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COMMUNICATION /COMPUTATION/CONTROL

COLLINS

Circle 101 on Reader Service Card

November, 1969-BM/E 3

NOVEMBER 1969/VOLUME 5/NUMBER 11

BMIEBROADCASTMANAGEMENT/

,ENGINEERING

Editor:JAMES A. LIPPKE

Managing Editor:WALTLV G. SALM

Associate Editor:THOMAS R. HASKETT

Assistant Editor:HILARY E. ABRAMSON

Art Director:KAREN WEINSTEIN

Editorial Director:GEORGE ROSTKY

Production Manager:ARLINE G. JACOBS

Circulation and Reader Service Manager:RITA MARKEL

Sales Promotion Manager:RHODA GLENNER

Research Manager:IRENE CHERVIN

Marketing Director:JACK LOW

President:RALPH E. RICHARDSON

This month's cover: Johnny seeinghimself on TV is possible with today'slow-cost VTRs, small enough forJohnny to pull around in his littlered wagon as shown in Art Sudduth'scover design. For the latest develop-ments in ETV/ITV, see pages 27-46.

6 Broadcast Industry News14 Focus on CATV17 Interpreting FCC Rules & Regulations

The Lottery Statute, Contests and Promotions

SPECIAL SECTION: ETV/ITV

27 ETV/ITV: A Progress Report Part IMake or Borrow in ITV?

29 Part HPTV Gets to the Public

33 Dial -a -Program Helps StudiesA summary of dial -access video as it's being used by severaleducational institutions.

36 Colorado's SURGE into ETVNearly 10,000 students take more than 80 courses viatelevision at Colorado State University.

39 Fitting ITV into a Computer -Managed CoursePioneering ITV class in sophomore physics is directed by acomputer at the U.S. Naval Academy.

42 Learn CCTV Operation and MaintenanceFew schools teach nonbroadcast video; this listing includesavailable courses and schools.

44 Planning the ITFS SystemWhat to consider when setting up the relays in this special-ized video system.

49 Baby that Vidicon!Build this protective circuit and prolong the life of thatcamera tube.

50 RCA's SelectaVision-What is It?Yet another type of home TV playback medium, SV isRCA's answer to CBS's EVR.

52 Television in the Inscrutable EastHong Kong-an all -cable -TV metropolis.

53 Management RoundtableTechniques That Sell-Part 1

54 Fast Phone Feed from TapeTwo easy ways for a remote newsman to feed a telco linefrom a portable tape machine.

56 Broadcast Equipment64 New Literature66 Names in the News84 FCC Actions92 Editorial

ITV: Integral Rather Than Supplemental?

Mactier Publishing Corp.820 Second Ave.. New York, N.Y. 10017, 212 661-0450Also publishers of:BROADCAST EQUIPMENT BUYERS GUIDEEEEELECTRO-PROCUREMENT

BRABM/E, Broadcast Management/Engineering, is published monthly byMactier Publishing Corp. All notices pertaining to undeliverable mailor subscriptions should be addressed to 820 Second Ave., New York,N.Y. 10017.BM/E is circulated without charge to those responsible for stationoperation and for specifying and authorizing the purchase of equip-ment used in broadcast facilities. These facilities include a -m, fm,and TV broadcast stations; CATV systems; ETV stations, networksand studios; audio and video recording studios; consultants, etc.Subscription prices to others are: U.S., its possessions and Canada-$10.00 one year, $18.00 two years; elsewhere-$15.00 one year,$25.00 two years.Copyright © 1969 by Mactier Publishing Corp., New York City.Controlled Circulation postage paid at Duluth. Minn.

4 November, 1969-BM/E

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Joy Stick/Paint ControlFingertip response to varying picture quality for thebest possible on -air signal

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Reader Service Card


BROADCAST INDUSTRY

Home radios with fmoutsell a -m -only modelsIt's been called a first-fm-equipped home radios (includingtable, clock, portable models) havebeen outselling a -m only ra-dios.

In the second quarter of 1969,combined import and U.S. factoryhome radio sales accounted formore than 8.9 million units, includ-ing 4.6 million, or 51.9 percentwith fm; in the first quarter of the

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year, fm represented 48.2 percent-8.2 million-of a market of 17.2million.

Fm auto radio sales, however,dropped from 13.4 percent in thefirst quarter to 12.9 percent in thesecond quarter of the year. In thefirst quarter, 439,597 fm auto ra-dios were sold; 350,207 were soldin the second quarter. While im-ports had 89.2 percent of home fmsales in the first half, they ac-counted for 5.5 percent of thewhole auto fm market.

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Substitute relay stations for fhe 65 stars above and you'll see how MCI New York WestInc. proposes to link New York and Chicago with a "customized" microwave system. Alike operation between Chicago and St. Louis, proposed last August by Microwave Com-munications, Inc., was the first private line service allowed by the FCC to compete withexisting, regulated monopolies. Headed by the same man, both companies hope tointerconnect in the future as the first part of a projected nationwide network.

If the FCC approves MCI NewYork West Inc.'s application fora microwave system license, "thefirst customized communicationsservice between New York andChicago" could be operating ninemonths later, according to the newcompany's chairman -tr ea sur er ,

Thor W. Kolle, Jr.This company is the second in

a series of independent carriers

being formed by regional investorsto create a nationwide communica-tions network in which, it is said,subscribers leasing on a commoncarrier basis would select exactbandwidths and terminal equip-ment for their needs, rather thanhaving to adapt their needs to faci-lities of existing carriers.

These systems would retainlocal interest and control of op-

erations, while cooperating oninterconnecting services througharrangements with MicrowaveCommunications of America, Inc.,a Washington, D.C., national serv-ice organization created by MCIfounders.

The first company in the series-Microwave Communications Inc.-was granted permission to pro-vide customized microwave servicebetween Chicago and St. Louis onAugust 14, 1969, in what has beencalled the first instance that FCChas allowed a company to competewith existing regulated monopoliesin supplying private -line service.

John D. Goeken, president ofboth Microwave CommunicationsInc. and MCI New York West,Inc., said that the new company,whose system would initially costabout $8 million, is not a telephonecompany and has "no relation tothe public telephone service. Wewill be a communications pipe," hesaid, "providing subscribers withexactly the transmission capacitythey need for all forms of informa-tion, whether it's data, facsimile,radio communications, teletype orvoice."

72 Basic Channels

MCI spokesmen said that "Com-pared to only three channels nowavailable for point-to-point servicefrom existing common carriers . . .

basically designed for voice trans-mission . . . MCI New York Westwill offer . . . for less than halfthe rates now being charged . . .

72 basic channels that can be usedin over 10,000 various combina-tions to meet the exact needs ofeach subscriber." MCI -type car-riers were also said to offer an al-ternative to private microwave sys-tems, whose more than 100,000miles were built by companies withlarge communications requirementsthat existing carriers couldn't meet.

The MCI New York West sys-tem would offer point-to-pointcommunications through use of 65relay stations along routes includ-ing Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleve -

6 Circle 103 on Reader Service Card .4

Gentlemen: Send me literatureon the B -Linetotal -solid-statemicrowave relay.

My application is:

Great color, great sound,great broadcast, great CATV, great.

Broadcast Industrial Common Carrier CATV Educational Government Public Safety

Portable 0.7 -1.0 GHz Fixed 1.7 - 2.5 GHz Airborne 3.7 - 4.2 GHz Turnkey 4.4 - 4.9 GHz 525 Line 0 5.9 - 7.2 GHz 625 Lire 7.1 - 8.4 GHz Message 10.5 - 13.3 GHz Data

MICROWAVE ASSOCIATESCommunication Equipment DivisionBurlington, Mass. 01803

Comments

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Company Telephone

Address City

State or Province Country Zip

land, Buffalo, Rochester and Al-bany. Up to five organizationswould be allowed to share a singlechannel, so that the smallest com-munications users "could take ad-vantage of the service." Subscriberscould connect with MCI throughlocal telephone lines, a microwaveradio link, coaxial cable or mobileradio units.

Typical uses of the MCI systemwere said to include instant accessto computer information centers,transmission of data, pictures andother graphic material, and radiocommunications with mobile unitsand remote control stations.

FCC asks for a -mrestriction and moreIn early September, the Commis-sion presented four major pro-posals in a combined Notice ofProposed Rule Making and Memo-randum Opinion and Order: thatnew, restrictive rules be adoptedfor accepting a -m applications; thatmajor changes be made in the facil-ities of authorized stations; thatcommercial a -m and fm be thoughtof as "part of a total aural serv-ice;" and that Class IV power in-crease requests be accepted a yearfrom September 4, 1969, regard-less of domestic interference.

Provisions

The proposed rules which con-tain revision of a -m assignmentrules in the FCC's July 17, 1968,"freeze" on a -m application accept-ance, would require applicationsfor new daytime stations (and formajor changes in daytime or night-time facilities) to provide a firstservice to 25 percent of the pro-posed service area, or 25 percentof the population within the area;that existing fm service of 1 mV/mor greater intensity, as well as a -mservice, be taken into account indetermining whether a substantialarea or population would receivea first primary service; and that ap-plicants for new facilities-not formajor changes-show that there isno fm channel available and un-occupied that could be used by anfm station, which would serve sub-stantially the same "white" (un-served) area proposed to be servedby the a -m station.

Among other things, the Com-mission said that fm provides afull-time service which a daytimea -m outlet (sought by most a -mapplicants) cannot offer, and thatcompared to any a -m service, fm

is technically better, cheaper andmore orderly for both the FCC andapplicants, freer from interference,and with stereo and SubsidiaryCommunications Authorizationcapability.

In a separate order, the Com-mission amended Note 2 of Sec-tion 1.571 of the rules to liftimmediately the "freeze" on appli-cations by existing Class IV stationsfor power increases and for new orchanged facilities in Alaska. Un-like existing Class IV power in-creases, the "freeze" on new ClassIV applications would continuepending rule making.

Comments on the proposed a -mrules are due on or before Novem-ber 14, 1969; reply comments aredue on or before December 15,1969.

Appeals court backspay TV authorizationAlthough FCC technical standardsand application filing guidelinesfor over -the -air subscription TVsystems have been in effect sinceSeptember 5, 1969, applicantscan't receive authorization for anSTV system until at least afterNovember 30-60 days after theCourt of Appeals' positive decisionon the validity of STV.

At this writing, it is uncertainwhether the Commission will issueSTV authorizations on or aroundNovember 30, or whether it willwait for two decisions-of Con-gressional committees on some 20pay TV bills and of the U.S. Su-preme Court, to which the Na-tional Association of Theater own-ers is said to have appealed thecourt's pro -pay TV decision.

Docket 11279, of which theFifth Report and Order on over-the -air STV systems was part, willnot be terminated, says the Com-mission, until it has finished study-ing comments filed in response tothe other part of the docket-theThird Further Notice of ProposedRule Making concerning CAT'Vsystems' carriage of STV signals.

As for applications, the Com-mission says that it doesn't planto adopt a special form for STVapplications, each of which costs$150.00. Applicants for STV au-thorization must comply with pro-visions of Sections 1.580 and1.594 of rules governing localnotice of filing or designation forhearing STV applications, accord-ing to the FCC. If an applicantwants to file the STV application

with an application for a CP fora new station, license renewal,assignment, or transfer of control,he may combine the required no-tice for both applications. TheCommission will not grant STVauthorization for thirty days afterit has issued public notice of ac-ceptance for filing.

According to the new rules, aproposed pay TV system can re-ceive over -the -air authorizationonly after the technical divisionof the office of the chief engineerhas given advance approval basedon specific criteria requiring that: A signal comply with all FCCtechnical standards for color ormonochrome transmission and theaccompanying aural signal. There be no increase in the6-HMz width of the TV broad-cast channel. There be recovery of the en-coded visual and aural programswithout perceptible degradation ascompared to the same programstransmitted under the Commis-sion's monochrome and colorstandards. There be no internal modifica-tions to subscribers' receivers. Reception of STV programs beno more susceptible to interferenceof any kind than reception of con-ventional TV programs.

STV system authorization re-quirements also ask that the appli-cation first be subjected to "certainconditions and limitations," in-cluding: A separate request for eachdifferent system. Field test checks, conductedwithout expense to the Commis-sion or tests by FCC personnel,if necessary. The understanding that no sys-tem is considered approved untilthe FCC has notified the applicantin writing.

A list of information about STVsystems submitted for Commissionapproval is maintained by thetechnical division of the office ofthe chief engineer but isn't opento the public.

BEST seeks to betterTV through "soul""To date, the [broadcasting] indus-try is a tool of the commercialand does not meet the needs andinterests of the black community,nor, for that matter, of any com-mun;ty."

This time it wasn't FCC Com-missioner Nicholas Johnson speak-ing, but a group called Black

8 November, I969-BM/E

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I0 November, 1969-BM/E

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Efforts for Soul in Television(BEST) writing to Senate cosign-ers of the "Pastore bill." Sent a fewmonths ago, the letter in whichthe quote appears was part ofBEST's first project and is indica-tive of what the organization con-siders as its raison d'être-to workfor TV programming that is "moremeaningful" to black people. Tomembers of BEST chapters inseven major cities, "soul" is syn-onymous with relevance.

Anti Pastore Bill

The group's most immediatebusiness has been opposing as "aform of backdoor racism" Senatebill S-2004, introduced by John 0.Pastore (D-R.I.). In general, thebill recommends changing presentFCC rules on license -renewal(which hold that the Commissionconsider at license renewal timecompeting applications before itgrants a renewal to the licensee) tohave the FCC accept competingapplications for a channel licenseonly after it has disqualified thelicensee. At deadline, BEST chap-ters plan to join in some kind ofpublic -attention -getting actionwhen Senator Pastore's SenateCommunications Subcommitteehearings on his bill resume.

The BEST letter said that thebill "seeks to protect" a "statusquo" in which, by "depicting theblack community via entertainmentspectaculars, a token colored re-porter and the usual insipid, unrealTV programs with 'Negro' stars,the television industry has mer-chandised a lily-white image thatperpetuates the doctrine of whiteconformity on which this countrywas built."

Besides active opposition to thePastore bill, BEST has been co-ordinating to inform black peopleof their "rights" as to televisionservice and what they can do tosocially, politically and culturallyget programming that is socially,politically and culturally relevant.Representing such black complain-ants in the Washington area, 15men have already asked the man-agement of three uhfs--WTOP-TV,WRC-TV and WTTG-Tv-to meetwith them and discuss charges of"offensive" programming. At thiswriting, the stations haven't metwith the citizen group.

According to BEST's chairman,Absalom Jordan, if a stationwouldn't "go along" with BESTsuggestions and ideas, BESTwould file protest petitions "orstrike applications, if blacks want

the license for themselves."Six of the eight members of

BEST's Washington, D.C. chapterhave already had experience withthe petition phase-late in Augustthey joined with nine members ofthe Black United Front (in whichseveral prominent Negro organi-zations in Washington, D.C. com-bine), to petition the FCC fordenial of ABC -affiliate WMAL-TV'Slicense renewal. The petitioncharged that the station had failedto determine and/or fullfill theneeds and interests of black citizenswho make up more than 70 per-cent of Washington, and that ithad misrepresented claims of hav-ing consulted over 100 black citi-zens on community needs andwishes.

IPS Study

Several organizational studieshave helped these Washingtongroups both indirectly and directly.Of most direct help was a studyby the Institute for Policy Studiesof all TV stations in Maryland,Virginia, West Virginia and theDistrict of Columbia; statisticaldata from it was used as evidencein the petition against WMAL-TV.IPS ranked Washington stationsWTTG, WTOP-TV WRC-TV first,second and third respectively, andevaluated WMAL-TV 25th in over-all programming service.

WQXR drops buttsAs of January 1, 1970, cigaretteadvertising printed in the NewYork Times and aired over Timesstations WQXR-AM-FM, must carrythe warning that appears on cig-arettes-"Caution: cigarette smok-ing may be hazardous to yourhealth"-and must reveal tar andnicotine content in the cigarette'ssmoke.

Among major cigarette manu-facturers who have announcedplans to cancel advertising afterthe January renewal date areAmerican Brands, Liggett andMyers and R. J. Reynolds, Inc.

MCA and Firestonecancel merger plansIn mid -September, Firestone Tire& Rubber Company and MCAInc. called off plans to merge,saying that "the best interests ofour respective shareholders wouldnot be served by the proposedtransaction."

One month before this an-nouncement, Firestone had modi-fied its original agreement in prin-ciple to issue debt securitiestotaling about $320 million forMCA-it substituted preferredstock for the debt securities.This was the motion picture -tele-

vision production company's sec-ond failure in a year to effect amerger. About three months beforenegotiating with Firestone, and fol-lowing extensive meetings with theantitrust division of the JusticeDepartment, MCA had abandonedplans to merge with WestinghouseElectric Corporation.

While it is said that MCA waspressured into breaking off nego-tiations with Westinghouse by theJustice Department's crackdown onmultimedia holdings and monopo-lies, it is said that MCA's secondmerger failure was due to lack ofagreement among some Firestoneinvestors.

Other recent cancellations ofmergers between communicationsgiants said to be traceable toJustice Department pressures, haveincluded Metromedia and Trans-america, and American Broadcast-ing Company and InternationalTelephone & Telegraph (seeBM/E, August, 1969, p. 8).

Quad stereo testedin N.Y., BostonFour -channel stereo (quadrasonicstereo) is getting a workover byinterested fm broadcasters andequipment manufacturers. It's alsogetting a mixed reaction fromlisteners and audio buffs. Big ques-tion: is it really a worthwhile im-provement or just a gimmick tosell more home stereo gear?

Basically, the system adds chan-nels 3 and 4 to the rear of thelistening room to impart some ofthe concert hall's rear -reflected re-verberation. In demo tapes used byAcoustic Research in the firm'sdemo room in New York's GrandCentral Station, the reverb effectwas noticeable and did indeed en-hance the sound. But is it worth allthe added expense and sophistica-tion?

Right now, the principal sourceof quad music is on four -channeltapes, and there are precious fewrecorders capable of playing thesetapes. Crown 3M Viking and Teacare the only firms currently pro-ducing such an animal. But fm

Continued on page 70

November, 1969-BM/E Circle 106 on Reader Service Card -I,

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FOCUS ON

CAlrJ.D. steps in asecond time for CATVIn late September, the FCC re-ceived its second communiqué ofthe year from the Justice Depart-ment on CATV policy.

Addressed to the presently aban-doned NAB/NCTA staff agree-ment, the 21 -page memorandumreemphasized a major point of theantitrust division's letter to theCommission last April on theCATV-Telco rulemaking-that theFCC should take steps assuringCATV's reaching its full potentialas a communications medium (seeBM/E, May, 1969, p. 6) And itspelled out at least two antitrustpositions that had only been im-plied in the letter-that both sug-gested and implemented cable tele-vision policies overprotect TVbroadcasters, and that CATVtransmission is inherently monop-olistic.

The department gave two rea-sons for formalizing its commentson an agreement that broadcastingand cable representatives hadstopped rehashing (see BM/E, Oc-tober, 1969, p. 70). It wrote thatthe compromise agreement con-tents "illustrate and encourage anumber of overly protectionist so-lutions to existing problems andwould thereby tend to limit seri-ously the competitive potential thatCATV offers to the public," andthat "the present draft might serveas the basis of further discussionsand subsequent agreement betweenthese two trade associations."

The J.D. cited two "general prin-ciples" that must be "achieved" inorder for CATV to reach its fullpotential: "Those who are actualor potential competitors of thefirms offering CATV system serv-ices should not control that system. . . and no restriction should beplaced on the offerings of a CATVsystem unless such a restriction isabsolutely essential to some clearlydefined public interest."

In saying that the agreement re-vealed broadcasters' and CATVoperators' interest in minimizingcompetition and protecting existingmarket power, the J.D. discussedwhat it called "four competitive is-sues of long range significance tothe development of CATV": The right of access to cable

systems of those wishing to dotheir own program origination. The proper role of restrictionson importation of distant signals. Interconnection among CATVsystems. The offering of other servicesto a community through a CATVsystem.

In concluding that program pro-ducers must have access to cablechannels, the J.D. said that "in acase of a CATV system, transmis-sion is the only element which isinherently monopolistic," and that"here, and here alone, duplicationwould be uneconomic." That op-eration of a system doesn't requireany control over programming isproven, wrote the J.D., by "thefact that the basic fare of a CATVsystem is the programming of un-related television stations."

Only minimal, market -by -mar-ket restrictions on importation ofdistant signals should be imposed,wrote the J.D. in its second dis-cussion. The department also re-peated here its charge of protec-tionism in saying, "It is clear . . .

that the NAB/NCTA agreementproposes to deal with the issue [ofan overall policy goal that 'un-necessary restrictions not be placedon the importation of distant sig-nals, or other programming, byCATV systems,'] in a backwards,and protectionist, manner. It offersa concept of 'adequate' televisionservice-not minimum service-todeal with the problem of distantsignal importation."

The J.D. went on to "urge theCommission not to sanction . . .

a prohibition" like the agreement'sagainst interconnection of CATVsystems. (The memo says that theissue is not "dealt with directly,"but instead "has been injected bythe general prohibition in the NAB/NCTA agreement against inter-connection . . . 'for the purpose ofdistributing entertainment typeprogramming.' ") The J.D. wrotethat such an interconnection "is apotential source of regional or evennational networks offering qualityprogramming alternatives to theexisting broadcast networks."

As for the last issue undertakenby the J.D., CATV nonentertain-ment services were strongly recom-mended.

Signed by Justice DepartmentAssistant Attorney General Rich-ard W. McLaren and attorneysDonald I. Baker, Daniel R. Hunterand Peter C. Carstensen, the memoclosed in saying that "the Com-

Continued on page 69Circle 114 on Reader Service Card

14 November, I 969-BM/E

CONVLN flONALCOLOR

The new Sony DXC-5000 video camera is amarvel of simplicity.

To begin with, it uses two tubes instead offour to produce a high -quality picture: onetube for luminance, the other to generate allthree color signals, red, green, and blue.

This saving in tubes alone might simplify theoperating problems, but the matter doesn't endthere. The DXC-5000 has completely automaticcolor temperature compensation and gain con-trol, which does away with all the endlessset-up procedures and readjustments called forby changes in light levels and color tempera-ture. Because of these automatic controls, anyone can learn how to operate the camera inabout three minutes (as opposed to six monthsfor a conventional color camera). And becausethis camera has relatively few parts, it's rea-sonably priced, extremely compact, and weighsa mere 29 pounds.

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And what are the DXC-5000's three controls?Vertical registration, horizontal registration,and electronic focusing. As many controls, itso happens, as it takes minutes to learn tooperate the camera.

We urge you to take a quick lesson at yourSony color video camera dealer.

SONY...,the better one

SONY CORPORATION OF AMERICA47-47 Van Dam St , Long Island City, New York 11101

November, 1969-13M/E Circle 107 on Reader Service Card 15

see It as It IS

and know it will stay that way! When you use BallBrothers Research Corporation's new TCB-14Rcolor broadcast monitor, you know your color is true-that what you're seeing, your viewers (and yourexacting program sponsors) are seeing. too.

Rare earth phosphors used in the 14 -inch CRTdisplay provide you with the truest colors possibletoday in a color monitor. Reds are really red -andflesh tones look like live flesh -not like muddybrown pancake make-up.

And once you have made yourcritical alignments -such as bal-ancing separate color cameras -the highly stable TCB-14R mon-itor locks on without drift, so youknow any change in color is theresult of misaligned signals fromother equipment -and not the

result of instability in your color monitor!The TCB- 14 R monitor is a unit only 1 0 1/2 by 19 by

18 inches that fits in your studio console in the spaceyou used for your black and white monitor -or in asmall amount of space in your mobile units. In eitherlocation, a,l-solid-state circuitry gives you mainte-nance -free reliability, day -in and day -out.

As an added feature, frequently -used controls areon the front panel -which pulls out to expose the

critical controls used in initial set-up and adjustment.

