Sedimentation Survey of Lago Guerrero, Puerto Rico, May 2001
1
EXPLANATION Surface-water station and number Lake-level station and number Town or city Río Guajataca drainage basin boundary 0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles QUEBRADILLAS CAMUY ISABELA LARES AGUADILLA SAN SEBASTIAN MOCA Canal Canal Canal Principal de de Diversión Moca Quebrada Quebrada los Río Río La Sequia Lago de Guajataca Guajataca Guajataca Cedros Lago Guerrero Aguadilla Map location ATLANTIC OCEAN 0114 0108 0112 0108 0112 67°04'10" 67°04'05" 67°04'00" 18°28'25" 18°28'30" 18°28'35" 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.4 3.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 RESERVOIR BOTTOM CONTOUR – Depth of the reservoir bottom, March 2006, in meters below spillway elevation of 125.73 meters above mean sea level. Contour interval variable. Shoreline shown as red line equal to spillway elevation or zero depth. The pumphouse structure location is approximate 1.0 Dam Pumphouse structure 0 0 100 200 Meters 250 500 Feets Canal Principal de Diversión EXPLANATION Selected cross section 3.0 Introduction Lago Guerrero is located in Aguadilla, northwestern Puerto Rico (fig. 1). The reservoir has a surface area of about 32,000 square meters and is excavated in Aymamón Limestone of Miocene age. This bedrock consists of chalk interbed- ded with solution-riddled hard limestone (Monroe, 1969). The reservoir was constructed in the 1930s as part of the Isabela Hydroelectric System to regulate flows to two hydroelectric plants–Central Isabel No. 2, at an elevation of about 110 meters above mean sea level, and Central Isabel No. 3, at about 55 meters above mean sea level. Hydroelectric power generation was discontinued during the early 1960s, although the exact date is unknown (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, written commun., 2007). The principal use of the reservoir since then has been to regulate flow to two public-supply water filtration plants and supply irrigation water for the Aguadilla area. Flow into the reservoir is derived from Lago Guajataca through a 26-kilometer-long Canal Principal de Diversion concrete canal (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, written commun., 2001). Additional inflow occurs on an incidental basis only during intensive rainfall from the immediate drainage area. The present Lago Guerrero drainage area is undetermined, due to the irregular and complex topography of the limestone terrain and anthropogenic modifications to the stormwater drainage system. Stormwater runoff, however, is presumed to be negligible compared to the almost constant inflow to the reservoir of about 59,300 cubic meters per day from Lago Guajataca (CSA Group, 2000). On March 9, 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Caribbean Water Science Center, in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA), conducted a bathymetric survey of Lago Guerrero to determine the storage capacity of the reservoir and sedimentation amount since a previous survey conducted on May 30, 2001. The March 2006 survey was made to develop a bathymetric map of the reservoir, establish baseline data for future reservoir capacity comparisons, and to estimate the average sedimentation rate over the preceding 5 years. Method of Survey The March 2006 bathymetric survey was conducted using a differential global positioning system (DGPS) coupled to a digital depth sounder similar to the one used for the May 2001 survey (Soler-López, 2002). The bathymetric data were then stored and transferred into a geographic information system (GIS), where final analysis and volume calculations were made following procedures similar to those used to develop a bathymetric map of Lago Guerrero reservoir in May 2001 (Soler-López, 2002). The GIS was used to analyze the bathymetric data for surveys of 2001 and 2006. For this study, 30 survey navigation lines were established at a spacing of about 5 meters parallel to the northwestern perimeter of the reservoir and continuing upstream. Geographic position and water depths were acquired simultaneously using a DGPS interfaced to a depth sounder. The pool elevation of the reservoir was measured at the existing PREPA reservoir staff gage before and after the data collection process. The soundings were subsequently adjusted to represent water depths below the spillway elevation. A bathymetric map representing the reser- voir bottom in March 2006 was then generated from the field data (fig. 2). A triangulated irregular network (TIN) surface model of Lago Guerrero was created from the bathymetric map, and the reservoir volume was calculated using the GIS. A stage-storage curve (fig. 3) and selected cross sections representing the reservoir bottom (fig. 2) were generated using the TIN surface model and the digital data from the 2001 and 2006 surveys. Storage Capacities, Bathymetry, and Sedimentation Rates The May 2001 and March 2006 bathymetric data indicate the storage capacity of Lago Guerrero has changed slightly