Seed Plants Ch12.3 7th PDF
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Transcript of Seed Plants Ch12.3 7th PDF
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Seed PlantsChapter 12 Section 3
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Objectives:
Describe 3 ways that seed plants differ from
seedless plants
Describe the structure of seeds
Compare angiosperms & gymnosperms
Explain the economic & environmental
importance of gymnosperms & angiosperms
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FYI: The Millennium Seed Bank
Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, England
◦ Collecting seeds from 24,000 plant species
around the world
◦ 50,000 species may become extinct in the
next 30 years
◦ Ensures the survival of plants that stabilize
soil, provide food, medicine, and building
material
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FYI: Sea Bean (genus Mucuna)
Largest seed pod in the world
Floats from river to ocean, 1000’s of miles
before it is washed to shore
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/mucuna4b.gif http://www.ncaquariums.com/askaquarium/ataimg/seabeans.jpg
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Seed Plants:
2 groups of vascular plants that produce
seeds:
◦ Gymnosperms
Trees & Shrubs that do not have flowers or fruit
◦ Angiosperms
Have flowers and seeds that are protected by fruit
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Characteristics of Seed Plants
Similarities: seed and seedless plants both
alternate between a 2 stage life cycle
◦ Sporophyte
◦ Gametophyte
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Characteristics of Seed Plants:
Differences:
◦ Produce seeds; nourish and protect young
sporophytes
◦ Gametophytes do not live independently of
the sporophyte; tiny; form within the
reproductive structures of the sporophyte
◦ The sperm of seed plants do not need water
to reach an egg; form inside pollen – can be
transported by wind or animals
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Pollen:
The tiny granules that contain the male
gametophyte of seed plants
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Seed Plants:
Because of these characteristics, seed
plants can live just about anywhere!
Most common plants on Earth today
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The Structure of Seeds:
A seed forms after fertilization
3 Parts:
◦ Young plant: Sporophyte
◦ Stored food: Cotyledons (seed leaves)
◦ Seed coat: surrounds and protects the young
plant
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Seed Structure:
http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/admin/tour/14719/14719lr001135.gif
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The Structure of Seeds:
Advantages over seedless plants:
◦ Young plant uses the stored food in the seed
◦ Can be spread by animals (more efficient)
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Gymnosperms:
Do not have flowers or fruit
Seeds are usually protected by a cone
4 Groups:
◦ Conifers
◦ Ginkgoes
◦ Cycads
◦ Gnetophytes
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Importance of Gymnosperms:
Conifers: used for building materials, paper products, anti-cancer drugs
Pine trees: produce resin (used to make soap, turpentine, paint, ink)
Gnetophytes: anti-allergy drugs
All are popular in gardens and parks
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Gymnosperms:
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle:
Most familiar gymnosperm: conifer
(“cone-bearing”) – have male & female
cones
Spores of each type of cone become tiny
gametophytes
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle:
Male gametophytes are found in pollen (pollen contain sperm)
Female gametophytes produce eggs
Transfer of pollen from male to female cones = pollination
Fertilized egg develops into a young sporophytewithin the female cone
Released under special circumstances (ex: forest fire)
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle:
http://img.sparknotes.com/figures/9/9f79f1dbce762884bf644e4ac8450061/gymnospermlifecycle.gif
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Angiosperms:
Vascular plants that produce flowers and
fruits
Most abundant plants today
235,000 species
In almost every land ecosystem
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Angiosperm Reproduction:
Flowers help angiosperms reproduce
◦ Some depend on the wind for pollination
◦ Others have flowers that attract animals
Fruits surround and protect seeds
◦ Depend on the wind to carry them
◦ Other fruits attract animals to eat them or
are carried (ex: burrs)
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2 Kinds of Angiosperms:
2 Classes of Angiosperms
◦Monocots
◦Dicots
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Monocots:
One cotyledon
Leaves with parallel veins
Flower parts in threes
Scattered bundles of vascular tissue
Ex: Grasses, orchids, onions, lilies,
palms
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Monocots:
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~owens/age2062/OnLineBiology/OLBB/www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/monocots_1.gif
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Dicots:
2 cotyledons
Ex: roses, cactuses, sunflowers, peanuts,
peas
Leaves with branching veins
Bundles of vascular tissue are in a ring
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Dicots:
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~owens/age2062/OnLineBiology/OLBB/www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/DICOTS.gif
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Importance of Angiosperms:
Provide food for land animals
Part of food chain
Major food crops for people (corn, rice,
wheat)
Oak trees (building materials)
Cotton or flax (clothing or rope)
Medicines, rubber, perfume oils
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Angiosperms:
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Quick Quiz:
How are gymnosperms and angiosperms
different?
How are flowering plants important?