SECTION IX: Contents A.

_ _._-----_ .. - -

SECTION IX: Contents

Appendix A. Subject Index- CZMC Annual Reports 5

Appendix B. Inventory of Bird Species in 3 Fish and Wildlife Habitats 7Biological Inventory for 3 Fish and Wildlife Habitats 14

Appendix C. Botanical Inventory- Reservoir-Sheldrake-Leatherstocking 17Complex

Appendix D. Compilation of Bird Lists for the Reservoir-Sheldrake- 22Leatherstocking Complex

Appendix E. Compilation of Bird Lists for the Premium River-Pine 27Brook Wetlands Complex

Appendix F. Botanical Inventory- Hommocks Marsh Complex 34

Appendix G. Bird Species- Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex 38Botanical Inventory- Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex 42

Appendix H. Management Recommendations for the Hommocks 43Salt Marsh Complex

Appendix I. Management Plan for the Reservoir-Sheldrake 50Leatherstocking Critical Environmental Area

Map 1

Map 2

Map 3

Map 4

MapS

Map 6

Map 7

Regional Setting

Boundary Map

Location Map

Existing Open Space

Tidal Wetlands, Watershed Boundaries and Flood Hazard Areas

Coastal High Hazard Areas and Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas

Land and Water Uses

------------~~--~ --

APPENDIX A

SUBJECT INDEX· CZMC ANNUAL REPORTS

AR 1 - First Annual Report Sept. 1986 thtu Sept. 1987AR 2 - Second Annual Report Oct. 1987 thtu Sept. 1988AR 3 • Third Annual Report Oct. 1988 thtu Sept. 1989AR 4 - Fourth Annual Report Oct. 1989 thtu Sept. 1990AR 5 - Fifth Annual Report Oct. 1990 thtu Sept. 1991AR 6 • Sixth Annual Report Oct. 1991 thtu Sept. 1992

SUBJECf ARI 6.B1 a!U ~ AR5 AR6

LEGISlATIONCoastal Erosion Hazard 12 16County CEA 16 18Erosion & Sediment Control 15 17 19 16 19-20Flood Damage Law/Map 11 7 12,20Litter 20SEQR Revisions (Town) IS 19 20Zoning

Proposed CR District (Town) 15 14-15Rock Ridge Road (Town) 9 14Watenront (Town) 16 15Watenront (Village) 16 12 19 21-23 18-20

AREA-WIDEArea of the Coastal Zone Map 7 9 8 8Boaters

Education 18Harbor security 17 12 17-18 18

Chronological History Annex D Appendix A 5-6 7-8 6-7Davids Island 16 13 16-17 24-25 21-22Department of State 22-23Earth Day II 25Freshwater Wetlands Mapping 22Governor's Task Force 23Historic Preservation 18 19Jay Coalition/property 19 25Listen to Sound Campaign 26Long Island Sound 23Master Plan Update 11National Beach Cleanup Day 26 24 23Sewers

Infiltration & Inflow 15 14 20Repairs 14,15

Soil & Water Conserv. District 24Storm Drain Stencil 20 16Water Quality Testing 17Weaver St. Corridor 2,10Winston Property 13 11,12

PREMIUM-PINE BROOK AREABeach Lot 15Bird Surveys 13Conservation Area 12 12-13Feasibility Study 1,5 4,Appendix B 11Implementation Grant - Dredging 8 10-11 9-11 9-10 9-11Intermunicipal Cooperation 12Lorenzen Park 12Oil Containment Boom 8-9 11-12

5

APPENDIX A

SUBJECT INDEX- CZMC ANNUAL REPORTS

SUBJECf ARI AR2 :1JU ~ AR5 ~

PREMIUM·PINE BROOK AREA· coni.Pryer Manor Bridge 12 11Public Education 6 9 12Significant Habitat Designation 5 18 11 11-12

EASf CREEK-HOMMOCKS AREACritical Environmental Area 1 15 16Dredge spoil disposal 13East Creek

Restora.tion 13 15 13 16Silt/trash traps 13 17 17-18

Leaf disposal 15 14,15 17Water quality monitoring 15

SHELDRAKE RIVER AREAArmy Corps Flood Control Project 2,9 14 12 13 13Gardens Lake

Dredging 2,10,13 6Restoration 11

Golf Course AreasShuster Study 11 12 15Proposed CR District 15 14-15 14-15

Intermunicipal Cooperation 15Larchmont Reservoir

Automatic Release Valve 11 7 11,12 14Facility Improvements 12 7 11 14Sewer Connection 15Water Quality Testing 12 7,15 14

R·SoL Crit. Environ. Area 16Watershed Study 10 15Westchester Land Trust 23

OTHERImplementation

Physical Projects 18Program Priorities 2,22-26Recommendations 26-27

LWRPUpdate 23 20 21Professional Consultant 22Sale of Properties

Town of MamaroneckVillage of Larchmont 2,8 12 14

TABLES & CHARI'SConsistency Referrals 2,6,7,14,19-21, 5,8,9-10, 22·28 27-31 25-30 25·30

Annex B Appendix CCZMC Members

Conferences Attended 35 38 37 37Kit 37 41Liaison Responsibilities 34 37 36 36Names & Terms Annex C Appendix D 33 36 35 35

Envir. Organizations 36 40 38 38Implementing Actions-Status AnnexA 16 21 39Library Acquisitions 42 39LWRP Policies- List 29-32 32·35 31·34 31·34

6

APPENDIXB

INVENTORY OF BIRD SPECIES IN 3 FISH AND WlLDUFE HABITATS

KEY:P = Premium River-Pine Brook Wetlands Complex and adjacent landsH = Hommocks Marsh ComplexR = Reservoir-Sheldrake-Leatherstocking Complex* = Occasional or rareE = NY State DEC list (1983) ENDANGERED SPECIESS= SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERNT= THREATENED SPECIESv= VULNERABLE SPECIESe, .. t= NY State DEC list (1987)

GAVIIFORMESS Common Loon Gavla immer P H

PODICIPEDIFORMESHorned Grebe Colymbus auritus P HPled-billed Grebe Poc/ifymbus podiceps P R

PElECANIFORMESDouble-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus H R

CICONIIFORMESGreat Blue Heron Ardea heroc/ias P H RLittle Blue Heron Florida caerulea Plouisiana Heron Hydranassa tricolor p'

Great Egret Casmeroc/ius albus P H RSnowy Egret Egretta thula P H RCattle Egret Bubulcus ibis p'Black-crowned Night Her. Nycticorax nyeticorax P H RYellow-crowned NlghtHer. Nyctanassa violacea p'

Green Heron Butorides strlatus p H RSs least Bittern Ixobrychus exills p

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus p HGlossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus p H

ANSERIFORMESMute Swan Cygnus olor P H RSnow Goose Chen hyperborea p R'Canada Goose Branta canadensis P H RBrant B. bernicJa PAmer. Black Duck Anas rUbripes P H RGadwall A. strepera PMallard A. platyrhynchos p H RCommon Pintail A. acuta p' R'American Widgeon A. americana P REurasian Widgeon A. penelope PWood Duck Alx sponsa p' R

7

APPENDIX B

INVENTORY OF BIRD SPECIES IN 3 FISH AND WILDUFE HABITATS

Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata P RBlue-winged Teal A. discors P RGreen-winged Teal A. crecca ROldsquaw Clangula hyemalls PCanvasback Aythya valissineria PRedhead A. americana PRing-necked Duck A. collaris RLesser Scaup A. affinis PGreater Scaup A. marila P R'Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula PBufflehead B. albeola P RRuddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis P RCommon Merganser Mergus merganser P RRed-breasted Merganser M. serrator P RHooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus P R

FALCONIFORMESSharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus P H R

s Cooper's Hawk A. cooperi! P RNorthern Goshawk A. gentilis P

Tt Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus P H RRed-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis P H R

Tt Red-shouldered Hawk B. Iineatus p' R'Broad-winged Hawk B. platypterus R

e Golden Eagle AqUila chrysaetos R*Tt Osprey Pandion haliaetus P H R

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura P RAmerican Kestrel Falco sparverius P H RMerlin F. columbarius p' H

GALLIFORMESRuffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus p'Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus P H R

GRUIFORMESAmerican Coot Fullca americana P H RVirginia Rail Rallus Iimicola p'Clapper Rail R. longirostris p'Sora Rail Porzana carolina P R

CHARADRIIFORMESSemipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus P HKilldeer C. vociferous P H RAmerican Woodcock Philohela minor PGreater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca P H Rlesser Yellowlegs T. flavipes P H RSolitary Sandpiper T. solitaria p* R

8

-~~~~~~--~

APPENDIX B

INVENTORY OF BIRD SPECIES IN 3 FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITATS

Sanderling Calidris alba p'Pectoral Sandpiper C. melantos PDunlln C. alpina p'

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia P H RLeast Sandpiper Calidris minutilla PSemlpalmated Sandpiper C. pusilla PWhite-rumped Sandpiper C. fuscicoJlIs PHerring Gull Larus argentatus P H RRing-billed Gull L. delawarensis P H RGreat Black-backed Gull L. marinus PLaughing Gull L. atricilla P H RBonaparte's Gull L. philadelphia P

Ee Little (Least) Tern Sterna albifrons PTt Common Tern S. hirundo P H

Black Skimmer Rynchops niger p'

COLUMBIFORMESMourning Dove Zenaida macroura P H RRock Dove Columba livia P H R

CUCULIFORMESYellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus R'Black-billed Cuckoo C. erythropthalmus R'

STRIGIFORMESCommon Screech Owl Otus asio P RGreat Horned Owl Bubo virginianus P R

58 Bam Owl Tyto alba PSnowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca p'

CAPRIMULGIFORMESSs Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor p H R

APODIFORMESChimney Swift Chaetura peiagica R

V Ruby-throated Hummbrd. Archilochus colubris P R

CORACIIFORMESBelted Kingfisher Megaceryte alcyon p H R

PICIFORMESRed-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus P R'Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus p' RCommon Flicker Colaptes auratus P H RRed-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carollnus P RYellOW-bellied Sapsucker Sphyraplcus varius P R

9

APPENDIX B


Downy Woodpecker Picoides pUbescens P H RV Hairy Woodpecker P. villosus P R

PASSERIFORMES

Tyrannidae-FlycatchersEastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus P RGreat Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus P RAsh-throated Flycatcher M. cinerascens p.

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe P H REastern Pewee Contopus vlrens P RAcadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens PYellow-bellied Flycatcher E. flairventris P RLeast Flycatcher E. minimus R

Hirundinidae-SwallowsCliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonata p.