between surveys. Because construction records for Lago Guerrero reservoir and original bathymetry were not available, the volumetric changes and bottom contour morphology are referenced to May 2001 conditions. As of May 30, 2001, Lago Guerrero had a calculated storage capacity of 127,376 cubic meters, and a spillway elevation of 125.73 meters above mean sea level (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, written commun., 2001). The storage capacity determined from the March 9, 2006, bathymetric survey was about 121,100 cubic meters, which represents a water storage capacity loss or sediment accumulation of 6,276 cubic meters. The reservoir has lost about 5 percent of its storage capacity over 5 years, which is equivalent to an annual loss rate of 1 percent per year from 2001 to 2006 or about 1,255 cubic meters per year. The relation between water volume and pool elevation of Lago Guerrero for 2006 is listed on table 1. Pool elevation, in meters above mean sea level Storage capacity, in cubic meters 125.73 121,100 125.58 111,659 125.27 102,378 124.97 93,258 124.66 84,339 124.36 75,722 124.05 67,405 123.75 59,394 123.44 51,773 123.14 44,546 122.83 37,708 122.53 31,202 122.22 24,977 121.92 19,034 121.62 13,704 121.31 8,986 121.01 4,837 120.70 1,628 120.40 181 120.09 1 119.83 0 Table 1. Lago Guerrero capacity table for March 9, 2006, at 0.305 meter (about 1 foot) elevation intervals. 67°04'00" 67°04'39" 18°28'15" 18°28'45" 66°53'38" 67°10'38" 18°15'00" 18°27'30" Figure 4. Aerial photograph view of Lago Guerrero, Puerto Rico, and part of the Canal Principal de Diversión of Lago Guajataca. A comparison between the May 30, 2001, and March 9, 2006, bathymetric maps indicates that sediment accumulation in Lago Guerrero from 2001 to 2006 has been minimal and has occurred primarily on the upper reach of the reservoir, nearest to the Canal de Diversion del Lago Guajataca intake (fig. 2, sections 3-6). In this reach, sediment accumulation has raised the reservoir bottom by an average of about 25 centimeters over 5 years. The source of the sediment (including debris such as trash and plant matter) is most likely wash- off into the irrigation canal where the channel is bordered by steep embank- ments. This sediment is transported into Lago Guerrero by the sustained flow in the channel from Lago Guajataca reservoir. (fig. 4). Figure 5 shows part of the Lago Guerrero flooded area and the vegetation surrounding it which contributes plant matter. Summary and Conclusions Lago Guerrero is a reservoir with a surface area of 32,000 square meters, constructed as part of the Isabela Hydroelectric System in the 1930s. The reser- voir consists of an excavation into the limestone bedrock constructed primarily to regulate flows to two hydroelectric plants. The bathymetric survey conducted on March 9, 2006, indicated a storage capacity of about 121,100 cubic meters. Prior to this survey, a storage capacity of 127,376 cubic meters was determined from a similar survey conducted on May 30, 2001. The difference in storage capacities represents a storage loss of about 6,276 cubic meters between surveys. Based on this storage loss, the inter survey (2001-2006) sedimentation rate of Lago Guerrero is about 1,255 cubic meters per year or about 1 percent of the original storage capacity (127,376 cubic meters) per year. A bathymetric map developed for the current (2006) survey indicates that most of the sedimen- tation in the reservoir has occurred in the upper part of the reservoir adjacent to the inlet channel. The lost storage capacity is probably sediment and debris washed into the Canal de Diversión del Lago Guajataca from the steep embank- ments along parts of the canal during stormwater runoff. Based on the current (2006) sedimentation rate of about 1,255 cubic meters per year, Lago Guerrero has an estimated useful life of about 96 more years or the year 2102. Figure 2. Bathymetric map of Lago Guerrero, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, March 2006. Shoreline modified from U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle Moca, Puerto Rico, from planetable surveys in 1922 and 1937. Revised in 1964. Lambert conformal conic projection. Puerto Rico state plane coordinate system. (Puerto Rico datum, 1940 adjustment). Base from 1997 CRIM aerial photo. 