Get the same highly stable per-formance from your monitor youexpect from your cameras. Getthe Ball Brothers TCB-14 R. Forfull specifications, write to BallBrothers Research Corporation,Boulder, Colorado 80302.

16

BALL BROTHERS RESEARCH CORPORATION, BOULDER, COLORADO 80302SUBSIDIARY OF BALL CORPORATION


B139/1

November, I969-BM/E

INTERPRETING THE&

REGULATIONS

The Lottery Statute:Contests and Promotions

WITH MEMORANDUM Opinions and Orders' issuedJune 6, 1969, the Commission relieved three sta-tions of forfeitures assessed in letters dated Jan-uary 10, 1968. The forefeitures ($2000 againstboth WNEP-TV and WBRE-TV, and $1000 againstwmuu) resulted from violations of Section 1304of Title 18, United States Code, which prohibitsbroadcast of lottery information. The reason givenin the June 6 action for lifting the assessments wasthat there had been no prior judicial or Commis-sion decisions from which the licensees could rea-sonably have anticipated that their broadcasts vio-lated Section 1304. All three cases dealt with theissue of "consideration" in the contests promotedby the stations.

To constitute a lottery within the legal prohibi-tion, a promotional scheme must contain threeessential elements-a prize, whose winner ischosen by chance from a group of contestants whohave furnished consideration in order to be eligiblefor the prize. If the element of consideration isabsent from a scheme, it is not a lottery and thusavoids the prohibition of the section. To eliminatethis element from the contests, the Commissionsaid, "Nonpurchasing contestants must be able toobtain chances in the same places at the sametimes, and in the same number as purchasing con-testants, in a setting which does not otherwise en-courage a purchase." Since this was not the case inthe contests advertised on the three stations, theCommission assessed forfeitures for broadcastinglottery information. The result of the cases was toexpand the lottery rules somewhat, although theCommission decided it would not be appropriateto enforce the expanded interpretation of "con-sideration" against the three stations.

WM U U CaseWMuu broadcast the following commercial

announcement concerning a Pepsi -Cola "BottleCap" prize plan:

Pepsi is giving away 400 compact, portable tapemachines in Greenville, Spartanburg, Laurens, Un-ion and Cherokee Counties. If you're among thefirst 400 people to find the words 'transistor tapeplayer' under a Pepsi cap, you'll be the proudwinner of a tape player.

While paid chances were available wherever Pepsi-Cola was sold, free chances were available onlyfrom the local bottling company or local routesalesmen. The standard, however, is that free

1. FCC 69-608, FCC 69-609 and FCC 69-610.

chances must have "reasonable equal availability"with paid chances, and the Pepsi promotion didnot meet it. Nonpurchasing contestants must beable to obtain chances in tne same places at thesame times as purchasing contestants in a settingwhich does not otherwise encourage a purchase.Thus, in any "on -product" merchandise -sales pro-motion (where some chances are attached to theproduct and other chances are given free), "rea-sonably equally available" means that such freechances can be readily obtained from all or at leastmost of the customary retail outlets for such prod-ucts-such as grocery stores and supermarkets.

Although the licensee has a responsibility toreview announcements carefully for completenessand accuracy, the wmuu broadcast did not men-tion that free chances were available. Any an-nouncement of this kind of promotional schemeshould adequately describe the availability of freechances and the locations, times and manner inwhich they may be obtained. The Commissionfound that such cryptic phrases as "no purchasenecessary" or "nothing to buy" do not meet thisrequirement. Further, the way the operation iscarried out is as important as the way its rulesdescribe it. The licensee must therefore make cer-tain that the scheme is being carried out in accord-ance with the rules.

WNEP-TV and WBRE-TV CasesHere is an example of the promotions pre-

sented by WNEP-TV and WBRE-TV:

'I won $25.00 in cash.''I won $5.00 in cash.'Yes, you can win cash from Vaughn's bread. Lookfor the 'win cash' coupon in Vaughn's whitebread, in the thrifty king size, farm style and manymore. If the number on your coupon ends in oneor more zeros, you are a winner of up to $25.00 incash. Not only can you win cash but you'll enjoythe finest loaf of bread baked. Notice the firmtexture, taste the good flavor, taste the extrafreshness. No wonder Vaughn's bread is the No. 1favorite. It is good for you and your health, andnow, win cash. Choose Vaughn's bread and lookfor your lucky 'win cash' coupon. No purchasenecessary.

The Commission observed that participating gro-cers had been instructed to limit free coupons "oneto a customer," whereas Vaughn bread purchaserscould get as many coupons as they wanted by pur-chasing loaves of Vaughn's white bread. Also, theycould obtain the free coupon by requesting it. Inorder to remove the element of consideration in

November, I969-BM/E 17

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an "on -product," merchandise -sales promotionsuch as Vaughn's, the Commission held that thenumber of chances a nonpurchaser can obtainmust be reasonably equal to those available to apurchaser. In the Vaughn case, nonpurchasingparticipants could obtain only one chance, whereasthe purchaser could obtain any number of chances.Such a limitation unreasonably disadvantages thenonpurchasing contestant and does not eliminatethe element of consideration.

Conclusion

In most promotional schemes of this sortwhich have come to the Commission's attention,a provision was made for free chances to be dis-tributed at stores selling the product advertised.The supply of free chances, however, was oftenexhausted long before the distributor made hisnext delivery. It is the sponsor's responsibility tomake sure stores do not run out of free chances.And while an isolated incident is not fatal, theCommission has warned licensees that repeatedfailure of the sponsor or retail outlets to supplyfree chances will turn the scheme into a lottery.

Nonpurchasing contestants are disadvantagedin schemes allowing only one free chance to eachperson applying for it, while the purchaser mayget as many chances as he wants by buying theappropriate number of products, plus the one freechance. In order to eliminate the element of con-sideration, nonpurchasing and purchasing contest-ants must be able to get an approximately equalnumber of chances.

Licensees must exercise reasonable diligenceto make sure that promotions advertised overtheir facilities are not lotteries. The broadcastermay not always rely solely on the wording of theproposed advertisements or on other representa-tions of the advertiser. In order to assure himselfthat his facilities are not being used for unlawfulpurposes, he should take all reasonable steps tolearn whether the promotion in its actual opera-tion is being conducted as a lottery. Licenseesare also responsible for assuring themselves thatannouncements regarding such schemes are nototherwise false or misleading, and that the ad-vertisements provide an accurate description ofthe contest which sets forth the pertinent Rilesso that the public will not be misled. Finally, an-nouncement of a promotional scheme (which de-pends upon the reasonably equal availability offree chances) should adequately describe theavailability of such free chances and the locations,times and manner in which they may be obtained.Such cryptic messages as "no purchase necessary"or "nothing to buy" do not meet this requirement.

In view of the Commission's increased atten-tion to violation of the lottery rules (and the pos-sible stringent forfeitures that may result fromviolations), each broadcaster should scrutinizeall such promotions with extreme care, and whenquestions arise, consult expert counsel. BM/E

This section, providing broad interpretation of FCC rules andpolicies, does not substitute for competent legal counsel. Legaladvice on any given problem is predicated on the particular factsof each case. Therefore, when specific problems arise, youwould be well advised to consult your own legal counsel.


18 Circle 110 on Reader Service Card

ow..the Innovators

give yourTV movies

Plumbicon* color

'Trade Mark fottelevisioncamera tubes.

Norelco PCF 701:The only 3-Plumbiconfilm camera.

There's 80% of a PC -70 inside it.

Film chain color was never so good before. TheNorelco PCF-701 Color Film Camera gives all films,of any color balance, the color fidelity that the PC -70studio camera gives to prime -time shows!

Key reason: they're both basically the same ad-vanced camera. The PCF-701 is the only 3-Plumbiconcolor film camera. Like the PC -70, it's the colorstandard other cameras strive to match.

To get the most out of film, the PCF-701 also hasexclusive features the PC -70 doesn't. Examples: Theonly built-in Automatic Light Control. And a LinearMatrix unit that facilitates accurate reproduction.With any other color camera these are separateextras. Inconvenient. Expensive.

Also built in: a lazy-susan picture monitor on top,

The same Plumbicon tubesfor TV's truest -to -life color.

The same exclusive sealed-prism beam splitter.

The same solid-stateelectronics on inter-changeable circuit boards.

a side -mounted waveform monitor, plus drawer -mounted registration and operation panels. Signal -checking and set-up are easier. All controls andmonitors can be mounted separately in racks or con-soles if desired.

The PCF-701 has a multiplexer specifically de-signed for it...our PCM-800. With this combination,for the first time in color TV, slides can be superedover film on the same film island.

With its PC -70 inside, the PCF-701 is easily themost advanced color film camera available today. Ifyou already have a PC -70 outside, in your studio, it'seven better. Because you already have a completemaintenance set-up for the PCF-701.

Norelco's PCM-800 Multiplexer Is de-signed specifically for the PCF-701 FilrrCamera. Slides can be supered over filmon the same film island for the first timeIn color TV.

Norelcoturnkey mobile units

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The swing to Norelco for ready -to -go mobile vans,from 27 to 40 feet, is due in large part to the colorcamera capability of Philips Broadcast.

This is the home of the all-time star performer, theNorelco PC -70. It is the home of the PCP -70 "LittleShaver" portable camera, and the PCF-701 film chain-both close kin to the PC -70. Add to that the non -viewfinder PCB -701, and the new, digitally controlledPCP -90 "Minicam" portable, and you have an un-matched capacity for meeting television's demandsfor the highest quality and the utmost versatility.

All are Norelco 3-Plumbicon color cameras, withthe technology that has swept the industry. The mostwanted, most used, and most imitated color camerasin the world.

Since Philips Broadcast delivered its first turnkey40 -ft. color unit last year-ahead of schedule-other

forward -looking producers have turned to Norelcofor full vans as well as studios. This does not includethe scores of vans already using PC -70's.

For vans and studios-complete and ready tooperate-talk first with the innovators, the systemsmen from Norelco.

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Veni, Vidi, Vidicue(We came,we saw, we edited)

Hail Vidicue!

Our new Vidicue editing and con-trol systems have conquered majorVTR problems for both the broad-caster and production facility. TheVidicue features precise, econom-ical control of program and com-mercial construction ... while alsopresenting a highly sophisticated,computerized editing capability.

Moreover, Vidicue gives thebroadcaster the flexibility to logi-cally add to his basic system as hisrequirements inevitably increase.And for the production facility,Vidicue lets the editor perform ontape what he had only been able todo on film in the past due to costand technical restrictions.

How does Vidicue accomplishthis? Vidicue offers automaticsearch and cue, frame synchroniza-tion, and editor control of one, two,or three recorders (or more, ifdesired, on an optional basis). As auniversal editing system, it is de-signed to interface with any high -band broadcast recorder, qualityhelical, or servo -controlled, multi-channel audio recorder.

Four basic modes of operationare performed: Cue/Preview controlof a sngle machine. Sequential Editenabling the precise assembly ofscenes on the record tape from theplayback. Insert Edit of new materialinto a prerecorded tape. And aunique A B Roll that eliminates thenecessity of prerecorcing specialplayback tapes in proper sequence,thus saving a considerable amountof time and money.

Edit point entry is accomplishedfrom three sources - keyboard,tape, or computer. And Vidicue'ssimplified controls and graphicsimultaneous display of all editpoints make editing easy and savetime.

Want further information? Renderunto Datatron your request for adetailed specification brochuretoday. Or call us directly. We'llgladly lend you our ears.

Datatron Inc.1562 Reynolds AvenueSanta Ana, California 92705(714) 540-9330

Expanding Man's Capabilities With Data Timing Data Acquisition Systems Microelectronic Testing Broadcast Control

If you've been working with high -wattage incan-descent lamps (the big, fat type), you know how fasttheir lumen output drops off.

You know how drastically their color temperaturedrops.

Now you can do something about it. Replace themwith Sylvania tungsten -halogen lamps and get rid ofthe droop.

Tungsten -halogen lamps (they used to be calledquartz -iodine) don't blacken with age, so light outputand color temperature don't go into a slump. The colortemperature of our lamps is stable for the life of thelamp. Compare this with a drop of about 40% forthe fat incandescents.

This means you don't have to bother with constantadjustments of studio lighting or camera settings. Itmeans you can get constant color rendition on colorfilm and save money on print correction.

And that isn't all.Tungsten -halogen lamps have about twice the life

of regular incandescents. They can actually outlastthe fat ones 3 -to -1 (considering that you may be forcedto throw blackened lamps away before they've burnedout).

And just compare the size of the lamps.Instead of big, heavy glass balloons we give you slim

lamps that are easy to store and handle. For one as-signment (a TV special on the Taj Mahal) we wereable to pack all the lamps needed into two hand -carriedcases. It would have taken half a planeload of theold lamps.

fat incandescent skinny tungsten -halogen

The old lighting changeth,yielding place to the new.

We've developed a whole line of tungsten -halogenlamps for movie and TV studios and theaters. Wat-tages: 200, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10,000.You don't have to buy special fixtures; just plug theminto the same ones you're using today.

Our lamps cost more, but they're worth more.We can't say they never die, but they simply won't

fade away.For details write to: Sylvania Photolamp,

100 Endicott St. Danvers, Massachusetts 01923.

SYLVANIAGENERAL TELEPHONE & ELECTRONICS

November, I969-BM/ECircle 112 on Reader Service Card

25

METROTECHPROFESSIONALRECORDERSThe new 500-A Series relec's ticoncept that good desicr results infunctional simplicity. ThiE.,3am:iiedwith heavy duty constru:-ion aidcareful workmanship, has nadE Thesenew recorders outstardina periormers -assures you of dependable, ircuble-freeoperation and long life.

Metrotech Recorders, Reprodu:ersand Loggers - in networks an: majorstations everywhere.Write for complete information.

OMetrotech670 National AvenueMountain View, Califcrnia 9404CA Division Of Dictaphois

ETV/ ITV:A ProgressReportTo make an impact on the quality ofAmerican education and American life isa yearning of every educational broad-caster. Success lies in giving up doing one'sown thing-unless that thing is coopera-tion. Part I discusses ITV; Part II, PTV.

Part IMake or Borrow in ITV?

HURL ARE HUNDREDS Ofresearch reports availableproving that instructionaltelevision is as good asconventional classroomteaching. Rarely has itbeen found to be sig-nificantly better.

If a qualified class-room teacher isn't avail-able, a TV teacher is anatural fill-in, but sub-stitute teaching by TVoccurs only at the col-lege level. Presumably in

elementary and secondary schools, any teacher isbetter than a TV instructor.

ITV is rarely used as a core component of thelearning system; its chief use has to be classedsupplemental or enrichment.

Even as an enrichment source, ITV hasn't reallyscored since the productions are often mediocre tobad. ITV in 1969 hasn't proven itself as a sure-firemedium for improving instructional effectiveness. Itoften just doesn't turn kids on.

VTR is Effective Too!

ITV can be powerful though, as two recent usesinvolving video tape recorders demonstrate. Witha VTR, teachers who try doing an ITV presentationcan see how bad they really are while the kids canaim the camera at each other and discover them-selves. In both cases, this experience is eye-opening.The event of self-discovery can lead to self -under-standing and self-improvement. Father John Culkinof Fordham University sees portable VTR -cameraequipment affording a new means of self-expression,the full value of which is just beginning to becomeclear.

As a tool for the professional to improve educa-tion, ITV has primarily shown up how poor oramateurish the professionals really are. Actually,many ITV productions are fascinating only to thosewho make them. At last year's NAEB, Dr. WilliamLybrand of the American University said that cot-tage -type productions have got to go. The product

4- Circle 113 on Reader Service Card

Broad planning and loin, efforts went into NIT's videotapeprogram on allementary physical education which stressesbasic movements. Concepts promise to reform curriculum.

ETV=PTV+ITV=VTR (mostly)

Four Ampex VR-2000 video tape recorders at KCET, Los Angeles, are used for delayed playback of west coast NET shows.

Educational television (ETV) is now defined asbeing made up of public television (PTV) viewedin the home and formal instructional television(ITV) viewed in the classroom.

The video tape recorder is common to andsynonymous with both. Some ITVs functionwithout cameras and transmitters, but all in-stallations use the VTR. Although there is now anationwide interconnected system for ETV, theVTR still plays a vital role in delaying action soprograms originating in the east all appear atidentical local times.

PTV stations on the air in 1969 numbered180. According to NAEB's Division of Educa-tional Television Stations, 18 more will soon goon the air. Slightly more than half of the output

of these stations is beamed to the home; a littleless than half is directed at schools. On the av-erage, these stations broadcast 56 hours perweek. School systems that were broadcasting oninstructional channels only (2500 MHz, ITFS)numbered 150, filling 400 channels as of July.Ninety-four additional systems totalling 220channels have been authorized.

During a week, at least 12- to 13 -millionhome TV sets are tuned at least once to a PTVstation. Some 2,963 elementary and secondaryschools and 1,211 institutions of higher learningare equipped to receive TV according to the Na-tional Compendium of Televised Education, Vol.15, with some 6,640,000 students viewing tele-vision for some part of their formal education.

of a local group most often isn't good, Dr. Lybrandcharged. He saw the need for cooperative productionamong regional or state centers.

Trouble is most schools see themselves as unique;they think that they have special math or languageproblems because of the nature of their particularcommunity. Maine's problems are presumed not tobe the same as Mississippi's; hence, each schoolthinks it must do its own. This produces regionalbudget splitting, and far less money and effort goesinto a TV lesson than a 30- or 60 -second commercialspot. TV -reared children know this and are motivatedto memorize advertising jingles rather than spellingrules or multiplication tables.

Fortunately for students, the trend is turningfrom "make" to "borrow" and those who surviveon the make -and -lease end are those with a proventrack record-such as the productions coming out

of the Denver school system, and available fromthe Great Plains library.

Joint Effort at NIT

Most significant evidence of a joint -effort trendis the consortium cooperating with the NationalInstructional Television Center (NIT) at Blooming-ton, Indiana, to produce a TV series on early child-hood development. This group includes individualstations, state education associates and a Canadianprovince.

The early childhood education project, whichis now in production, came about after two yearsof assessing existing television efforts. A first stepwas to develop production guidelines.

The consortium, which numbers 13* educationaland television organizations, will provide financial


and advisory support for programming production.Never before has such a large unified effort beenundertaken in school television in the United States.In the past, the practice has traditionally been oneof overwhelming duplication of effort around thecountry as dozen of producers with minimum bud-gets all were doing pretty much the same thing.

Robert Fox, NIT's director of instructional de-velopment, who organized the consortium, says thegroup is highly important because "it provides ade-quate intellectual and production resources to cap-ture the potential of television." Working alone, nogroup could accomplish as much.

Early Childhood Development

The series is being developed around the mostcurrent educational concepts of early childhooddevelopment. Programs, called "encounters," willdepict the actual conditions a child finds in hisenvironment. The series is designed for use at thekindergarten and first -grade levels. NIT plans todistribute the series of 36 encounters to the nation'sschools for use in the fall of 1970.

Chief content consultant for the series is Dr.Rose Mukerji, associate professor of early childhoodeducation at Brooklyn College of the City Universityof New York. Continuing national consultants forthe project are: Dr. Milton Akers, executive directorof the National Association for the Educationof Young Children; Dr. Elizabeth Ann Liddle, di-rector of the Graduate Division, Wheelock College;and Mrs. Bertha Campbell of the Bureau of ChildDevelopment and Parent Education in the New YorkState Department of Education.

The childhood series will get national use becauseit was designed to meet the objectives of manyeducators. Ed Pfister of NIT says the main thrustof NIT for the past four years has been to developjust such quality productions. Broad usage will comepartly since surveys show the national need forcertain programs, and partly because of the high -quality production effort put into the programs.

For the 1969-70 school year, NIT has releasedits first series of tapes that are the result of broadresearch, expert planning and production. The seriescovers elementary physical education and promisesto promote extensive curriculm reform in this area.It stresses basic movements, which are essentialbefore attempting the more complex skills neededfor athletics and dancing. In many schools, elemen-tary physical education has not been much morethan the usual morning exercise of jumping andclapping hands. The new series uses a superior on -camera teacher who provides an acceptable modelfor other teachers.

Second Subject Series

Now underway is a series on art, music andsocial studies. The content for these was formulated

Consortium members are: Educational Television Association ofMetropolitan Cleveland, Ohio (WVIZ-TV); State of Florida De-partment of Education; Georgia Department of Education, ETVServices; Iowa Educational Network; Kentucky Educational Tele-vision Network; The Northern Virginia Educational TelevisionAssociation; Educational Television Branch of the Ontario De-partment of Education (Canada); The Pennsylvania State Univer-sity, licensee of WPSX-TV; WSBE-TV, Rhode Island State Boardof Education; State of Tennessee, Department of Education;Vermont Educational Television Network; WETA School Televi-sion Service, Washington, D.C.; and NIT.

only after planning meetings which involved manyexperts on various subject areas from diverse schools.

The next subjects to be investigated will includeelementary foreign languages, language arts, math-ematics and science education.

MPATI, Inc., which evolved from the MidwestProgram on Airborne Television Instruction, pro-vides another example of a centralized productionsource. MPATI, located at Purdue University, de-signs and produces ITV materials for its memberswhich come from the six states involved in thelive airborne transmissions-Illinois, Indiana, Ken-tucky, Michigan, Nebraska and Ohio. MPATI alsoacts as a library and makes its tapes available toany school or ETV station. During 1968-69, over90 ETV facilities in 31 states, including eight statenetworks, contracted to lease more than 290 tapesof some 31 courses.

New offerings for 1969-70, according to MPATI'sBill Fagan, include a series on art, composition,economics, music and typewriting. One of the largestvideo tape libraries is the Great Plains NationalInstructional TV Library. Although Great Plains hasno production facilities, it has a three -shift dupli-cation service and is very active in acquiring anddistributing video tapes produced by the better inde-pendent school producers. Thus, Great Plains alsois aiding and abetting a shift from do-it-yourselfto use what's available. This last year some 42 seriesfrom Great Plains were broadcast on 103 ETVstations and 4 ITFS systems in 33 states. Theserepresent about a 10 percent increase over theprevious year.

Paul Schupbach of Great Plains doesn't believethat ITV will thrive with only a few national pro-duction centers. He sees instead a vital role beingplayed by a number of school systems. Teacher talentwill be found in schools, not national productioncenters, and no schools have a monopoly on thebest TV teachers, according to Schupbach. Thoselarger school systems which have a strong back-ground in producing interesting TV material willcontinue to do so, in Schupbach's opinion. BM/E

Part IIPTV Gets to the Public

THE CONSERVATIVEMOOD that has seeminglyswept the country hascramped PTV. NAEBreports that a number ofETV stations have hadto operate with less fund-ing in 1969 than in pre-vious years. Lack offunds curbs both equip-ment and program ex-penditures.

HEW currently hasrequests from 90 educa-tional broadcasters asking

for $28 -million in matching grants for equipment.Last year, only $4.2 -million was paid out. As ofOctober 1, no funds have been appropriated for the1970 fiscal year.

The Corporation for Public Broadcasting corn -


Programs Distributed by ETS/PS

The world of skid row was probed by KVIE.

POT poin-ri: the Many Views of Mari.uana, on KCET.

Drugs in the Tenderloin, produced by KQED.

The programs distributed by ETS/PS cover amyriad of subjects according to ETS' KarenRosenberg. "Cancion de Raza" is a bilingualdramatic serial showing the day-to-day problemswhich Mexican -Americans hying in the "barrio"of Los Angeles encounter in their search for abetter life (KCET, Los Angeles). Maya Angelouserves as hostess on "Blacks, Blues, Black!"-a demonstration of the history, heritage, andhabits of blacks and how black mores and valueshave been preserved and assimilated into oursociety (KQED, San Francisco). "Potpourri: TheMany Views of Marijuana," gives the hard facts

--social and economic-of marijuana and itsimpact on contemporary society, along with sa-tirical essays, a picture history of the use of theplant, and panel discussions (KCET, Los An-geles).