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica P H RTree Swallow lridoprocne bicolor P H RRough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis P RBank Swallow Riparia riparia P R

Corvidae-Jays, CrowsFish Crow Corvus ossifragus P HAmerican (Common) Crow C. brachyrhynchos P H RBlue Jay Cyanocitta cristat P H R

Paridae- TitmiceBlack-capped Chickadee Parus atricapillus P H RTufted Titmouse P. bicolor P H R

Sittidae-NuthatchesWhite-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis P H RRed-breasted Nuthatch S. canadensis P R

Certhiidae-GreepersBrown Creeper Certhia familiaris P R

Troglodytidae- Wrens!;louse Wren Troglodytes aedon P H RWinter Wren T. troglodytes P RCarolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus P H RMarsh Wren Cistothorus palustris PSedge Wren C. platensis P

Mimidae-Mimic ThrushesBrown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum P H R

10

APPENDIX B


Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensls P H RNorthern Mockingbird Mimus polygloltos P H R

Turdidae-ThrushesSs Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis P H'

American Robin Turdus migratorius P H RGray-Cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus H RSwainson's Thrush C. ustuiatus P H RHermit Thrush C. guttatus P RVeery. C. fuscescens P RWood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina P H RFieldfare Turdus pilaris p'

Sylviidae - Kinglets,Gnatcatchers:Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula P H RGolden-crowned Kinglet R. satrapa P H RBlue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea P R

Motacillidae • Pipets etc.:Water (American) Pipet Anthus spinoletta p'

Bombycillidae • Waxwings:Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum P H R

Sturnidae - Starlings:European Starling Sturnus vulgaris P H R

Vireonidae-VireosRed-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus P H RWarbling Vireo V. altiloquus RYellow-throated Vireo V. f1avifrons RSolitary Vireo V. solitarius R

Parulidae - Wood Warblers:Northern Parula Warbler Parula americana P H RBlack-throated Green War. Dendroica virens P H RBlack &White Warbler Mniotilta varia P H RBlackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata RBlack-throated Blue War. D. caeru/escens P H RMagnolia Warbler D. magnolia P H RYellow-rumped Warbler D. coronata P H RCanada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis P RCape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina PChestnut-sided Warbler D. pensylvanica P H RBlackburnian Warbler D. fusea P RAmerican Redstart Setophaga ruticilla P H RPrairie Warbler DendrOlca discolor P R

11

APPENDIX B


Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum P RBlue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus P H R

V Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia P H RWorm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus P RTennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina P R

S Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla P H RNashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla PMourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia PCommon Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas P H RYellow-breasted Chat Icteria verens PNorthern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis PLouisiana Waterthrush S. motacilla P ROvenbird S. aurocapillus P R

Ploceidae - Weaver Finches:House Sparrow Passer domesticus P H R

Icteridae - Blackbirds, Orioles:Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus P H RBrown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater P H RRusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus P RCommon Grackle Quiscalus guiscula P H RBobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorous P H

V Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna P HOrchard Oriole Icterus spurius P RNorthern Oriole-Baltimore I. galbula P H R

Thraupidae - Tanagers:Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea P R

Fringillidae - Finches, Sparrows:Northern Junco Junco hyemalis P H RSnow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalls PNorthern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalls P H RHouse Finch carpodacus mexicanus P H RPurple Finch C. purpureus P REvening Grosbeak Hesperlphona vespertina p' RAmerican Goldfinch carduells tristis P H RPine Siskin C. pinus P RIndigo Bunting Passerina cyanea P H RRose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus P RRufous-sided Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus P H RWhite-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis P H RWhite-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys P RChipping Sparrow Spizella passerina P H RField Sparrow S. pusilla P RSwamp Sparrow Melosplza georgiana P

12

_ ...__._--------

APPENDIX B


American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea P Rs Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum P

Fox Sparrow Passerella Hlaca P H RSong Sparrow Melospiza melodia P H R

Ss Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus PSavannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis P

Sources: PREMIUM COMPLEX LWRP 1986, 6 bird lists (1967 thru 1990), Consultant 1992-1993.

HOMMOCKS COMPLEX LWRP 1986 list, Walk Book (1979), Consultant 1993.

RESERVOIR COMPLEX LWRP 1986 list, 2 Walk Books (1984 and 1986), Bird Usts 1970-1991,Consultant 1992.

13

APPENDIX B

BIOLOGICAL INVENTORY FOR 3 FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITATS

KEY:P = Premium River-Pine Brook Wetlands Complex and adjacent landsH = Hammocks Marsh ComplexR = Reservoir-Sheldrake-Leatherstocking Complex

MAMMALSLittle Brown Bat Myotis lucifugus lucifugus REastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus P H RWhite-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus P H RRed Fox Vulpes fulva RCommon Eastern Mole Sealopus aquaticus P H RWhite-footed (Deer) Mouse Peromyscus leucopus P H RMuskrat Ondratra zibethicus P H ROpossum Didelphis marsupialis P H R

D. virginiana REastern Cottontail Rabbit Sylvilagus florldanus H RRacoon Procyon lotor P H RBrown (Norway) Rat Rattus norveglcus H RShort-tailed Shrew Blarina brevicauda H RStriped Skunk Mephitis monax P H REastern Gray Squirrel, Sciurus earolinensis P H RBlack Squirrel S. niger P H RNorth Amerivan Field Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus P H RWoodchuck Marmota nionax H R

REPTILESRed Salamander Plethodon cinereus cinereus RBlack Rat Snake Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta REastern Milk Snake Lampropeltis triangulum R

triangulumSmooth Green Snake Opheodrys vernalis RNorthern Diamondback

Terrapin Malaclemys terrapin HBox Turtle Terrapene carolina RPainted Turtle ChrYsemls picta picta RSnapping Turtle Chelydra serpentlna R

s Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata R

AMPHIBIANSRed Eft Dlemictylus virideseens RBull Frog Rana catesheiano P H RGreen Frog R. clamitans P H RPickerel Frog R. palustris RNorthern Leopard Frog R. pipiens RWood Frog R. sylvatica RSpring Peeper Hyla crucifer R

14

APPENDIX B


AMPHIBIANS- cont.Gray Tree FrogSpotted SalamanderRed-Backed SalamanderLead-Backed SalamanderRed-Spotted NewtAmerican Toad

INSECTSDamselflyDragonflyPraying MantisCommon BlueSmall White CabbageMourning CloakMonarch ButterflySpicebush SwallowtailTiger SwallowtailCommon SUlphurViceroy

Hyla versicolorAmbystoma maculatumPlethodon cinereus cinereusP. cinereus cinereusNotophthalmus viridescensButo americanus

lcaricia icarioidesArtogeia rapaeNymphalis antiopaDanaus plexippusPterourus troilusP. glaucusCollas philodlceBasilarchia archippus

15

RARAR

P H A

P H RP H RP H R

RRRRRRRR

APPENDIX B


AQUATIC SPECIESMarsh SnaU P HMud Snail P HFiddler Crab Uca spp. P HMarsh Crab P HHorseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus P HRibbed Mussel Geukensia demissa P HNaiad (freshwater mussel) Unio spp. R

FISHAlewives Alosa pseudoharengus P HLarge-mouth Bass Micropterus salmoides RStriped Bass Morone saxatilis P HBluefish Pomatomus saltatrix P HCarp Cyprinus carpio RBrown Bullhead Catfish Ictalurus nebulosus RAmerican Eel Anguilla rostrata P H RFlounder, winter Pseudopleuronectes P H

americanusGoldfish Carassius auratus RKillifish Fundulus spp. P HMackeral Scomber scombrus P HMenhaden Brevoortia tyrannus P HYellow Perch Perca f1avescens RPorgy P HShiner Notropis cornutus RSilversides Menidia spp. P HSunfish Centrachidae family RTautog (Blackfish) Tautoga onitis P H

Note: Other important coastal species are found along the rocky shores, tidepools, beaches and harbors ofLarchmont, as follows:

Redbeard SpongeDeadman's fingersJellyfish: Comb, MoonSea AnemonesWorms: Ribbon, sand, seaStarfish, Sea Star

Sandhoppers: AmphipodsBarnacles: RockShrimp: Mantid, Brine

American LobsterCrabs: Hermit, Blue, Green.Rock, Calico, Fiddler

Mussels: Blue, RibbedAtlantic Bay ScallopJingle ShellEastern OysterCockleClams: Northern Quahog,Sottshell, RazorShipwormSea Snails:Limpet, MoonSlipper Periwinkle: Smooth,rough, commonMud SnailAtlantic oysterdrillWhelk: Knobbed. Channeled

16

APPENDIX C

BOTANICAL INVENTORY- RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

TREESAilanthus (Tree of Heaven)Alder, SmoothAlder, SpeckledAppleAsh. MountainAsh, WhiteBasswood, American (Linden)Beech, AmericanBirch, BlackBirch, GrayBirch, WhiteCedar, Northern WhiteCedar, Eastern RedCherry, BlackChestnut. AmericanCottonwood. EasternElm, AmericanHawthorne, spp.Hemlock. EasternHickory. ButternutHickory, PignutHickory, ShagbarkHornbeam, AmericanLarch (Tamarack)Locust, BlackLocust. HoneyMagnolia, CucumberMaple, Ash-leaved (Box elder)Maple, NorwayMaple, RedMaple. Sugar (Silver)Mulberry, RedOak, BlackOak, PinOak. RedOak. ScrubOak, SwampOak. WhitePine, AustrianPine, Eastern whiteSassafrasShadbushSpruce, NorwaySweetgumSycamore, AmericanTulip tree (Yellow poplar)

Ailanthus a1tissimaAlnus serrulataA. rugosaMalus pumilaSorbus americanaFraxinus americanaTilia americanaFazus grandifoliaBetUla leOlaB. populifoliaB. papyriferaThuja occidentafisJuniperus virglnianaPrunus serotinacastanea dentataPopUlUS deltoidesUlmus americanaCraetegus spp.Tsuga canadensisCarya cordiformlsC. glabraC.ovataCarpinus carolinlanaLarix larieinaRobinia pseudoacaciaGleditsia triacanthosMagnolia acuminataAcer negundoA. platanoidesA. rubrumA. saccharumMorus rubraQuercus velutinaQ. palustrisQ. rubra (borealis)Q. i1icifoliaQ. bicolorQ. albaPinus nigraP. strobusSassafras albidumAmelanchier canadensisPicea abiesLiquidambar stypacifluaPlatanus occidentafisLiriodendron tUlipfera

17

APPENDIX C

BOTANICAL INVENTORY· RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE·LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

TREES-cont.Tupelo, BlackWeeping WillowWitchhazel

SHRUBSArrow-woodBarberry, JapaneseBayberryBladdernutBlueberry, LowBlueberry, Low BushBlueberry, High BushBurning BushBramblesCranberry, High BushCurrent/GooseberryForsythia spp.Honeysuckle, JapaneseKnotweed, JapanesePepperbush, Sweet or CoastRhododendron spp.Rose, MultifloraSassafrasSpicebushSumac, SmoothSumac, WingedPoison IvyViburnum, Maple-LeafWitch HazelYew, American

WILDFLOWERS. PLANTS & HERBSAlyssum, HoaryArrowhead. Broad~eaved

Aster, Heart-leavedAster, New YorkAster, White woodAvens. WhiteBaneberry. WhiteBindweed, HedgeBlack-eyed SusanBloodrootBluecurtsBonesetBugleweedBurdock

Nyssa sylvaticaSalix badylonicaHamamelis virginiana

Viburnum recognitumBerberis thunbergiiMyrica spp.Staphylea trifoliaVaccinium vacillansV. angustifoliumV. corybosumEuonymus atropurpureusRubus spp.Viburnum trilobumRibes spp.

