SECTION Ill - Springer978-1-349-08103-5/1.pdf · Uses Intelsat. Earth Station Facilities System...

SECTION Ill

Albania

AFGHANISTAN

Government Departments

Ministry of Communications Kabul Telephone: 21444 Telex: 297 MOC AF

Ministry of Communications Technical Presidency of Radio and TV Kabul Telephone: 20572 Telex: 297 MOC AF

Broadcasting

People's Radio and TV PO Box 544, Kabul Telephone: 25241

Membership of International Organizations

Organization ITU Intelsat lntersputnik

Date of Membership 192R 1973 19Rl

%Share 0.0318066 0.05

$13,000 + an additional contribution based on utilization of space segment

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Intersputnik.

Earth Station Facilities

There are plans to install an Intersputnik earth station near Kabul, which would consist of a Lotus 30m diameter antenna. Plans for an Intelsat Standard A installation to operate in the Indian Ocean region, agreed in 1979, have been abandoned.

ALBANIA


Direction-General of Posts and Telecommunications 42 rue Myslym Shryi, Tirane Telephone: 7944 Telex: 2174 GENTEL AB

Direction-General of Radio and Television 16 rue Lek Dukagjini, Tirane Telephone: 7745

Broadcasting

Radiotelevisione Shqiptar Rruga Ismail Qemali, Tirane Telephone: 3239


Organization ITU

Space Segment

None.

Date of Membership 1922

%Share 0.0636132

147

Algeria

ALGERIA


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 4 Boulevard Salah Bouakouir, Algiers Telephone: 611220 Telex: 52020 GENTEL ALGER; 52022 SECGEN ALGER

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Television Algerienne 21 Boulevard des Martyrs, Algiers Telephone: 602350 Telex: 52042 RT A ALGER


Organization ITU Intelsat Arabsat Inmarsat

Date of Membership 1963 1973 1976 1979

%Share 0.2544529 0.362102 0.9 0.05

Space Segment

There are no national facilities. Algeria uses Intelsat, Intersputnik, Inmarsat and Arabsat. Thin-route telephony and receive-only TV services are provided via 1 V2 transponders leased from Intelsat on a pre-eruptible basis. A domestic satellite system with 19 permanent and one transportable earth station is planned.


System Intelsat Intelsat

Location Lakhdaria-1 Lakhdaria-3

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational IP 25 June 1975 AP 13 January 1977

Domsat: 15 earth stations, 11m antenna, provide access for the domestic satellite system, via Intelsat. Arabsat: one main earth station with an 11-12m diameter antenna. Inmarsat: one coastal earth station with an 11-13m diameter antenna. Eutelsat/Eurovision: A transmit/receive earth station, 10-15m diameter antenna, may be built.

ANGOLA

Government Department

Ministerio dos Transportes e Comunica~oes Avenida 4 de Fevereiro No. 42-9°, Luanda Telephone: (2) 372668 Telex: 3108 MIN TEC AN

Telecommunications

Empresa Publica de Telecomunica~6es (Eptel) Caixa Postal 625, Luanda Telephone: (2) 331032 Telex: 3012 EPTEL AN

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunica~oes Caixa Postall321, Luanda Telephone: (2) 331032 Telex: 3030 DSCTT AN

148

Broadcasting

Televisao Popular de Angola Caixa Postal 2604, Luanda Telephone: 20531 Telex: 3238 TPA AN

Radio Nacional de Angola Caixa Postal 1329, Luanda Telephone: 39194 Telex: 3121 EMISSARA AN


Organization ITU Intelsat

Date of Membership 1976 1977

%Share 0.0636132 0.124739

Space Segment

Angola uses both Intelsat and Intersputnik. A special committee has been set up to carry out a study of a satellite telecommunications system covering the whole country. This domestic system would provide general communications (telephone, telex, telegraphy), data, radio and television programmes. A pre-feasibility study began in June 1985 and the start of the implementation stage is scheduled for the end of 1987. Meanwhile, a 'future use' inquiry has been received by Intelsat for a pre-emptible transponder lease operating in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, from 1988-1992.


Existing


Planned

Location Cacvaco-1 Cacvaco-2

Antenna type A B

Argentina

Date Coverage operational AP 22 July 1974 A1 13 June 1982

Angola is considering joining the Intersputnik system (it is already a user), and if membership is agreed will install an earth station.