For all ages, how -to -do -it programs, such as"Folk Guitar," are offered covering beginning,intermediate, and advanced guitar playing plusbeginning autoharp, banjo and recorder withLaura Weber. The "Folk Guitar" series is theETS/PS all-time high; so far, 124 stations havebooked this series (KQED, San Francisco). Theviewer adventures into the mysteries of Chinesecooking on "Joyce Chen Cooks;" the inimitableThalassa Cruso, the flower lady of Television,concentrates on different aspects of gardeningand offers many tips for the would-be owner ofa green thumb (WGBH, Boston).

"The Toy that Grew up," a nostalgic series ofsilent films shown in their entirety with informa-tive commentary and authentic background mu-sic, is a favorite among the educational televisionstations (WTTW, Chicago). On a more modernslant, "Critique," a new series devoted to thepresentation and critical analysis of contemporaryworks in the arts and humanities, is offered(WNDT, New York City). Among the many musi-cal programs distributed by the Service is "NorthIndian Music," a concert on sitar by NikhilBanerjee, part of a series on Indian Music pro-duced by San Francisco's KQED. This year aspecial holiday program, "Circle of Lights," isbeing offered to the stations. Pete Seeger andhis friends pay homage to the holiday seasonin a song fest (WGBH, Boston).

More than three-quarters of the stationscapable of program production have submittedprogram proposals under one or more of thethree program production projects sponsored byETS / PS.

A 1966 Public Health Service contract ad-ministered by ETS/PS resulted in local stationdevelopment of programs on the smoking andhealth problem. Anti -smoking announcementswere produced by WGBH, Boston, and the HawaiiETV Network has produced a program. "TheMark Waters Story," starring Richard Boone,which will be in ETS/PS distribution shortly.

An ETV Award Project for station productionof new program ideas has been conducted an-nually since 1965 under a grant from the Read-er's Digest Foundation. From these original ideascame such diverse programs as "Drugs in theTenderloin," a hard-hitting documentary dealingwith life in San Francisco's Tenderloin districtwhich has become the ultimate refuge for drugusers (KQED, San Francisco); "Comment," anoriginal modern ballet based on reaction to formand space at the 1964 Pittsburgh InternationalExhibition of Contemporary Painting and Sculp-ture (WQED, Pittsburgh); and "The Marshes of'Two' Street," an artistically done productiondedicated to man's search for his own place andidentity in the world-a probe of the world ofskid row by talking with its inhabitants to expandan understanding of these people.


mitted its initial $7 -million to a variety of PTVprojects in 1969. It is seeking $20 -million fromCongress for next year. Should $20 -million beavailable, PTV will have a few more dollars withwhich to prove itself.

Contrary to the bent in ITV circles to cut thenumber of production sources, CPB's charter re-quires it to increase the number of centers that canproduce programs for the public.

As a consequence, each PTV station got anoutright grant of $10,000 (not all of which wasspent on programming). Further, some $500,000in grants was offered on a competitive basis to localstations for the best ideas for programs that couldbe produced locally but shown nationally. Some 13stations won these grants (such as Ford's recent grantof $750,000 for a Public Broadcast Service newsventure). CPB funds plus Ford funds should help(although Ford's help may decline if foundationslose tax benefits). Many, however, feel PTV has. along way to go to make any real impact. Last yearPTV spent about $65 million compared to commer-cial TV's $2.2 billion.

Prior to CPB's input, most of the PTV programsthat got national distribution were produced byNational Educational Television and its affiliates.NET was almost entirely dependent on Ford Foun-

dation Funds. CPB also granted $100,000 to KQED,San Francisco, to establish the first National Centerfor Experiments in Television

To bring the results of these inputs to a widerpublic, most PTV stations are now interconnectednationally two hours each evening and three hourson Wednesday evening-as a result of help fromCPB, Ford Foundation and AT&T. Deciding whatgoes on the NET net calls for a major cooperativeeffort. NET administers the PTV net via an InterimInterconnection Committee made up of the cooperat-ing stations and regional networks. Determiningwhat programs preempt other programs by commit-tee is a hairy business, as might be imagined. Thoseinvolved are quick to admit that there must be abetter way.

It's a sad fact that not all stations can as yetcount on an interconnection (a public TV eventmay be preempted by a higher priority telephonemessage). The hope is that current problems will beresolved by the end of the year.

National Exchange Service

A cooperative program accompanied by lessstress and strain is the ETS/Program Service.ETS/ PS is the central agency for the national ex-

Youngsters discover themselves with Ampex porfab'e VTR and camera at Aravelo's School, Huntington Beach, Calif.


What is Videospace?Coined by Brice Howard, Director of the NationalCenter for Experiments in Television at KQED(TV)San Francisco, videospace is an esthetic televi-sion production technique.

Much of television production has its rootsin movies, radio and the stage, because all earlyTV directors came from those three media. Ac-cording to Howard, videospace is pure television,without following the conventions of movies,radio or the stage.

The first videospace production was sched-uled to appear November 6, 1969, on NET Play-house. The drama is entitled "Heimskringla!" or"The Stoned Angels," and concerns the discoveryof North America by Leif Ericson. It was directedby Tom O'Horgan (producer of Broadway's"Hair") and performed by Ellen Stewart's LaMama Troupe of Greenwich Village.

Howard has worked for two years with artiststo develop the techniques used in videospace.In most television, he says, you are concernedwith what's happening in front of the lens. Butwhat of the face of the camera tube, where lightis converted to electron movement? Pure televi-

sion is two-dimensional, confined to a 4 -to -3rectangle. In videospace you accept that condi-tion and work within it, rather than trying tomirror or copy the stage. Videospace is notphotographic, Howard says; it is videographicand something I:ke painting with electrons.

Specific technical examples include cappingthe lens of a studio color camera and rockingbeam focus; turning off one or more of the colorguns or shifting color phase artificially; usingboth fixed and variable time delays for certainareas of the picture and more conventionaleffects like Chromakey and supers. Sometimes ablack -burst generator is deliberately punched upon air or mixed with other signals.

Sound plays a part in videospace, too, as theaudio channel may or may not complement thepicture. Howard calls the control room a "mixingcenter." He reports that the technicians are atfirst annoyed at doing things which go againsttheir training, and must have patience to becomeaccustomed to using videospace techniques.Often a sequence is not edited, but taped andaired in its entirety.

change of locally -produced PTV programs that don'tget on the interconnected NET. ETS/PS is locatedon the Indiana University campus and is operatedby the Indiana University Foundation in cooperationwith the ETS division of NAEB. Its original fundingcame from the National Home Library Foundationand the W. W. Kellogg Foundation. It is now almostself-sustaining.

NET orgy-no violence, but plenty of corruption in recentproduction, "The History of Frivolity."

The ETS/ PS Program Selection Committee,made up of program executives of major stations,screens possibilities several times a year and decideswhat will be available for distribution. Tape duplica-tion is prepared by the Indiana University Radio -TVService and distribution is handled by the IndianaUniversity Audio -Visual Department.

The service is growing rapidly. During the pastfiscal year, ETS/ PS accepted 402 new programs fordistribution. As of June 30, 1969, the service had1130 programs available. The quantity and qualityof locally produced programs has been increasingeach year.

During the 1968-1969 fiscal year, 119 users-representing the 180 stations (including double -channel stations, entire state networks, etc.)-booked programs from ETS/PS. Each station used(on the average) 3.36 programs or just under twohours of programming per week.

Some of the most popular series have been puton the NET interconnection. Washington Week inReview and Book Beat are examples, although theformer is now distributed directly by NET. BookBeat is distributed via the net but many stationstape it for delayed rebroadcast. A bimonthly Pro-gramming Report is prepared by ETS/PS to ex-change ideas or innovate local production.

ETS/PS will, according to the organization'sRobert Reed, undertake additional activities in thecoming year. The Board of Directors changed thename of the service in late September to the Na-tional Public Television Program Library, and au-thorized stepped -up activities in national distribution.This includes acquiring programs from existing pub-lic television libraries including those overseas. TheNPTPL will also undertake to serve as a stimulatorby encouraging stations and regional programmersto prepare material for national distribution. Thenew NPTPL will strive to get pertinent timely pro-gramming on the interconnection NET. BM/E


Rack of WC 800 VTRs are four of the 12 video sources available to South Florida U. students.

Dial-a-ProgramHelps Studies

installed threetems.

ALTHOUGH DIAL -AC-CESS video retrieval haslong been regarded asan educational panacea,relatively few schoolsand colleges across thecountry actually have aworking system. ChesterElectronics (Chester,Connecticut), is one ofthe prime innovators inthe field and has re-cently engineered and

bellwether dial -access video sys-

University of South Florida. Probably the largestand most sophisticated dial operation in thecountry is at the University of South Florida inTampa. The university's learning lab is locatedin the College of Education building and has 130carrel -type student positions. Each student posi-tion has access to 188 audio program sources.Fifty positions permit dial access to 12 videoprogram sources.

Chester designed the initial system with fourInternational Video Corporation IVC-800 video

11111111111

Several educational institutions are usingmassed information retrieval techniquesfor dial -access TV viewing by students.General acceptance and use by the studentbodies involved seems high, and educatorsare looking forward to widespread use.

tape recorders, two 16mm film chains and oneslide chain. Live television is also availablethrough the system.

Unusual in the dial -access audio systemis a feature designed in cooperation with GeneralTelephone that lets students hear the same 188audio program sources at home. Using his hometelephone, a student may dial a switchboardoperator who connects him directly to a programsource that starts playing the requested material.A missed lecture, a poetry reading, secretarialpractice in shorthand or five different languagesare just a few of the programs that can be moni-tored this way.

According to Dr. Gerhard Eichholz, Directorof the Division of Educational Resources, "TheLearning Lab is an unqualified success at theUniversity of South Florida. Both students andfaculty seem to grasp the potential of dial -accessteaching immediately.

"Ours is probably one of the larger learninglabs in existence and it's really just a start. I

believe we will eventually have dial -access audioand video retrieval in every classroom and dor-mitory study location. I also feel that the day willcome soon when students will both hear and viewcourse material in their homes through present

November, I969-BM/E 33

Florida students use individual carrels, can dial program material wanted from 12 sources.

commercial telephone equipment," Eichholz ad-ded.

The Florida learning lab operates in conjunc-tion with the university television station, WUSF-TV, and the radio station, WUSF-FM. In additionto purchased video tapes and films and tape pre-pared specifically for dial -access use, the completeWUSF-TV video tape library is available for usein the dial -access system. A video tape may bedubbed from the TV station's two-inch formatto the IVC one -inch format and made availableto students in less than a day. Radio programsare also available at the request of students andfaculty.

SIDAC (Serial Identification Access Code) isan unusual control feature in the system thatpermits up to ten programs on a single one -hourvideo tape to be immediately dial -accessible. Theequipment scans, locates and plays program ma-terial in less than 15 seconds. SIDAC was de-veloped by Chester Electronics for use with IVCvideotape recorders.

Eichholz estimates that 3000 to 4000 studentsper week will be exposed to the dial -access sys-tem during the next school year. Total enrollmentat the university is 15,000. Program materialranges from the Columbia Broadcasting System's"Twenty -First Century" to English grammar andcomputer programming.

The University of South Florida's learning

lab is still in the development stage. By nextMarch, students will have access to seven morevideo sources, including an additional IVC video-tape recorder. Eichholz is now negotiating withGeneral Telephone for experimental use of theuniversity's Centrex system to allow students athome to dial directly to audio program materialwithout going through a switchboard operator.

Hinds Junior College. Hinds Junior College inRaymond, Mississippi, is one of the few educa-tional institutions in the country to make availableinternally produced color video tapes through itsdial -access system.

Ewin Gaby, Director of the educational medialab, said, "In that the college science departmentis one of the most active users of our services,we feel that color has to be an important elementin our dial -access video system. In addition, moststudents are oriented to color and it makes videotape a more effective communications tool."

Hinds currently has 10 video retrieval posi-tions located in three campus buildings. Fourvideo -equipped carrels and two large -screen TVreceivers are in the library and there are twolarge lecture halls with color receivers in the finearts building and other receivers in the sciencebuilding.

Video sources are located in the library build-ing which is connected to the fine arts and science


buildings via cable. Sources include three IVC-800C color videotape recorders, two 16mm filmchains and one slide chain. One-third of theprogram material is on video tape produced bythe college, one-third is on film purchased fromoutside sources and the remaining third is takendirectly off the air.

As Hinds' video dial -access system is stillunder development, only four carrels are presentlyavailable for student use. However, the existingsetup is substantially expanded through use oflarge -screen color receivers at the front of thecarrel room. The audio portion of the program istransmitted to the student via earphones at hiscarrel. In the classroom, audio is transmitted byloudspeaker. Within the next few months, fivepositions will be installed in the academic buildingand eventually at least half of the classroom oncampus will have access to the video retrievalsystem.

Hinds produces its color videotapes on cam-pus using a Bell & Howell (IVC) convertiblefilm chain/studio television camera. Program ma-terial is recorded on a master video-tape and thendubbed to an IVC format tape. The Hinds videodial-access system was also designed and engi-neered by Chester Electronics.

Says Gaby, "We used an unusual approachin developing our system. We didn't start bypurchasing equipment and molding the system toit. Instead, we asked our instructors what courselearning objectives they considered important andwhat types of learning experiences they felt werenecessary to achieve the objectives. From thesereactions, we specified equipment best suitedto implement these experiences. The result is thatthe faculty makes maximum use of our servicesand we're always busy."

Eastern Montana College. Eastern Montana Col-lege's Remote Access -Instructional Learning Sys-tem (RAILS) is in operation for the first timethis year. Initially it includes 60 positions (10video) and 66 program sources (10 video).

The positions include study carrels, studyrooms, offices and classrooms. Video receptionis accomplished by both monitors and video pro-jectors. Audio program sources include audio tapedecks, off -air a -m and fm tuners, record playersand live microphones. Video sources include twomonochrome IVC-800 videotape recorders, oneslide chain and one film chain. The system alsoprovides off -the -air television, cable television,live inputs and other sources.

Doug Nixon, college audio-visual director,said, "We designed our system for maximum ex-pandability, in that we expect it to be used as ateaching aid for just about every course offeredat Eastern Montana College. Of our 3,800 stu-dents, we anticipate 20 to 25 percent will haveexposure to dial -access video in the first year. Inour second year of operation, we expect the per-centage to jump to 60 to 70 percent. Provisionhas also been made for future inclusion of com-puter -assisted instruction." BM/E

nk of 198 audio recorders provide multitude of telephore.retrievable programs.

Switchboard handles outside calls for audio dial -access pro-grams in Florida.


Operators monito- SURGE proq-am that originates live in claroom for taping on 18 Ampex 5100 helical VTRs.

Colorado's SURGE intoETV has connected both on and off campus at Colorado State University. It's being ca-bled into 33 classrooms for about 10,000 students taking more than 80 courses via tele-vision. And thanks to the engineering college dean's brainstorming, it's started stoppingup gaps between university, junior college and industry curricula with video tape-forone -tenth the cost of live CCTV programs.

COLORADO STATE Uni-versity got into educa-tional television offi-cially in April, 1965,with two video tapedcourses. Things didn'treally take off, how-ever, until the next year,when Dr. Lionel V.Baldwin, dean of theCollege of Engineering,started brainstorming agraduate program via

video tape for technical people working in indus-try more than 60 miles away from the CSUcampus. Known as SURGE (State UniversityResearch in Graduate Education), the plan hasestablished a mutually beneficial liaison betweenthe two unlike communities, and has recentlyinspired the university's second off -campus venturein ETV, called CO -TIE (Cooperation via Tele-vised Instruction in Education). But this time,the academicians are using video tape to close aneducational gap between the like -but -separate

communities of the junior college and the uni-versity.

SURGE

When SURGE started with the help of a$26,800 National Science Foundation grant in thefall of '67, 198 students from seven companiesenrolled in four courses. Students were attractedfrom the community of about 9500 techniciansthat had been massing since 1960 on the easternslopes of the Rockies in metropolitan Denver.Students represented firms like Hewlett-Packard,IBM, Eastman Kodak and Monsanto, which hadrelocated in the area. Last year, nearly 1000 stu-dents enrolled in 130 sections of 40 courses at 14different locations in Colorado; about 100 of themare planning to complete the SURGE programand obtain their M.S. degrees in atmosphericscience, civil, electrical, industrial and mechanicalengineering. Many students are just interested inthe program's courses in business, psychology andphysics, for which regular university credit isoffered. Most participating companies are said to


Students watch monitors while professor changes slide in overhead camera and VTRs

pay course charges (the same as on campus-$11per credit hour) for students as long as theymaintain an average of C or better. Using videotape cuts company costs to one -tenth of liveCCTV program charges.

SURGE programs originate live in CSU class-rooms and are hand -carried every night at 7 fromthe campus to industry plants ranging from Col-orado Springs to Cheyenne, Wyoming. Communi-cation among professors and off -campus studentsis effected either through special telephone hook-ups at scheduled times, occasional visits by in-structors to SURGE sites, or most frequently bycouriers, who also deliver exams, quizzes and thesame supplementary lecture material that studentsreceive on campus. Off -campus locations usuallyuse tapes two days after receipt. At the university,the tapes are usually erased and reused-no"canned" tape libraries are kept.

With SURGE an apparent success, the engi-neering college again took the lead in a secondETV project in fall, 1968. Dubbed CO -TIE,

hum next door.

the program is a collaboration between CSUand six junior colleges that CSU started by deliver-ing one video tape of a sophomore electricalengineering class each academic quarter. Thejoint goal is to strengthen preengineering coursesand to help alleviate in junior colleges the shortageof teachers qualified to prepare students forupperclass programs they would find at a full-fledged university. Participating junior collegesinclude at this time: Mesa, Otero Junior College,Arapahoe Junior College, Trinidad State JuniorCollege, Fort Lewis College and NortheasternJunior College at Colorado. Spokesmen say thatit's too early to generalize CO -TIE results.

Responsible for coordinating TV productionat the university is the office of educational media,located in a new, $2.8 million, pie -shaped socialsciences building with room for 2500 students.According to Preston Davis, director of the com-munications nerve center, ETV exists at CSUmore for professors than students; at least it isn'tused merely to handle large numbers of students

November, I 969-BWE 37

In plant classrooms like this one at Hewlett-Packard, Love-land, playback difficulties have been less than 6.05 percent.

CSU Scores AgainColorado State University has added a new di-mension to its work in ETV. In early October,Dr. Lionel Baldwin, the engineering dean whopioneered CSU work with video tape educationon and off campus, and Dr. Donald Dobler, deanof business, proposed a plan that could lead theuniversity into live ETV experimentation. Thedeans suggested that the university arid Colo-

radio industry form a nonprofit corporationcalled SCORE-State of Colorado Organizationfor Renewal Education-to provide regular CSUundergraduate and graduate courses throughoutthe state via microwave or cable.

SCORE would make factory and techmciantraining at the job site feasible and credit andnoncredit courses transmitted live or by videotape at either end of the system more than possi-ble, according to Dr. Baldwin. "The possibilitiesare truly staggering," he said.

"The possibility of live broadcast makes thisproposal more ambitious from an investmentstandpoint than the SURGE program," said Ray-mond Demere Jr., general manager of Hewlett-Packard's Loveland division. The company wasamong the first major Colorado industries toreceive a review copy of the 40 -page proposal.

at once. "Our goal is to improve the quality ofinstruction and the efficiency of the staff at theuniversity," he says. For its on -campus work inETV, the university has used over 4200 feet ofrf cable so that 12 different programs can be seensimultaneously in 33 classrooms; 14 additionalvideo channels provide more distribution to the11 learning center classrooms and three remotelocations. The university works in volume nowbecause about 10,000 students are enrolled inmore than 80 courses run by television.

Two classrooms on the second and thirdfloors are equipped for cabling lectures to campusclassrooms. Completely in charge, the professorcan manipulate three Norelco cameras-one over-head for showing transparencies or other visualaids, one at the front for viewing students andone at the rear for following the professor. Theclass views the visual aid on two monitors andasks questions into microphones at each desk.Actual recording is monitored in the basement'steleproduction center, where three Ampex VR-1100s and 18 Ampex VR-5100s record thesession for future dubbing. A room adjacent to thetwo studios contains 52 Ampex broadcast andclosed circuit video tape recorders to record andreproduce tapes for SURGE and CO -TIE. In a 10 -week period last year the off -campus programsaccounted for the production of 2850 tapes.

Besides cabling and videotaping lectures forcampus and off -campus programs, the mediadepartment has also used its facilities for privateeducational use. Hewlett-Packard, for instance,recently underwrote the cost of a videotapeentitled, "Low -Frequency Network Analysis."

The university kept the future in mind whenit designed the classroom studios-each camerain its film chain can be used for remote assign-ments where TV programs are transmitted bymicrowave to one of the VR-1100s. Besideshopes for remote assignments by microwave anda video van in the future, the university expectsto convert the recording to EIA instead of randomscanning and to provide each classroom with asplit screen generator. Also targeted are a Ph.D.program and two more studios.

Like most ETV ventures, the future of thisuniversity's programs depends on money; nowthat the National Science Foundation grant is up,programs are financed from general funds andstudent tuition. The only sure thing for the comingyear is renewed support for SURGE from lastyear's participating industries. Hewlett-Packardrecently sent CSU a grant for SURGE as anindication of its enthusiasm for the program.Since HP's Loveland division is only 13 milesaway from CSU's Fort Collins campus and sincethe company offers its own M.B.A. program, Hew-lett-Packard isn't renewing SURGE for conven-ience and low-cost features only. Management hasbeen pleased with the program enough to hopeSURGE becomes a statewide program. First stepin that direction may be a like program startedearly this year with a Hewlett-Packard grant toColorado University in Boulder, Colorado. BM/ E

38 Circle 116 on Reader Service Card for Conrac insert

CONRACBroadcast. Television Equipment

OFF -AIR

RECEIVERS

GENERAL

PURPOSE

DISPLAYS

TUBE TYPE

ACCESSORIES

AUDIO -VIDEO RECEIVER

Model AV12E/AV82E

8 -INCH DISPLAYS

CNB8 Series

14 -INCH DISPLAYS

Models CKD14, CLD14

11- & 23 -INCH DISPLAYS

CVB11, CVB23 Series

25 -INCH DISPLAY

Model CEA25

Designed for off -air monitoring, video recording,or re -broadcast applications, Conrac's AV12E andAV82E supply composite video and separate audiofrom modulated RF signals. Available for crystalcontrolled single channel VHF, 12 -channel selec-tion VHF, or VHF/ UHF operation. Furnished inrack hanger for mounting in standard 19" rack,7" high, 12-1/ 16" deep.

The CNB series 8 -inch television displays arehigh performance, broadcast quality units de-signed for continuous duty operation in broadcast,industrial and computer generated signal appli-cations. The CNB8's are available in a portablecarrying case, dual rack -mount and chassismodels. Rack mounts fit standard 19" racks,using only 10-1/2" of vertical space, with avariety of front panels permitting installation ofother equipment.

Conrac's CKD and CLD 14 -inch displays are de-signed for continuous operation, with minimummaintenance, in broadcast studio, industrial andcomputer generated signal applications. 10mHzvideo response and total power regulation assuresan extremely stable display. CKD14 is in a port-able cabinet, CLD14 is a rack mount unit, takingup only 10-1/ 2" of vertical rack space.

The CVB series are 17 -and 23 -inch industrialdisplays with 10mHz video response, total powerregulation, differential input to minimize hum onlong cables. 17 -inch models are available in chas-sis, cabinet or rack mount (19" rack, 17" high,18" deep) models; 23 -inch in cabinet, ceiling orpedestal mounts, ideal for audience and class-room viewing, public information displays.

A large screen unit for audience viewing andpublic information displays, the CEA25 is a mono-chrome industrial display designed to give profes-sional quality pictures in high ambient light areas.lOrrHz video response, total power regulation,differential input to minimize hum on long cables,bonded and etched safety shield to minimizespecular reflections, locking trapdoor to preventtampering with operating controls. A compactunit for use where cabinet styling and picturestability are important.Shown: Model CEA25/Y with speaker and pedestal mount.