Lonicera japonicaPolygonum cuspidatumClethra a1nifolia

Rosa multifloraSassafras albidumLindera benzoinRhus glabraR. copallinaR. radicansViburnum acerifoliumHamamelis virginianaTaxus canadensis

Berteroa incomaSagittaria latifoliaAster cordifoliusA. novae-belgiiA. divaricatusGeum canadenseActaea pachypodaConvolvulus sepiumRudbeckia hirtaSangUinaria canadensisTrichostema dichotomumEupatorium perfoliatumLycopus virginicusAretium minus

18

APPENDIX C

BOTANICAL INVENTORY- RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

WILDFLOWERS. PLANTS & HERBS- cont.Buttercup, Common TallCampion, StarryCatnipCelandineCelandine, LesserCelandine, PoppyChickweed, Mouse-earedCinquefoil, DwarfClover, WhiteCohosh, BlueColtsfootColumbineCress, Winter, (Yellow Rocket)Daisy, Ox-eyeDandelion, CommonDeadnettle, PurpleDogbane, SpreadingDutchman's BreechesEvening LychnisEverlasting, Sweet (Catfoot)Field PussytoesGall-of-the-earthGeranium, WildGi/l-over-the-ground (Ground-ivy)Goldenrod, ErectGoldenrod, Blue-stemmedGrassesGroundnutHeal-allHorse-balmHorsetailsHawkweed, Orange (Cevil's Paintbrush)Indian-pipeIris, Blue-FlagJack-in-the-PulpitJewelweed (Spotted Touch-Me-Not)Joe-Pye WeedKnonNeed,JapaneseKnOnNeed, Long-bristled SmartweedKnonNeed, Virginia (Jumpseed)Lamb's quarters (Pigweed)Lettuce, BlueLettuce, WhiteLettuce, Tall-whiteUly, TroutUly, Yellow Pond (BUllhead, Spatterdock)

Ranunculus acrisSilene stellataNepeta catariaChelidonium majusRanunculus ficataStylophorum diphyllumCerastium arvensePotentilla canadensisTrifolium repensCaulophyllum thalictroidesTussilago fartaraAquilegia canadensisBarbarea vulgarisChrysanthemum leucathemumTaraxacum officinaleLamium purpureumApocymum androsaemlfoliumDicentra cucullariaLychnis albaGnaphalium obtusifoliumAntennaria negiectaPrenanthes trifoliataGeranium maculatumGlechoma hec/eraceaSolidago altlssimaS. caesiaGramineae spp.Apios americanaPrunella vulgarisCollinsonia canadensisEquisetum spp.Hieracium aurantiacumMonotropa unifloraIris versicolorArisaema dracontiumImpatiens capensisEupatorium spp.Po/ygonum cuspidatumP. cespitosumTovara virginianaChenopodium albaLactula spp.Prenanthes albaP. altissimaErythronium americanumNuphar variegatum

19

Lythrum salicariaLysimachia ciliataDecodon verticillatusHibiscus palustrisH, palustris peckilCaltha palustrisMaianthemum canadenseThalictrum dioicumAsclepias syriacaA. purpurascensArtemisia vulgarisVerbascum thapsusV. blattariaLychnis coronariaAlliaria officinalisBoehmeria cylindricaUtrica dioiciaCircaea quadrisulcataUvularia sessifoliaVinca minorMatricaria matricariodesDianthus armeriaPlantago majorPhytolacca americanaOenothera biennisDaucus carotaAmbrosia artemisiifollaA. trifidaAnemonella thalictroidesThalictrum polygamumHypericum perforatumAralia spp.A, hlspidaSaxifraga virginlensisA. racemosaCapsella bursa-pastorisSymplocarpus foetidusSanicula spp.Antirrhinum orontiumPolygonatum biflorumSmilacina racemosaSonchus oleraceusVeronica arvensisV. serpyflifoliaClaytonia virginicaFragaria virginiana

APPENDIX C

BOTANICAL INVENTORY· RESERVOIR·SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

WILDFLOWERS, PLANTS &HERBS- cant.Loosestrife, PurpleLoosestrife, FringedLoosestrife, Swamp (Water-willow)Mallow, Swamp RoseMallow, Crimson-eyedMarigold, MarshMayflower, CanadaMeadowrue, EarlyMilkweed, CommonMilkWeed, PurpleMugwortMUllein, CommonMullein, MothMullein, PinkMustard GarlicNettle, FalseNettle, StingingNightshade, Enchanter'sOats, WildPeriwinklePineapple WeedPink, DeptfordPlantain, CommonPokeweedPrimrose, Common EveningQueen Anne's LaceRagweed, CommonRagweed, GreatRue, AnemoneRue, Tall MeadowSt. Johnswort, CommonSarsaparillaSarsaparilla, BristlySaxifrage, EarlySpikenardShepherd's purseSkunk CabbageSnakerootSnapdragon, LesserSolomon's SealSolomon's Seal, FalseSow-thistle, CommonSpeedwell, FieldSpeedwell, Thyme-leavedSpring-beautyStrawberry, Wild

20

APPENDIX C

BOTANICAL INVENTORY· RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE·LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

WILDFLOWERS, PLANTS & HERBS- cont.Sunflower, Thin-leavedThistle, BullTurtfeheadViolet, Common blueViolet, Smooth YellowViolet,Sweet WhiteWatercress, AlienWintergreen, SpottedYarrqw

VINESBindweed, HedgeBittersweet, AsiaticCucumber, BurDodderGrape, WildGreenbrier (Catbrier)Honeysuckle, JapaneseNightshade (Bittersweet)PorcefainberryVirginia Creeper

FERNS & FERN ALLIESBroad BeechMarginal ShieldChristmasCinnamonField HorsetailHayscentedInterruptedLadyMaidenhairMarshOstrichNew YorkRock PolypodySensitiveShining Clubmoss

Helianthus decapetalusCirsium vulgarChelone glabraViola papilionaceaV. pensylvanicaV. lauceolataNasturtium officinaleChimophila maculataAchillea millefolium

ConvolVUlus sepiumCelastrus orbiculatusSycios angularisCuscuta gronoviiVitis spp.Smilax rotundifoliaLonicera japonicaSolanum dulcamaraAmpelopsis brevipedinculataParthenocissis quinquefolia

Dryopteris hexagonopteraD. marginalisPolystichum acrostichoidesOsmunda cinnamomeaEquisetum arvenseDennstaedtia punctilobulaOsmunda claytonianaAthyrium filix-feminaAdiantum pedatumTelypteris palustrisMatteuccia struthiopterisThelypteris noveboracensisPolypodlum vulgareOnoclea senslbilisLycopodium lucidulum

Sources: 2 Walk Books (1984 and 1986), Wallace Irwin Jr., Edward Frankel, Mary Anne Johnson.Consultant Stephen Coleman (1992). •

21

*

e,s,t

KEY:12

APPENDIX D

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE RESEAVOIA·SHELDAAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX(Sources: LWRP 1986 Appendix A, Irma Volk, Paul Lehman, James and Mary Anne Johnson)

Occasional or rareConsultant Stephen Coleman- Observations March· November 1992Nesting in R-S-L CEA· Confirmed by Consultant

** Nests on Bonnie BriarE ENDANGERED SPECIES NY STATE DEC LIST (1983)S SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERNT THREATENED SPECIESV VULNERABLE SPECIES

NY STATE DEC LIST (1987)

PODICIPEDIFORMESPied-billed grebe2

PELECANIFORMESDouble-crested Cormorant2

CICONIIFORMESGreat Blue Heron2

Great Egret"Snowy Egret"Black-crowned Night Heron2

Green Heron2••

ANSERIFORMESMute Swan2,'

Snow Goose1

Canada Goose2,·Amer. Black Duck"Mallard'"Common Pintail,,2American Wigeon2

Wood Duck""Northern ShovelefBlue-winged TealGreen-winged TealRing-necked Duck"Greater Scaup1.2

Bufflehead2

Ruddy Duck"Common Merganser''>Red-breasted MergansefHooded Mergansef

FALCONIFORMESSharp-shinned Hawk"':Cooper's Hawk"

Podilymbus podiceps

Phalacrocorax auritus

Ardea herodiasCasmerodius albusEgretta thulaNycticorax nycticoraxButorides striatus

Cygnus olorChen hyperboreaBranta canadensisAnas rubripesA. platyrhynchosA. acutaA. americanaAix sponsaAnas c1ypeataA. discorsA. creccaAythya collarisA. marilaBucephala a/beolaOxyura jamaicensisMergus merganserM. serratorLophodytes cucullatus

Accipiter striatusA. cooperii

22

APPENDIX D

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE RESERVOIR·SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

Tt Northern Harrier2Red-tailed Haw~-

Tt Red-shouldered Hawk'Broad-winged Hawk"

e Golden Eagle'Tt Osprey'!