1:10,000 Canal Principal de Diversión REFERENCES CITED CSA Group, 2000, Evaluación de los canales del sistema de riego de la región noroeste de Puerto Rico: Resumen de Promedios Anuales de Descarga para Cada Estación: Sección 5, Tabla 9. Monroe, W.H., 1969, Geologic map of the Moca and Isabela quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-565, 1 pl. Soler-López, L.R., 2002, Sedimentation survey of Lago Guerrero, Puerto Rico, May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02- 4169, 12 p., 1 pl. DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW SPILLWAY ELEVATION DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW SPILLWAY ELEVATION DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW SPILLWAY ELEVATION DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW SPILLWAY ELEVATION DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW SPILLWAY ELEVATION DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW SPILLWAY ELEVATION 2001 2006 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS Section 6 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Section 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Section 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2001 2006 Section 3 0 2 4 6 8 10 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2001 2006 Section 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2001 2006 Section 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Figure 1. Location of Lago Guerrero in Aguadilla in northwestern Puerto Rico. STORAGE CAPACITY, IN CUBIC METERS 0 126.00 125.00 124.00 123.00 122.00 121.00 120.00 119.00 118.00 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 2001 2006 ELEVATION, IN METERS ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL Spillway elevation = 125.73 meters above mean sea level Figure 3. Relation between water storage capacity and pool elevation for Lago Guerrero, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, for 2001 and 2006. 2001 2006 2001 2006 SEDIMENTATION SURVEY OF LAGO GUERRERO, AGUADILLA, PUERTO RICO, MARCH 2006 By Luis R. Soler-López 2007 Prepared in cooperation with the PUERTO RICO ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 2007-2990 Sedimentation Survey of Lago Guerrero, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, March 2006 By Luis R. Soler-López, 2007 Figure 5. Lago Guerrero upstream view -- Upstrem view photograph of the Lago Guerrero flooded area taken from the top of the excavation dam. The photograph shows the typical vegetation that surrounds Lago Guerrero, which consists mainly of Puerto Rican almond tree Prunus amygdalus. Photograph taken by Luis Soler of the USGS on January 2, 2003.
Transcript of Sedimentation Survey of Lago Guerrero, Puerto Rico, May 2001
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Introduction
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
18°28'35"
Prepared in cooperation with the PUERTO RICO ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY
67°04'10"
EXPLANATION
67°04'05" 67°04'00"
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 2007-2990 Sedimentation Survey of Lago Guerrero, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, March 2006
By Luis R. Soler-López, 2007
DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW
SPILLWAY ELEVATION
0
2
4
6 2001
8 2006 Section 4
RESERVOIR BOTTOM CONTOUR – Depth of the reservoir bottom, 5.6 5.8 March 2006, in meters below spillway elevation of 125.73 meters
Lago Guerrero is located in Aguadilla, northwestern Puerto Rico (fig. 1). The 2001 conditions. As of May 30, 2001, Lago Guerrero had a calculated storage reservoir has a surface area of about 32,000 square meters and is excavated in capacity of 127,376 cubic meters, and a spillway elevation of 125.73 meters 5.4
above mean sea level. Contour interval variable. Shoreline shown Aymamón Limestone of Miocene age. This bedrock consists of chalk interbed- above mean sea level (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, written commun., as red line equal to spillway elevation or zero depth. The pumphouse ded with solution-riddled hard limestone (Monroe, 1969). The reservoir was 2001). The storage capacity determined from the March 9, 2006, bathymetric structure location is approximate constructed in the 1930s as part of the Isabela Hydroelectric System to regulate survey was about 121,100 cubic meters, which represents a water storage Pumphouse structure
flows to two hydroelectric plants–Central Isabel No. 2, at an elevation of about capacity loss or sediment accumulation of 6,276 cubic meters. The reservoir has Selected cross section 110 meters above mean sea level, and Central Isabel No. 3, at about 55 meters lost about 5 percent of its storage capacity over 5 years, which is equivalent to
10above mean sea level. Hydroelectric power generation was discontinued during an annual loss rate of 1 percent per year from 2001 to 2006 or about 1,255 cubic Dam 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 the early 1960s, although the exact date is unknown (Puerto Rico Electric Power meters per year. The relation between water volume and pool elevation of Lago
DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS Authority, written commun., 2007). The principal use of the reservoir since then Guerrero for 2006 is listed on table 1. has been to regulate flow to two public-supply water filtration plants and supply irrigation water for the Aguadilla area. Flow into the reservoir is derived from Table 1. Lago Guerrero capacity table for March 9, 2006, at 0.305 meter (about
0Lago Guajataca through a 26-kilometer-long Canal Principal de Diversion 1 foot) elevation intervals. 0concrete canal (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, written commun., 2001).