Speaker Enclosures: 3" x 14" extended range speakers for field mounting to 23" and 25" displays.

Pedestal Mounts: Permit installation of monitors to a permanent mounted base or portable base,for mounting 17", 19", 21", 23", 25" displays.

Ceiling Mounts: For suspending monitors with standard 11/2" pipe, for mounting 17", 19", 21", 23" displays.

Rack Slides: Generally available for any unit that will physically fit within a standard 19" rack.

Dolly: Three -wheel dolly, used in conjunction with pedestal mounts.

GENERAL

11

PURPOSE

DISPLAYS

SOLID STATE

PROFESSIONAL

MONITORS

PULSE CROSS

& PARTIAL

SOLID STATE

CONRAC II

SOLID STATE

DISPLAY

9 -INCH DISPLAY

RND9 SERIES

11:11114 -INCH DISPLAY

Models RKC14, RLC14

11- & 23 -INCH DISPLAYSModels RVC17, RVC23

8, 14 INCHModels CZB8, CZB14

405,

525, 625,819 LINES-CCIR, NTSC STANDARDS

CUJ14 Series

9 -INCH MONOCHROME

Model KNB9

A high performance, solid state monochrome dis-play, the RND9 features high reliability, low powerdrain, small size and minimum heat, with 10mHzvideo response, total power regulation, designedfor continuous duty with broadcast, industrial orcomputer generated signals. RND9 series in-cludes chassis, portable cabinet, rack mount anddual rack mount (19" rack, 8-3/4" high,15-1/ 16" deep) models.

The solid state monochrome Conrac RKC and RLC14 -inch displays have high reliability, low powerdrain, 10mHz video response, total power regu-lation, a 70 -degree tube to assure accurate pic-ture geometry. The RKC14 is a portable cabinetmodel; the RLC14 is a rack mount unit using10-1/ 2" of vertical rack space, 17-3/ 8" deep (canmount in any console designed to accommodatea CLD14 since all dimensions are identical).

Solid state monochrome RVC displays offer highreliability, low power drain, 10mHz video re-sponse, total power regulation, differential inputto minimize hum on long cables, horizontal switchto select normal or fast AFC. RVC17 uses a stand-ard clear laminated safety shield; RVC23 uses anetched lam nated safety shield to minimize spec-ular reflections, and a locking trapdoor to preventtampering with controls. Chassis, cabinet andrack mount models are available.

Shown: Model RVC23/Y with speaker and ceiling mount.

A professional monochrome monitor, the CZBoffers the broadcast engineer a dependable per-formance -stabilized picture with test instrumentfeatures. Solid state and vacuum circuitry, pic-ture comparison capability with dual matchedinputs, horizontal delay and pulse -cross displaysfor sync pulse analysis, 8- or 14 -inch tubes inchassis, cabinet or rack mount models to fitstandard 19" racks.

A 14- inch video monitor designed especially foruse as a master monitor in facilites concernedwith international television service. Relay switch-ing is provided to enable operation on 525/60,625/ 50, 819/ 50 or 405/ 50 scanning standards.It has fully regulated power supplies and will oper-ate satisfactorily in areas having extremely poorpower line regulation. Provision is made for hori-zontal delay and pulse -cross delay.

A 100% solid state, 9 -inch display ideal for bothindustrial and educational applications, the KNB9series includes chassis, cabinet, rack mount anddual rack mount models. Dual mount models fitside by side in a standard 19" rack, 8-3/4" high,8-15/ 16" deep. Video response 3dB down at8mHz; low voltage regulation; 600 line center,400 line corner resolution; high quality designand construction throughout, including glass -epoxy circuit boards with quick disconnects.

Computerized physics course is strucfured for individualized learning. Carrel has TV monitor, slide projector and responder.

ual study. Because of the need for instant andcontinual evaluation of student progress andconstant revision of instructional methods to suitthe individual student, a computer is used. TheNavy project is thus labeled a computer -managedinstruction (CMI) program. (The "M" couldstand for mediated, since the physics course atAnnapolis could be said to be computer -mediatedinstruction. )

Although the course designers began with aset of personal preferences or biases as to whatwere likely to be the best methods of teaching,the program is being managed to show up orig-inal assumptions as either sound or faulty.

ITV was never considered to be a panacea.Stanley Schwartz, head of NYIT's Learning Ma-terial Resource Center, views TV as doing oneof two things: reaching a mass of students wherethere are too few top-flight instructors; substitut-ing for single -concept film loops during mediaevaluation. Schwartz says the first function isnever quite as good as a live lecture since theTV lecturer gets no immediate feedback as toreaction or responsiveness of the audience. Onthe other hand, the latter function of using TVas a single -concept input is generally superior tothe use of film loops because of the flexibilityand low cost of producing video tapes. Videotapes are relatively easy to modify and Schwartzfeels a video tape version of a single concept is

about 1/10th the cost of a film version. Untilsuch time as the exact content and presentationof the single concept is validated as optimum,video tape is an ideal storage medium.

If one suggests to Schwartz that a well -re-hearsed and pre -tested TV presentation might besuperior to a live lecture even with feedback, hemight agree, but he thinks in any event the all -lecture method is not optimum and that the properuse of TV will relegate it to be used only forspecial demonstrations of single concepts.

Schwartz reports no final evaluation of TVis in yet for the Annapolis project, but earlytests indicate that the use of live or taped motionor action is not as important as assumed-atleast not for the learning objectives defined bythe physics course in question.

The same evidence that seems to prove thatTV is not as hot as might be expected alsoputs down other audio-visual media. In short, incomparing TV or film -strip against a talkingbook (audio with printed illustrations), or againstan illustrated book (printed text opposite aprinted illustration), or against a live lecture ingetting across pre -established concepts, no onemethod has a clear advantage on the average. Onthe other hand, the Annapolis project, and otherexperiments at NYIT, have determined that cer-tain individual students are helped more by onetype of presentation than others. That is, there


are apparently verbally -oriented students andprint -oriented students, and each is more sensitiveto one media or the other. The computer hasidentified each student and hence can prescribethe optimum medium for each individual student.

In short, instructional television plays an im-portant role, but is definitely limited in teachingphysics at Annapolis.

Individual Tape Viewing

Notwithstanding TV's limitations, some 24single -concept video tapes have been preparedand it can be asserted that this use of TV isoptimum for at least some students. Those video-tape presentations, incidentally, are viewed bystudents at an individual study carrel. Crucial tothe evaluation of video tape, slide presentation,text, etc., is the student response system used byNYIT to test student progress. This responsesystem, however, more than helps evaluate astudy unit and such media evaluation is only apart of the process.

A very important purpose of the responsesystem is to reinforce learning and to involve thestudent in the learning situation actively and de-liberately. The reinforcement comes about bydirecting the student to react to a small amountof instruction that he has just received. The re-action is usually obtained by getting the studentto register a decision to a multiple-choice selec-tion. The decision is registered by one of twomethods-either by punching a card or filling ina box with a colored chemical pencil. In theformer situation, depending on which hole ispunched, a circuit is completed and a page num-ber lights up directing the student to turn to thatpage in the programmed text. If the colored chem-ical pencil is used, the box checked develops alatent image of the page number to which thestudent turns.

If the student gives a correct answer to thequestion, the page to which he is directed tellshim he is right (reinforcement) and presents himwith the next unit of instruction. If the studentgives a wrong response, the page to which he isreferred informs him that he's wrong and analyzeshis error. Educators will recognize this method ofteaching to be programmed instruction as de-veloped by behavioral scientists.

Adaptive Instruction

The form of programming is adaptive orbranched, meaning the level of instruction isadapted to the student's need. Students having dif-ficulty understanding a concept or problem arebranched to more elemetary explanations.

A video tape presentation may be called forin one of the branching sequences to help clearup a confusing point. After the viewing, the stu-dent will again be asked questions via the studentresponsive answer system. If he now grasps theexplanation, he will continue to be branched toconcepts, he will move forward. If he needs more

more fundamental material until the subject isunderstood.

The punched cards (or color -in boxes) thatcarry a record of the student responses are col-lected and evaluated at the end of the day bythe computer. The computer thus keeps track ofthe progress of the student, but it is also spewingout information on classifying students whomissed specific units of instruction. If nearly every-one missed the point being made, then theinstruction unit is bad and has to be reworked.When only certain students missed, the computercan correlate this fact within the student's back-ground such as his SAT score, I.Q., previouscourse grades, aptitudes and attitudes. It is fromthis analysis that the course designers concludethat some students are more audio-visual orientedand others print -oriented. As a consequence,ideal guidance can be given to the student.

By digesting a mass of such inputs and bysophisticated matrix analysis, the NYIT evaluatorcan determine early in the game whether or nota teaching unit is effective-there is no need towait until a course has run to completion.

Schwartz describes the process as an auto-mated adaptive feedback system. The computeroutputs reveal individual performance, group per-formance and course performance. Obviously,the end result of the computer -managed courseis to get a high percentage of students to achievea high grade. Any normal d;stribution curve ofstudents verus grades should be peaked andshifted far to the right with CMI.

The Annapolis project, although geared toindividual study, does have a number of con-straints. Students can't spend more than ninehours a week on physics; they have to do labwork at a scheduled time; they have to pass thestandard physics test. Periodically, the studentshave to assemble into a classroom for interactionbetween themselves and a live instructor. (Inci-dentally, the effectiveness of the live instructorduring these sessions is also evaluated; some suchsessions have been found to contribute less tostudent progress than equivalent time spent withother media.)

Some 300 students are going through thecomputer -managed courses. An equivalent num-ber is taking the conventional course and thusserves as a control. Every member of the physicsstaff is involved either as a proctor or a remedialtutor or both. As a consequence of this involve-ment, the staff is both the evaluator and theevaluated.

Despite the constraints, and notwithstandingthe fact that the final evaluation of the programhas not yet been fully measured against conven-tional instruction (this will happen in January,1970), the process has proven to be operationallyand economically feasible. Improvement of in-structional strategy is possible through the rapidfeedback of hard data to a computer and learningof individual students has been improved. Opti-mization of instruction strategies is possible-andoccasionally ITV has to take its lumps. BM/E


Workshop class at Ampex Video Institute produces a video Camera control and switching are taught as part of somecourses at several schools.tape at a practice session.

Learn CCTV Operationand MaintenanceEveryhere you look, nonbroadcast video systems are used-in schools,hospitals and advertising agencies. Lots of neophytes have to learn howto use and take care of this CCTV gear. Here are some places to learn.

WHO OPERATES andmaintains the manyCCTV origination sys-tems used today in edu-cation, CATV, businessand medicine? When aschool is outfitted withcameras and VTRs,how do teachers andassistants learn to runthe system? Sometimestechnically knowledge-able people are hired,

but more often existing personnel must learnvideo production and even servicing. There aregenerally three ways to do so: The students go to a video school, staying ata nearby motel and attending all -day classes fora few days or a couple of weeks. A video school goes to several major regionalcities in turn, and the students gather at thesepoints, staying at nearby motels and attendingall -day classes for a few days or a couple of weeks. A video school sends an instructional videotape to the students.

A video production course requires no previ-ous training or experience-only the need toknow. The course usually begins with a simplifiedexplanation of how a television system operates.Next the students are introduced to and operatecameras, switching and mixing consoles, micro-phones and audio mixers, lighting equipment andperhaps some color gear. They also learn visualeffects, graphics and tape editing, Working asa team (and often changing roles), the studentsproduce one or more video tapes to demonstratetheir grasp of production techniques.

CCTV maintenance courses, by contrast, aredesigned for people with general electronics ortelevision receiver servicing experience. Studentslearn to align and troubleshoot vidicon cameras,helical VTRs and associated equipment. Oftenthere are basic, intermediate and advancedcourses.

Schools Are Far -Flung

Advanced Communication Techniques Semi-nars, 37 Franklin St., Westport, Conn. 06880(ACTS) conducts a yearly program of traveling


Student learns camera operation at the Ampex school, as on -camera instructor demonstrates operation of a helical VTR.

seminars in video production techniques. Eachcourse lasts three days and is limited to 48 stu-dents. Tuition is $375 and includes all coursematerials and daily lunches. ACTS uses cameras,VTRs and related video/audio/lighting equip-ment from some 22 manufacturers. to broadenstudents' operational knowledge. The 1970 pro-gram begins in January and includes sessions inor near New York City, Chicago, Washington,D.C., Dallas and San Francisco. A two-weekresident course is planned for the school's West-port location early next year.

Ampex Video Institute, 2201 Estes Ave., ElkGrove Village, Ill. 60007 (AVI) is a residentschool, with courses in both video production andCCTV maintenance. Basic and advanced produc-tion courses are offered, each running five daysand each is limited to 20 students. Tuition is $350and includes all course materials and daily lunches.Several servicing courses are offered. Basic courseST -1 covers the Ampex VR-5000 and VR-7000series of VTRs, cameras and accessories; it lastsfive days, is limited to 12 students, and costs $175.Advanced course ST -2 deals with the VR-7500

and VR-7500C VTRs, color correctors andswitcher/faders. ST -2 is a three-day course, limitedto ten students and costs $125. Advanced courseST -3 covers the VR-7800 recorder, lasts twoweeks, is limited to ten students and costs $300.

Bell & Howell Video Center, 7235 No. LinderAve., Skokie, Ill. 60076, a resident school, con-ducts five-day courses priced at $275 (which in-cludes all course materials and daily lunches).Classes are offered in both production and main-tenance of CCTV cameras, VTRs and associatedequipment. There are basic and advanced produc-tion sessions. Separate maintenance courses coverblack -and -white and color cameras, one -inchand half -inch VTRs and camera/recorder com-binations.

Educational Broadcasting Institutes, NationalAssociation of Educational Broadcasters, 1346Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036(NAEB) has scheduled a 30 -hour, one-time ses-sion on operation and maintenance of helicalVTRs. It will be held January 25-28, 1970, at theSir Walter Raleigh Hotel, Raleigh, N.C. No previ-ous training or experience is necessary except forelementary knowledge of television in general.

Reeves/Actron Corp., 565 Fifth Ave., NewYork, N.Y. 10017 currently offers a one -day work-shop at its Manhattan location-an introductionto TV production limited to ten persons. The com-pany plans additional courses on CCTV operationand maintenance in the near future.

Sony Tape Production Center, 165 TuckahoeRoad, Yonkers, N.Y. 10710, does not conductclasses, but furnishes many instructional videotapes covering production, operation, applicationand maintenance of its video equipment. Thesetapes are available at dealers and distributors ofSony video gear. The company plans to startresident workshops at its suburban New Yorklocation in the spring of 1970.

TeleMation, Inc., 2275 SW Temple, Salt LakeCity, Utah 84115, between now and June 1970,will conduct three regional CCTV workshopseminars. Each will last three days, is limited to35 persons, and costs $50. The course coversbasic production and fundamental maintenance.The first seminar will be held in Titusville, Fla.When TeleMation's new Salt Lake City plant iscompleted in the spring of 1970, the companywill offer regular video production courses-bothelementary and advanced-on a monthly basis.

Other Instruction

In addition to the intensive short courses of-fered by these organizations, many colleges anduniversities provide video and CCTV productioninstruction. Most courses are given an hour or twoonce or twice a week for a period of severalmonths. Many sessions are held at night.

Also, some video and CCTV equipment deal-ers and distributors conduct occasional seminarswhich teach video and CCTV operation and serv-icing. BM/E

November 1969-BM/E 43

Mentally retarded children in Ft. Wayne, Indiana's Johnny Appleseed School participate in videotaped recreation period.

Planning the ITFS SystemFor efficient and economical operation of an ITFS system, proper planning is a must.Learn how to avoid interference when channels are shared by heterodyne repeaters.

By Allen Pawlowski

PROPER ENGINEERINGof Instructional Televi-sion Fixed Service(ITFS) systems, whichdepend upon hetero-dyne repeaters, involvessome out -of -the ordi-nary considerations.Conservation of pre-cious channels is a fore-most consideration withsavings on installationcosts as a side effect.

This objective can be achieved by carefullyplanning a 2500 -MHz ITFS system to avoid orminimize co -channel interference.

Allen Pawlowski is a senior systems engineer withJerrold Electronics Corporation.

Such planning can include: Selective siting of transmitters to minimizepotential co -channel problems. Cross -polarized radiation patterns betweenchannel -sharing areas. Antennas on high ground for added co -channelprotection. Minimum -height transmitting antennas whichare adequate for effective local coverage. Minimum -height receiving antennas which areadequate for reliable reception from transmitters. Transmitting antennas with shaped -beam pat-terns to minimize interference.

In the microwave ITFS band reserved by theFCC for educational purposes, 31 channels areavailable from 2500 to 2690 MHz. Usually, theFCC licenses an institution to use enough of thesechannels to carry up to four simultaneous pro-grams.


No problem of co -channel interference is likelyto arise unless it is necessary to use heterodynerepeaters to extend coverage from the main omni-directional transmitting antenna. Because effec-tive coverage of the low -power ITFS signals(maximum 10 watts) is limited to 15 to 20 miles,depending upon terrain and line -of -sight obstacles,school systems and colleges with large geographi-cal areas find it necessary to repeat the signals.

To avoid interference with just one repeaterinstallation, a set of four channels of the ITFSband different from the base station channelsmust be assigned to the repeater. Typically, thebase station might be assigned the four Group Achannels from 2500 to 2542 MHz and the re-peater station assigned the four Group E channelsfrom 2596 to 2638 MHz.

Recent technological developments in solid-state circuitry have hade it possible now to usetwo repeaters in tandem from the main transmitter.An example is the Jerrold Model SRH-2 hetero-dyne repeater. A number of multihop repeaterchains can be fanned out in several directions toreach far corners of extensive school districts.

Unless another group of ITFS channels isassigned to the second repeater, the system might-but won't necessarily-have problems of co -channel interference.

The assignment of a third group of channelsto the second repeater should be avoided. Thesechannels can then be made available to anotherinstitution in the area, for more efficient use of

Designed for repeater station use, this six-foot diameter an-tenna, the Jerrold TACO EPA -6 parabolic is similar to smallerreceiving ITFS antennas used at school locations.

the spectrum. Conservation of channels is quiteimportant in large metropolitan areas whereseveral institutions might want ITFS systems.Already, the ITFS frequency band has becomeovercrowded in some areas.

With proper engineering planning, the useof additional channels can often be avoided. Insuch a case, the same Group A channels of thebase station can be considered for use by thesecond repeater.

Siting Is Important

Selective siting of transmitters is the mosteffective way of minimizing or eliminating co -channel interference (overshoot) when the samechannel group is used both at the base stationand at the second repeater. The common methodof solving such problems in straight-line micro-wave is to zig-zag the route. This is not possiblewith ITFS which uses omnidirectional transmit-ting antennas radiating energy to receivers clus-tered around the transmitter.

To determine the extent of possible inter-ference, draw a line on a map between the twofrequency -sharing transmitters. Extend the linebeyond each site to the coverage -area limits ofeach station. Any receiving sites located on ornear the line extensions will have their antennasdirected at both transmitters. Co -channel inter-ference is most likely to occur at these locations.Receivers located between the transmitters, how-

Recent developments in solid-state technology make it pos-sible to use two heterodyne repeaters-such as this JerroldSRH-2 in tandem with the main ITFS transmitter.

November, I969-BM/E 4rI

NIT production unit working on first segments of early childhood series slated for next fall.

ever, will not experience difficulty because of thehigh front -to -back ratios of typical ITFS receiv-ing antenna dishes.

Calculated Interference Probability

Complete protection by means of ideal trans-mitting site selection is not always possible. Theamount of protection required varies with theco -channel beat frequency. Even under the worstconditions, however, 60 dB of protection assuresinterference -free operation.

Assume a receiving site five miles from thedesired transmitter and 35 miles from the co -channel location. Considering only the free spaceloss, the loss for five miles is 119 dB and for 35miles is 135 dB, or a differential of only 16 dB.Additional protection can be designed into thesystem by using cross -polarized antennas. Thetechnique adds a reliable 20 dB measure of pro-tection, for a total of 36 dB. This is still 24 dBshort of the ideal.

The curvature of the earth, or ground shadow,must provide the remaining desired amount ofinterference protection. That is, the system canbe designed to take advantage of earth curvatureand the natural terrain to block main antennasignals from directly reaching receiving antennasat the system extremities.

To do this, it is necessary to calculate theamount of earth curvature for a given distanceand to consider the amount of bending of radiowaves caused by atmospheric refractivity.

Earth curvature can be calculated with thefollowing formula:

EC - 0.66 (D/2)2K

where D = distance in miles, K = atmosphererefractivity constant (true earth = 1) and EC =-earth curvature in feet.

Thus, for the example of a receiving site at

35 miles from a co -channel base transmitter, theformula shows:

0.66 (35/2)EC - - 191 feet1

This shows theoretically that if the individualheights of the main transmitting antenna and thereceiving antenna are less than 191 feet each,co -channel interference is no problem.

However, this is assuming that the signalstravel in a straight path. Atmospheric refractivitytends to bend radio waves downward into an arcrelated to earth curvature at an average constantof 4/3 or 1.33.

Applying a K factor of 1.33 instead of 1, asabove, the formula shows:

0.66 (35/2)2EC =1.33

- 147 feet

With the new factor of atmospheric refrac-tivity taken into account, there is 44 feet lessprotection available from earth curvature.

Unfortunately, the effect of atmospheric re-fractivity varies considerably, and the K =1.33or less condition exists only half of the time.Studies made by Environmental Science ServicesAdministration (ESSA) and the National Bureauof Standards of the U.S. Department of Com-merce show that atmospheric refractivity fre-quently causes greater downward bending ofradio waves.'

With K valued at 2, the earth curvature for-mula shows only 95 feet of protection for a 35 -mile, path, 53 feet at K = 3 and only 40 feet atK = 5.

Averaging the Department of Commerce find-ings on the variability of the effects of atmospheric

Continued on page 82I. U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Serv-ices Administration (ESSA), Monograph No. 1, 1966, "A WorldAtlas of Atmospheric Refractivity"; U.S. Department of Com-merce, National Bureau of Standards, Monograph No. 22, 1960,"Climate Charts and Data of the Radio Refractive Index for theUnited States," and Monograph No. 92, 1966, "Radio Meteor-ology."

46 Circle 117 on Reader Service Card -4

Look at the Difference

Unretouched photographs of 21" studio monitor. Photographic data: Rolleiflex C-3, CPS color negative film - ASA 100, 1/15 second at f/5.6

...after 3M Color Dropout CompensationHere's what 3M's Color Dropout Compensator does for your VTRreproduction:

Look at this unretouched composite photograph of a studiomonitor. It shows, at the left, a videotape playback with 13 elec-tronically recorded -in dropouts. These dropouts were created bya special test generator which attenuates the RF level to therecord driver. On the right, these dropouts have been completelyrestored by the DOC.

The black dropouts shown on the left are followed by a com-plete loss of color -lock in the direct color recovery equipment.Since these dropouts include horizontal sync and color burst, theycause transient color flashing not ordinarily attributed to the drop-outs themselves. Even shallow dropouts can create a similarproblem due to loss of side -band information.

Only the 3M Color DOC corrects all these effects.After compensation, note the precise color match and complete

freedom from switching transients. Also, the dropout disturbanceto the time correction unit has been eliminated. Proc amp and

servo stability are improved to such a degree that it is possibleto play this tape in full intersync or pixloc mode.

In the compensated half of the photo, compare the replacementmaterial with the original signal two scan lines above the dropoutdue to a complete frame being photographed. Try to find the 13switching transients.

II II I t 1 1 P1$ 11 1 11

The 3M Color Dropout Compensator is the only system avail-able that can provide proper color and luminance replacement.For details write for the booklet, "Compensating for Dropouts inColor Television Recording!'