Turkey Vulture2

American Kestrel

GALLIFORMESRing-necked Pheasane·2,-

GRUIFORMESAmerican cooe,2Sora Rail2

CHARADRIIFORMESKilldeer2'-Greater YellowlegsLesser YellowlegsSolitary SandpiperSpotted Sandpiper2'Herring Gull2

Ring-bUled Gull2

Laughing Gull2

COLUMBIFORMESMourning Dove2,Rock Dove2,-

CUCULIFORMESYellow-billed Cuckoo'Black-billed Cuckoo'

STRIGIFORMESGreat Horned Owl2,Screech Owl"-

CAPRIMULGIFORMESSa Common Nighthawk"'-

APODIFORMESChimney Swift

V Ruby-throated Hummingbird,,2,-

CORACIIFORMESBelted Kingfisher2'-

Circus cyaneusButeo jamaicensisB. lineatusB. platypterusAquila chrysaetosPandion haliaetusCathartes auraFalco sparverius

Phasianus colchicus

Fulica americanaPorzana carolina

Charadrius vociferousTringa melanoleucaT. f1avipesT. solitariaAetitis maculariaLarus argentatusL. delawarenslsL. atricilla

Zenaida macrouraColumba livia

Coccyzus americanusC. erythropthalmus

Bubo virginianusOtus asio

Chordeiles minor

Chaetura pelagicaArchilochus colubris

Megaceryle alcyon

23

Melanerpes erythrocephalusDryocopus pileatusColaptes auratusMelanerpes carolinusSphyrapicus variusPicoides pubescensP, villosus

APPENDIX D

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

PICIFORMESRed-headed Woodpecker'Pileated Woodpecker2"Common Aicker2"Red-bellied Woodpecker2"Yellow-bellied Sapsucker2Downy Woodpecker2"

V Hairy Woodpecker2"

PASSERIFORMESTyrannidae-Flycatchers

Eastern Kingbird2,'Great Crested Flycatcher2"Eastern Phoebe2

,'

Eastern Pewee2,'

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher2Least Flycatcher

Hlrundinidae-SwallowsBarn Swallow2Tree Swallow2"Rough-winged SwallowBank Swallow

Corvidae-Jays. CrowsAmerican (Common) Crow2"Blue Jat"

Paridae- TitmiceBlack-capped Chickadee2

,'

Tufted Titmouse2,'

Sittidae-NuthatchesWhite-breasted Nuthatch2,'Red-breasted Nuthatch2

Certhiidae-CreepersBrown Creeper2

Troglodytidae- WrensHouse Wren2,'

Winter WrenCarolina Wren2.'

Mimidae-Mimic ThrushesBrown Thrasher2"Gray Catbird2

,'

Tyrannus tyrannusMyiarchUs crinitusSayomis phoebeContopus virensEmpidonax f1airventrisE, minimus

Hirundo rusticaIridoprocne bicolorStelgidopteryx ruficollisRlparia riparia

Corvus brachyrhynchosCyanocitta cristat

Parus atricapillusP. bicolor

Sitta carolinensisS. canadensis

Certhia familiaris

Troglodytes aedonT, troglodytesThryothorus ludovicianus

Toxostoma rufumDumetella carolinensis

24

--------------- ---

APPENDIX D

COMPILATION OF BIRD USTS FOR THE RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

Northern Mockingbird2,'

Turdidae-ThrushesAmerican Robin2,'Gray-cheeked Thrush2

Swainson's Thrush2

Hermit Thrush2

Veer/"Wood Thrush2,'

Sylviidae - Kinglets,Gnatcatchers:Ruby-crowned KinglefGolden-crowned Kinglet,,2Blue-gray Gnatcatchef-"

Bombycillidae - Waxwings:Cedar Waxwing2

Sturnidae • Starlings:European Starling2

,'

Vireonidae-VireosRed-eyed Vireo2

,'

Warbling Vireo2

Yellow-throated VireoSolitary Vireo2

Parulldae - Wood Warblers:Northern Parula WarblerBlack-throated Green Warbler2Black & White Warbler2"Blackpoll Warbler2Black-throated Blue WarblerMagnolia Warbler2Yellow-rumped Warbler2Canada Warbler2Chestnut-sided Warbler2Blackburnian WarblerAmerican Redstart2Prairie Warbler2"Palm Warbler2Blue-winged Warbler2"

V Yellow Warbler2"Worm-eating Warblef-'Tennessee Warbler

S Wilson's Warbler2

Mimus polyglottos

Turdus migratoriusCatharus minimusC. ustulatusC. guttatusC. fuscescensHylocichla mustelina

Regulus calendulaR. satrapaPolioptila caerulea

Bombycilla cedrorum

Sturnus vUlgaris

Vireo olivaceusV. gilvusV. flavifronsV. solitarius

Parula americanaDendroica virensMniotilta variaDendroica striataD. caerulescensD. magnoliaD. coronataWilsonia canadensisDendroica pensylvanicaD. fuscaSetophaga ruticillaDendroica discolorD. palmarumVermivora pinusDendroica petechiaHelmitheros vermivorusVermivora peregrinaWilsonia pusilla

25

APPENDIX D

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE·LEATHERSTOCKING COMPLEX

Common Yellowthroar"Louisiana Waterthrush2

.'

Ovenbird2.'

Ploceidae - Weaver Finches:House Sparrow

Icteridae - Blackbirds. Orioles:Red-winged Blackbird2

,'

Brown-headed Cowbird2,'

Rusty BlackbirdCommon Grackle2,'Orchard OrioleNorthern Oriole-Baltimore2

,·

Thraupidae - Tanagers:Scarlet Tanager"

Fringillidae • Finches, Sparrows:Northern Junc02

Northern cardinaI2,'

House Finch2.'

Purple Finch2

Evening Grosbeak,,2American Goldfinch2,'Pine Siskin2

Indigo Buntingt,2,'

Rose-breasted Grosbea~"Rufous-sided Towhee2

,'

White-throated Sparrow2White-crowned Sparrow2Chipping Sparr0w2.·Field Sparrow2"American Tree Sparrow2Fox Sparrow2Song Sparrow2"

Geothlypis trichasSeiurus motacillaS. aurocapillus

Passer domesticus

Agelaius phoeniceusMolothrus aterEuphagus carolinusQuiscalus guiscularIcterus spuriusI. galbula

Piranga ollvacea

Junco hyemallsCardinalls cardinallsCarpodacus mexicanusC. purpureusHesperiphona vespertinaCarduelis tristisC. pinusPasserina cyaneaPheucticus ludovicianusPipilo erythrophthalmusZonotrichia albicollisZ. leucophrysSpizella passerinaS. pusillaS. arboreaPasserella illacaMelospiza melodia

26

ENDANGERED SPECIESSPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERNTHREATENED SPECIESVULNERABLE SPECIESNY STATE DEC L1ST·1987

APPENDIX E

COMPILATION OF BIRD USlS FOR lHE PREMIUM RIVER-PINE BROOK WETLANDS COMPLEX

1 Identified in Chester Place Woods (May 1967-July 1969) by T. Waller.

Pryer Manor Marsh, Premium River/marshes, Mill Pond and adjacent lands:2 1970-1973 Sidney Bahrt et al.3 October 1978-1985 Mary Anne Johnson et al.4 1987-1988 Audubon Christmas Count & PPPA monitors (partial).5 March 11, 1989 John Moyle Bird Walk.6 1972-1990 James Coe Life List & Bird Walk 10/14/90.7 June '92; Jan-July '93 Consultant Stephen Coleman* Occasional or rare.** NestingE NY State Iist-1983STVe,s,t

GAVIIFORMESGaviidae- Loons:S Common Loon

PODICIPEDIFORMESPodiclpedidae - Grebes:

Horned GrebePied-billed Grebe

PELECANIFORMESPhalacrocoracldae - Cormorants:

Double-crested Cormorant

CICONIIFORMESArdeidae - Herons:

Great Blue HeronLittle Blue HeronLouisiana HeronGreat EgretSnowy EgretCattle EgretBlack-crowned Night Her.Yellow-crowned Night Her.Green Heron

Ss Least BitternAmerican Bittern

Threskiornithidae - Typical Ibises:Glossy Ibis

Gavia immer

Colymbus auritus.Podllymbus podiceps

Phalacrocorax auritus

Ardea herodiasFlorida caeru/eaHydranassa tricolorCasmerodius albusEgretta thulaBubulcus ibisNycticorax nycticoraxNyctanassa violaceaButorides striatusIxobrychus exllisBotaurus lentiginosus

Plegadls falcinellus

27

3

3,4,5,63.6

7

3,4,6,762"'1 4"2,3,4,6,72,3,4,6,72'3,4,6,73-

1,2,3.6,7--

12,3,7**

1,3

APPENDIX E

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE PREMIUM RIVER-PINE BROOK WETLANDS COMPLEX

ANSERIFORMESAnatidae - Cygninae - Swans:

Mute Swan Cygnus olor 2,3,4,5,6,7'-

Anatidae - Anserinae - Geese:Snow Goose Chen hyperborea 3,4Canada Goose Branta canadensis 2,3,4,5,6,7'-Brant B. bernicla 4,6,7

Anatidae - Anatinae - Marsh Ducks:Amer. Black Duck Anas rubripes 2,3,4,6,7Gadwall A. strepera 3,4,6,7Mallard A. platyrhynchos 1,2,3,4,5,6,7'-Common Pintail A. acuta 3'American Widgeon A. americana 2,3,4,5,6,7Eurasian Widgeon A. penelope 2,3',4,6Wood Duck Ail< sponsa 2,3-,7Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 3,4,6,7Blue-winged Teal A. discors 6

Anatidae - Aythyinae - Diving Ducks:Oldsquaw Clangula hyemalis 5Canvasback Aythya valissineria 2,3,4,5,6Redhead A. americana 6Lesser Scaup A. affinis 3,4,6,7Greater Scaup A. marila 3,4,5,6,7Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula 3,6Bufflehead B. albeola 3,4,5,6,7

Anatidae - Oxyurinae - Stiff-Tailed Ducks:Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis 3,6,7

Anatidae - Merginae • Mergansers:Common Merganser Mergus merganser 3,6,7Red-breasted Merganser M. serrator 3,4,5,6Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 3,6,7

FALCONIFORMESAccipitridae - Hawks etc.:

Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus 4,5,6,7s Cooper's Hawk A. cooperii 6

Northern Goshawk A. gentilis 5Tt Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus 3,6

Buteoninae - Eagles etc.:Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis 3,5,6,7

Tt Red-shouldered Hawk B. Iineatus 3

28

APPENDIX E

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE PREMIUM RIYER-PINE BROOK WETLANDS COMPLEX

Pandionidae - Ospreys:Tt Osprey

Cathartidae - American Vultures:Turkey VUlture

Falconinae • Falcons:American KestrelMerlin

GALLIFORMESTetraonidae • Grouse etc.:

Ruffed Grouse

Phasianidae - Pheasants:Ring-necked Pheasant

GRUIFORMESRaJlldae - Duck-like swimmers:

American CootVirginia RailClapper RailSora

CHARADRIIFORMESCharadriidae - Plovers:

Semipalmated PloverKilldeer

Scolopacidae - Sandpipers etc.:American WoodcockGreater YeJlowiegsLesser YellowlegsSolitary SandpiperSanderlingPectoral SandpiperDunlinSpotted SandpiperLeast SandpiperSemipalmated SandpiperWhite-rumped Sandpiper

Laridae - Larinae - Gulls:Herring GullRing-billed GullGreat Black-backed GullLaughing Gull

Pandion haliaetus

Cathartes aura

Falco sparveriusF. columbarius

Bonasa umbellus

Phasianus colchicus

Fulica americanaRallus IimicolaR. longirostrisPorzana carolina

Charadrius semipalmatusC. vociferous

Philohela minorTrlnga meJanoJeucaT. flavipesT. solitariaCalidris albaC. melantosC. alpinaActitis maculariaCalidris minutillaC. pusillaC. fuscicollis

Larus argentatusL delawarensisL marinusL atricilla

29

3,6

3,7

2,3,63

1,2,3,4,5,6,i'

2,3,63'3'6

2',6,71,2,3,5,6,7"

3,62,3,62,3,62223'3,622,32

1,2,3,5,6,73,4,5,6,72,3,4,5,6,73,4,6,7

APPENDIX E

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE PREMIUM RIVER-PINE BROOK WETLANDS COMPLEX

Bonaparte's Gull

Laridae • Sternidae - Terns:Ee Least (Little) TernTt Common Tern

Rynchopidae - Skimmers:Black Skimmer

COLUMBIFORMESColumbidae • Pigeons, Doves:

Mourning DoveRock Dove

STRIGIFORMESTytonidae • Bam Owls:S8 Barn Owl

Strigidae • Typical Owls:Common Screech OwlGreat Horned OwlSnowy Owl

CAPRIMULGIFORMESCaprimulgidae - Goatsuckers:S8 Common Nighthawk

APODIFORMESTrochilidae - Hummingbirds:V Ruby-throated Hummbrd.

CORACIIFORMESAlcedlnidae - Kingfishers:

Belted Kingfisher

PICIFORMESPicidae - Woodpeckers:

Red-headed WoodpeckerPi/eated WoodpeckerC;ommon FlickerRed-bellied WoodpeckerYellow-bellied SapsuckerDowny Woodpecker

V Hairy Woodpecker

L. phi/adelphia

Sterna albifronsS. hirundo

Rynchops niger

Zenaida macrouraColumba livia

Tyto alba

Otus asioBubo virginianusNyctea scandiaca

Chordeiles minor

Archi/ochus coJubris

Megaceryle alcyon

Melanerpes erythrocephalusDryocopus pi/eatusColaptes auratusMelanerpes carolinusSphyrapicus variusPicoides pubescensP. villosus

30

6

3,63

3'

1,2,3,4,5,6,7"1,2,3,4,5,6,7"

3

3,7

1,2,3,6,7

2,3,5,6,7

1,331,2,3,4,6,73,4,72,31,2,3,4,5,6,71,2,3,6,7

APPENDIX E

COMPILATION OF BIRD LISTS FOR THE PREMIUM RIVER·PINE BROOK WETLANDS COMPLEX

PASSERIFORMESTyrannidae • Flycatchers:

1,2,3,6,7-Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannusGreat Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus 2,6,7Ash-throated Flycatcher M. cinerascens 2·

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe 1,3,6,7Eastern Pewee Contopus virens 2,3Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens 1Yellow-bellied Flycatcher E. f1airventris 1

Hirundinldae • Swallows:Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonata 1Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 2,3,6,7Tree Swallow Iridoprocne bicolor 3,6,7Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollls 1,2,6Bank SWallow Riparia riparia 2,3

Corvidae - Jays, Crows:Fish Crow Corvus ossifragus 3,6,7American (Common) Crow C. brachyrhynchos 1,2,3,5,6,7Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristat 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Paridae - Titmice:Black-capped Chickadee Parus atricapUlus 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Tufted Titmouse P. blc%r 1,2,3,4,5,6,7··

Sittidae • Nuthatches:White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-Red-breasted Nuthatch S. canadensis 3,6

Certhiidae • Creepers:Brown Creeper Certhia familiaris 1,2

Troglodytidae - Wrens:House Wren Troglodytes aedon 1,3,6,7··Winter Wren T. troglodytes 3Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus 3,6,7Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris 1,3Sedge Wren C. platensis 1

Mimidae • Mimic Thrushes:Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum 1,2,3,4,6Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis 2,3,4,6,7··Northern Mockingbird Mimus polygfottos 2.3,4.5.6.7

Turdidae - Thrushes:S8 Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis 1.2,4

31

APPENDIX E


American Robin Turdus migratorius 1,2,3,4,6,7Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus 1,6Hermit Thrush C. guttatus 4,6Veery C. fuscescens 6Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 1,3,7Fieldfare Turdus pilaris 3"

Sylviidae - Kinglets,Gnatcatchers:Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula 1,2,3,4,6Golden-crowned Kinglet R. satrapa 6Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea 3

Motacillidae - Pipets etc.:Water (American) Pipet Anthus spinoletta 3"

Bombycillidae - Waxwings:Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum 2,3",6,7

Sturnidae - Starlings:Eurasian Starling Sturnus vulgaris 1,2,3,4,6,7

Vireonidae - Vireos:Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 3,7

Parulidae - Wood Warblers:Northern Parula Warbler Parula americana 6Black-throated Green War. Dendroica virens 1,6Black & White Warbler Mniotilta varia 1,2,3,6,7Black-throated Blue War. Dendrolca caerulescens 6Magnolia Warbler D. magnolia 1,6Yellow-rumped Warbler D. coronata 1,2,3,6Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis 1Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina 6Chestnut-sided Warbler D. pensylvanica 6Blackburnian Warbler D. fusca 1American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla 1,2,6,7Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor 6Palm Warbler D. palmarum 2,6Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus 3,6,7*·

V Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia 1,2,3,6,7Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus 6Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina 6

S Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla 1,6Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla 6Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia 1Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas 1,2,3,6,7Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria verens 1

32

APPENDIX E


Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis 1Louisiana Waterthrush S. motacilla 1,7Ovenbird S. aurocapillus 1,3,6,7

Ploceidae - Weaver Finches:House Sparrow Passer domesticus 1,2,3,5,6,7

Icteridae - Blackbirds, Orioles:Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus 1,2,3,5,6,7"Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater 1,2,3,6,7Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus 1Common Grackle Quiscalus guiscula 1,2,3,5,6,7Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorous 2,6

V Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna 2,3Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius 2,6Northern Oriole (Baltimore) I. galbu/a 1,2,3,6,7

Thraupidae • Tanagers:Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 1,2,3,7

Fringillidae - Finches, Sparrows:Northern Junco Junco hyemalis 1,2,3,4,6Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis 6Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis 1,2,3,4,5,6,7House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus 1,2,3,5,6,7Purple Finch C. purpureus 1,3,6Evening Grosbeak Hesperiphona vespertina 3'American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis 2,3,6,7Pine Siskin C. pinus 3',6Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 6,7Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheuctfcus ludovicianus 1,2,3,6Rufous-sided Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus 1,2,3,4,6,7White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia alblcollis 2,3,4,5,6,7White-crowned Sparrow Z. leucophrys 1,3',6Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina 1,6,7Field Sparrow S. pusilla 2,6,7Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana 6American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea 1,3,6Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum 6Fox Sparrow Passerella i1iaca 1,2,3,6,7Song Sparrow Melosplza melodia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7"

58 Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus 1,2,6Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis 2,6

33

APPENDIX F

BOTANICAL INVENTORY- HOMMOCKS MARSH COMPLEX

TREESAilanthus (Tree of Heaven)Ash, GreenBirch, BlackBirch, WhiteCedar, Northern WhiteCedar, Eastern RedCherry, BlackCottonwood, EasternElm, AmericanElm, SlipperyHawthorne, spp.Hickory, MockernutHickory, PignutLocust, BlackLocust, HoneyMaple, NorwayMaple, Sugar (Silver)Mulberry, RedOak, PinOak, PostOak, SwampOak, WhitePine, RedPine, ScotchPine, Eastern whiteSassafrasSpruce, NorwayTupelWillow, WeepingWillow, Silky

SHRUBS & VINESBarberry, JapaneseBindweed, FieldBittersweet, AsiaticBramblesCherry, ChokeCurrent/GooseberryDogwood, SilkyDogwood, FloweringElder, Red-berriedElder, MarshGrape, FoxGreen-brier, CommonGreen-brier, BristlyHazelnut, American

Ailanthus altissimaFraxinus pennsylvanica lanecolataBetula lentaB. papyriferaThuja occidentalisJuniperus virginianaPrunus serotinaPopulus deltoidesUlmus americanaU. fulvaCraetegus spp.Carya tomentosaC. glabraRobinia pseudoacaciaGleditsia triacanthosA. platanoidesA. saccharumMorus rubraQuercus palustrisQ. stellataQ. bicoJorQ.albaPinus resinosaP. sylvestrisP. strobusSassafras albidumPicea abiesNyssa sylvaticaSalix babylonicaS. sericea

Berberis thunbergiiConvolvulus arvensisCelastrus orbiculatusRubus spp.Prunus virginianaRibes spp.Comus amonumC.f1oridaSambucus spp.Iva frutescensVitis labruscaSmilax glaucaS. hispidaCorytus americana

34

-------- --------

APPENDIX F


SHRUBS &VINES- cont.Honeysuckle, CanadianHoneysuckle, JapaneseMorning Glory, CommonNightshade, BittersweetOlive, RussianPoison IvyRose, Sweet BrierRose, MultifloraSt. Johnswort, ShrubbySea LavenderSumac, SmoothSumac, WingedViburnum, Maple-LeafVirginia Creeper, WoodbineWitch Hazel

WILDFLOWERS, GRASSES, FERNSAlfalfaAlyssum, HoaryAnemone, RueAsparagus, Wild

Aster, Heart-leavedAster, New YorkAster, White woodAvens, WhiteBaneberry, WhiteBindweed, Hedge

Bindweed, FieldBluebells, Virginia

Burdock, CommonButtercup, Common Tall

Butter-and-EggsCatnipCelandineChickweed, Mouse-eared

ChicoryClover, White

Clover, RedClover, Yellow Hop

Daisy, Ox-eyeDandelion, Common

Dock, CurledDogbane, SpreadingEvening Lychnis

Fern, MarshFern, Sensitive

Lonicera sempervirensL. japonicaIpomoea purpureaSolanum dulcamaraElaeagnus angustifoliaR. radicans Rose, MultifloraRosa multifloraRosa eglanteriaR. multiflortaHypericum spp.Limonium nashiiRhus glabraR. copallinaViburnum acerifoliumParthenocissus quinquefoliaHamamelis virginiana