Additional inflow occurs on an incidental basis only during intensive rainfall Pool elevation, in meters Storage capacity, 2 2
DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW
SPILLWAY ELEVATION
DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW
SPILLWAY ELEVATION
above mean sea level in cubic meters from the immediate drainage area. The present Lago Guerrero drainage area is undetermined, due to the irregular and complex topography of the limestone 125.73 121,100
4 4
6 6terrain and anthropogenic modifications to the stormwater drainage system. 125.58 111,659 2001
Stormwater runoff, however, is presumed to be negligible compared to the almost 8 2001125.27 102,378 2006 Section 1 8constant inflow to the reservoir of about 59,300 cubic meters per day from Lago 2006 Section 5124.97 93,258 10Guajataca (CSA Group, 2000). 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200124.66 84,339 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
124.36 75,722 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS On March 9, 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Caribbean Water DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 124.05 67,405Science Center, in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority
123.75 59,394 18°28'30"(PREPA), conducted a bathymetric survey of Lago Guerrero to determine the 123.44 51,773storage capacity of the reservoir and sedimentation amount since a previous
survey conducted on May 30, 2001. The March 2006 survey was made to develop a bathymetric map of the reservoir, establish baseline data for future reservoir
123.14 44,546 122.83 37,708
DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW
SPILLWAY ELEVATION
0
2122.53 31,202capacity comparisons, and to estimate the average sedimentation rate over the 122.22 24,977preceding 5 years. 121.92 19,034
Method of Survey 121.62 13,704 121.31 8,986
DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW
SPILLWAY ELEVATION
4
6
0
2
4
6
2001 8 2006 Section 2121.01 4,837 The March 2006 bathymetric survey was conducted using a differential global 10120.70 1,628 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200positioning system (DGPS) coupled to a digital depth sounder similar to the one
used for the May 2001 survey (Soler-López, 2002). The bathymetric data were 2001120.40 181 8DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 2006 Section 6120.09 1 then stored and transferred into a geographic information system (GIS), where 10119.83 0final analysis and volume calculations were made following procedures similar 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
to those used to develop a bathymetric map of Lago Guerrero reservoir in May 2001 (Soler-López, 2002). The GIS was used to analyze the bathymetric data for A comparison between the May 30, 2001, and March 9, 2006, bathymetric surveys of 2001 and 2006. maps indicates that sediment accumulation in Lago Guerrero from 2001 to
2006 has been minimal and has occurred primarily on the upper reach of the For this study, 30 survey navigation lines were established at a spacing of about reservoir, nearest to the Canal de Diversion del Lago Guajataca intake (fig. 2, 5 meters parallel to the northwestern perimeter of the reservoir and continuing sections 3-6). In this reach, sediment accumulation has raised the reservoir upstream. Geographic position and water depths were acquired simultaneously bottom by an average of about 25 centimeters over 5 years. The source of the using a DGPS interfaced to a depth sounder. The pool elevation of the reservoir sediment (including debris such as trash and plant matter) is most likely wash-was measured at the existing PREPA reservoir staff gage before and after the data off into the irrigation canal where the channel is bordered by steep embank-
0 DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS
2
4
6 2001
8 2006 Section 3
DEPTH, IN METERS BELOW
SPILLWAY ELEVATION
10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
collection process. The soundings were subsequently adjusted to represent water depths below the spillway elevation. A bathymetric map representing the reser-voir bottom in March 2006 was then generated from the field data (fig. 2). A triangulated irregular network (TIN) surface model of Lago Guerrero was created from the bathymetric map, and the reservoir volume was calculated using the GIS. A stage-storage curve (fig. 3) and selected cross sections representing the reservoir bottom (fig. 2) were generated using the TIN surface model and the digital data from the 2001 and 2006 surveys.
