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Section Notes Video Maps History Close-up Images Quick Facts
Transcript of Section Notes Video Maps History Close-up Images Quick Facts
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Chapter 23 – World War I
Section Notes The Road to War Americans Prepare for War Americans in World War I Establishing Peace
Video The Impact of Modern Warfare
History Close-up Trench Warfare
Images An End to Peace Primary Source: Sinking of the
Lusitania Red Cross Volunteers Patriotic Poster World War I U.S. Soldier World War I Deaths
Quick Facts Key Goals of the Fourteen
Points Causes and Effects of World
War I Chapter 23 Visual Summary
Maps World War I, 1914-1918 Europe After World War I
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The Road to War
The Big Idea
In 1914 tensions in Europe exploded into the deadliest war the world had ever seen.
Main Ideas
• Many factors contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
• European nations suffered massive casualties in the war’s early battles.
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Roots of War
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Nationalism
• Nationalism, a strong sense of pride and loyalty to one’s nation or culture, created tension between nations.
• Austria-Hungary included people from many cultural groups.
• Slavic nationalists wanted to break away from Austria-Hungary and join the independent Slavic country of Serbia.
Main Idea 1: Many factors contributed to the outbreak of
World War I.
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Imperialism
• Nations competed for control of territories both in Europe and overseas.
• Germany took the Alsace-Lorraine region from France in 1871, and France wanted it back.
Main Idea 1: Many factors contributed to the outbreak of
World War I.
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Main Idea 1: Many factors contributed to the outbreak of
World War I.
Militarism
• Nations focused resources on militarism, the aggressive strengthening of armed forces.
• Raced to build armies and navies
• Made alliances to protect themselves
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•Triple Entente- France, Britain and Russia.
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•Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Italy.
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The Spark • Feelings of fear and distrust grew among European powers
in the early 1900s.
• In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, Serbia and Herzegovina.
– Slavic nationalists resisted violently; wanted to be a part of Serbia
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The Spark • June 28, 1914: Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-
Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo.
– Killed by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip
• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
• Nations began to mobilize, or prepare their militaries, for war.
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Gavrilo Princip being arrested after the assassination.
Gavrilo Princip
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Austria-Hungry declares war against Serbia
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Allied Powers
• Russia, an ally of Serbia
• France, an ally of Russia
• Belgium, brought into the fighting because Germany marched through it to get to France
• Great Britain, an ally of Belgium
Pulled into the Fighting
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Central Powers
• Austria-Hungary
• Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary
Pulled into the Fighting
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Main Idea 2: European nations suffered massive casualties
in the war’s early battles.
• The French army blocked the German advance at the Marne River, east of Paris, in September 1914.
– The First Battle of Marne marked the first major battle of the war.
– French and German forces faced each other along a long battle line known as the western front.
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Main Idea 2: European nations suffered massive casualties
in the war’s early battles.
- Western Front stretched from North Sea to Switzerland.
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Main Idea 2: European nations suffered massive casualties
in the war’s early battles.
• Russian and German armies struggled back and forth on the eastern front.
• The war became a stalemate– a situation in which neither side can win a decisive victory.
• Clear that this war would be longer than expected.
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Technology of War
Land
• Trench warfare, defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches, helped make the war long and deadly. – Cold, wet, and muddy
– Disease ran rampant
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Technology of War
Land
• New technologies made land warfare even more deadly – Machine guns (400-600 bullets a minute)
– Poison gases (destroy lungs, causing slow painful death)
– Tanks
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Technology of War
Air
• Airplanes used in large-scale battle for the first time
– Fired down on soldiers in the trenches
– Gathered information on enemy locations
– Battled each other in the air in “dogfights”
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Trenches, Weapons and Death
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Technology of War
Sea
• Fighting in the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea
• Used Naval blockades and mines to block supply lines
• U-boats, German submarines, launched torpedoes against Allied supply ships.
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U Boat Blockade
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