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SEEA as a framework for assessing policy responses to climate change Prepared for the IAOS...
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SEEA as a framework for assessing policy responses to climate change Prepared for the IAOS conference Sjoerd Schenau and Roel Delahaye Statistics Netherlands
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Transcript of SEEA as a framework for assessing policy responses to climate change Prepared for the IAOS...
SEEA as a framework for assessing policy responses to climate change
Prepared for the IAOS conference
Sjoerd Schenau and Roel Delahaye
Statistics Netherlands
Content• Introduction
• Linking SEEA with DPSIR model; what elements of SEEA apply to which part of the DPSIR model
• Climate change policy questions that can be addressed in the SEEA; mitigation and adaptation
• Conclusions
Introduction
• SEEA – System of Environmental and Economic accounting
• Climate change in volume III of SEEA
• Focus on relationships between economic activities and climate change
• In context of the DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model
Individual statistics
•High diversity
•Little coherence
•Independent development
•Difficult correlation
Still room for diversitySEEA framework
•Solid foundation
•More coherence
•Single architecture
Introduction
• SEEA – System of Environmental and Economic accounting
• Climate change in volume III of SEEA-2012
• Focus on relationships between economic activities and climate change
• In context of the DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model
Response… of society to
solve the problem
PressureHuman activities
affecting theenvironment
Driving forcesEconomic
developments
ImpactEffects of a changed
environment
StateQuality of theenvironment
Increased production, population,energy demand etc. Greenhouse gas emissions
Climate variables
Impact on agriculture, water supply, sea level etc.
DPSIR model
Response… of society to
solve the problem
PressureHuman activities
affecting theenvironment
Driving forcesEconomic
developments
ImpactEffects of a changed
environment
StateQuality of theenvironment
MitigationAdaptation
Stimulate renewable energy production Energy saving
Construction of dikes and sea walls
Climate change policies issues and SEEA
1. To what extent is human induced climate change actually taking place ?Can SEEA be used ? NO !
2. What actions need to be taken to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasses (mitigation) ?Can SEEA be used Yes !
3. What actions need to be taken to deal with the consequences of global warming and minimize the impacts (adaptation)?Can SEEA be used Yes !
Applications and policy uses of SEEA to climate change
• Based on examples of the Dutch environmental accounts
• Policy questions regarding mitigation and adaptation
• Descriptive statistics and modelling
Are the production induced GHG emissions decoupling with respect to economic growth ?
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
GDP Greenhouse gasses CO2 CH4 N2O
index 1990 = 100
How can the change in GHG emissions over
time be explained ?
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Emission intensity Energy intensity Economic structure Economic growth CO2 emissions
Mton CO2
What are the economic drivers behind the
GHG emissions ?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Total economy
Agriculture
Food industry
Construction
Other manufacturing
Transport and communication
Financial Services
Government, health care, other services
Export Consumption government Consumption households Investments and stock changes
What is the national carbon footprint ?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1996 2009
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mton CO 2 -equivalents
1. GHG embodied in import 86 99 2. GHG embodied in export 105 103
3. Environmental balance of trade = 2-1 18 3
4. GHG by Dutch residents 246 232
5. GHG Dutch consumption needs (carbon footprint) = 4-3 228 228
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is the share of renewable energy in the
total energy consumption ?
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
%
Wind Solar Biomass Other
Taxes on energy and transport: to what extent
does the ‘polluter pay principle’ apply ?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total energy and transporttax
CO2 emissions
Households
Other services
Transport
Manufacturing and construction
Agriculture
How much do mitigating activities contribute to
economic growth ?
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1995 2000 2005 2006* 2007*
mln euro
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60%
Value added Percentage of GDP
Environmental goods and service industry
What is the potential economic impact of a sea level rise ?
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Agriculture and fishing
Electricity supply
Construction
Trade, hotel and restaurants
Financial and business services
Transport and communication
Government
Health care and other services
Industry
Mining
Total Dutch economy
Employment
Expenditures on the maintenance of dikes and seawalls
How much does a government spend on climate change adaptation measures ?
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
mln euro
Conclusions
• The SEEA, together with the SNA and related satellite accounts, has the potential to bring together in one consistent analytical framework all relevant information with regard to the relationships between the economy and climate change.
• SEEA as an integrated framework is particularly suitable to asses the policy responses to climate change. It provides all the essential information to monitor, understand and analyse the relation between the economy and climate change essential for developing both mitigation and adaptation strategies.
