Sediment management along rivers in Austria · Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut...
Transcript of Sediment management along rivers in Austria · Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut...
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Sediment management along rivers in Austria
H. HABERSACKChristian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Methods in River Monitoring, Modelling and Engineering, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
� Role of sediments in water management
� River Scaling Concept and sediment regime
� Sediment management along rivers in Austria - examples
� Sediment transport monitoring and modelling
� Conclusions
Contents
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Sediments have centralfunctions in rivers
� Development of the river bed and morphodynamics
� Prerequisite for the minimization of negative trends (e.g. river
bed degradation)
� Habitats
� Groundwater flow
� Nutrient transport…
�River engineering, flood protection, hydropower, torrent
control, restoration…
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Surplus
Deficit
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Input Output
Erosion
Tributaries
Input Dredging
Transport
Deposition
Remobil.
River Gauging
station
Mean
discharge
[m³/s]
Analysed
length
[km]
Deficit
[%
Length]
Surplus
[%
Length]
Danube Wien
Reichsb.
1931 350 30 70
Drau Drauhofen 112 214 27 59
Mur Bruck/Mur 105 280 66 24
Enns Steyr 202 186 33 47
Inn Kirchbichl 289 258 44 29
Salzach Golling 142 182 49 13
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Consequence river bed erosion
� Risk of bed changes during floods
� Risk of river bed break through
� Lowering of groundwater table
� No dynamic gravel bars (spawning places …)
� Loss of gravel bed in a few decades
� Reversal of river morphological processes
is slow, thus urgent need for sustainable development
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
River bed “break through”
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
distance [m]
m a
. sl.
gravel
fine, marine
sediments
7.10.53
18.03.75
10.10.95
15.10.01
26.11.02
ca. 4mca. 3m
ca. 3m
Degradation 1953 bis 2001: ca. 3 m
Degradation flood August 2002: 3 - 4m, 2 pools
Hengl, 2004
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Width changes in floodsSpecific stream power
R2 = 0.7303
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Gemittelte Strömungsenergie[W/m²]
Bre
ite
nä
nd
eru
ng
sve
rhä
ltn
is
na
ch
/vo
r H
och
wa
sse
r[-
]
Bregenzerach
Rosanna
Trisanna
Alfenz
Lech
Krapesch, Hauer, Habersack, 2011, J. Natural Hazards
River morphological space demand
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Measures against bed degradation
Change of
sediment regime
Increase of
bed resistenceReduction of
energy slope
Minimization of
bed shear stress
Artificial
bedload
input
Activation
natural
bedload input
Bed
pavement
Ground
sills Steps
Upstream
input
(continuum
sources -
torrents -
power plants),
no gravel pits
Side erosion
Open
cover
Adding
coarse
material
Granulo-
metric
bed
improve-
ment
WeirsIncrease
of flow
length
River
widening
Reduction
of
discharge
StepsRock
rampsCascade
step pool –
ramps
Improved
inundation
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Catchment102-104 km
>103 km
PARAMETER / PROCESSES
kont./regional Scale
Sectional Scale1-102 km
local Scale
10-2-1 km
Pointscale10-4-10-2 km
DOWN-
SCALING
geology, tectonics,
climate etc.
catchment-size, geology,
valley development, -form,
erosion potential ..
river morphology, slope,
width, depth, sediment
balance etc.
local morphology, bed forms,
islands, bank erosion etc.
sediment transport, grain
sorting, flow velocities,
initiation of motion UP-
SCALING
RIVER SCALING CONCEPT
boundary
conditions
analysis of total
catchment
analysis of key
sections
measurement /
modelling of key-
processes
suggestion
catchment-
management
results for
sectional scale
aggregation of
data for local
scale
possible reg.
consequences
discussion river
morphol. units
Habersack, 2000
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
New types of structures to improve
the sediment continuum
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Sedimentationfushing
• 1987: 20.000 - 30.000 m³
• 1999: ~ 50.000 m³
• 2001: ~ 15.000 m³
dredging 3.000 – 4.000 m³
bedload / year
Optimisation of measures conc.