Storage Capacities, Bathymetry, and Sedimentation Rates
The May 2001 and March 2006 bathymetric data indicate the storage capacity of Lago Guerrero has changed slightly between surveys. Because construction records for Lago Guerrero reservoir and original bathymetry were not available, the volumetric changes and bottom contour morphology are referenced to May
126.00 Spillway elevation = 125.73 meters above mean sea level
125.00
ments. This sediment is transported into Lago Guerrero by the sustained flow in the channel from Lago Guajataca reservoir. (fig. 4). Figure 5 shows part of the Lago Guerrero flooded area and the vegetation surrounding it which contributes plant matter.
Summary and Conclusions
Lago Guerrero is a reservoir with a surface area of 32,000 square meters, constructed as part of the Isabela Hydroelectric System in the 1930s. The reser-voir consists of an excavation into the limestone bedrock constructed primarily to regulate flows to two hydroelectric plants. The bathymetric survey conducted on March 9, 2006, indicated a storage capacity of about 121,100 cubic meters. Prior to this survey, a storage capacity of 127,376 cubic meters was determined from a similar survey conducted on May 30, 2001. The difference in storage capacities represents a storage loss of about 6,276 cubic meters between surveys. Based on this storage loss, the inter survey (2001-2006) sedimentation rate of Lago Guerrero is about 1,255 cubic meters per year or about 1 percent of the original storage capacity (127,376 cubic meters) per year. A bathymetric
67°10'38"map developed for the current (2006) survey indicates that most of the sedimen-tation in the reservoir has occurred in the upper part of the reservoir adjacent to the inlet channel. The lost storage capacity is probably sediment and debris washed into the Canal de Diversión del Lago Guajataca from the steep embank-ments along parts of the canal during stormwater runoff. Based on the current
DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT BANK, IN METERS 0 100 200 Meters
18°28'25"
0 250 500 Feets
Figure 2. Bathymetric map of Lago Guerrero, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, March 2006. Shoreline modified from U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle Moca, Puerto Rico, from planetable surveys in 1922 and 1937. Revised in 1964. Lambert conformal conic projection. Puerto Rico state plane coordinate system. (Puerto Rico datum, 1940 adjustment).
66°53'38"
67°04'39" 67°04'00"
ATLANTIC OCEAN 18°28'45"(2006) sedimentation rate of about 1,255 cubic meters per year, Lago Guerrero
has an estimated useful life of about 96 more years or the year 2102.
ELEVATION, IN METERS ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL
ISABELA
Canal 0114 CAMUY
QUEBRADILLASREFERENCES CITED Lago Canal Guerrero
Moca18°27'30" CanalCSA Group, 2000, Evaluación de los canales del sistema de riego de la región
noroeste de Puerto Rico: Resumen de Promedios Anuales de Descarga para AGUADILLA Cada Estación: Sección 5, Tabla 9. Canal
Monroe, W.H., 1969, Geologic map of the Moca and Isabela quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-565, 1 pl.
MOCA 0108 0112
LagoSoler-López, L.R., 2002, Sedimentation survey of Lago Guerrero, Puerto Rico, May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-
de Guajataca
EXPLANATION
4169, 12 p., 1 pl. DiversiónRío Guajataca drainagebasin boundary SAN
SEBASTIAN 0112 Surface-water
18°28'15"2006 station and number 2001
0108 Lake-level station and number
20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 Town or city LARESMap location
STORAGE CAPACITY, IN CUBIC METERS
Figure 5. Lago Guerrero upstream view -- Upstrem view photograph of the Lago Guerrero flooded area taken from the top of the 0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers
Figure 3. Relation between water storage capacity and pool elevation for Lago Guerrero, Aguadilla, excavation dam. The photograph shows the typical vegetation that surrounds Lago Guerrero, which consists mainly of Puerto Puerto Rico, for 2001 and 2006. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles Rican almond tree Prunus amygdalus. Photograph taken by Luis Soler of the USGS on January 2, 2003.
18°15'00" Base from 1997 CRIM aerial photo. 1:10,000
Figure 1. Location of Lago Guerrero in Aguadilla in northwestern Puerto Rico. Figure 4. Aerial photograph view of Lago Guerrero, Puerto Rico, and part of the Canal Principal de Diversión of Lago Guajataca.
SEDIMENTATION SURVEY OF LAGO GUERRERO, AGUADILLA, PUERTO RICO, MARCH 2006 By
Luis R. Soler-López 2007
0
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120.00
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