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA


Ministry of Public Works and Communications StJohn's Street, StJohn's Telephone: (809) 462 0890 Telex: AK 122 Fax: (809) 462 3249

Broadcasting

Antigua Broadcasting Service PO Box 1280, StJohn's Telephone: (46) 20012 Telex: 2090 TELCO AK



Date of Membership No No

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location StJohn's

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational A2 12 December 1984

ARGENTINA


Secretaria de Comunicaciones Direccion General de Asuntos Internacionales 4° Pi so, Corrientes 132, Oficina 71, 1000 Buenos Aires Telephone: 33 94 51 Telex: 21706

Secretaria de Comunicaciones Sarmiento 189, 1041 Buenos Aires Telephone: (1) 392 0367

The Secretary of State for Communications controls telecommunications via two monopolies (see below, Encotel and Entel), and regulates public and private broadcasting.

Telecommunications

Empresa Nacional de Correos y Telegrafos (Encotel) Sarmiento 151, Oficina 309, 1000 Buenos Aires Telephone: (1) 3113748 Telex: 22045 Fax: (1) 312 5060

Encotel operates all telegraphy services.

149

Ascension Island

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) Rivadavia 622, 2° Piso, 1002 Buenos Aires Telephone: 49 97 87 Telex: 18511 ENTSI AR Fax: (1) 311 4385

Entel is the national telecommunications organization responsible for the operation and development of the telecommunications networks.

Broadcasting

Direccion Nacional del Servicio Oficial de Radiodifusion Ayacucho 1156, 1112 Buenos Aires Telephone: (1) 821 1120 Telex: 21250 RADIODIF AR

Argentina Televisora Color S.A. Figueroa Acorta 2977, 1425 Buenos Aires

Space

Comision Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales Dorrego 4010, 1425 Buenos Aires Telephone: 772 5474 or 771 5258 Telex: 17511 LANBA AR


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat Cite!

Date of Membership 1889 1973 1979

% Share 0.7633587 1.152640 0.14750

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Inmarsat. Domestic and national services are provided via Intelsat transponder leases. However, the government plans to replace the country's current Intelsat transponder leasing with a domestic system called Argentsat (or Nahuel). In April 1985, it filed with the ITU for two positions in the geosynchronous orbit, at 80°W and 85°~, both of which were granted. The system will provide inter-urban and rural telephony services, national and regional TV distribution and data transmission. Current plans envisage a high-power (320-360 watts) system. It IS not expected to be in service before 1990.


Existing

System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat

Location Balcarce-1 Balcarce-2 Bosque

Alegre (Cordoba)

Antenna type A A

A

Date Coverage operational AP 15 September 1969 A2 17 March 1972

AI 16 September 1982

The Inmarsat coastal earth station has an Atlantic Ocean region antenna.

11-13m diameter

Planned 38 earth stations are currently being installed to use the 1 Y2 transponders leased from Intelsat. Twenty-one additional earth stations will be built to complete the national system.

ASCENSION ISLAND


The Council Jamestown, St Helena

Telecommunications

Cable & Wireless pic Jamestown, St Helena Telephone: 247 6222

Broadcasting

Radio Ascension c/o BBC Atlantic Relay Station, English Bay, St Helena

150


Acsension Island is not a member of the ITU nor Intelsat

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



Location Ascension-2 English Bay

Antenna type Coverage B A-2 B A-2

Date operational 9 February 1981 9 November 1984

Australia

AUSTRALIA


Department of Transport and Communications PO Box 34, Belconnen, ACT 2616 Telephone: (62) 641177 Telex: 62025 SECCOM AA Fax: (62) 644 000

Telecommunications

Overseas Telecommunications Commission PO Box 7000, Sydney, NSW 2001 Telephone: (2) 230 5000 Telex: 20591 OTCOM AA Fax: (2) 230 5617

Australian Telecommunications Commission Communications House, 199 William Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001 Telephone: (3) 606 5511 Telex: 30146 TELECOM AA

Broadcasting

Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Box 487, Sydney, NSW 200 I Telephone: (2) 339 0211 Telex: 26889

Australian Broadcasting Tribunal 153 Walker Street, N. Sydney, NSW 2060 Telephone: 922 2900 Telex: ABTEE 26683

Satellite Operators

Aussat Pty Ltd MLC Centre, 19 Martin Place, Sydney 2000 Telephone: 238 7800 Telex: 26921 AUSSAT AA


Organization ITU lntelsat Inmarsat

Space Segment

Date of Membership 1978 1973 1979

%Share 4.5801526 3.159546 1.31243

Australia uses both Intelsat and Inmarsat. Aussat is the

national system. About 80% of the Australian population lives in the narrow eastern and south-eastern coastal parts of Australia. But about 300,000 Australians live in rural regions outside the coverage area of the national broadcasting stations and conventional telecommunications distribution points and a further 1 million have been unable to receive satisfactory signals from the ABC's radio and television services. All of this has changed with the introduction of the Aussat system in 1985-86.