Medicago sativaBerteroa incanaAnemonella thalictoidesAsparagus officinalisAster cordifoliusA. novae-be/gilA. divaricatusGeum canadenseActaea pachypodaConvolvulus sepiumC, arvensisMertensia virginicaArctium minusRanunculus acrisLinaria vulgarisNepeta catariaChelidonium majusCerastium arvenseCichorium intybusTrifolium repensT, pratenseT, agrariumChrysanthemum leucathemumTaraxacum officinaleRumex crispusApocymum androsaemifoliumLychnis albaTelypteris palustrisOnoclea sensibnis

35

Erigeron annuusAlopecurus spp.Geranium maculatumSolidago sempervirensS. graminifoliaS. erectaPea pratensis var.Spartina pectinataPhalaris arundinaceaHieracium pilosellaPrunella VUlgarisEquisetum spp.Arlsaema dracontiumImpatiens capensisEupatorium spp.Polygonum cuspidatumTovara virginianaChenopodium albaLactula biennisLythrum salicariaAsclepias syriacaVerbascum thapsusV. blattariaAlliaria officinalisUtrica diolciaSolanum dulcamaraCircaea quadrisulcataPhlox divaricataPhragmites spp.Matricaria matricarlodesPlantago majorPhytolacca americanaDaucus carotaAmbrosia artemisiifoJiaHypericum pertoratumSaxifraga virginiensisCyperus spp.Polygonum pensylvanicumP. pUbescensOxalis striClaHypoxis hirsutaFragarla virginianaChelone glabraVida craccaCoronilla variaViola papilionacea

APPENDIX F


WILDFLOWERS, GRASSES, FERNS- cont.Fleabane, DaisyFoxtail, Meadow

Geranium, WildGoldenrod, Seaside

Goldenrod, Lance-LeavedGoldenrod, Slender

Grass, BlueGrass, CordGrass, Reed CanaryHawkweed, Mouse-Ear

Heal-allHorsetailsJack-in-the-PulpitJewelweed (Spotted Touch-Me-Not)Joe-Pye WeedKnohNeed, JapaneseKnohNeed, Virginia (Jumpseed)Lamb's quarters (Pigweed)Lettuce, Tall BlueLoosestrife, PurpleMilkweed, CommonMullein, CommonMullein, MothMustard GarlicNettle, Stinging

Nightshade, BittersweetNightshade, Enchanter's

Phlox, Wild BluePhragmites

Pineapple WeedPlantain, CommonPokeweedQueen Anne's LaceRagweed, CommonSI. Johnswort, CommonSaxifrage, Early

SedgesSmartweedSolomon's SealSorrel, WoodStar-Grass, YellowStrawberry, WildThistle, BullVetch, BlueVetch, Crown

Violet, Common blue

36

APPENDIX F

BOTANICAL INVENTORY· HOMMOCKS MARSH COMPLEX

WILDFLOWERS, GRASSES. FERNS- cont.

Violet, Smooth YellowViolet, Sweet WhiteWaterleaf, Virginia

V, pensylvanicaV,lauceolataHydrophyllum virginianum

Source: Consultant Stephen Coleman 1992-1993.

37

Gavla immer

APPENDIXG

BIRD SPECIES - HaMMOCKS SALT MARSH COMPLEX

KEY:1 Consultant Stephen Coleman 1992-1993* Occasional or rareNY State DEC list (1983)S SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERNT THREATENED SPECIESV WLNERABLE SPECIES

e, S, t NY State DEC IisI (1987)

GAVIIFORMESS Common Loon

PODICIPEDIFORMESHorned Grebe

PELECANIFORMESDouble-crested Cormorant

CICONIIFORMESGreat Blue HeronGreat EgretSnowy EgretBlack-crowned Night Her.Green HeronAmerican BitternGlossy Ibis

ANSERIFORMESMute SwanCanada GooseAmer. Black DuckMallard

FALCONIFORMESSharp-shinned Hawk

TI Northern HarrierRed-taDed Hawk

n OspreyAmerican KestrelMertln

GALLIFORMESRing-necked Pheasant

GRUIFORMESAmerican Coot

Colymbus auritus'

Phalacrocorax auritus'

Ardea herodlas1

Casmerodius albus'Egretta thuia'Nycticorax nycticorax1

Butorides striatus'Botaurus lentlglnosusPlegadis falcinellus

Cygnus olor'Branta canadensis'Anas rubripes'A. platyrhynchos'

Accipiter striatus1

Circus cyaneusButeo jamaicensis'Pandlon haliaetus1

Falco sparveriusF. columbarlus

Phasianus colchicus1

Fulica americana'

38

APPENDIXG

BIRD SPECIES - HaMMOCKS SALT MARSH COMPLEX

CHARADRIIFORMESSemipalmated PloverKilldeerGreater YellowlegsLesser YellowlegsSpotted SandpiperHerring GullRing-billed GullLaughing Gull

Tt Common Tern

COLUMBIFORMESMourning DoveRock Dove

CAPRIMULGIFORMESS8 Common Nighthawk

CORACIIFORMESBelted Kingfisher

PICIFORMESCommon FlickerDowny Woodpecker

PASSERIFORMES

Tyrannldae-FlycatchersEastern Phoebe

Hirundinidae-SwallowsBarn SwallowTree Swallow

Corvidae-Jays. CrowsFish CrowAmerican (Common) CrowBlue Jay

Paridae- TitmiceBlack-capped ChickadeeTufted Titmouse

Sittidae-NuthatchesWhite-breasted Nuthatch

Charadrius semipalmatus'C. vociferous'Tringa melanoleuca'T. f1avipesActitis maculariaLarus argentatus'L. delawarensis'L. atricilla'Sterna hirundo

Zenaida macroura'Columba livia'

Chordeiles minor'

Megaceryle alcyon'

CoIaptes auratus1

Picoldes pubescens'

Sayornis phoebe'

Hirundo rustica'Iridoprocne bicolor'

Corvus ossifragus'C. brachyrhynchos'Cyanocitta cristat'

Parus atrlcapillus'P. blcolor'

Sina carolinensis'

39

APPENDIX G

BIRD SPECIES - HOMMOCKS SALT MARSH COMPLEX

Troglodytidae- WrensHouse WrenCarolina Wren

Mimidae-Mimic ThrushesBrown ThrasherGray CatbirdNorthern Mockingbird

Turdidae-ThrushesS8 -Eastern Bluebird

American RobinGray-Cheeked ThrushSwainson's ThrushWood Thrush

Sylviidae - Kinglets,Gnatcatchers:Ruby-crowned KingletGolden-crowned Kinglet

Bombycillidae - Waxwings:Cedar Waxwing

Sturnidae - Starlings:European Starling

Vireonidae-VireosRed-eyed Vireo

Parulidae - Wood Warblers:Northern Parula WarblerBlack-throated Green WarBlack & White WarblerBlack-throated Blue War.Magnolia WarblerYellow-rumped WarblerChestnut-sided WarblerAmerican RedstartBlue-winged Warbler

V Yellow WarblerS Wilson's Warbler

Common Yellowthroat

Ploceidae - Weaver Finches:House Sparrow

Troglodytes aedon1

Thryothorus ludovicianus1

Toxostoma rufumDumetella carolinensis 'Mimus polyglottos'

Sialia sialis'Turdus migrator/us'Catharus minimusC. ustulatusHylocichla mustelina'

Regulus calendulaR. satrapa'

Bombycilla cedrorum'

Sturnus vulgaris'

Vireo olivaceus'

Parula americanaDendroica virens'Mniotilta varia1

Dendroica caerulescensD. magnoliaD. coronata'D. pensylvanlca'Setophaga ruticilla1

Vermivora pinus'Dendroica petechia'Wilsonia pusillaGeothlypis trichas'

Passer domesticus'

40

APPENDIX G

BIRD SPECIES - HOMMOCKS SALT MARSH COMPLEX

Icteridae - Blackbirds, Orioles:Red-winged BlackbirdBrown-headed CowbirdCommon GrackleBobolink

V Eastern MeadowlarkNorthern Oriole-Baltimore

Fringillidae - Finches, Sparrows:Northern JuncoNorthern CardinalHouse FinchAmerican GoldfinchIndigo BuntingRufous-sided TowheeWhite-throated SparrowChipping SparrowFox SparrowSong Sparrow

Agelaius phoeniceus'Molothrus ater'Quiscalus guiscula'Dolichonyx oryzivorousSturnella magna

Icterus galbula'APPENDIX G

Junco hyemalis'Cardinalis cardinalis1

Carpodacus mexicanus'Carduelis tristis1

Passerina cyanea1

Pipilo erythrophthalmus1

Zonotrichia albicollis'Spizella passerina1

Passerella iliaca'Melospiza melodia1

41

APPENDIXG

BIOLOGICAL INVENTORY - HOMMOCKS SALT MARSH COMPLEX

MAMMALSEastern ChipmunkWhite-tailed DeerCommon Eastern MoleWhite-footed Deer MouseMuskratOpossumEastern Cottontail RabbitRacoonBrown (Norway) RatShort-tailed ShrewStriped SkunkEastern Gray SqUirrelBlack SqUirrelNorth Amerivan Field VoleWoodchuck

REPTILESNorthern Diamondback Terrapin

AMPHIBIANSGray Tree FrogBull FrogGreen FrogAmerican Toad

INSECTSDamselflyDragonflyPraying Mantis

AQUATIC SPECIESHorseshoe CrabFiddler CrabMarsh SnailRibbed Mussel

AlewivesStriped BassBluefishAmerican EelFlounder, winterKillifishMackeralMenhadenPorgySilversidesTautog (Blackfish)

Tamias striatus'Odocoileus virginianus'Scalopus aquaticus'Peromyscus leucopus1

Ondratra zibethicus1

Didelphis marsupialis'Sylvilagus f10ridantls1

Procyon lotor'Rattus norvegicus1

Blarina brevicauda1

Mephitis monax'Sciurus carolinensis1

S. nigerMicrotus pennsylvanicus'Marmota monax'

Malaclemys terrapin

Hyla versicolor'Rana catesheiano'R. c1amitans'Bufo americanus'

Limulus poiychamus'Uca minor'Amnicola spp.'Geukensia demissa

Alosa pseudoharengusMorone saxatilisPomatomus saltatrixAngUilla rostrataPseudopleuronectes americanusFUndulus spp.Scomber scombrusBrevoortia tyrannus

Menidia spp.Tautoga onitis

42

APPENDIX H

MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE HOMMOCKS SALT MARSH COMPLEX'by Stephen W. Coleman, Environmental Consultant, December 1993

Field observations of the Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex were conducted from March throughNovember 1993. The Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex consists of a mixture of habitatsincluding open fields, woods and meadows, salt marsh, intertidal flats and open water. Thewater depth tends to be shallow and consists mostly of salt or brackish water. Land usethroughout the area includes a mixture of residential and commercial developments.

