Chapter 7Sections 1-2

Prokaryotes – bacteria, simple cells no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryotes – more complex cells. Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

a thin membrane that surrounds the cell◦ A) Membrane Lipids – cell membrane is made of

phospholipids, has a polar head and two nonpolar tails

◦ B)Membrane Proteins 1. peripheral proteins – are located on the interior

surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane 2. Integral proteins – proteins that are embedded in

the bilayer

Cell Membrane

contains the cells genetic information and controls its activities

Nucleus

convert energy in food to energy that can be used by the cell

Site of cellularrespiration

Mitochondria

are the place where proteins are assembled

Ribosomes

assembles some parts of the cell membrane, and acts as a transportation system

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER – The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and secretes proteins.

In leukocytes the rough ER produces antibodies. In pancreatic cells the rough ER produces insulin.

The Rough ER

Smooth ER – has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis

In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells, and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones.

Smooth ER

modifies, sorts, and packages materials

Golgi Apparatus

breaks down the unwanted materials

Lysosomes

stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates

Vacuoles

converts sunlight into energy that can be used by the cell

Site of photosynthesis

Chloroplast

support structure that gives the cell its shape

Cytoskeleton