• Technical
• Economical
• Ecological points EU Projekt WARMICE
Habersack et al., 2001
Measures:
• ski jump
• improved bottom outlet
• bypass systems
• presedimentation area
• reservoir geometry
• reservoir managem…
Reservoir sedimentation
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Optimization
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6lo
st
mo
ne
y [
Eu
ro]
los
t en
erg
y p
rod
uc
tio
n
[Mio
kW
h]
flushing duration [days]
lost power productionlost income
0.0000
0.0050
0.0100
0.0150
0.0200
0 100000 200000 300000 400000
sedimentation [m³]
flu
sh
ing
eff
icie
nc
y F
e
( ) /o o i ie
o
V C VCF
V
ρ−=
0
20
40
60
80
100
9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12
stress index
Fis
ch
mo
rta
lity
[%
]
15 min peak 75 min peak total flushing duration
stress index = ln(Cs* t)
Habersack et al., EU project Warmice
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Density current
(Morris & Fan, 1998)
ρ− −
− − −
= + −
+ − +
T T T
T T T
2 3 2
4 3 6 4 8 5
999,8395 6,7914 *10 9,0894 *10
1,0171*10 1,2846 *10 1,1592 *10
ρρρρw = ρρρρT + �ρρρρs
ρρρρs= C(1-1/γγγγs) * 10 –3
ρ
ρ ρ
ρ
=−i r
p
r
UF
gh
Calculation of depth at„Plunge-Point“
Habersack et al., EU project Warmice
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Habersack et al., EU project Warmice
Reservoir management
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Further examples
AUSTRIA
HU
NG
AR
Y
ITALYSLOVENIA
GERMANY
Drau River
Mur River
Danube River
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Example Upper Drau River
� Aims� Stop of river bed degradation
� Improve ecological status
� Improve flood management
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Oktober 2001Juni 2002September 2002Juni 2003Juni 2004Juli 2005Juli 2006Juli 2007September 2008
N
Morphodynamics 2001 to 2008 due to bed widening
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Morphology1999 2002 2003 20072004
15%
22%
4%
14%
5%
14% 11%
25%
10%
21%
26%
32%33%
14%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
5.11.01 24.5.02 10.12.02 28.6.03 14.1.04 1.8.04 17.2.05 5.9.05
date
sid
ea
rm d
isc
ha
rge
40 m³/s 115 m³/s 420 m³/s40 m³s-1
115m³s-1
420 m³s-1
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Bed level difference 2001-2007
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
EXAMPLE MUR RIVER
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Distribution of Gravel Bars 1876 -
Existing Situation
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
95100105110115120125130135River Kilometer
Are
a in
m²
1876
IST-Zustand
slope
Summenlinie ausgehend von 1977
-550 000
-500 000
-450 000
-400 000
-350 000
-300 000
-250 000
-200 000
-150 000
-100 000
-50 000
0
50 000
9498102106110114118122126130
Fluss-km
Volu
men [
m³]
1977-19801977-19831977-19861977-19891977-19921977-19951977-19981977-2000Profile
River km
Vo
lum
e [m
³]
Degradation since 1977
Major impacts on sediment supply AS WELL!