Management recommendations for the Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex follow standardoperating practices used in natural area management. The eventual implementation of thesemanagement recommendations will require someone familiar with plant identification to overseethat proper restoration and maintenance strategies are performed correctly.

I. PRESENT PROBLEMS AND/OR THREATS

A. VISITOR ACCESSIBILITY AND PERCEPTIONS

The Hommocks Conservation Area is not clearly identified for the first time visitor. Trail signsare absent and once they find the area, it is not entirely clear where one should park and wherethe trail begins and ends.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. Paint all wood posts a consistent color that helps identify that each entrance location ispart of the same area. "Brown paint with Yellow or White Lettering" is often usedthroughout other Westchester sites.

2. Maintain erected signs with appropriate signage that identifies the area as theHommocks Conservation Area.

3. Garbage cans that are located at each entrance should be maintained on a regular basisand if possible replaced with newer ones that have a locking cover. They should also beplaced in areas that are easier for maintenance crews to maintain on a regular basis.

4. Parking along the road is not an ideal situation. Cars parked along the road can be anuisance to residents, passing motorists, and a potential safety hazard for visitors. A newparking area could be created at the corner of Hommocks Road and Oak Lane for up to6 vehicles. A parking area in this location would serve to create a definable entrance to theHommocks Conservation Area, remove parking from Hommocks Road, and create for the

The complete, detailed Management Report may be seen at the Town or Mamaroneck Conservation Department.Appendix H is an excerpt or that report.

43

APPENDlXH

visitor a clearly marked beginning point to the trail system. The periphery of the parkingarea could be screened with vegetation that is native to the site. An evergreen border withsome deciduous shrubs would be appropriate. Included within the new parking area shouldbe a trail kiosk that would provide infonnation for visitors about the HommocksConservation Area, a large trail map, registration and other informational materials.

B. TRAIL SYSTEM

The present trail system needs some major repairs to improve the safety and overall experiencefor the visitor. The present layout of the trails is confusing in two areas: the field/meadow trailsection and the lower trail nearest Hommocks Road. In addition, all of the boardwalks are inneed of maintenance and stabilization..

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. Make necessary repairs to the boardwalk sections of the trails.

2. At the junction of the main boardwalk where it goes out into the marsh and terminateswas probably designed to serve as an area to allow easier access to the salt marsh. Thiscould be re-built and expanded to serve as a sampling area for educational groups studyingthe salt marsh environments.

3. Where the trail ends at the school playing field, it would be desirable to visuallydemonstrate that the trail continues to the other end of the school playing field. Eithermarking the trail edge or creating a trail inside the edge of the playing field would solve thisproblem for visitors.

4. The trail within the field/meadow area needs to have a marking system to visibly showvisitors that the trail goes around the edge of the field/meadow.

5. If the recommendation for creating a new parking area is adopted, the followingimprovements should also be made to the existing trail system:

a. The trail should begin and end at the new parking lot area.

b. The trail layout should be designed to be a one-way loop.

c. The trail entrances along Hommocks Road should be removed, posts should be takenout or chained with a sign indicating the direction for the new entrance area. The trailsection for each entrance should be changed to be one continuous loop and marked witha sign, or vegetation planted to discourage their use by visitors and residents.

d. Garbage cans should only be present at the new parking area.

44

----------~-- --

APPENDIX H

e. At the far edge of the salt marsh by the school playing field, it may be appropriateto install an informational sign/shelter that explains the Hommocks Conservation Area.

II. HABITAT MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION

The Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex represents an ecological system that has been significantlyaltered due to internal and external influences. The Hommocks Conservation Area consists ofapproximately five distinct habitat types. These include a mixture ofwoodland habitats, an openfield/meadow area, a salt marsh, intertidal flats within the salt marsh area, and an open waterenvironment. Each habitat area has shown the adverse impacts of land use practices andencroachment from adjacent land use activities. The management recommendations that followare designed to help restore and improve the natural functioning of this unique and veryimportant ecological resource.

A. WOODLANDS/FOREST

The woodland habitat present within the Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex primarily refers tothe areas adjacent to Hommocks Road. This wooded section provides a distinct transition zonebetween the residential homes and golf course on one side and the salt marsh complex on theother side. In many instances, this wooded section helps to serve as a corridor for wildlifespecies to move between habitat zones.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. Asiatic bittersweet has aggressively become established throughout the woodland habitat.This aggressive vine needs to be pruned back at its roots in successive years until themajority of it has been weakened and starts to die back.

2. Japanese Barberry and Japanese Honeysuckle should be spot cut and removed from thesite to favor some of the m<1re indigenous species.

3. Additional pruning of shrubs and vines should occur to keep them out of the trail areasand where they are encroaching other more sensitive native species.

4. Ailanthus and Locust trees should be cut immediately from. the site. Ailanthus hasbecome well established and will continue to take over the site and drastically change thetransition zone between the forest edge and the salt marsh.

5. Introduced cultivated species Like Blue Spruce should be cut and removed from the site.There is only one individual of this species present on the study area.

6. Several trees have been removed recently along the Hommocks Road adjacent to the golfcourse. This has served to alter the corridor that was present for wildlife species. Inaddition, these changes will encourage the introduction of more aggressive invasive species.

45

APPENDIXH

Periodic surveys of what species become established will need to be monitored.

B. FIELD/MEADOW

The field/meadow habitat has a relatively good diversity of species and its small size allows theopportunity to create a more self-sustaining system with minimal management and maintenance.Species commonly associated with a farm/agricultural operation can be observed within thefield/meadow. This is representative of former land use practices within this particular area.The field/meadow site has a minimal transition area to the salt marsh environment and consistsof species that have adapted well to the limitations of the site. This area could be restored todemonstrate and reveal typical successional stages within a natural plant community.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. The trail around the edge of the field/meadow should be mowed frequently during thegrowing season. Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans) should be pulled out along the edges of the trailas needed.

2. All tree, shrub and vine saplings and shoots should be cut back within the open meadowarea once per year.

3. The open meadow area should not be mowed every season as is currently the practice.Instead the meadow should be mowed every 3-4 years as long as step # 2 above is beingdone on an annual basis.

4. To restore the diversity of species present within the meadow it is advisable to add newplants on an annual basis. This will serve to increase diversity and in the long run helpsustain the plant community. Perennial native wildflowers and grasses should be plantedevery spring or fall. This practice should continue for 3 -5 years.

5. Along the Hommocks Road border, a new corridor should be established to isolate theroad and golf course from the field/meadow area. This should be done in two layers. Firsta layer of trees followed by a layer of shrubs to create two distinct zones of vegetation.Tree species should be native species. Evergreen trees would be ideal to create more of ascreen from the golf course area. The shrub layer should consist of native species,preferably berry and seed producing species that are preferred by wildlife.

6. The screening border along the edge of the salt marsh should be maintained. Somepruning of the lower branches should be done to create a few more layered vistas from thefield/meadow trail area into the salt marsh. All vines that are growing around these treesshould be cut and later removed.

46

APPENDIX H

C. SALT MARSH

The Salt Marsh appears to be relatively stable with the plant community fairly well established,especially the shrub layer. Species present are representative of other salt marsh communities.The loss of tidal flow throughout this area more than likely has influenced the growth ofmonotypic stands of salt marsh shrub species. A significant amount of pollution is evidentwithin the salt marsh environment. Garbage and debris is readily found along with evidence ofpetroleum remains at the base of many of the plants.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. The phragmites have taken over the area between the two boardwalks and has virtuallyeliminated any other species. They should be cut and removed to encourage a more opengrowth pattern and establishment of other marsh grass species. Phragmites cannot beeradicated, however, a judicious cutting and removal a few times a year can have apronounced effect on its aggressiveness.

2. If possible, a planting program to establish more diversity of salt marsh grasses wouldgreatly improve the value of this area. Cord grass (Spartina pectinata), is readily availablefrom many nursery sources. The key criteria would be to have the personnel to implementthis type of project.

3. The edge of the salt marsh adjacent to the school field could be planted with a shrub andtree border to screen this area from the school field and create a more permanent bufferbetween these two areas.

D. INTERTIDAL FLATS

The intertidal flats habitat zone is well represented and provides plenty of suitable area for saltmarsh species. There appears to be a limited abundance and activity by salt marsh organisms.Few crabs were observed in the area. Observed use by wildlife species appeared to beinfrequent and these areas were not functioning as a principal feeding area. Wildlife specieswere observed using the area but were not actively exhibiting feeding behavior. The amount ofintertidal habitat appears average for the site and relatively free from encroachment by shrubspecies. Through time, due to less tidal flushing action, it is likely that the amount of thisparticular habitat will begin to diminish in area.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

No specific recommendations at this time.

E. OPEN WATER

A large section of open water habitat is present within the salt marsh complex. The open water

47

APPENDIX H

area is relatively shallow and appears to remain relatively consistent. At entry points there isevidence of siltation that is helping to reduce the amount of open water habitat available. Alot of debris is evident in the water. The water is murky and has a lot of suspended solids.Aquatic vegetation is minimal. Considerable use by wildlife species was observed, however, itappeared to be mainly for resting and loafing.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. A monitoring program should be established to determine the inflow of siltation into thesalt marsh area from upstream entry point sources and the influence of sewer system andstorm water discharge.

2. The water should be tested to determine the presence of any leachate material from theformer landfill site or the leaf mulch operation.

3. More rip-rap material should be placed along the edges to minimize shoreline erosionand increased sedimentation. .

4. Installation of a permanent siltation barrier should be investigated for the leaf mulchoperation and for the present development project adjacent to the school. Further testingneeds to be conducted to determine whether this type of device would assist with minimizingpotential impacts to the salt marsh habitats.