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48 November, 1969/BME

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In this heater regulator circuit, resistor values are in ohms. Note that both leads to heater are above ground.

Baby that Vidicon!One of the few non -transistor components in television isthe vidicon camera tube. Like all fire bottles, it's sensitiveto power supply variations. Here's a circuit that prolongsthe life of the TV eye and keeps pictures stable.

By Walter G. Jung

THE VIDICON camera tube operates best when itsheater power and cathode emission are constant;power variations cause picture degradation, whileovervoltage and overcurrent shorten tube life. Thecircuit shown is a stable, constant -current supplywhich provides no -surge controlled heater warm-up, complete independence from line -voltage andtemperature variations, and the capability of set-ting heater current and/or voltage precisely to adesired value. Excepting D3, the circuit is builtinto the camera control unit, and vidicon heatercurrent is then constant regardless of cameracable length.

Referring to the diagram, D1 and zener D2furnish a voltage reference to common -base am-plifier Q 1 . Q2 and Q3 are current amplifiers

Walter G. Jung is an engineer with the MTIdivision of KMS Industries, Inc.

which increase the small collector current of 01.The total output current of the supply passesthrough R5 and R6, and R6 is used to preciselyset the voltage and/or current at the vidiconheater. D1 and D2, in conjunction with (21's Vbe,act as a temperature -independent reference volt-age controlling current output of Q1 and ulti-mately the whole supply. Load current throughR5 and R6 develops a comparison voltage atQ l's emitter which maintains a constant currentthrough the external load.

To protect against misadjustment or over -voltage, zener D3 shunts the vidicon heater. Innormal operation the heater voltage is 6.3 volts,below D3's threshold, so the diode is effectivelyout of the circuit. Higher current develops ahigher voltage drop, which causes D3 to breakdown, shunting the overcurrent and protectingthe heater. BM/E


RCA's SelectaVisionLatest contender for the home TV recording market, this entry usesway-out technology that was a scientific parlor curiosity only monthsago. Big question: How does it stack up against EVR?

RECORDING

REPLICATING

Start -to -finish flow chart for proposed production of SV holographic fiVm.

IT'S A TAPE; it's a film; no, it's hologram, andwith it, RCA wants to put a laser in every livingroom. Announced for 1972 production, the Selec-taVision (SV for short) system was unveiled tothe world at RCA's David Sarnoff Research Lab-oratory in Princeton to help kick off TV's excitingnew fall season.

Still developmental, the system promises toprovide the TV equivalent of the phonograph,with mass-produced, inexpensive cartridges of SVprogram film readily available for home viewing.Unlike the CBS EVR system, this technique usesneither photographic film nor magnetic recording.Instead, an embossed hologram is captured on athin film of cheap vinyl plastic.

Why a hologram? Because RCA has developeda method of mass-producing holograms by pres-sure stamping-much the same way phonographrecords are mass produced. But holograms-those strange, granular 3-D images produced by

Resolution chart as displayed from stationary SV holographicfilm at demonstration looked good.

laser scanning-are still in their commercial in-fancy and until now have been little more thana scientific parlor toy.

Why a Laser?

The hologram technique was adopted sinceit makes mass -production possible. In customreplication work for outside companies, RCAspokesmen have indicated a cost figure of about$2.00 per half-hour tape/film in quantities of2000. But these prices can't really be naileddown until production has started.

Initially, comparisons between SV and EVRtrip gaily off the tongue. Actually, there are fewparallels. The SV unit, tentatively priced at $400,is touted by RCA as a consumer item; EVR, be-cause of its $800 tag and higher -priced programmaterial, will in all likelihood be an educationaland industrial CCTV item. Ironically, RCA's dis-closure of its system came just one day after theDavid Sarnoff medal was awarded to CBS Labs'Dr. Peter Goldmark at the Los Angeles meetingof the SMPTE for his development of EVR.

While SV is still developmental, RCA be-lieves that it now has the basic technology forbuilding a consumer line. In producing a tape-film, the original program is transferred toconventional movie film via a 3M electron -beamrecorder (EBR). The image is then holographedwith a head-on laser beam, with a portion of the

November, 1969-BM/E

What Is It?

TV CAMERA He Ne LASER

Playback system is basically a simple, shutterless film transport, laser and TV camera.

main beam sidetracked and angled to cause multi -path interference with the main beam as it strikesthe photosensitive film. The interference patternsthus created are recorded. The film is then de-veloped and a relief pattern is formed on onesurface. This pattern contains no visually de-cipherable images-just a bunch of microscopic"mountain ranges."

From this film, a nickel metal master is made,and this master is used to press thousands of rep-lica films at high speed and low cost. The"mountain range" pattern is highly redundant-there are many recordings of the same image.Thus, the tape/film can be severely mishandledand still the picture quality will remain unchanged.In the press demonstration, a holograph film waspunctured repeatedly with a pin, then sandpapered-while on camera-with no apparent change inthe TV resolution chart that it contained.

Playback Laser

The playback system uses a laser to "illumi-nate" the hologram and a vidicon TV camera topick up the image and convert it for viewing. Thecamera provides an rf output, so it can be con-nected directly to the antenna terminals of anyTV set, mono or color. The holograms can pro-vide color of sorts, but colorimetry as demon-strated has a long way to go before it'll be ac-cepted in the home. There were reds and blues,

November, 1969-BM/E

sort of, with an occasional glimpse of elusivegreen. The NBC peacock was red/blue with vary-ing shades of both. Monochrome rendering wasmore believable, but seemed to suffer from thevery thing that was cited as an advantage-thelack of discrete individual frames of picture infor-mation. The hologram instead moves smoothlyalong with no shutter to create single frames. Ifstop -motion is wanted, the single "frame" viewedis apparently a composite of "frames" A, B, Cand D, with very noticeably poor detail andmotion blurring. Yet, fine detail is possible withSV as demonstrated with the resolution chart.

What of the future? That's what RCA mar-keting people are really banking on. Perhaps thisannouncement was a bit premature. Perhaps itwas to take some of the edge off the "competing"EVR system. SV and EVR are totally non -com-patible and are in two different leagues. BM/E

SV motion picture has granular interference patterns andrather poor resolution.

TCLEYiSi011 4/1114-E

****** 4#4#44 4#4 4 4 4THE CONCEPT OF THE WIRED CITY IS NOTHING NEW-THE FREE WORLD'S GATEWAY TO MAINLANDCHINA HAS BEEN TV CABLED FOR YEARS.

IF HONG KONG is a country, it's probably the onlyone in the world which has all wired TV and auralprogramming and no domestic wireless broadcast-ing service. Throughout the British Crown Colony,two TV channels and four sound programs aredistributed by cable. Over 110,000 subscribers areserved by two coaxial cables and four audio pairsin a system operated by Rediffusion (Hong Kong)Ltd.

From an engineering standpoint, the HongKong system is excellent, as the entire affair-from studio camera to viewer's receiver-is con-trolled by the same organization, simplifying tech-nical coordination. Rediffusion originates all pro-gramming from its new Television City locationon the Kowloon peninsula. The company alsooperates and maintains trunk lines, repeaters anddrops-and it sells and services receivers. Tele-vision is distributed as direct video, and the soundprograms are handled as speaker -level audio. Thusthe TV receiver sold by Rediffusion has no frontend or i-f strip. The company will also modifytuner/antenna type receivers that some customersuse to pick up programs from the nearest broad-cast TV transmitter-a mainland Chinese station.

Bilingual Programming

The first Hong Kong television channel wasput on the Rediffusion cable in 1957, with bi-lingual audio in English and Chinese (Cantonesedialect). In 1963, a second, all -Chinese channelwas added, with the first reverting to all -Englishprogramming. (Chinese subtitles are used on cer-

tain high -interest English programs.)Some Chinese programming consists of Eu-

ropean or American film or tape which is lip -syncdubbed by Rediffusion using local translators.However, most oriental programs are live, asdubbing is expensive and little Chinese film isavailable.

Another unusual aspect of the Hong KongTV system is its use of the near -obsolete British405 -line standard since the network was installedbefore most of the world standardized on theCCIR's 625 lines. Furthermore, the Rediffusionsystem handles only black -and -white material.There is no problem with live or filmed programs,but if an American or European video tape is tobe used in the system, it must be fed through aline -store standards converter in Rediffusion mas-ter control.

Keeping more than 80 miles of feeder cablein good operating condition in a climate whichregularly includes typhoons and heavy rains isquite a job. Test patterns are fed through thesystem at specified times during the day and thepicture quality is monitored throughout the net-work. About 80 percent of Rediffusion's engineer-ing staff is concerned with network and subscriberequipment maintenance. Nearly 700 engineers andtechnicians are employed by the company in avariety of capacities.

Television House-the company's originationpoint-contains nine TV and eight audio studios,all built expressly for programming. There is alsoa large telecine room to feed films and slides tothe two video channels. BM/E


EVA\AGEVENT

IROUNDIABLETechniques That SellBy Fred Herman

Many negative factors constantlybrainwash salesmen and make it areal battle for them to keep goingfrom day to day. The salesmanresponds to the same motivationalforces as the buyer. In creating adesire, a salesmen must work withthe mechanics of putting the rightpicture of the future in the mindof the buyer --the same factorwhich influences and guides theactions and success of a salesman.

You Are as You See Yourself

What can be done to conditionthe mind to have the right attitude?There are two methods: The peptalk and the faith talk; the differ-ences between the two are induration and basic purpose of thetalk. The pep talk is a short, let's -go -get -'em thing. The faith talk ismore serious and longer. Basicoutline of a faith talk: Set your objective. Count your blessings. Reaffirm your faith in yourability to achieve your objective.

Actually, what you go throughin preparing the faith or pep talkis the process of seeing in advancean event which has not yet hap-pened, and the energy you developfrom the belief makes it come true.This is voluntary use of imagina-tion for yourself. In fact, it's agood idea for every salesman togive himself a pep talk before hebegins his daily rounds. In so doinghe will fortify his ego against thosetough customers and their nega-tive attitudes. Occasionally-par-ticularly for the beginner-it's agood practice to indulge in a faithtalk dwelling upon the objectivesthat we've outlined here.

Fred Herman is a sales -training andpublic -speaking consultant in Torrance,Calif. This material has been adaptedby the author from his book, Selling IsSimple, TAB Books, Blue Ridge Sum-mit, Pa. 17214.

Part 1 of a two-part series describing basic salestechniques for the broadcaster.

Have a Selling Plan

To be successful, every sales-man must follow a plan. No matterhow much experience, productknowledge, or sales training asalesman has, it must all be orga-nized so that he can find the rightidea at the right time. Here arefive steps; use them in the rightorder and you'll make more sales: Draw the prospect's attentionaway from what he was thinkingabout. He must know why you'rethere. Arouse the prospect's interestby suggesting that he will benefitfrom your sales effort. Convince the prospect by point-ing out what your plan will do forhim and that it's a good plan forhim. Create a desire by appealing tothe right motives; point out thatadvertising on your station willresult in increased business forhim. Close the sale by helping theprospect make the decision, andget the signed order.

Many salesmen barge in on aprospect, simply hoping somethingwill happen, when they could bein real command of the interviewif they had a plan and followedit. The point is to sell smarter, notharder. This point is of supremeimportance when you realize thatthe salesman's job is to help theprospect make the decision.

Breaking the Ice

The prospect is certainly notthinking of you before you makea call. His mind is on his ownproblems and interests. So the firststep is to get his attention. Mostsalesmen are prone to fall in lovewith their own ideas. When youmake a cold call, show an interestin the prospect's business by say-ing "I'm calling to see if I canbe of any possible service to youand your organization."

Here is a suggestion which iscontrary to what nine out of tensalesmen do: give your station'scall before your name. Say: "I'mfrom wxxx. My name is BillBrown." This is sound practicebecause your name probably cre-ates no picture in the prospect'smind, but the station call lettersmight. But this is only the intro-ductory phrase, not the actualattention -getting step. Here aresome ideas to get the prospect'sattention: Give the prospect a token ofyour product, a sales brochure, orsome small, inexpensive memento.It will attract his attention and re-mind him of your call. Exhibit something the prospectcan look at. For example, I haveused a small, steel mousetrap whichsuggests that even if you build abetter mousetrap, you still have totell the story. Talk about the prospect and payhim a compliment. Call attentionto what he does instead of what heis. Ask Questions. The prospect au-tomatically gives his attention toyou when he answers your ques-tions. A lot of time can be wastedtalking about the weather. Thebest question, of course, is one thatsuggests the possible use of yourproduct. A startling statement aboutsomething the prospect may bemissing or about a special dealwhich you have to offer can beused as an attention getter. A testimonial from a satisfiedadvertiser, which also becomes anexhibit, often attracts attention-particularly if the advertiser hap-pens to be a competitor or some-one in a similar business. Arouse the prospect's curiositywith a statement regarding broad-cast advertising. You might men-tion talking to someone he knowswho's done something great. It's



500 / 600IL

8f1FROM TAPERECORDER

FROM TAPERECORDER

TO2-5 pF TELCO

LINE

4IPo

411110

pCOUPLE TOHANDSET

Transformer -coupling method (top) requires blocking capacitor. Coil method (bottom) is simpler but puts less audio into line.

Fast Phone Feed from TapeA busy radio newsman often doesn't have time to hand -carry his tape back to the studiobefore covering another event. Here are two fast ways of feeding a telco line from a port-able tape machine.

By Jack B. ThorntonOFTEN A RADIO newsman in the field must sendback a taped item to the studio. Holding the tele-phone handset up to the recorder speaker is hardlythe answer. Several methods are suitable for suchtemporary line feeds. One is to use a matchingtransformer and blocking capacitor, as shown inthe diagram.

To do this, connect a plug that fits the tapemachine's earphone or speaker jack to the eight -ohm winding. Use alligator clips on the 500/600-ohm leads, with a blocking capacitor in serieswith one side of the circuit. For small size, use aminiature transistor output transformer and aminiature paper or nonpolarized electrolytic capac-itor of about 2-5 AF at about 50 volts.

In use, connect the clips to the telco terminalblock. If you can't get to the block, unscrew thecap on the handset microphone, exposing the ter-minals inside. Attach the clips to those terminals.The audio level feed should never sound louderin the handset earphone than voice volume innormal telephone use.

Avoiding Direct Connection

A faster method which avoids direct connec-tion is induction. Wind a coil to fit on a telcohandset earphone (receiver). Use a form thesame size and wrap a layer of plastic electricaltape around the form, sticky side out. Use smallwire (#26 or so). For the usual low -impedancetape output, 100 turns of wire is suitable. For a500/600 -ohm output, use 300 to 500 turns.Cover the completed coil with more tape andsolder leads to the tape plug.

Slip the coil over the handset earphone and

Jack Thornton is chief engineer of KBND, Bend,Oregon.

play back a tape. The signal will be inductivelycoupled into the line. As you may have guessed,by plugging the coil into the tape machine input,you can also record a telephone conversation, butyou can't legally use that recording on the airunless the other party knows the call is beingtaped.

Another use for such a coil is an emergencyfeed into sound or PA systems where you can'tget at a high-level input or don't have the requiredconnector. Just slip the coil around a dynamic mi-crophone, which will inductively pick up whateveraudio you feed to the coil. BM/E

Build or Buy?

Hard-pressed for construction time? A commer-cial version of the phone patch, called "Fone-Feed," is available from Blossomland ElectronicsCo. The induction loop has its own jumper cableand Japanese -size plug for use with most bat-tery portable recorders. For more information onthis $10 item, circle number 302 on ReaderService Card.


ProofthatDYNA-TUNEcan cure Itmany of 000o.0your head -end headaches.

Now you can have high-fidelityoff -the -air color from your head -end.Utilizing completely new filtering andsignal -restoration concepts, the DYNA-TUNE provides superior adjacent -chan-nel color performance in either micro-wave -fed or demod-mod systems. Theseimportant developments allow theDYNA-TUNE to actually improve thecolor signals in many critical areas overthat produced by the broadcast RFtransmission system.

You can also forget the problems in-herent in outdated tube -type tuners ...the DYNA-TUNE uses a field-effectfront end and the latest in integratedcircuits to provide performance and re-liability previously unattainable in thistype of equipment. A completely newapproach to off -the -air color . . . foronly $1275 (fixed -tuned model $1350).

1 # *

0

COMPARATIVE TESTSThe unique color compensation

function of the DYNA-TUNE is evi-dent in waveforms 1 through 4. Thetest set-up for these waveforms con-sisted of an off -the -shelf DYNA-MODmodulator supplying a modulated 4.2-MHz multiburst signal to the DYNA-TUNE. Waveform 1 is the output of

DYNA-TUNE GP.

the multiburst generator. Waveforms2 through 4 are the demodulated out-puts of the DYNA-TUNE with (2)proper compensation, (3) no compen-sation (note the inherent roll -off in thehigher frequencies) and (4) overcom-pensation, such as might be desirableto compensate for remodulation. Allwaveform photographs were taken withthe tuner oscillator set for maximumaural rejection.

Waveforms 5 through 7 show theresults of a conventional CATV de-modulator tuned for the best overallpicture (note the roll -off in the colorregion). Waveform 6 was taken withthe demodulator tuned for the best4.2 -MHz response (note overall distor-tion, including degradation of syncpedestal) and waveform 7 was takenwith the demodulator tuned for bestoverall sync. Remodulation of thisoutput would result in even furtherdegradation.

Another significant indication ofthe, superior overall frequency -responsecharacteristics of the DYNA-TUNE canbe seen in waveforms 8 through 10. Inthis test set-up, the multiburst signalwas replaced with a 500 -kHz square -wave. Waveform 8 was taken at theoutput of the DYNA-MOD/DYNA-TUNE combination and waveform 9

was taken at the output of a conven-tional CATV demodulator driven bythe same DYNA-MOD. Waveform 10is the squarewave source. (Noteoverall improvement in ringing andovershoot in waveform 8.) No externalenvelope -delay correction equipmentor filters were used when performingany of the above tests.

Mail the coupon today for com-plete information on this importantproduct . . . better yet-place yourorder today for fast delivery.

DY NAIR Electronics, Inc.636) Federal Blvd., San Diego, Calif.

ZIP 92114 Phone (714) 582-9211Please send me complete information onthe RX-4B DYNA-TUNE Demodulator.

NarreTitle

Coirpany

Address

CityState Zip

November, 1969-BM/E


55

You'll have to readbetween our line

VIDEO CONTROL CENTERS VIDICON CAMERAS PLUMBICON*CAMERASno one else is

VIEWFINDERS 2:1 INTERLACE SYNC GENERATOR PICTURE MONITORSas far ahead in

LENSES & CONTROLS EIA SYNC GENERATORS CAMERA MOUNTINGCATV, ETV and ITV concepts as we

EQUIPMENT PORTA-STUDIOT" INTERCOM AMPLIFIER BROADCASTare. We're generations ahead.

CAMERA CONTROL UNIVERSAL CAMERA CONTROL PASSIVE CAMERASolid state, modular,

CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONSOLES PORTA-SYNCT" CCIR AND PAL SYNCIC construction.

GENERATORS TELECTERN® O BAR DOTS BROADCASTBroadcast quality at lowest cost.

VIDEO SWITCHERS PASSIVE VIDEO SWITCHERS TERMINATING SWITCHERSIdeas way ahead of

BRIDGING SWITCHERS SEQUENTIAL VIDEO SWITCHERS VIDEO DISTRIBUTIONthe times. Not just on the board, but in

SWITCHERS AUDIO DISTRIBUTION SWITCHERS DIGITAL ACCESS CONTROLproduction. Like the first all digital

SYSTEMS VIDEO DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIERS PULSE DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIERSsync generator still

COLOR ENCODERS BLACK BURST GENERATORS SYNC/BLANKINGhasn't been equalled. And we have a magnetic disc

ADDERS OPTICAL MULTIPLEXERS 3 IN -1 OUT, 4 IN -2 OUT UNIPLEXERSmemory tv programmer that's pretty wild.

MESSAGE CHANNELTM STAIRSTEP GENERATOR SIN2 PULSE AND WINDOWWe're getting a lot of reaction about our vertical interval

GENERATOR 20T MODULATED PULSE GENERATOR MULTIBURST GENERATORdata transmission product that lets you

COLOR BAR GENERATOR WAVEFORM SAMPLERS WEATHER CHANNELSTMsend news messages, do cueing, transmit logging

PROGRAMMERS AND NON DUPLICATION SWITCHERS AUDIO PROGRAMMERinfo, communicate with mobile units, all without

SCREEN SPLITTERS CHARACTER GENERATOR VERTICAL INTERVALinterfering with the transmitted picture

DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ETC. TALK TO TELEMATIONquality. How about that?

*TM N. V. Phillips

TELEMATION, INC.The Total System Supplier

2275 South West TempleSalt Lake City, Utah 84115

(801) 486-7564Circle 123 on Reader Service Card


speeds -71/2, 33/4 and 17/13 ips-andare equipped with inputs for mikeand auxiliary and outputs for lineand headphones. The Mark II retailsfor less than $230, the Mark III forunder $260 and the Mark IV forless than $330.Circle 283 on Reader Service Card

Remote pickup gearl'orta-Mobile fm two-way radio basestations are designed for semifixedapplications such as temporary head-

quarters, but are also recommendedfor portable and vehicle -installationuse. The equipment, which has acpower as well as battery packs, maybe used in 25-30, 132-174, 406-420or 450-470 MHz systems. Base sta-tions include noise -canceling mikes,handsets, two -frequency transmit andreceive, solid-state channel guard, de-coding equipment, jacks and cable.GE Mobile Radio Dept.Circle 296 on Reader Service Card

Conductive tapeAdhere -on Tape Type CC -3807 ismade of .0005 -in. aluminum foil onthe top side laminated to one milthick Mylar. Including the adhesive,the tape has a thickness of .0025 in.The adhesive isn't affected by aging,affording uniform adhesion charac-teristics. Applications for the tapeinclude cueing and stopping movie

Operating remote control?Be safe and sure with the

V

NEW! ALL RFAMPLIFIER FROM WILKINSON!

Features of the Model TRF 1A: VERY LOW DISTORTION AND CARRIER SHIFT BROAD GAIN CHARACTERICTICS EXTREME STABILITY EXCELLENT SELECTIVITY ULTRA LINEARITY

For complete details write:

=IN 7 1937 MEDADE BLVD.WOODLYN, PA. 19094

ELECTRONICS. INC.PHONE (215) 874-5236 874.5237


BUILDINGBLOCKS TOSOUNDSYSTEMS

The PRO 12 Tape Recorder: industrialreliability, studio performance0 The PRO 12 deserves your specialconsideration. It is the finest new port-able professional tape recorder on themarket 0 Solid state 0 Portable/Com-pact 0 Twin -track mono; dual half track;stereo models 0 Special version for four -track mono and stereo 0 Semi -servospeed control 0 Mixer/ Preamp withthree inputs for each channel 0 Built-infacilities for mixing two inputs Testswitch for lineup 0 Multi -play andSound on Sound recording 0 Switch -able monitoring of recording signal dur-

ing recording-Before and After tape DBuilt-in monitor amplifier with loudspeak-er 0 Stereo headphone monitoring DCue and dubbing facilities Tape -lifters0 End -of -tape and tapebreak switch 0Pause button D Remote control facilitiesEl For full data, contact the innovators.

PHILIPS BROADCAST I

EQUIPMENT CORP.

One Philips Parkway, Montvale, N.J. 07645 201/ 391-1000

A NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS COMPANY

PHILIPS

November, 1969-BM/E


61

Managing owner Richard Jakle,shown at right with Pam Backey,program director, finds WRMN-FM's IGM automation systemeasy to program and to promote.

Below, WRMN-FM's advancepromotion included full -pagenewspaper announcements, lis-tener contests, effective directmail and news bulletins, all onthe "Golden Sound" theme.

"Our IGM 500 system really producesthe 'Golden Sound' for WRMN-FM"

An IGM Model 502-4 audio control system and IGM taped music services com-bine to produce a profitable new sound for WRMN-FM, Elgin, Ill. Formerly amonaural FM with extensive AM simulcasting, the station is now separately pro-grammed and all -stereo, from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. seven days a week.