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
River Restoration at Gosdorf
• 1 km length restored
• Removal of bank protection structures
• Dredging of new side arms
• 150 000 m³ immediate sediment input
Measures:
Aims:mitigating channel incision by:
• added sediment
• further sediment input originating from riverbank erosion
• increased width – decreased transport capacity
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
13.02.2012
24
Example Danube East of Vienna
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
River bed degradation
W. Reckendorfer, R. Schmalfuss, C. Baumgartner, H. Habersack, S. Hohensinner , M. Jungwirth, F. Schiemer
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Artificial bedload input
Schimpf, Verbund
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Artificial bedload supply
Schimpf, Verbund
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
River bed development 2005-2009
Habersack, Liedermann, Tritthart, 2010
� 635.000 m³ bedload output without supply
� Mean bed level difference(Strom-km 1880,0 – 1921,0):
� 1,9 cm/year (with supply)
� 4,2 cm/ year (without supply)
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Problems/Measures
Problems
Measures
River bed
degradation,
Habitat structure
Minimum water
depth, River bed
degradation
Sidearm reconnection
Riverbank restoration
Low flow river regulation
Gravel redeposition
Granulometric bed improvement
Ecology Navigation
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Reduce riverbed erosion by adding larger gravel
sizes (40 – 70 mm) within the natural grain size
spectrum � Granulometric Bed Improvement
Original stage I stage II
25
cm
GS
V
Mix
ed
ma
teri
al
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Improve navigation conditions, particularly during
low flow periods, by raising water levels using
modified groyne shapes and riverbed adjustments
existing groynes
modified groynes
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
13.02.2012
32Hauer & Habersack, 2006Fotos: donauconsult, via donau
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Nationalpark Donauauen
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
River Monitoring
Monitoring
Habersack, H.M. & Laronne, J. B.
(2002), J. Hydraulic Engineering,
Vol. 128, No. 5, 484‐‐‐‐499.
Habersack, H., Hauer, C.,
Liedermann, M., Tritthart, M.,
(2008), Water 21: 29-31.
Habersack, H.M, Nachtnebel, H.-
P, Laronne, J. B. (2001), J.
Hydraulic Research, Vol. 39/2,
125-133.
Habersack, H.M. & Laronne, J.B.
(2001), Water Resources
Research, Vol. 37, No. 12, 3359-
3370.
Smart, G.M., Habersack, H.M.
(2007), J. Hydraulic Research,
Vol: 45 / Issue: 5, 661–673.
Habersack, H.M., Seitz, H.,
Laronne, J.B. (2008), J.
Geodinamica Acta, 21/1-2, 67-79.
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
35
AUSTRIAN BED LOAD CONVEYOR
flow direction
bed-load traps
Integrated Bedload Monitoring Dellach/Drau
processing unit
bridge Dellach/Drautal
river gauging
Helley-Smith sampler
suspended load measurement
flow velocity meter
40 hydrophonesbed-loadflap
radiotracers
Admodus Sonar
Seitz & Habersack, 2007
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Seitz & Habersack, 2007
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
River Modelling
3D-Hydrodynamics Flow field
Particle Tracing Sediment transport
� Suspended sed., bedload
� Lagrange‘ modelling by particle tracing
� Euler modelling by new sediment transport model
� ���� Habitat modelling
Tritthart, M; Liedermann, M; Schober,
B; Habersack, H (2011): J HYDRAUL
RES. 49(3) 335-344
Tritthart, M; Schober, B; Habersack, H
(2011): J HYDRAUL RES. 2011 49(3),
325-334
Tritthart, M., Liedermann, M.,
Habersack, H., (2009), River Research
and Applications, 25: 62-81.
Krapesch, G., Tritthart, M.,
Habersack, H., (2009), River Research
and Applications, 25: 593-606.
Habersack, H., Hauer, C.,
Liedermann, M., Tritthart, M., (2008),
Water 21: 29-31.
Hauer, C., Mandlburger, G.,
Habersack, H. (2009), River Research
and Applications, 25, 29-47.
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
Conclusions
� there exists a strong hierachical scale depending
relation concerning sediment transport � RSC
� many rivers have already reached or will reach in the coming years a critical state of morphodynamic development (e.g. river bed break-through)
� sediment continuum, transport and river morphodynamics play a central role in river management and need to be incorporated, from new hydropower types to river restoration
� we need to promote less design but more self forming river restoration or mitigated management procedures
� the second river basin management plan needs fundamental sediment research concerning processes and measures
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere and
Environment
Sediment management along rivers in Austria I Helmut Habersack
13.02.2012
40
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
Vienna
Department for Water, Atmosphere and Environment
Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Methods in River
Monitoring, Modelling and Engineering
Univ. Prof. DI Dr. Helmut Habersack
Muthgasse 107, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Tel.: +43 1 3189900 101, Fax: +43 1 3189900 149
[email protected], http://iwhw.boku.ac.at