5. The impact of the old barge remains within the salt marsh area requires further analysisto determine its contributive effect on the environment. Unless an educational value isassociated to the old barge, it should be removed and disposed of properly.

m. EDUCATIONAL VALUE AND POTENTIAL USES

The Hommocks Salt Marsh Complex provides a wealth of potential for educating residents andvisitors about the values of preserving and restoring natural areas. The proximity to the schooland easy accessibility for visitors enables this site to serve as a major outreach service to theresidents and area school children. Expansion of the informational materials provided aboutthe site could enhance people's understanding about the Town's natural resources and why thesecritical areas have been preserved.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. A new trail map should be developed for the Hommocks Conservation Area. Thisshould be designed to be part of a brochure that includes information about the Town'sConservation Areas and related programs and services.

2. A trail kiosk should be built that includes within its design a place to exhibit brochuresand additional literature about the site.

48

APPENDIXH

3. A self guided brochure could be developed in conjunction with making the trail systeminto a self-guided trail. To accentuate the interpretive value and interest level of visitors theself-guided trail and brochure should not exceed 10·12 stations.

4. If the recommendation for a new parking area is implemented, it would be a good timeto restructure the trail system as outlined above. These improvements could be packagedtogether to help communicate to residents the exciting plans that are being put into placeto restore and enhance the area for their enjoyment and use.

5. The CAC or CZMC should create an informative newsletter or brochure that talks aboutthe Town's Critical Environmental Areas to educate the residents and visitors about theseunique resources. It also may help residents to understand that these areas requiremanagement and maintenance and are not areas where people can dispose of their lawnclippings and other trash. It also could be a source to advertise for volunteer or communitysupport to carry out some of the management initiatives outlined in this report.

6. Efforts should be made to interest local science teachers in utilizing the Hommocks SaltMarsh Complex for teaching environmental science and as a living laboratory for applyingclassroom concepts. Students could get involved in water testing, siltation studies, plantingtrees, shrubs and wildflowers, and many other experiential learning exercises. Theboardwalk could be redesigned or modified to'include a sampling station area.

49

APPENDIX I

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE RESERVOIR-SHELDRAKE-LEATHERSTOCKINGCRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL AREA (RSL-CEA)I

by Stephen W. Coleman, Environmental Consultant, December 1992.

I. OVERVIEW

Field Observations of the Reservoir-Sheldrake-Leatherstocking Critical Environmental Area (RSLCEA) were conducted from February through November 1992. The RSL's main ecological habitatsand communities consists of the 60 acre Larchmont Reservoir, sections of the West Branch of theSheldrake River, the Bonnie Briar and Winged Foot Golf Courses (totaling over 421 acres) and theSheldrake-Leatherstocking Conservation Area (comprising 55 acres). The Sheldrake Watershed andits tribtltaries provide the connecting links for the majority of habitats found within the RSL-CEA.

The importance of the RSL-CEA cannot be understated. The area due to its configuration ofresidential properties, private golf courses, and Town and Village Conservation areas provides acritical mass of open spaces resources. It is this extensive mosaic network of open space andnatural resources which help contribute to the unique beauty and character of Mamaroneck andLarchmont. The values of the RSL-CEA are well documented within the LWRP and will not bementioned in detail here.

The long history of existing land use patterns within the RSL-CEA and development in surroundingcommunities have created an extensive "green" corridor. The configuration of these properties andexisting road systems have created a critical--though fragmented--"stable"--corridor for local wildlifepopulations. The RSL has an extensive sampling of most ecological communities typical of theWestchester region. Several stages of wooded communities are present, along with several wetlands,streams, ponds, meadows and fields.

II. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

A. OPEN SPACE RESOURCES

The value to the TOM of open space resources provided within the RSL-CEA representirreplaceable resources that could not be re-created. Based upon field observations and dataprovided as part of the recommendations submitted on the proposed development of theBonnie Briar Country Club, they support the establishment of a new zoning districtdesignated as Recreation Zone. The Bonnie Briar Country Club, The Winged Foot CountryClub and a portions of the Hampshire Country Club should be included within this zone.

B. WATER RESOURCES

A majority of the fresh water resources within the TOM are located in the RSL-CEA.These include several wetland communities consisting of reservoirs, streams, wooded

The complete, detailed Management Plan may be seen al the Town of Mamaroneck Conservation Department.Appendix I is an excerpl of thai plan.

so

APPENDIX I

swamps, wet meadows, and ephemeral ponds. The Sheldrake Watershed and its tributariesare the major water resource.

Natural surface water drainage patterns are still evident throughout the site, especially inthe two golf courses, even though the natural contours of the landscape have been modified.The history of flooding within the golf courses, primarily Bonnie Briar, reflect that priordrainage patterns are still functioning to some degree despite present land use patterns.

Natural buffers adjacent to the Sheldrake River and its tributaries are basically non-existent,which further contributes to the intensity of siltation and erosion of the stream and itsbanks. The proper placement of vegetative buffer strips would help alleviate some of theproblems from increased surface water runoff.

RECOMMENDAnONS

The following recommendations would provide greater protection and enhancement ofexisting water resources. It is important that any protective or improvement strategyadopted, bear in mind, that for enhancement measures to be successful, will require a longterm program. Several years are often needed to rehabilitate or improve the functioningof water resources.

1. Any development projects under consideration should require as part of the subdivision plan the cumulative effects of upstream development on the proposed newproject and its impact on present water resources at the site and those downstream.

2. The Town of Mamaroneck should adopt a "no net loss" policy regarding its waterresources especially wetlands or wetland habitats. All mitigation measures shouldbe considered to avoid impacts to existing wetland resources with the exception ofthe common mitigation technique of replacing existing wetlands with the creation ofnew wetlands in other areas of a development project. Creating wetlands is not anexact science and in a majority of the cases, the results have not come even close toduplicating the natural features and functioning of an existing wetland system. Allattempts be made to restore and enhance rather than replace a wetland.

3. Vegetative buffers should be established for all water resources within the RSLCEA. They are as follows:

a. Ephemeral Ponds- Temporary, seasonal flooded areas which should havea minimum buffer of 50 feet. This is necessary to provide sufficientterrestrial habitat for those animals directly associated with this type ofcommunity. Ephemeral ponds or vernal ponds, are located at the LarchmontReservoir, within the Sheldrake-Leatherstocking Conservation Area nearKnollwood Drive, the Bonnie Briar and Winged Foot Country Clubs.

b. Wooded Swamps- A buffer should be established of a minimum of 100

51

APPENDIX I

feet with a goal to extend them to 300 - 400 feet. These wetlands are locatedthroughout the area. During field investigation, another woodecl swamp wasidentified on the northeastern section of Bonnie Briar. This area probablyrepresents remnants of wetlands that were once adjacent to the Sheldrakethat is now piped underground and channeled.

c. Sheldrake River and its Tributaries··within Bonnie Briar where the lowerSheldrake traverses the property, the natural ability of this system to slowdown the rate of runoff is severely limited. A vegetative buffer stripextending out a minimum of 20 feet with a mixture of meadow grasses thatare allowed to grow taller and maintained at different heights and cut indifferent directions, would help trap sediments and filter some of the surfacewater runoff. If these buffers are properly designed it should have minimalimpact on the fairways.

4. The placement of rip-rap along the bank of the Sheldrake combined with plantingof meadow grasses would be another approach to trap and hold sediments longerbefore entering the river.

5. A long-term strategy would be to recommend the installation of circulationpumps/filtration devices to minimize the build-up of nutrients combined withperiodic draining of the ponds themselves.

6. Sediment traps properly placed along the Sheldrake would help minimize someof the downstream pollution that occurs during major storms. In addition, waterdetention systems could be installed to !lold back some of the storm water discharge.

7. Managing the harmful impacts from pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers is amajor concern that is not restricted only to the RSL-CEA. Because the RSL-CEAhas a high percentage of steep slopes, .;LI1d the bedrock is close to the surfacethroughout the Sheldrake Watershed, the impact from chemicals is of majorsignificance on surface and ground water resources.

a. The Town :;hould require that an integrated pest management plan bedeveloped for each of the golf courses to encourage or mandate adoption ofan "organic" approach to golf course management. The plan should includea surface and ground water monitoring program.

b. The Town should have the annual ground water recharge rate tested tohelp predict what the current overall impact of nitrate compounds are withinthe groundwater supplies.

c. The use of synthetic fungicides which are often used to kill most weedsand insects should be discouraged.

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d. An overall monitoring program that reviews annual phosphorous andnitrogen loads would enable a more accurate prediction of what theSheldrake Watershed's natural retention capabilities are.

e. The golf courses should be encouraged to consider the use of nativegrasses and a cutting rotation that allows grasses to grow longer. This willenable grasses to develop a stronger root system which in turn makes theplants stronger and less susceptible to disease; hence, less need for fungicidesand herbicides.

C. WILDLIFE RESOURCES

"Due to the long history of existing land use practices, wildlife populations are wellrepresented with a good diversity of species present. The area is primarily second growthforests with various successional stages. The composition of plant communities and speciesis average with a good diversity of trees, shrubs and wildflowers typical of most Westchesternaturalized environments.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The Town should adopt a "no net loss approach" to habitat management. Thiswould imply that if any habitats are altered due to development or land use changes,that the areas altered should be replaced, with the exception of wetlands aspreviously noted.

2. All efforts should be made to minimize habitat fragmentation and if possible,expanding the size of these corridors would be preferred, especiany in areas wherethere are gaps in the'corridors.

3. A more thorough study should be conducted that looks at the relationshipbetween wildlife populations, habitat suitability and productivity, to document thepotential impacts on species composition and survivability from land use changes.

4. Periodic follow-up surveys should be conducted to document changes over timeof species distribution throughout the RSL-CEA..

5. Applied management (for example, mechanical removal of Japanese Knotweedand Black Locust) should be implemented in dealing with the encroachment ofexotic plant or animal species within the RSI>CEA.

D. SHELDRAKE--LEAIHERSTOCKING CONSERVATION AREA

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The entrance signs at all points should be improved. Painting of the signs to make them

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more visible would help people notice the area and increase usage.

2. The current WalkBooks shouldbe'l'evised and simplified. The interpretive trail markersare in a state of disrepair and should either be removed or replaced to avoid confusion tovisitors.

3. A ne\V trail iIjformation kiosk should be erected at the major entrances to the trailsystem. Materials that could be displayed would include a registration book, trail maps,walk books, information oli other Town programs, a blown-up laminated map of the entiretrail system and rules and regulations, This would require regular maintenance but wouldhelp create a more active utilized look to the area.

4. Actu;U trail improvements appear to be under: control by summer work crews and shouldcontinue.

5. More extensive improvements could be made to the trail system but would requireadditional resources and would require a more careful analysis than possible within thisreport.

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SECTION IX: Contents A.

Documents

Transcript of SECTION IX: Contents A.