1. 1. Sedimentary rocks
2. 2. contents 1.Introduction 2.Formation 2.1 mechanically 2.2organically 2.2 chemically 3.structural features 3.1Stratification 3.2Lamination 3.3Cross bedding 4.Types of sedimentary rocks 4.1Limestone 4.2Sandstone 4.3Shale 4.4laterite
3. 3. intorduction Sedimentary rock is formed by deposition and consolidation of mineral and organic material and from precipitation of minerals from solution. sedimentary rock occur at the surface of the earth and within bodies of water Rock formed from sediments covers 70-80 % of the earths land area, common types such as limestone, chalk, sandstone, conglomerate and shale.
4. 4. formation Mechanical formation The mechanically formed sedimentary rocks are of three types Rudaceous rocks which is the cementing together of boulders, for example, conglomerate. Arenaceous rocks for example sandstone, Argillaceous rocks which clay rocks for example shale
5. 5. Organical foramtion Consisting of accumlated animals and plants remains Calcarious rocks, lime stone Carbonaceous rocks, coal
6. 6. Chemical formation :this type of rocks is formed by precipitation and accumulation of soluble constituents .4C Consolidation is a process by which soft and loose sediments are converted into hard and firm rocks Cementation precipitation of some cementing materials eg: silica, calcium carbonate Compaction The squeezing out of water from the pores of the sediments Crystallization Chemically formed sedimentaryrocks such as limestone, Compaction Consolidation Cementation Crystallization
7. 7. Compaction Consolidation Cementation Crystallization
8. 8. Structural Features Stratification : The deposition of sediments into layer or beds is called stratification formed due to the following Difference in the kinds of materials Difference in the size of particles Difference in the color of the material
9. 9. Lamination: Thin bedding, less than one centimeter in thickness, are called lamination. It is usually fined grained sedimentary rocks like shales Cross-bedding : also called current bedding or false bedding found in shallow water and wind formed deposites minor bedding or lamination which lie at an angle to the planes of
10. 10. Types of sedimentary rocks sandston e laterit e Lime stone shale
11. 11. Sand stone It mechanically formed sedimentary rocks of arenaceous group Sandstone is as its name says sand grains cemented together into solid stone. The grain size of sandstone is 1/16 to 2 mm in diameter Si O2 is the dominate mineral in sandstone Sandstone rocks are generally classified as quartz sandstone, arkose and graywacke Si O2 is the dominate mineral in sandstone
12. 12. Uses - if soft then generally of no use; if hard then can be used as aggregate, fill etc. the construction and roading industries. dimension stone for buildings, paving, etc. Compostion Silica, calcite, and iron oxides are the most common cementing minerals for sand stone. These minerals are deposited in the spaces between the sand grains by water Over the course of thousands or even millions of years the minerals fill up all of the spaces
13. 13. Sand stone in india Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh Jodhpur on the west of Jaipur and Chittorgarh on the south
14. 14. Lime stone Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more than 50% calcium carbonate Limestone is a sedimentary rock, mainly composed of mineral calcite Grain size variable, can consist of clasts of all sizes they are of different types bituminous lime stone, chalk, coral rag, and tufa.
15. 15. Uses It is quarried for roadbeds and gravel roads landscape construction and cement manufacture production of lime fertilizer, paper, petrochemicals, pesticide, glass Compostion limestones are formed by the deposition and consolidation of the skeletons of marine invertebrates a few originate in chemical precipitation from solution Limestone deposits are frequently of great thickness
16. 16. Lime stone in india Madhya Pradesh-Raipur, Durg, Bastar Rajasthan-Udaipur ,jodhpur, , Nagaur Andhra Pradesh- Vishakhapatnam, Krishna, Adilabad Tamil Nadu- Tirunelveli, Coimbatore, Madurai
17. 17. shale Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud very fine less than 1/256 mm Shale are fissle and laminated Shale have different shades green ,red black yellow etc.
18. 18. Uses of Shale Black shales contain organic material that sometimes breaks down to form natural gas or oil. Other clay are are used for producing clay compostion: Shale is a rock composed mainly of clay-size mineral grains These "other constituents" in the rock are often determined by the shale's environment of deposition determine the color of the rock
19. 19. laterite Laterites are a source of aluminium ore laterites are formed from the leaching of parent sedimentary rocks ,metamorphic rocks igneous rock and mineralized proto-ores Uses of laterite rocks building blocks for construction of masonry in building used to construct walls without the use of cement mortar
20. 20. Compostion of laterite: laterites consist mainly of quartz and oxides of titanium, iron, tin, aluminium and manganese, which remain during the course of weathering Laterites in india southern regions of the Western Ghats inlcudes coastal regions in Ratnagiri District and Malabar. Mahadeo ranges in Madhya Pradesh