Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie: Where we’ve been and...
Transcript of Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie: Where we’ve been and...
Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie: Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie:
Where weWhere we’’ve been and where weve been and where we’’re goingre going
Chris Marvin Environment CanadaBurlington, Ontario
Rob LetcherCanadian Wildlife Service
Ottawa, Ontario
lOntario Ministry of the Environment: Eric Reiner, Terry Kolic, Karen MacPherson, Patrick Crozier, Corinna Lucaciu
lEnvironment Canada: Mehran Alaee, Murray Charlton, Derek Muir, Scott Painter, Alice Dove, Ed Sverko, Paul Klawuun
lDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans: Gregg Tomy, Gary Stern
lUSGS: Donna Myers, Dan Button
lUSEPA: Ron Rossmann
lGLIER: U. of Windsor researchers: e.g., Jan Ciborowski, Doug Haffner, Ken Drouillard
lCollaborators via the Lake Erie Collaborative Comprehensive Survey (ECCS) 2004
0100200300400500600700
0100200300400500600700
1960 1970 1980 1990 20001960 1970 1980 1990 2000Canadian Federal TEL
US EPA TEC
Canadian Federal PEL
US EPA PEC
ng/gPEC = Probable effect concentration or the concentration at which effects are likely to occur PEL = Probable effect level or the concentration at which effects are likely to occur TEC = Threshold effect concentration or the concentration at which effects rarely occur. TEL = Threshold effect level or the concentration at which effects rarely occur.
Lake Erie PCBs 1972 - 2000
Legend 0 - 1010 - 2020 - 100
100 - 200200 +
Dioxins and Furans (pg/g TEQs)
Status of Legacy ToxicsStatus of Legacy ToxicsSignificant decreases in contamination over the period 1972 - 2004Some areas within the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers represent sources of contaminants to Lake Erie, including PCBs, mercury, dioxins and furans.Significance of loadings from contaminant sources in the Detroit River, compared to loadings from the upper lakes and connecting channels.
1980 20001990
Inte
nsity
2005
Dioxins/OCs/PCBs
New and Emerging (e.g., BFRs, fluoros)
Analysis Intensity
Academic/Government
Government
Commercial
LC/MS Analyses
GC/MS Analyses
ADDITIVE BFRs
Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecBDE)Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE)Pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE)Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs; α, β, γ, δ, ε isomers)
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)1,2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (TBE or BTBPE)2,3,4,5,6-Pentabromoethylbenzene (PEB)Pentabromotoluene (5BT)Decabromobiphenyl (DeBB)1,4-Bis(pentabromophenoxy)tetrabromo benzeneTetradecabromodiphenoxy benzene 1,2-Dibromo-4(1,2 dibromomethyl) cyclohexaneBromo-chlorinated paraffinsDi-(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalic esterEthylene-bis-(tetrabromophthal imide)Ethylene-bis(5,6-dibromo-norbornane-2,3-dicarbox imide1,3,5-Tris(2,3-dibromo-propoxy)-2,4,6-triazine
REACTIVE BFRs
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) derivatives:
bis-(2,3-dibromopropyl ether)bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether)bis-(allyl ether)dimethyl ether
Tetrabromobispenol S2,4-Di-, 2,4,6-Tri- and pentabromophenolsTribromoneopentyl alcoholVinylbromideTribromophenyl allyl ether2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diolTetrabromophthalic acid Na saltTetrabromophthalic anhydrideN,N´-Ethylene-bis-(tetrabromophthal imide)
Types of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs)Types of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs)
ng/g
(dw
)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
<0.30 ng/g dw (MLOQ)
11.92
6.42 5.15
ng/g
(dw
)ΣΣ88PBDEPBDE
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
<0.05 ng/g dw (MLOQ)
11.73
BDEBDE--209209
PBDEs in Sediments From Lake EriePBDEs in Sediments From Lake Erie(Letcher et al. 2006. In prep.)
ng/g
ng/g
(( d.wd.w
.).)
BPABPA
0.000.00
1.001.00
2.002.00
3.003.00
4.004.00
<0.15 ng/g d.w. (MLOQ)
BPA and BPA and TBBPAsTBBPAs in Sediments From Lake in Sediments From Lake ErieErie
ng/g
ng/g
(( d.wd.w
.).)
TBBPATBBPA
0.000.00
1.001.00
2.002.00
3.003.00
4.004.00
<0.05 ng/g d.w. (MLOQ)
TriTri--BBPABBPA
(Chu et al. 2006. In prep.)
Other BFRs (western basin):Σ8PBDE 0.18 – 15.64 ng/g d.w.BDE209 < 0.32 – 6.10 ng/g d.w.
CCH3
CH3
HO OH
CCCHCH33
CHCH33BrBr
BrBr
HOHO
BrBr
OHOH
BrBr
Stepwise, Stepwise, reductive reductive
debrominationdebromination
t1/2 of TBBPA:water = 6 – 81 dayssediment = 48 – 84
daysfish = < 1 dayhumans = 2.2 days3
t1/2 of BPA:humans = 0.25 day4
Lake Erie most shallow and biologically active/productive of the five Great Lakes
Logical progression of research/monitoring programs in light of phasing out or banning of chemicals
Detroit River and L. Erie receive considerable amounts of discharge/input from urban, industrial and agricultural activities
Why assess new toxics in Lake Erie?
1160803
11561157
8041159
1161
1169
1168
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
HCBD (pg/g)Total PCBs (ng/g)
Marvin et al. 2006, Chemosphere, In PressMarvin et al. 2006, Chemosphere, In Press
The EndThe End