-dominated“ occupation; DE and ES; 2000
-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
GermanyME GermanyIE SpainME SpainIE
DE/IE
DE/ME
ES/IE
ES/ME
Part-timeSex Marginal-time Edu med. Edu low
Source: ELFS, Zig-DHT4, own calculations
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Differences in occupational status of female working time groups in seven EU-Countries 2000: ISEI3 (arithm. mean)
Source: ELFS, Zig-DHT4, own calculations
25
30
35
40
45
50
55IT
DE
ES
FRNL
UK
SE
marginal-time part-time full-time total
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Main Results I
• Dimension of sex-typing:Part- and marginal-time: In all countries the tendency to work in a „typical“ female occupation is strengthened (except of SE for marginal-time).
Educational level: Division between countries: A reduction in education increases the tendency to work in a „typical“ female occupation in UK and DE, whereas education has nearly no effect in ES and SE.
Sex: In all countries women tend to be more employed in „typical“ female occupations. The interaction effects increase the tendency described above (except of SE and UK for marginal-time)
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Main Results II
• Dimension of sex-specific inequalities:
Part-time: Differentiation between countries: The average
status of female part-timers is close to that of female full-time
workers in DE, ES, FR and NL, whereas big differences exist
between the status of female part- and full-time work in UK
and SE.
Marginal-time: leads in all countries to the lowest
occupational status of women.
