Usability and Human Factors Unit 4a Human Factors and Healthcare.
Security + Human Factors = True
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HF Presentation for Group Security 27/10/2021 Human Factors Office 1 BUSINESS DOCUMENT This document is intended for business use and should be distributed to intended recipients only. Security + Human Factors = True Dr. Nicklas Dahlstrom Human Factors Manager GHAC 2021 October 26‐27 Dubai, UAE BUSINESS DOCUMENT This document is intended for business use and should be distributed to intended recipients only. Content • Introduction – Security and Human Factors • Information Processing and Biases • Training to Get Better • “Safety and Security Culture”? 1 2
Transcript of Security + Human Factors = True
HF Presentation for Group Security 27/10/2021
Human Factors Office 1
BUSINESS DOCUMENT This document is intended for business use and should be distributed to intended recipients only.
Security + Human Factors = True
Dr. Nicklas Dahlstrom
Human Factors Manager
GHAC 2021October 26‐27Dubai, UAE
BUSINESS DOCUMENT This document is intended for business use and should be distributed to intended recipients only.
Content
• Introduction – Security and Human Factors
• Information Processing and Biases
• Training to Get Better
• “Safety and Security Culture”?
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Human Factors Office 2
BUSINESS DOCUMENT This document is intended for business use and should be distributed to intended recipients only.
Introduction‐ Security and Human Factors
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Security & Human Factors/Safety– Shared Goals and Differences
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Human Factors Office 3
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Security and Safety …… or Security or Safety?
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Human Factors
Human Factors
Learning
Physiology
Sociology
Leadership
Communication
Technology
Design
Psychology
And so on …
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Human Factors Office 4
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Human Factors and CRM
Human Factors
Learning
Physiology
Sociology
Leadership
Communication
Technology
Design
Psychology
And so on …
HFTraining
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Training Pay‐off?
• Research at academic medical center in UK
• Mandatory CRM training for 517 staff (surgeons, anaesthesiologists, nurses etc.), including use of briefings and checklists for coordination
• Pre‐operative briefings up in the operating room from 6.7% to 99% within four months
• Wrong site surgeries and retained foreign objects down from 7 in 2007 to none in 2008, after 14 months without training up to 5 in 2009
• Malpractice expenses down from $ 793 000 (2003‐2007) to 0 (zero) in 2008
(Ricci & Brumsted, 2012)
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Human Factors Office 5
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Information Processing and Biases
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What could possibly go wrong?
Imagining what could go wrong= Identifying Threats
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Threats?
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Identifying Threats
Supervision
Unclear instructions
Fatigue
Human error
Decisionmaking
Workload/Stress
Perception
Cooperation
Distractions
Unexpected shift Time
pressures
Communication
Culture
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Assessing Threats
Have the probability of an accident potential consequences been actively assessed?
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Information Processing
Input Outpu
t Sensing
Attention
Long‐term memory
Perception DM
Imagine small arrows between all boxes from left to right even when not visible in this picture
Short‐term / Working memory
SA
Need to know? – Yes, if you want to be or become an expert!An expert knows what they are doing while they are doing it, this requires the ability to ”think about what you are thinking about”
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Human Factors Office 8
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Perception
Affected by: Experience – Expectations ‐ Desire
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Biases: Me, myself and I – The best!
Overconfidence effect
Self‐serving bias / Attribution error
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The Most Famous Bias
The Dunning – Kruger Effect
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Assessing Risk
“Relative risk”?
How reset?
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Human Factors Office 10
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Reacting … and then?
“Chaos over 'shots fired' at JFK: Thousands of passengers are ordered to take cover and then evacuated from two terminals as a huge army of
cops hunt for non‐existent gunman after false alarm”
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The Problem of Escalation
• Information arriving may already be old
• The escalation may be exponential (People think of linear development)
Must get ahead of the development!
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Human Factors Office 11
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Training toGet Better
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Understanding Human Behaviour –for Effective Security
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Human Factors Office 12
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Mental Models/Representations
Old lion, alone, no other lions in sight, especially no lioness
or cubs…
Daytime, season has been good for prey, no
growling…
X
Keep facing him, retreat slowly, make yourself look big…
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Situation Awareness
NOTICE
THINK AHEAD
UNDERSTAND
Taking in information, seeing all relevant info, observing, monitoring
Putting info together, having the full picture, knowing the state of now
Knowing what will happen next, projecting ahead, anticipating
(Endsley, 1988)
That person looks a bit suspicious…
Looks down a lot, stiff posture, clutching
passport…nervous …or hiding something…
Will wait to call him forward, look for reaction and take my time…
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Human Factors Office 13
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Situation Awareness
Situation Awareness is most of all about having an active attitude to taking in information!
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Decision Making
Seconds Minutes HoursSplit‐second
Rationaldecision making
Conditioned reaction
Naturaldecision making
•Identify triggers
•Fast/directed actions
•Focus on actions, avoid distractions
•Clarify priorities, analyse options
•Make use of time
•Reflected choice
Correct /fast reaction
“Good enough”decision
Optimal decision
•Recognise cues
•Serial option evaluation
•Mental simulation
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Human Factors Office 14
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Culture and Communication
IssueIssue
Issue
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“Safety and Security Culture”?
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Safety and Security – culture?How can it be created?
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Training Human Factors for Security and Operations
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Ship Simulationfor HF and Team Training
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Taking it out of here– And making it work!
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Let us get better together!
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• Security and Human Factors
• Information processing & Training to get better
• Security + HF = True
Summary
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Thank you!
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