WRMN-FM's control system includes a carousel that permits scheduling anentire day's commercials a day in advance; automatic logging of each event asit's aired; an ID machine that stores and airs up to 30 different "breaks," includingthe specially recorded "Golden Sound" musical logos heard every quarter hour;a unit that automatically airs up to 15 minutes of pre-recorded news; a time an-nouncer and two music tape decks.

Says Richard Jakle, managing owner of WRMN, "The IGM 500 system is pro-ducing the 'Golden Sound' on our books, too. The system has given us somethingpromotable in addition to our air sound. And, its ability to produce the sound wewant, consistently, has helped us sell the station to advertisers. Without reserva-tion, I recommend IGM automation equipment to any profit -minded station owneror operator."

If you're looking for a golden answer for your station, find out about the IGMautomation systems and taped music services. Write or call International GoodMusic, P.O. Box 943, Bellingham, Wash. 98225. Telephone (206) 733-4567.


IGM audio control systemsAdvanced, .state ofthe art design, -hu-man engineered;"wide choice of op-tional features andaccessories.

IGM taped music services

Contemporary to clas-sical, announced orunannounced. World'slargest, highest -qualitytaped music service forradio.

"Tomorrow's engineering today"

film and video film for TV stationbroadcasts. A free roll of the sensingtape is available. Adhere -on TapeCorporation.Circle 294 on Reader Service Card

FET testerModel 162 transistor/ FET tester, in-troduced by B & K Division of Dy-nascan Corporation, offers capabilityof in -and out -of -circuit tests (asidefrom testing diodes, unijunctions,SCRs and triite0 Another feature is

a special balancing circuit that per-mits balancing out as low as 6 ohmscircuit impedance for incircuit Betatest. It carries higher current capa-bilities up to one ampere and Betareadings from one to 5000. It alsooffers three leakage tests, Lb., Iceoand Is. $99.95.Circle 292 on Reader Service Card

Audio mixing consoleVisual Electronics Corporation offersa 4 X 1 -in., solid state, four -mixeraudio console featuring: pushbuttonselection of high-level inputs to eitherof two mixers; built-in, plug-in,eight -W monitor amplifier; twoswitchable mike inputs on mixer four(plug-in modules allow for mike pre -

amps to be substituted on mixerfour); and full cue facilities. Consoleincludes a built-in clock. Ideal forproduction uses and small studios.Circle 287 on Reader Service Card

Color editing VTRModel 2932 color editing video re-corder has been added to Bell &Howell's line of closed circuit tele-vision products. Tapes recorded orassembled on the editor can be playedon any other Bell & Howell videorecorder that uses one -in, tape. Slowmotion and stop motion are standard.$7600.Circle 293 on Reader Service Card

STL Tapes Measure Up!

One reason why STL tapes measure up topublished standards is the professionalpride of specialists using equipment de-signed exclusively for test tape produc-tion.STL IA" test tapes are top quality, full -track alignment tapes for playback equal-ization adjustment and accurate phasereference.Available in (free speeds -3.75, 7.5, or15 ips at $21 each. Shipped same dayorder received.

FOR A SOUND BUY, MAKE TABERYOUR TAPE HEADQUARTERS'

Call or Write TA B E RMANUFACTURING AND

ENGINEERING COMPANYOAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, BLDG., L-821P. O. BOX 2365 OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 94614

Telephone (415) 635.3832


For educational TV andother CCTV installationsSturdy and rugged, yet light in weight, this allaluminum tripod is ideal for CCTV viewfindercameras weiighing up to 100 lbs.

FEATURES: is GEAR DRIVEN Elevating column Wediameter slides up and down on nylon sleeves. Nometal -to -metal contact. This reduces friction andwear. is SELF LOCKING GEAR Mechanism keeps thecenter post from running down regardless of theweight on the head of the tripod. Two sectionaluminum legs. Sturdy box -tubing leg brace for tri-pod rigidity. All three swivels can be locked forstraight line tracking. Ball bearing wheels with posi-tive lock of both wheel and swivel.

ModelTVG-W

with-----8 Gearede... Center Post

and CradleHead

r Davis''& Sanford

24 PLEASANT ST. / NEW ROCHELLE / NEW YORK 10802


Now you can affordTV's leading color cameraadapted for CATV

For the finest color achieved byhundreds of TV broadcasters-at aprice you can afford-you'll wantthe Norelco PCB -701 Plumbicon.camera system Total remote con-trol of camera positioning and zoomlens cuts your operating costs dra-matically Mounts on wall, ceiling,tripod For data, contact the inno-vators.

*Reg T.M. N.V. Philips of Holland

Aloreko' PHILIPS BROADCAST

EQUIPMENT CORP.

One Philips Parkway, Montvale, N.J. 07645Telephone: 201/391-1000

A NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS COMPANY

November, 1969-BM/E


63

POWER

COMBINERSINCREASE YOUR POWER

WITH THE RELIABILITY OF

A PARALLEL OPERATION.

USE AN MCI COMBINER AND A

SECOND AMPLIFIER.

Series 61000

Output Power: 110 KW, 55 KW, 25 KW, 1KW

Insertion Loss: 0.10dBIsolation Between Transmitters: 30dBVSWR: 1.05:1

another product

from MCI.....Your one source for complete trans-mission line systems from transmitterto antenna; designed, built, installedand tested. Proven designs includeDiplexers, Switches, Patch Panels,Directional Couplers, Loads and Hybridsplus all accessories. Complete custominstallations are our specialty.

Building or converting? Discuss yourrequirement with us! For further infor-mation or a copy of our catalog, callor write:

MICRO COMMUNICATIONS INC.GRENIER FIELDMANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03103(603) 624-4351

1

MicroCommunicationsInc.

NEW

LITFor copies of these literature offer-ings, circle numbers for appropriateitems on Reader Service Card.

TV lenses-vidicon, Plumbicon andorthicon-are delineated (in bothFrench and English) in chart form ina bulletin from Angenieux. 200

Antennas -20-60 ft "Astroscat"types-are discussed in a bulletinfrom RF Systems Inc. 201

CATV television cameras, controlequipment, switchers, film and opti-cal systems from TeleMation, Inc.,are featured in two short -form cata-logs. 202

Model 82-25 MPR 16mm combina-tion optical/magnetic sound projec-tor is described by The Kalart Com-pany in bulletin No. 2701. 203

"A New Solid -State TV Demodu-lator" is the title of a paper whichwas presented at the 1969 NAB En-gineering Conference by GeorgeWeber and George Stoeppel, andwhich is being offered by Rohde &Schwarz. 204

Lenses for 16mm-TV-APO-reproduc-tion and view cameras are describedin bulletin from Karl Heitz. 205

Television accessories for studio com-binations are offered in a Cohu datasheet 6-469. 206

Three "Case Histories"-G323, G-356 and G326-present how newAmpex magnetic recording equip-ment is being used to produce com-mercials and TV programs at Lew-ron Television, Inc., NationalTeleproductions and Teletronics In-ternational. 207

TMV-708 Broadcast Camera ControlUnit for remote control of TMC-2100 monochrome TV camera isdescribed in a brochure from Tele-Mation. 208

Special lenses as well as 16 and35mm, vidicon, Plumbicon and orthi-con lenses are included in extensivelydiagrammed and charted brochurefrom Karl Heitz. 210

Color TV camera-model VP3-isdescribed in Visual Electronics' eight -page brochure. 212

Switchers-broadcast video, audioand video distribution types-are de-tailed in a six -page brochure fromTeleMation. 213

Coaxial cable is described by Uni-form Tubes Inc. in bulletin. 211

Stayup-

tight!AUTOMATE

. . . WITH

MINI- MATE

Station profit-ability depends ontight programming.

MINI -MATE lets your stationstay "up -tight" while it takes thepressure off your personnel . . .

allowing for smoother, more effi-cient programming. The new"mini -mate" automation systemby Ampro lets you mix -and -match men to machines to meetyour own specific station needs,thereby eliminating loss of evenone second of precious air time.

The automated MINI -MATEmulticartridge tape player pro-vides you with programmed auto-matic sequencing. And, at thesame time, it permits FULLMANUAL OPERATOR CON-TROL . . . another new productfrom the innovators.

InstatapeA DIVISION OF AMPRO CORP.

ONE LIMEKILN PIKE, GLENSIDE, PA.(215) 886-1414

ASK ABOUT OUR LINE OF: Single andMulticartridge Equipment Logger PrinterSystem Automation Systems CartridgeDuplicator Sound Effects SystemAudio/Slide Projector


64


November, 1969-BM/E

What's the secret ofgetting off -the-shelfdelivery on top-qualitycoaxial connectors?

Ask for Comm/Scopd.Now there's a complete line of rug-ged, easy -to -use Comm/Scopecoaxial connectors in stock, readyfor off -the -shelf delivery.

And they're designed to give com-plete performance. With a grip thatstays sure and firm under all oper-ating conditions. Prevents conductorpull-out, yet maintains the integrityof the outer conductor.

Which isn't surprising, when you

*DuPont Trademark

consider their built-in quality. Likesilver-plated contacts. Teflon* insert.lridited body. Anodized grip nut. Andheavy-duty weather seal.

But you expect the best from theComm/Scope team. They're thesame group who manufacture Aluma-gard'and Coppergard 'Coaxial Cable;and who engineer, furnish and installthe nation's leading CATV systems.

For superior performance and fast,

off -the -shelf delivery, specify Comm/Scope coaxial connectors. We de-liver the goods.

For information and prices, write or cal/:

CORPORATION. COMM/SCOPE

P. O. Box 2406 Hickory, North Carolina 28601Phone 704/328-5271

A SUPERIOR CONTINENTAL COMPANY

November, 1969-BM/ECircle 133 on Reader Service Card

65

It's nice to haveenough moneyto retire on.It's also niceto be aroundto retire.

You want to save a nestegg for your retirement?Fine. Be here to enjoy it.

One way is to have annualhealth checkups. Duringwhich your doctor will checkfor cancer. Because lots ofcancers are curable ifspotted in time.

Have a health checkup

NAMESIN THE NEWS

Effective since October 1 is the re-signation of Douglas A. Anello asgeneral counsel for the NAB; ex-pected to remain available this yearas a consultant, Anello was with theorganization for 12 years.

your chances of enjoyingyour retirement. To a ripeold age.

americancancer

society

Ibis Space Contributed by She Publisher

SirV102 1

Gates hasa new line-up

of VHF -TVTransmitterssee pages

12-13

Glenn Koger Charles Kunkle, 1r.

Glenn Koger will assume the newlycreated post of senior vice presidentand Charles R. Kunkle, Jr., will as-sume the position of vice presidentof manufacturing of Rome CableDivision of Cyprus Mines Corpora-tion.

Michael Fuller Arie Landrum

Visual Electronics Corporation hasannounced that Michael H. Fuller,a sophomore at Stanford University,has been awarded its 3rd EducomScholarship Award. Presentation ofthe scholarship grant and plaquewill be made during the 1969 NAEBConvention on November 10.

Joseph N. Tawil, president of Ber-key-ColorTran, has announced theappointment of Arie Landrum asregional marketing manager for theCalifornia based division of BerkeyPhoto.

Kurt H. Oppenheimer has joinedReeves/Action as vice president, en-gineering.

Kenneth R. Giddens, president,WKRG-TV-AM-FM, Mobile, has beenappointed director of Voice of Amer-ica; Acting Director, Richard G.Cushing has been named assistant.

III IINew "Cam-Lini Heads

Provide Cradle Head Per-

formance at Lower cost!

Controls your heavier cam-eras more quickly and easily. . . prevents "nose diving"without springs.

Samson" Cam-Link" HeadFor equipment up to 40 pounds. ..

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When psychologist Pat Hewitt is studying recorded interviewson closed-circuit television, she wants to concentrate on thepatient, not the tape. It stands to reason thatshe looks to Ampex, the company that pio-neered videotape recording, for the mosttrouble -free video tape.Our Ampex helical scan tape is producedin the most modern, surgically clean facilitythe state-of-the-art permits. Here we givemeticulous attention to formulation andtape coating to bring you excellent drop-out performance, high frequency re-sponse, unparalleled picture clarity.

Picture by courtesy of Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto. California

To assure continued high performance. Ampex smooths everyreel of Ferrosheen® tape with an exclusive finishing process.

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70

News

Continued from page 11

quad is another story. Boston'sWGBH recently tested the system-broadcasting channels 1 and 2 onits own fin outlet, channels 3 and 4on another station (woo -Fm).

More recently, test broadcastsin New York were to use city -owned WNYC-FM for channels 1

and 2 and Columbia University'sWKCR for channels 3 and 4. Atpress time, an application for ex-perimental quad subcarrier broad-casting was before the FCC, andif granted in time it would enableWNYC-FM to carry all four chan-nels on its single station. Thissystem would use William Hal -stead's method-channel 3 on a72 -kHz subcarrier and channel4 on a 92 -kHz subcarrier.

This can get a little sticky,though. Quad broadcasting killsany possibility of carrying an SCAchannel, and the upper frequencyswing would carry signal danger-ously close to the edge of the fmchannel if not actually spilling overinto adjacent channels.

Ultimately, four channels on asingle station will probably be theaccepted technique, says Van Sint-chak, president of Kenrich Pur-chasing. But the method remainsto be seen. Also in the act is aconcept created by Murray Crosby,and this may line up in competitionwith the Halstead system. This inturn could lead to an engineeringbattle before the Commission thatwould be like 1960 history repeat-ing itself. Sintchak believes thatfour -channel stereo is as much anadvance over two -channel as two -channel was over mono. Eardrumtests have tended to verify this.but we may be in for an era ofping-ping/pong-pong demos first.

Nixon names Burchand Wells to FCCAs press, industry and governmentleaders had been predicting forweeks, President Nixon has nom-inated attorney Dean Burch andbroadcaster Robert Wells for FCCposts. If the Senate approves thelate -September recommendations,the Commission would still com-prise three Republicans and fourDemocrats.

Burch, who would replace re-tiring Commission Chairman RoselH. Hyde (see BM/E, August,

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Varian klystronshold back the cost

of doing business.You might say that UHF TV klystrons from Varian cost

about a buck an hour. Although Va.lan warrants its UHF TVklystrons for 5,000 hours video, their average operating

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It's a fact that since the first commercial UHF TV stationwent on the air back in the '50's, Varian has more than

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It's called the Minolta Auto -Spot 1° TV Exposure Meter.And it's the only spot meterin the world with illumi-nated, continuous and mo-torized IRE and foot-lambertscales in the viewfinder.

It'll give you quick, pre-cise 1° readings that speakyour language. Just aim,squeeze the button andwatch the scales turn. With -

taking your eye off your subject or switching from low tohigh brightness ranges, you're getting a perfect 1° reading. Andthe IRE scale makes it easy to keep the right balance betweenskin tones and the brightest area of your subject. This makescolor work a snap.

Your subject is magnified 4x with focusing from 3.3 feet toinfinity. And because of the 1° angle of measurement, you canpick out details for tight shots or long telephoto work withoutleaving your camera position. (This came in handy when theApollo 8 astronauts took a version of the Auto -Spot 1° alongfor measuring moon and earth light.)

So thanks to Minolta, TV work will never be the same. Afterall, just because something never was is no reason to think itcan never be.

The Minolta Auto -Spot 1° TV Meterwith IRE and foot-lambert scales (.32 to5000), under $250 with wrist strapand hard leather, velvet -lined case.(Also available with shutter speed,lens opening, and EV scales forstill and cine uses.) For detailswrite Minolta Corporation, Indus-trial Sales Division, 200 Park Avenue South,New York, N.Y. 10003.

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1969, p. 11), would serve untilJune 30, 1976; Wells would com-plete Commissioner James J.Wadsworth's term ending June 30,1971. Burch, 41, is a partner in aTuscon law firm. Wells, 50, isgeneral manager of the HarrisRadio Group, whose stations arein Kansas, Iowa, Illinois and Colo-rado.

Hyde proposes cabinetspot to supersede FCCIn his second farewell address be-fore the International Radio andTelevision Society at New YorkCity's Waldorf-Astoria in late Sep-tember, FCC Chairman Rosel H.Hyde suggested a cure for thespectrum management split be-tween "the Executive, for govern-ment use, and the FCC, for non -government use"-the creation ofa Cabinet -level Secretary of Tele-communications to coordinate bothgovernment and nongovernmentcommunications.

"I frankly do not know whetherthis arrangement would prove out-whether the disadvantages wouldoutweigh the advantages," saidHyde. "My point is that if we doseek to improve the present gov-ernmental mechanism-we mustseek to effect that centralized im-provement which best serves thepublic interest. And we must notsettle for changes that merely frag-mentize the present situation andrepresent simply bureaucratic shuf-fles of authority," said Hyde, inrebutting suggestions for mendingthe Executive -FCC spectrum man-agement split that call for assigningspectrum allocation to the Execu-tive branch and regulation andlicensing to the FCC.

Among the "obvious disadvan-tages" of the new Cabinet post,said Hyde, would be foregoing "thebenefits flowing from the for-mulation of policies and their im-plementation by an independent,bipartisan, multimember Commis-sion."

Hyde's suggestion of a possibledeterrent to such disadvantageswas "the use of independent panelssimilar to the FCC's ReviewBoard, whose members would beremovable only for cause . . . thatwould implement the policies for-mulated by the Secretary in areaslike fairness or political broadcasts,comparative cases, or rate cases."

Present at the luncheon wereCommissioners Robert E. Lee andKenneth Cox.

Circle 145 on Reader Service Card -

72

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It's no coincidence that you'll find Lenkurt microwavesystems in AUTOVON, AUTODIN, INTELSAT, and COMSATnetworks.

Or that more than 200 commercial, industrial, and gov-ernment customers are operating more than 600 separateLenkurt microwave systems in 40 countries. Over a quarter ofa million route miles.

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ManagementRoundtableContinued from page 53

more helpful if you can tie theachievement in with your station,of course. Render a service by showingthe prospect an advertising planthat has been used effectively.However, the ideas should comefrom a distant source, not in directcompetition. Tell the prospect what you cando to benefit or serve him. Showor play a commercial you have pre-pared which follows a specificplan tailored to his needs. In somecases, a claim of what he will gainby listening to the sales presenta-tion will get you a solid interview.

Motivate Interest in Your Prospect

No prospect buys an advertisingschedule. What he actually buys isa picture of future business result-ing from advertising. In the sameway, a salesman must picture thesituation he may face when hepresents his proposal to the pros-pect. It is quite important that asalesman be prepared to presenta convincing proposal-one thathe really believes in. Otherwise, thesalesman may visualize a rejection.And as so often happens, when arejection is visualized, that call ispassed up. Such negative visionsdefeat many before they even getstarted.

Showmanship is helpful in get-ting the prospect to visualize hiscompany obtaining benefit fromyour proposal. If he can't visualizethe future benefit, he won't buy.The burden of carrying the pros-pect's mind through the mentalprocess and creating a desire restson the salesman. Here are the salesmechanics that can help to do thejob: Visualize the benefit to the cus-tomer. Transfer the picture from yourmind to the prospect's mind. Keep the picture in tune withthe prospect's buying motives.

Fine-tune the picture in yourprospect's mind with the rightbuying motive. If there is anymagic -selling patter, this is it. Itverges close on the techniques ofthe confidence man, who in reality



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On request, we will be happy to send you acomplete user list. Not a select few but a total userlist. To receive this information, just contact yournearest Gravco Sales office.

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Circle 147 on Reader Service CardNovember, I969-BM/E 75

3-Plumbicon colorto Zanesville...fromBroadcasters throughout the countryare saying great things about anew camera from IVC. Take forinstance WHIZ -TV in Zanesville,Ohio, and KTAL-TV in Shreveport,Louisiana.

They're using a new televisioncamera that delivers superb color-color that is equal to anybroadcast camera in use today-yet available at a sensible price. Thecamera is the IVC-300 "Maverick."

IVC's new three-Plumbiconcamera is proving itself bothas a front line studio camera and a

"winner" for remotes.In Zanesville WHIZ -TV General

Manager, Bob Hodous, comments:"We were on the air four

times a day with live, half hourpresentations from the MuskingumCounty Fair. The IVC camerawas easily remoted to 'capture' thevarious events and the color wasexcellent. The importance ofthis camera is evident in one fact -all 20 program segments werecompletely sold out."

From Lee Bryant, GeneralManager of KTAL-TV in Shreveport:

"A quality camera at a reasonableprice ... the IVC-300 is increasingour profits. It has enabled us tooffer a wider variety of colorprogramming than ever before andstir -up a great deal of enthusiasmand excitement with our localadvertisers."

The IVC-300 weighs only 72pounds and is easily operated by oneman. Pick up of fast action isoutstanding. All the sophisticationsare built-in - Varotal XX 10:1zoom lens, with local or remote servodriven iris ... negative registration

...from Shreveportstudio to remote... four -step gamma correction ...filter wheel ... R/G/B sequencer... color masking.

The complete IVC-300 systemincludes tubes, vertical apertureequalizer, intercom, encoder, cameracontrol and junction unit, and100 feet of camera cable includingall interconnecting cables.

Priced complete at $36,000, theIVC-300 "Maverick" is an idealcombination of three-Plumbiconcolor, light weight, and highsensitivity.

Let us tell you more about

how the IVC-300 can satisfy yourproduction requirements. IVC salesoffices around the U.S. and inCanada are at your service.Interested in demo? Call collect.

In the East phone Jim Landy inWhite Plains, New York at (914)761-7820. In the Southwest, ClarenceDeal in Dallas at (214) 357-1881will work with you. In the Southeastcall Dick Rex in Atlanta at (404)633-1462. Midwesterners can phoneCoyle Dillon in Des Plaines, Illinoisat (312) 297-5160. Jim Jensen inEnglewood, Colorado at (303) 761 -

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3850 serves the Rocky Mountainarea. Dick Reilly in Sunnyvale,California at (408) 738-3900 handlesWestern sales. Emil Adamyk inMontreal at (514)636-4480 servesCanada.

IVC has the broadest line ofstudio and film chain camerasavailable today. Prices range from$14,000 to $76,000.

Last year IVC built and soldmore color television cameras thanany other manufacturer. Our friendsin Shreveport and Zanesville cantell you why.

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now available for TV NEWSThe FILMLINE Models FE -30 and FE -50 are exciting new color film processors designed specifically for usein television station news departments. The design is backed by Filmline's reputation as the world'sleading manufacturer of professional film processors for the commercial motion picture laboratory industry.

Now for the first time the television industry can enjoy the benefits of professional caliber equipmentincorporating exclusive FILMLINE features that have paced the state-of-the-art in commercial laboratories,at a cost lower than processors offering less.

After you check these exclusive Filmline features you'll wantto install a Filmline processor in your news department NOW!

0"FILMLINE OVERDRIVE FILM TRANSPORT SYSTEM"This marvel of engineering completely eliminatesfilm breakage, pulled perforations, scratches andoperator error. The film can be deliberatelystalled in the machine without film breakage orsignificant change of film footage in solutions.The heart of any film processor is the drivesystem. No other film drive system such as

sprocket drive, bottom drive or simple clutchdrives with floating lower assemblies can giveyou the performance capability of the uniqueFilmline Overdrive Film Transport System.

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"MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN" AllFilmline machines are constructed entirely ofmetal and tanks are type 316 stainless steel,heliarc welded to government specifications. Thefinest components available are used and rigidquality control standards are maintained.Compare Filmline features to other processorscosting more money. Feature -by -feature, a carefulevaluation will convince you that Filmline offersyou more for your investment.

Additional Features included in price of machine (Not as extras).Magazine load, daylight operation Feed -in time delay elevat6r (completely accessible) Take-up time delayelevator (completely accessible) Red brass bleach tank, shafts, etc. Prehardener solution filter PrecisionFilmline Venturi air squeegee prior to drybox entry Air vent on prehardener Solid state variable speed D.C.drive main motor Bottom drains and valves on all tanks Extended development time up to two additionalcamera stops at 50 FPM Pump recirculation of all eight solutions thru spray bars Temperature is sensed inthe recirculation line All solutions temperature controlled, no chilled water required al Built-in air compressor Captive bottom assemblies assure you constant footage in each solution Change over from standard develop-ing to extended developing can be accomplished in a matter of seconds Impingement dryer allows shorter putthrough time.

Partial listing of Filmline Color Installations: - NBC- New York,NBC- Washington, NBC- Cleveland, NBC- Chicago, CBS & ABC Net-works, Eastman Kodak, Rochester.Laboratories: De Luxe Labs, General Film Labs (Hollywood), Pathe-Labs, Precision Labs, Mecca Labs, Color Service Co., Capital FilmLabs, Byron Film Labs, MGM, Movie Lab, Lab -TV, Technical FilmLabs, Telecolor Film Labs, Guffanti Film Labs, A -One Labs, All -service Labs, NASA Cape Kennedy, Ford Motion Picture Labs.

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November, 1969-BM/E

Management RoundtableContinued from page 76prospect will realize from the ad-vertising schedule.

The technique used to transferthe picture from one mind to an-other is to describe the picture interms of the senses. This is calledconcrete language, and the moresenses appealed to the more con-crete the language. Therefore, themain job in selling is to put ideasin the prospect's mind and keepopposed ideas from arising. Youcan capitalize on this type of moti-vation by getting pictures in yourmind, then transferring them to theprospect's mind by describing thescene in terms of seeing, hearing,smelling, tasting, etc. Remember:in this step you do not describebroadcast advertising as such;rather you describe what broad-cast advertising can do for theprospect.

The next step is to fine-tune thepicture by appealing to the rightbuying motive, an inner force orurge that causes the prospect todo something. A salesman can bemost persuasive if he can locate theright (or dominant) motive foreach prospect. Here are severalprincipal motives: self-preserva-

tion; desire for gain; desire forprestige; fear of undesirable con-sequences; vanity; ambition; bar-gaining instinct, etc. Knowing whata prospect wants or needs is im-portant, but even more importantis knowing why he wants it. There-fore, it is vital to ascertain asquickly as possible the dominantmotive of each prospect and thendevelop your proposal to appeal tothat motive.

Change Suspects into Prospects

The broadcast advertising sales-man is usually surrounded by po-tential clients. So his first task is toisolate one or two from the mass.This is often called prospecting,but it is really suspecting until youfinally learn something of the firmthat makes them a prospect. Howcan a salesman accumulate dataabout potential advertisers? Thesurest way is to maintain a generalawareness by keeping your eyesand ears open and picking up whatyou can through contacts withclubs, organizations, telephone di-rectories, etc. A salesman shouldbe constantly aware of what isgoing on in his territory, the

changes, the new buildings, and heshould secure a number of pros-pects through his contacts. Thismeans work, but it saves time andprevents frustration by aiming yoursights on the most likely prospectsin the multitude of suspects. Doinga good job of suspecting oftenbridges into the next step of turn-ing the suspect into a prospect. Ofcourse, there are cases where itis impossible to learn absolutelywhether a suspect is a prospectwithout an actual visit, but carefulanalysis will hold these to a mini-mum.

Many salesmen tend to forget,and need to be constantly remindedof even the most simple and ob-vious parts of the selling picture.What they know about the prospectinfluences their approach andevery other aspect of the sales pres-entation. It is impossible to talkintelligently to the suspect untilyou know what he wants or needs.

Part 2 of this series will suggestways to get the prospect to believein your product, and will demon-strate how to use showmanship,overcome objections, and helpthe prospect reach a decision-afavorable decision for you. BM/E

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Circle 153 on Reader Service CardNovember, I969-BM/E 81

ITFSContinued from page 46

refractivity, the table below shows the percentagesof time that the K factor can be expected to beexceeded.

KFactor

Per Cent of TimeK Factor is Exceeded

0.7 99.00.8 98.40.9 96.51.0 94.01.3 50.02.0 12.03.0 6.05.0 4.0

Thus, for example, with tower heights of ap-proximately 95 feet and K = 2, radio wave line -of -sight interference could be encountered 12 percent of the time at receivers 35 miles away fromthe interfering transmitter. This is too muchinterference for a quality 1TFS system. It caneasily be seen from this analysis that highertowers increase the problem.

A combination of steps can be taken to reducethis frequency of interference, the specific ones

depending upon the local situation.Careful siting of the transmitters is the most

effective way. Locating transmitters on highground helps. Best spot is preferably along aridge perpendicular to a line between interferingstations. This takes advantage of natural earthshadowing effects.

Other steps that help reduce interference are(1) use of transmitting antennas of minimumheight adequate for effective local coverage, (2)use of receiving antennas of minimum heightadequate for reliable reception from transmittersand (3) use of transmitting antennas with shaped -beam patterns.

Thus, skilled engineering in planning an ITFSsystem can pay off handsomely in conservation ofchannels and in prevention of interference.

Where frequency -sharing repeaters are used,short-cut system designing cannot be tolerated.Tower heights for each transmitter must be de-termined accurately as based on a completeengineering survey, as opposed to a few quickchecks, plus a 10 or 15 per cent safety marginadded to the tower height. That method mightassure local coverage but could easily doublethe chances of co -channel interference into otherchannel -sharing areas.

Skilled engineering will avoid such a problemas well as keep initial installation costs at a min-imum consistent with quality reception. BM/E

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82

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November, 1969-BM/E

the end of thepregnant pause

The Rapid -Q cartridge tape unit: Itdone away with the corpulent chunk ofthat lays there between the end ofrecorded message and the beginningof the next.Rapid -Q, in fact, gets there better than100% faster. Automatically. Without re-lays, mechanical engagements, switch-ing, or fat packages. And it alwaysstays very cool.The quick and the slim also has a fewmore firsts going for you: Like doing

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all of this for the price of most inexpensivetape units . . . while sacrificing nothing inplayback quality, versatility, and reliability.

And it comes ready for rack mountingor desk -top operation. It can even beremoted.To find out how Rapid -Q can keep thepregnant pause off your station's signal,write Visual Electronics Corporation,356 West 40th Street, New York, N Y.10018. Or call your local Visual rep-resentative today.

November, I969-BM/E


83

FCCACTIONS

The FCC has filed a petition withthe U.S. Court of Appeals andhas had the petition denied. TheCommission was petitioning fora rehearing in the WLBT (TV)case (written by District JusticeWarren E. Burger), in which theCourt reversed the FCC's decisionrenewing the station's license (seeBM/E, August, 1969, pp. 6, 8).WLBT's petition for rehearing wasalso turned down by the AppealsCourt.

Forfeiture of $2500 for repeatedviolation of its authorization termsand of amended Section 73.87 ofthe Rules about operation hours,has been asked of Kiro Inc., li-censee of station KIRO, Seattle,Washington.

Construction permit granted scu-ll', Battle Creek, Mich., for TVstation to operate on channel 41,has been cancelled, its applicationfor construction time extension

has been dismissed, its call lettershave been deleted and BCU-TV ap-plications for assignment of thepermit to West Michigan Tele-casters Inc. (licensee of WZZM-TV,Grand Rapids), has been returnedas unacceptable for filing.

Application for assignment ofWIBG, Philadelphia, license fromSeaboard Radio Broadcasting Cor-poration (wholly owned subsidiaryof Storer Broadcasting Company)to Buckley Broadcasting Corpora-tion of California, has beengranted. Purchase was $5,700,000.

Fairness doctrine complaints filedagainst ABC and Television Mem-bers of the NAB by Anthony R.Martin-Trigona of Champaign, Ill.,have been denied. Martin-Trigonahad charged ABC O&O stationwLs, Chicago, with refusing hisrequest to broadcast opposingviews to Red Skelton's recording,"Pledge of Allegiance," which wasmade first on Skelton's wLs(Tv)program.

Application by Midwestern Broad-casting Company for a new com-mercial TV station to operate onchannel 60, Toledo, Ohio, has been

granted, as well as Midwestern'srequest to locate the main studioat Oregon, Ohio,-outside the maincommunity-at the studio site ofits a -m station, woHo.

Application for voluntary transferof control of WJOI Radio Inc., li-censee of WJOI-AM and WQLT-FM,Florence, Alabama, from CecilBatchelor and Claude E. Sparksto Seven Points Investment Com-pany, has been granted. Considera-tion was $141,523.23, with $29,-000 in cash for present owners.The buyer assumed former owner'slong term debt of about $71,-959.28.

Forfeiture of $7500 has beenasked of International Broadcast-ing Corporation, Rio Piedras,Puerto Rico, licensee of radiostation wvoz, Carolina, PuertoRico, for "repeated failure to ob-serve terms of its station authoriza-tion and of provisions of sections"that concern modulation.

Petition of Mutual BroadcastingSystem asking reconsideration ofan authorization that ABC con-tinue to operate four radio net-

..,...C.Y,A-:

MARCONI would havewanted it that way...

We think the inventor of the radio would have likedthe TAPECASTER cartridge machine. We werea little too late to get Marconi's opinion, but whatreally matters is what our customers thinkof it and they like it.

T C M

TAIECASTER' TCM, INC.Box 662 - 12326 Wilkins Avenue, Rockville, Maryland 20851Phone: 942-6666 Area code 301

84

Circle 157 on Reade Service Card

November, 1969-BM/E

THE ALL NEW 1969/70 BROAD-

CAST EQUIPMENT BUYERS GUIDE

IS NOWAVAILABLE. IT IS THE

REFERENCE GUIDE OF THE

INDUSTRY. SINGLE COPIES ARE

$10.00, INCLUDING HANDLING

AND POSTAGE. MAIL YOUR CHECK

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works, has been denied; also turneddown was a request that the Com-mission rescind a waiver grantedto ABC. Mutual alleged that theFCC had reversed its position onspecifying that there be no groupsales or common rates establishedfor the multiple networks, thateach network be sold separatelyunder its individual rate card andthat no internetwork discounts bepermitted.

CP has been given to RKO Gen-eral Inc., licensee of WHCT-TV,Hartford, Conn., for 100-W, uhfTV translator station to serveHamden, Conn., on output chan-nel 83 by rebroadcasting WHCT-TVprograms. Vying petition of Con-necticut Television (licensee ofWHNB-TV, New Britain, Conn.) fordenial of RKO's application hasbeen denied.

Further action by the American,Columbia and National broadcast-ing companies is not warranted,according to the Commission, fol-lowing the networks' submission ofreports in response to complaintsof alleged staging of news eventsduring coverage of the Democratic

National Convention in Chicago inAugust, 1968.

Petitions by the Citizens Commit-tee to save WFMT, Chicago, askingwithdrawal of WON ContinentalFm Company's temporary author-ity to operate the fm station andasking that the record be held openuntil completion of FCC investiga-tions of allegations about WONContinental Broadcasting -con-trolled station WPIX-TV, New York,N.Y., have been denied. A motionfiled by Lorraine Perman, HarryBooth and others supporting theCitizens Committee petition andasking that another hearing ex-aminer be assigned to the WFMThearing, has also been denied.

Requests for waivers of the 50 per-cent a -m, fm nonduplication ruleby licensees of WHOM -FM andWEVD-FM, New York, N.Y., andWFLN-FM, Philadelphia, have beendenied and the stations have beengiven until Dec. 31, 1969, to bringtheir operations into compliance.Each station presently duplicatesall a -m programming on its fmfacilities in the same city underwaivers granted in the March 9,

1966, order-A-m-Fm ProgramDuplication, 2 FCC 2d 833.

Applications of Iowa State Univer-sity of Science and Technology,Ames, Iowa, licensee of Ames'educational standard broadcast sta-tion woi, for extension of its spe-cial service authorization and forregular authority to operate with1 kW power from 6 a.m. localtime until local sunrise, have beendenied.

Petition by Mission Cable TVInc., holder of CATV franchisesin San Diego, Calif., asking re-consideration of an order dismiss-ing Mission's petition against re-newal of KFMB-TV, San Diego,license, has been denied.

Petition by Boone Biblical College,licensee of station KFGQ-FM,Boone, Iowa, for reconsiderationof Commission's action of Jan. 15,1969, of returning Boone's appli-cation and denying a request forwaiver of the mileage separationrequirements of Section 73.207(a),has been denied and its applicationhas been returned.

2x2 slide projectors for the television film chain

by SET FCTROSLIDE

Spindler & Sauppe offers thebroadest line of slide projectorsfor the television industry ...seven models in all. There's one tofit your requirements exactly: coloror monochrome; uniplex ormultiplex; forward or reverseactuation; sequential or randomaccess operation; 16 -slide to96 -slide capacity. All built to thehighest professional standards.Write for complete information.

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SPECTRUM 32: The most advanced slide projector available. 32 slide, for color or mono-chrome chains. Many exclusive features.

MODEL 332: Workhorse of the industry,now improved. 32 slide, for monochromechains. Model 322: single turret for 16slides, monochrome or color.

MODEL SLX-TV: 96 slide, random access.SLS-TV: 48 slide, random access. SLD-TV96 slide, sequential. SL -TV: 48 slide,sequential. SLR -TV: 48 slide, sequentialforward/reverse. All for monochrome orcolor chains.



CONVERTINGTOSTEREO?

Here's theReplacement for your 602-C Equalizer.

The Gray Research Model 808A and 810A BroadcastEqualizers are now available to replace your older lowimpedance passive units. These compact devices enimi.nate the need for additional preamplification and allowyou to input your 47,000 OHM cartridge into a 50, 150or 250 OHM microoutput curves areWrite for Literature Pak

phone channel. Fouravailable.on all Gray Products.

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PRIMO COMPANY LTD.Head Office: 25-1, 6-chome, Mure, Mdakashi, Tokyo, Japan Tel 0422-43-3121-7

Cable "Primo Kusashino Mitaka" Telex: 2822-326 PRIMO MUSChicago Illinois Office: A.P.T. No.204, 530 W. Surf. St., Chicago Illinois 60657,

U. S A Tel 312472:6142 Telex 254225 PRIMO MUS CGOILLUSA

D. J.'s... Combo -Men...Station Managers...

Technical Assistants...Want to move up

faster inBroadcasting?

1- Get yourself a First ClassFCC License the CIE way!

No matter what your goals are in broadcasting-no matter which side of the microphone you wantto work on-you'll earn more money, and get to do"your own thing" a lot faster, if you've got a FirstClass FCC License.

If you're a D.J. or Combo -Man looking for abetter job and a chance to make a name for yourself-you'll find it's easier to get the spot you want atthe station of your choice if you can say that youalso have a First Class Ticket. Ask around and see.

If you're a station manager-having a First ClassTicket means you're better equipped both to super-vise and to substitute for technical personnel-andto choose and evaluate new equipment. So you'reworth more to any station owner.

If you're an announcer, technical assistant-or justan ambitious beginner waiting for a lucky break-you'll find that the "lucky breaks" come sooner ifyou have something more to offer your employerbesides your interest and ambition. And that "some-thing more" that separates the men from the boysin this business-is a First Class FCC License.

You've probably heard that it's very difficult topass the FCC License exam. For un-trained men,it is hard. In fact, an average of two out of everythree men who take the FCC exam fail.

There is one way, however, of being pretty cer-tain that you will breeze through the FCC examwith flying colors. That's to take one of the FCChome study courses offered by the Cleveland Insti-tute of Electronics. CIE courses explain things soclearly that better than 9 out of every 10 CIE grad-uates who take the FCC exam pass it. That's whyCIE can afford to offer this ironclad, money -backWarranty: "A Cleveland Institute of ElectronicsFCC License course will quickly prepare you for aGovernment FCC License. If you don't pass theFCC exam after completing your course, CIE willrefund all your tuition. You get an FCC License...or your money back!"

With that kind of Warranty you have nothing tolose on CIE training. And everything to gain.

So send today for our FREE booklet, "How ToGet A Commercial FCC License." CIE, 1776 E.17th St., Cleveland, Ohio 44114.

CIE Cleveland Institute of Electronics1776 East 17th Street. Cieveiand, Ohio 44114

Please send me your FREE book, "How ToGet A Commercial FCC License."

Print Name

Address

City

State Zip AgeVeterans & Servicemen: Check here for

G.I. Bill InformationAccredited Member National Home Study Council BM -23


November, 1969-BM/E

LCircle 162 on Reader Service Card

87

runtheMARATHON

andwince

The patented differential hub on this MARA-THON continuous tape cartridge provides con-stant tension at any speed - without specialwinding. If you're already using highspeed equip-ment, you can fast -forward wind MARATHONcartridges with no fear of spew -out.

This, plus a precision guide path which assuresthe best possible handling of your tape, guarantees maximum broadcast quality every time youuse the tape, not merely "most of the time,"And you'll get considerably greater tape life,

MARATHON cartridges meet all NAB specifi,cations and exceed them where it counts, NABspecifications call for a maximum drive forceof 6 ounces. MARATHON cartridges never exceed1/2 ounce!

Major cartridge users are running the MARA-THON. They're under constant tension, and theylove it. In every detail of design and performance,MARATHON cartridges demonstrate quality whichassures MARATHON performance. Can we sendyou complete engineering specifications andprices today?

MARATHONBROADCAST EQUIPMENT SALES CORPORATION

57 NORTH PUTNAM ST.. DANVERS, MASS. 01923 . (617) 774-6066Circle 163 on Reader Service Card

"Trifles makeperfection

and perfectionis no trifle."

We wish that we had said it first. But we didn't.A perfectionist named Michelangelo deservescredit for the line. Here at Benco, we designand engineer CATV equipment as if he waslooking over our shoulder. We figure hewould have insisted on nothing less than aperfect picture via CATV. And after all, ifMichelangelo would have approved of ourwork, we shouldn't have any problem pleasingyou. Or your viewers.

Built by perfectionistsfor perfectionists.

Model Benfeed - a high grain, low distortion CATV amplifier

with four -stage transistor construction. Ideal for sub -trunk,trunk, feeder or distribution line.

Benco Television CorporationU.S. Sales and Factory Service, 724 Bugbee Street,P. 0. Box 10068, Jacksonville, Florida 32207In Canada: Benco Television Associates27 Taber Road, Rexdale, Ontario.

LCircle 164 on Reader Service Card

November, 1969-BM/E88

BM/E CLASSIFIED MARKETPLACECLASSIFIED ADVERTISING RATES

DISPLAY CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING: $22.50 per inch lx; $22.00 per inch 3x; $21.00 per inch 6x; $20.00per inch 12x. ALL OTHER CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 25¢ per word; minimum $3.00. BLIND BOX NUMBER:No extra charge. Replies sent to address below will be forwarded to you. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE; sendcheck with order. CLOSING DATE: 5th of 2nd month preceding issue date.

BM/E, Monterey and Pinola Avenues, Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 17214 Phone 717/794-2191

HELP WANTED

VIDEO TAPE ENGINEER

Professional Video -Tape Engineer: immediate opening for applicantwith strong professional supervisory background in maintenance andoperation of video tape and sound recording equipment. Modern, newfacilities at large 4A Advertising Agency, New York City location.

Salary commensurate with education and experience; probably $17-20,000 range.

Send resume to Box 1169-8 c/o BM/E, Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 17214.

An Equal Opportunity Employer

REGIONAL SALES MANAGER- ATLANTA -

Gravco Sales, Inc. is looking for the rightman to head the Atlanta Sales Office. Salesexperience is desired but Broadcast Engineer-ing qualifications are essential. Gravco Sales,a subsidiary of The Grass Valley Group, Inc.,is offering this opportunity to the person whowants to become a member of a progressiveNational Sales organization. Send qualifica-tions to: R. N. Lawrence, Gravco Sales, Inc.,6515 Sunset Blvd., Hollywood, Calif. 90028.

News Director for strong local news operation.Take charge of smooth functioning local newsbureau. Above average pay for man unafraidof hard work with ability to gather, write anddeliver local news. Opportunity for play-by-playsports, WCOJ, Coatesville, Pa. (215) 384-2100.Chief engineer -entirely responsible for the de-sign, maintenance and operation of io andvidicon cameras, quad and helical vtr's, filmprojectors, cable distribution systems, audiosystems and technical personnel. $10,000 tostart. Technician -will operate and help main-tain above. $6,000 to start. Wendell Ford,College of the Desert, 43-500 Monterey Ave.,Palm Desert, Calif. 92260. 714/346-8041.

Field service engineers, full or part time open-ings throughout U.S. enable you to share inexciting new Automation generation. Write L.Wortman, Schafer Electronics, 9119 De SotoAve., Chatsworth, Calif. 91311.Southeastern AM -FM -TV station offers aboveaverage salaries for experienced engineers. Firstclass licenses necessary. Must have TV experi-ence. AM -FM experience desired. Reply mustbe complete with references, photograph andsalary requirement. Reply Box 1169-5 BM/E.Combined AM -FM -TV facility in medium sizedMinnesota market has opening for assistantchief engineer. College background preferred.Contact Box 11694 BM/E.Wanted: Engineers with FCC first class license.Only technically experienced need reply. Fullycolorized station operation. AMPEX. GE andNorelco equipment. Excellent pay and benefits.Send resume to C. Iannucci, C. E., WNTIC, 135College St., New Haven, Conn. 06510.HELP WANTED: Television engineer to be incharge of master control operations in CCTVincluding master switching, operating all facetsof film chain, operating video tape machinesrequiring experienced quad VTR maintenancetechnician and operator, in state-of-the-art uni-versity operation. Interaction with operationsengineers about picture quality and everythingthat goes on the air and with programmingabout film and video taped programs. ContactState University College. Oneonta. New York.Phone: 607 431-3314.Top news station in Westchester County. N.Y.,has opening for capable man who can dig,write, deliver. A "Home" for the right person,good nay, fine benefits including retirement,hospitalization, excellent working conditions.Five-day week. Tape and resume. WLNA, AM -FM, Box lilt, Peekskill, N.Y. 10566.

1st Class responsible engineer needed immedi-ately to maintain well established Class IV Vir-ginia AM station. This operation has recentlybeen moved into new facilities. Hospitalizationand pension plans; send resume, references, andother details to Box 1169-2 BM/E.

HELP WANTED -TECHNICALKWWL-AM-FM-TV. Waterloo, Iowa is ex-panding its engineering staff. Position is avail-able at both studio and transmitter for 1st Classengineer having aptitude in the area of opera-tions or maintenance. Contact E. M. Tink, VicePresident of Engineering.

tenance for 10 Kw stereo station. Send resumeand salary required to Mr. Patrick, WCLV,Penthouse East, Terminal Tower, Cleveland,Ohio 44113.

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT *2Assistant TV Engineer -New southern univer-sity CCTV. kinescope and soon FM radio fa-cility. 1st Phone and VTR experience required.Send resume. 1169-6 BM/EDue to expanded operation of new broadcastcenter being constructed, we have immediateopenings for licensed engineers. Salary com-mensurate with experience. Send resume: Direc-tor of Engineering. KETC-TV. 6996 MillbrookBlvd., St. Louts, Missouri, 63130.Chief Engineer, immediate opening with full-time 5 KW directional, in northern Virginia.Send resume with references and salary re-quirements. Please reply Box 1169-1#1 engineer for Pennsylvania CA'TV. Get in onground floor of expanding operation. Box 1169-9, c/o BM/E. Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 17214.

POSITIONS WANTED

Broadcast Engineer presently employed by ma-jor network. Five years color operations, main-tenance and system experience. First ClassRadio Telephone. Seeks position South -Midwest,Southwest commercial or educational station.Complete resume and details upOn request. Box1169-3 BM/E.Broadcast Engineer B.S.E.E. interested in Edu-cational Radio -Television position. 29 with fam-ily, write to William Reach, Radio San Rafael,Box 546, Cochabamba, Bolivia, S. A.Are things really changing! 3rd class ticket.Leonard Harvey, 216 -08 -132nd Ave. SpringfieldGardens, Long Island, New York 11413. 212 -LA7-5530.Negro Jock -talented, dependable, tight board.third, too school graduated. Relocate anywhere.Hubert Tatum. 2101 Telegraph Ave.' Oakland,California 94612. 415/451-5711. Ext. 621.Beginning Negro broadcaster professionallytrained, strong on news and commercials. Sea-soned musician and MC for 6 years in SanF ranci sco-Srd endorsed -Phil MacFarland.1426 Pennsylvania Ave., Richmond, Calif. 94801.415/237-2647.1st class Eng. desires transmitter watch, in TVor AM. Twelve years experience in AM and TVstations. No studio work. Licensed since 1941.Prefer Western states, will consider other lo-cale. J. Taylor, 1106 Burbank Blvd.. Burbank,Calif. 91502.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

FRANCHISE

DISTRIBUTORSHIPS

FOR

SEEBURG

BACKGROUND MUSIC

We are expanding our distributor ter-ritories, and offer to those who qualifyfranchises for background music, withphone lines, FM Multiplex, or on -

premise systems.

Complete details forwarded on request:Address:

Joseph F. Hards, Vice Pres.SEEBURG MUSIC LIBRARY, INC.

1500 North Dayton StreetChicago, Illinois 60622

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

Electronic research type 425 25kw isolationtransformer (AM tower isocoupler) used oneyear on 97.1 mc, Factory will convert to yourFM frequency. Make reasonable offer -cost$2800.00 -Frank Carman, KLUB-KWIC, Box389. Salt Lake City, Utah 84110.SOLID-STATE AUDIO PLUG-IN OCTAL (1"Dia x 2" H) modules. Mic preamps, disc &tape preamp-equalizers, tape bias osc. & recordampl., power amps & power supplies. Send forfree catalog and audio applications. OpampLabs., 172 So. Alta Vista Blvd., Los Angeles,California 90036.Best offer, items can be bought separately, 2MacKenzie 1CPR recorders. 3 MacKenzie play-back units 5CPB 5 drawers each with remotecontrol units 200-300 Cartridges, Radio stationWHIL. Medford, Massachusetts 02155 (617-396-1430).

FOR SALEONAN 35Kw 3 phase Delta with 220/120single phase takeoff. Gasoline powered, 150hours running time, 1958 model. Generator, au-tomatic line transfer switch, automatic batterycharger. $2,000 F.O.B. Farmington, Connecti-cut.

Contact:Gregory Fortune

203

WRcaFarmingto-6774521 Connecticut

2" Helical VTR -Ampex 'VR-660. Low mile -a2ge,

mint condition. Call collect (716) 732-100.

Rigt 0108 Studio -Transmitter remote controlunits $400.00. 24 -position Vpe, Moved trans-mitter -using microwave. KUM Radio, LosAngeles, Calif. 90015.Tower fabrication, erection and maintenance;used tower equipment. Coastal Tower & Weld-ing, Inc., P.O. Box 984, Tallahassee, Florida.Phone 904-877-7456.Ampex 300, 350, 352, 400, 450 users, for greaterS/N ratio, replace first playback stage 12S.I7with our plug-in transistor Dreamt,. For speci-fications write VIF INTERNATIONAL, POBox 1555, Mtn. View, Ca. 94040.TRANSLATOR POWER Now put your transla-tor where antenna should be for best coveragenot where power line happens to be. Use aTELAN thermoelectric generator. No movingparts. simple to operate, leave unattended 612months. General instrument Corp., Thermo-electric Division. Dept. BM. 65 Gouverneur St.,Newark, N.J. 07104, 201-485-2100 ext. 481.


EQUIPMENT WANTED (cont'd)

Visual 6000 TV Automation system -true timeand elapsed time switching, 12 pre -rolls 2 -punch tape readers, one tape punch -audioswitcher for mixes and audio follow. Unit inservice and can be seen by appointment. Also-GE PF 10-16 mm continuous motion TVprojector; GE TV86 optical multiplexer; GEPE21 vidicon film chain. John Neeck, WPIX,220 E. 42nd St., New York, N.Y.SCULLY TAPE RECORDERS: Mono., 2, 4, 8,12, & 16 track models plus 270 automatic play-ers. Some models in stock now. W.A.L. customaudio control consoles & console modules.Solid state 120 Watt power Amps. We buy andrebuild Scully lathes. WIEGAND AUDIO 'LAB-ORATORIES, INC. 3402 Windsor Road, Wall,N.J. 07719. Phone 201/681-6443.Jack Panels and patch cords, Audio and Video,new and used. Precision video coax cable andconnectors (Belden 8281). Write for catalog.Gulf Electro-Sales, Inc., 6325 Beverly Hill,Houston, Texas 77027. Phone 713-781-3066.AMERICA'S LARGEST STOCK AND CON-SIGNMENT LISTING of new and used broad-cast and recording equipment. We trade -sell andbuy. THE MAZE CORPORATION, P.O. Box6636, Birmingham, Alabama 35210.AMPEX AG -500-2 tape recorder in case 71/2,15 IPS, excellent condition, six months old,$1,100; Ampex F4470, like new, $275; Associ-ated -Pacific Enterprises, P.O. Box 632, BeverlyHills, Calif. 90213Protect your Lps. Heavy poly sleeves for jackets50; paper poly sleeves for records 104; min.order $5.00. Record Supplies, Hillbum, N.Y.10931.

MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE

SIGNS. NAMEPLATES, LABELS, Decals,Badges, Trophies, Plaques. Seton Corp., Dept.BM/E. New Haven, Conn. 06505.Third Class License instruction booklet, reviewsall phases necessary for license, also containssample test. $1 each. Order from Baker Pub-lishing, 443 So. 13th Street, Lincoln, Neb.68508.

EQUIPMENT WANTED

AUTOMATION SYSTEM IN GOOD CONDI-TION WANTED. TERMS DESIRED. 1169-7BM/E, Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 17214.

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE (cont'd)

Need B&W film chain, multiplexer, and goodquality switcher. Send quotes to Herb Schoen -holm, Director of Engineering, WSVI-TV, 31AKing Cross Street, Christiansted, St. Croix,U.S. Virgin Islands.

PROGRAM SERVICES

TAPES FOR AUTOMATION

THE CnB STUDIOS

3415 BERESFORD AVENUEBELMONT, CALIFORNIA 940024 1 5 / 5 9 2 - 6 1 4 9

35,000 professional comedy lines! Forty speakers' joke books plus current comedy, a topicahumorous service period. Catalog free. Sampleselection. $5. John Rain Associates, Inc.. 232Madison Avenue. New York City 10016."365 Days of Laughs". Only Daily Radio gagservice . . . prepared by deejays for deejays. $5per month. Box 3736, Merchandise Mart Station,Chicago, Ill., 60654.DEEJAYS! 11,000 classified gag lines, $10.00.Unconditionally guaranteed! Comedy catalogfree. Edmund Orrin, Boyer Road, Mariposa,Calif. 95338.CURRENT COMEDY -65-70 original, topi-cal one-liners each issue, twice -a -month, forentertainers, deejays, broadcasters. Send forfree sample: Current Comedy, Inc., 300 NewJersey Avenue, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003.

TECHNICAL SERVICES

If your microphone does not make you SOUNDTHE WAY YOU WANT TO SOUND writeTHE SOUND DOCTOR. Box 3694, Binning -ham, Alabama.CUSTOM STYLUS-cartridge retipping, re-building replacements. International AudioStylus Corp., 111-D Lake Ave., Tuckahoe, NewYork. 10707 (Telephone: (914) SP9-1297.)

,

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Ultra modern, compact design offersboth record and playback function.Hinged top provides easy access tocircuitry and plug-in heads.Triple tape -guide head mount. Directmotor/capstan drive transport.

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CALIFORNIA-

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Let's talk computerized traffic /accounting

road a ter -to -BROADCASTER

ProgramAnalysis

Logs Avails Confirmations Billing Rep Reports Copy Shortage Reports Sales& Prognosis Aging of Accounts Receivable Time Income Reports Sales Journal, etc.

CALL OR WRITE P.O. BOX

VERY FEW INPUTSNO KEY PUNCH CARDSTO SORT,STACK,FILEOR SHUFFLE

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"THE PROFESSIONALS"BROADCAST

COMPUTERSERVICES

A Division of Wolv Corp.

SPRINGS, COLO. 80901 / (303) 471-3900

TECHNICAL SERVICES (cont'd)

AMPEX HEAD ASSEMBLYRelapping and replacement head service forall AMPEX professional studio model re-corders. Our precision relapping extendshead life for maximum use. Brand new shelfstock replacement heads of our manufactureavailable when relapping not advisable.Prices include thorough assembly cleaning,optical and electrical inspection and completetesting on Ampex equipment. Monaural as-sembly relappmg . . . $35.00 complete.Monaural assembly replacements ... $119.50complete. "Loaner" assemblies available.For more data, contact LIPPS, Inc., 1630Euclid St., Santa Monica, Calif. 90404 (213)EX 3-0449.

-\

IN CANADA . . .FOR CATV SYSTEM: ENGINEERING -

PLANNING - CONSTRUCTION -TECHNICAL SERVICES - MAINTENANCE

- SYSTEM SUPPLIES -CLOSED CIRCUIT EQUIPMENT SALES

DEPEND ON EXPERIENCEDEPEND ON

NORAM1780 Albion Road (416) 741-0566

Rexdale, Ont., Canada

CONSULTANTS

ROSNER TELEVISIONSYSTEMS

ENGINEERS -CONTRACTORS29 SOUTH MALL

PLAINVIEW, N.Y. 11803(516) 694-1903

JANSKY & BAILEYBROADCAST -TELEVISION DEPARTMENT

Atlantic Research CorporationA Division of

The Susquehanna Corporation1812 K Street N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20006Member AFCCE (202) 296-6400

INSTRUCTION

R.E.I.'s famous (5) week course for the FirstClass Radio Telephone License is the shortest,most effective course in the nation. Over 98%of R.E.I. graduates pass F.C.C. exams for 1stclass license. Total tuition $360.00. Job place-ment free. Write for brochure Radio Engineer-ing Incorporated Schools. 1336 Main Street,Sarasota. Florida 33577-or 3123 ()Wham Road,Kansas City, Missouri 64109-or 809 CarolineStreet. Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401-or 625E. Colorado Street. Glendale, California 91205.FCC License in six weeks from the nation'tlargest license school. Compare reputationsand success rates before you invest. Profes-sional announcing training on the nation'sonly fully school -operated commercial stationused solely for training. School locations inDallas, Houston. Atlanta, Chicago, New Orleansand Minneapolis. Write Elkins Institute. 2603Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235.First phone through tape recorded lessons athome plus one week personal instruction inWashington, D.C., Atlanta, Boston, Detroit,New Orleans, Minneapolis, Seattle, Denver,Portland, Los Angeles. Proven results. Our 17thyear teaching FCC license courses. Bob JohnsonBroadcast License Training, 1060D Duncan,Manhattan Beach. Calif 90266. Phone 213-379-4461.

USE BM /E's CLASSIFIEDMARKETPLACE TO REACHOVER 26,000 BROADCASTERS!

Please run the ad attached In BM/E'sCLASSIFIED MARKETPLACE in your next:ID 12 Issues El 6 issuesEl 3 issues El 1 issueBM/E, Classified Advertising Department,Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 17214.

Circle 166 on Reader Service Card90

November, 1969-BM/E

BM* ADVERTISERS' INDEX

Advance Industries, Inc. 70 McMartin Industries Inc. . 10

American Electronic Laboratories, Inc. 74 Marathon Broadcast Equipment SalesCorp. 88

Ampex Corp. 67

Ampro Corp., Insta-Tape Div. 64

Applied Electro-Mechanics Inc. 18

Ball Brothers Research Corp. 16

Benco Television Corp. 88

Boston Insulated Wire & Cable Co. 69

Broadcast Computer Services 90

Broadcast Equipment Buyers Guide 85

CBS Laboratories, A Div. of ColumbiaBroadcasting System, Inc. 5

Canon U.S.A. Inc. 69

Cleveland Institute of Electronics 87

Collins Radio Co. 3

Comm/Scope, A SuperiorContinental Company 9, 65

Communications Professionals 59

*Conrac Div.,Conrac Corp. Between 38 & 39

Control Concepts Corp., A Sub. ofPresearch, Inc. 58

Cosmicar Optical Co., Ltd. 70

Datatron Inc. 23

Davis & Sanford 63

Dynair Electronics Inc. 55

Eastman Kodak 57

Fairchild Recording Equipment Corp. 82

Filmline Corp. 80

Fort Worth Tower Co , Inc. 91

Gates Automatic Tape Control Div.,A Sub. of Harris-IntertypeCorp. 12, 13, 66

Gotham Audio Corp. Cover 2

Grass Valley Group Inc., The 75

Gray Research 87

Insta-Tape, A Div. of Ampro Corp. 64

International Good Music 62

International Nuclear Corp. Cover 3

International Video Corp. 78, 79

Lenkurt Electric Co., Inc. 73

Demographic Insert

Metrotech 26

Micro Communications, Inc. 64

Microwave Associates 7

3M Co.,Mincom Div. 47

Minolta Corp. 72

Philips Broadcast EquipmentCorp. 19, 20, 21, 22, 59, 61, 63

Primo Company Ltd. 87

Quick -Set Incorporated 66

Sony Corp. of America 15

Sparta Electronics Corp. 90

Spindler Si Sauppe, Inc. 86

Stancil-Hoffman Corp. . 82

Superior Continental Corp. 9, 65

Sylvania Photolamp 24, 25

TAB Books 77

Taber Manufacturing & Engineering Co 63

Tapecaster TCM 84

Tektronix Inc. 68

TeleMation Inc. 60

Tele-Measurements, Inc. 76

Telemet, A Div. of Geotel, Inc. Cover 4

Varian Associates 71

Visual Electronics Corp. 83

Vital Industries, Inc. 48

Wilkinson Electronics Inc. 14, 61, 81

THE

LEADE

IN

C V

T WERS,'Quality-Service

and Price!"

Yes, quality, service and priceon CATV systems are the rea-sons for Forth Worth Tower's po-sition as the industry's leadingsupplier. Experience gained asa pioneer supplier of CATV en-ables Fort Worth Tower to pro-vide yoL with a quality productat a price that is reasonableand attractive.

Take advantage of our experi-ence. For assistance in systemsplanning, engineering and com-plete systems quotations . . .

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evre 20eptel 7aetietCOMPANY, INCORPORATED

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ADVERTISING SALES OFFICESRobert G. Drake, Advertising Director

Edward F. Clancy, Advertising Services Manager

EAST COAST820 Second AvenueNew Ycrk, New York 10017212-661-0450

H. R. Shanton Granger

NEW ENGLAND41 Stevens LaneCohasset, Massachusetts 02025617-383-0029

Donald B. Kennedy

MIDWEST612 North Michigan AvenueChicago, Illinois 60611312-642-3774

Thomas F. X. Carter

WEST COAST1245 East Walnut StreetPasadena, California 91106213-795-1528213-684-0590 (Los Angeles)

Lawrence C. Papp

Thompson & Healey Inc.1111 Hearst BuildingSan Francisco, California 94103415-362-8547

William J. Healey

JAPANNippon Keisoku Inc.P.O. Box 410Central Tokyo, Japan

Yoshi Yamamoto

91

PRODUCT INDEX

F.0\/ THE

EDITORITV: Integral Rather Than Supplemental?

The cost of public education has exceeded the taxability ofproperty owners and our schools are in trouble. About 80percent of any school budget is for teacher salaries, and thesituation is worsening. Teacher productivity has not risen overthe years and cost per student hour of instruction has goneup. Could ITV reverse this trend?

It won't happen, not with the way ITV is now being used.Below the college level, the addition of ITV facilities increasesthe annual cost of education per student. The only argumentfor the medium in elementary and secondary schools is thatit improves the quality of education-for a few pennies, itenriches the learning experience.

We don't wish to denegrate the contribution that ITV hasmade so far. TV has made it possible for ghetto kids to learnthat milk comes from cows and not stores and, when the cam-era has been directed not on cows but on the ghetto itself, themedium has helped explain to middle-class whites the frustra-tion and anger that so often inflames the inner city inhabitant.TV as the "now" medium can bring about understanding. But,as a means for lowering the cost of education, ITV is a fail-ure that nobody seems to be concerned about.

The major thrust in educational research today is towardIPI (individually prescribed instruction). There are two greathopes for IPI: one, that each individual will more nearly beable to fulfill his potential as a result of individualization, andtwo, the teacher will become more effective as a director oflearning rather than as a fount of all knowledge.

Right now the average teacher spends 85 percent of theclassroom hour talking. This method of dispensing cognitiveknowledge is inefficient. There are numerous other mediaavailable that are faster and more efficient. Sometimes TV isthat ideal medium. It would thus seem logical that ITV leadersshould be heavily engaged in efforts to determine how andwhen ITV could best service IPI. This means helping to setinstructional objectives so that the TV medium is used whenit is the most logical choice. ITV should become an integral,rather than a supplemental, part of the curriculum. It appearsinstead that the ITV establishment has decided that it will notgain acceptance except as an enrichment resource.

This attitude does nothing to help reduce the cost of in-struction-a crucial factor in this year of wholesale taxpayerrevolts with new school budgets as the primary targets. ITVshould not be outside the curriculum -planning core. That maybe its proper place when it's used ineffectively. Used well,ITV can make a major impact on both the quality and cost ofeducation.

James A. LippkeEditor

97

A quick reference to products mentioned editoriallyor in advertisements. Page number is listed first(light face type) followed by reader service number(bold face).

AUDIO EQUIPMENT61/124 Amplifiers/Wilkinson59/121 Audio components/Fairchild63/287 Consoles, audio mixing/Visual59/122 Consoles, mixers/PhilipsIFC/100 Consoles, mixing/Gotham3/101 Consoles, remote/Collins

62/126 Control systems/IGM87/160 Equalizer/Gray Research87/161 Microphone/Primo56/279 Microphone/Turner81/153 Monitors, as -m frequency & modulation/

Wilkinson10/105 Monitors, fm modulation calibrators/56/275 McMartin56/281 Preamplifiers/QRK48/118 Processing amplifier/Vital84/157 Tape cartridge machine/Tapecaster TCM88/163 Tape cartridges/Marathon90/165 Tape cartridge system/Sparta83/156 Tape cartridge unit/Visual60/283 Tape deck, stereo/Concord64/132 Tape player, automated/Ampro26/113 Tape recorders/Metrotech61/125 Tape recorders/Philips82/154 Tape recorders/Stancil-Hoffman62/126 Taped program service/IGM5/102 Various products/CBS Labs

TELEVISION CONTROL & STUDIO EQUIPMENT78/150 Cameras, color/International Video15/107 Cameras, color/Sony56/284 Cameras, color/Sony19/110 Cameras, color film/Philips56/276 Cameras, Super-8/Cinema Beaulieu69/140 Camera lenses, zoom/Canon70/143 Camera lenses, zoom/Cosmicar66/135 Camera mounts/Quick-Set63/128 Camera stands/Davis & Sanford59/288 Camera tripods/Power Optics47/117 Color dropout compensator/3M-Mincom58/120 Delay line, automatic/Control Concepts18/109 Keying amplifier/Applied Electro-Mechanics71/136 Klystrons/Varian22/110 Mobile vans/Philips16/108 Monitors/Ball Bros. Research86/159 Projectors, slide/Spindler & SauppeBC/168 Routing switcher/Telemet75/14767/13712/10663/29323/1115/102

IBC/16860/123

Switching equipment/Grass Valley GroupTape, helical scan/AmpexTransmitter, VHF color TV/GatesVTR, color editing/Bell & HowellVTR, editing & control system/DatatronVarious products/CBS Labs

Various products/International NuclearVarious products/TeleMation

TRANSMITTER EQUIPMENT7/103 Microwave relay/Microwave Assoc.

73/145 Microwave system/Lenkurt

ANTENNAS, TOWERS & TRANSMISSION LINES64/131 Transmission line systems/Micro-

Communications

CATV (see also: COMPONENTS, WIRE & CABLE)74/146 Amplifiers/American Electronic Labs88/164 Amplifiers/Benco63/129 Cameras, color/Philips55/119 Demodulators/Dynair70/142 Equipment buildings/Advance91/167 Towers/Fort Worth Tower60/123 Various products/TeleMation

TEST EQUIPMENT72/144 Exposure meter/Minolta63/292 FET tester/B&K Div., Dynascan76/148 Test pattern illuminators & slides/

Tele-Measurements63/127 Test tapes/Taber68/138 Vectorscope/Tektronix

PHOTOGRAPHIC & LIGHTING EQUIPMENT80/152 Color film processor/Filmline24/112 Lamps, tungsten-halogen/Sylvania59/289 Lighting kit/Hervic Corp.

COMPONENTS, WIRE & CABLE9/104 Cable, ooaxial/Comm/Scope

69/141 Cable & connectors/131W65/133 Connectors/Comm/Scope61/294 Conductive tape/Adhere-on Tape Corp.14/114 Silicon rectifiers/Wilkinson

MISCELLANEOUS59/121 Advisors to industry/Communications

Professionals77/149 Books/TAB90/166 Computerized systems/Broadcast

Computer Services87/162 Home study courses/C.I.E.61/296 Radio base, 2 -way FM/G.E.

rTDA2DVIDEO/PULSEDISTRIBUTION AMPLI=IERWith differential input.

The first transistorized distribution amplifierto be commercially available. Morein use than any other model in the world.Over 1,000 in use by a major television networkIn use at almost every TV staticn in the nation.Hundreds in use by telephone companies.Has a one-year guarantee.$295.00 FOB Nashville.

For complete information, write to:

INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION608 Norris Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 37204-Ph. 1615)254-3365

TBC2

TCS2COLOR OSCILLATOR

STANDARDThe color standards Nhich are now avai able

to the industry Show, in some cases, a certaindegree of jitter which has proved to be

intolerable when sec:.nd and third genera -iontapes are made. Our TZS2 is free of jitter and

has been thoroughly tested for several monthsunder a variety of ccnditions. The stability of

the 3 58 MHz oscillator is better than one partper million. I-bs a one-year guaran-ee.

$975.00 FOB Nasl-ville.

IITERNATIONA

NUC

TRANSISTORIZEDBACKGROUND COLORIZER

When used with any modern specialeffects equipment, this unit can creEte colortitling and color matting from any black and white sowce.With the proper input signals a complete compositecolor signal is available for use witf any modernproduction color switcher. Luminance levelsare automatically set to approximate the values for75% color bars. This is done by the hue selector switc-i.Saturation can be adjustable to suit desires.Has a one-year guarantee. $675.00 FOB Nashville.

For complete information, write to:

INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION608 Norris Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 37204-Ph. :615) 254-3365

LEAR C

Fcr complete information, w-i-e to:

INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION608 Norris Ave., Nashvi I Tenn. 37204-Ph. (615)254-3365

ORP. COMINGNINON.

TSG3SYNC GENERATOR

* Lcw Cost

* Int.&grated circuits for cgicand clock functions

* Crystal controlled or fed from TCS2

Fc-r complete information, wire to:

INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION508 Norris Ave., Nashvi I e, Tenn. 37204-Ph. (615)254-3365


Even during a power failure,the routing path of theRLS-100 stays memorizedby use of magnetic latches.

Compact (13/4" high) andextremely low cost, theTelemet RLS-100 RoutingSwitcher can be expanded ...and expanded ... andexpanded again ... simply byadding modules. This

versatility makes the RLS-100ideal for both the smalleststations and the largestnetworks.Thoroughly tes-ed PC boardtype plJg-in relays insurehighest reliability; and audioand video can Ee switched onthe same relay. The plug-infeature also allows easyaccess for simplifiedmainte lance.

Telemet's Routing Switchernever forgets. And don't you.Call or write us today forcomplete specifications.

a division of GEOTEL, INC.185 Dixon Avenue, Amityville, New York 11701Telephone (516) 541-3600

'elemet's routing switcher never forgets.


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