Domestic System

A domestic lease on Intelsat has been used to distribute ABC programmes as well as telephony, etc. However, a domestic system is now operational.

The Aussat system is owned and operated by Aussat Proprietary Ltd, which was established on 6 November 1981 as a wholly-owned government body and is now owned 75% by the Australian government and 25% by Telecom Australia.

The Aussat system was built by Hughes. It consists of two satellites, Aussat I and 2. An in-orbit spare completes the system.

The Aussat system provides the following services: • Homestead and Community Broadcasting Satellite Service

(HCBSS) is the prime purpose. Four 30-watt transponders on each satellite operate in four contiguous spot beams covering all Australia. The HACBSS will broadcast ABC radio and television programmes direct to all those people beyond the reach of the terrestrial networks (300,000) or located in places of difficult or partial reception (1,000,000). The HACBSS was set up by the Australian government and is run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The HACBSS will be transmitted from the state capital of each region- Sydney (Southeast); Darwin (Central); Brisbane (Northeast); Perth (Western).

• Remote Commercial Television Service (RCTS) is a commercial version of HCBSS. Four new licences have been granted to commercial companies (one in each region).

• long-distance telephony; • telecommunications and broadcasting services for Papua

New Guinea; • business communications services like teleconferencing

and high speed digital transmission; • programme feeds for the Australian Broadcasting Cor-

poration (five 12-watt transponders); . • programme feeds (encrypted) for the commercial tele

vision networks (seven 12-watt transponders); • distance education by the Special Broadcasting Service

(SBS) (two transponders); • aeronautical, marine and land-based transport com

munications for the Department of Transport. Although Aussat was conceived as a national satellite it has

always had a regional orientation. A Memorandum of Understanding was agreed with Papua New Guinea in 1982, whereby PNG could access the system directly and lease

151

Austria

capacity. The Aussat board also agreed in 1985 to modify Aussat 3 so that it could provide better coverage of the south west Pacific, including New Zealand.

Aussat

Aussat 1 Aussat 2 Aussat 3 Launch July 1985 November 1985 August 1987 Launcher STS STS Ariane Weight 650 kg 650 kg 650 kg Design life 7 7 7 Orbital 156° E 164° E 160° E

position Channels 15 15 15 Power 11 transponders 11 transponders 11 transponders

at 12 Watts at 12 Watts at 12 Watts 4 transponders 4 transponders 4 transponders

at 30 Watts at 30 Watts at 30 Watts

A basic objective of the HACBSS is to allow reception in most of the coverage areas via small and relatively inexpensive earth stations owned by individual households. The typical dish will be 1.2-l.Sm in diameter. In addition,

communities may form cooperatives to purchase and install TYRO earth station antenna with diameters of 2.4-3m. The signals will then be distributed to individual homes by coaxial cable or via low-power TV transmitters.


Existing Antenna Date

System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Intelsat lntelsat Intelsat Intelsat

Planned

System Intelsat

Carnavon-2 A Ceduna-1 Ceduna-2 Moree-1 Moree-2

Location Sydney-2

A A A A

PS I1 IP PS pp

Antenna type A

1 October 1969 15 December 1969 22 September 1980 23 May 1968 26 July 1982

Date Coverage operational PP December 1987

AUSTRIA


Bundesministerium Fur Verkehr (Ministry of Transport) Elizabethstrasse 9, A-1010 Vienna Telephone: (222) 547 564 10; 515 510 Telex: 111800

Generaldirektion ftir die Post und Telegraphenverwaltung Postgasse 8, A-1011 Vienna Telephone: (222) 52 6611; 512 9462 Telex: 112300 GENT A Fax: (222) 512 8414

Telecommunications

Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt Postfach 111, A-1103 Vienna Telephone: (222) 78 1511 Telex: 131722 FZAWN A

Broadcasting

Osterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF) Wiirzburggasse 30, A-1136 Vienna Telephone: 8291 Telex: 132397, 132096 ORF DR A

Radio Austria AG Renngasse 14, A 1010-Vienna Telephone: (222) 636 6510 -teleX: 74732 RADAUS A; 74331 RADAUS A Fax: (222) 63 1100

152

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Organization ITU

Date of Membership 1866

%Share 0.2544529 0.3 Intelsat 1972


Existing


Planned

System intelsat

Location Aflenz-1 Aflenz-3

Location Aflenz-4

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational AP 10 December 1979 IP 12 October 1985

Antenna type

Date Coverage operational Al July 1990 A

Bahrain

BAHAMAS


Ministry of Works and Utilities PO Box 8156, Nassau Telephone: (32) 2 4830 Telex: 20135 BATEL CO

Telecommunications

Bahamas Telecommunications Corporation (Batelco) PO Box N3048, Nassau Telephone: 34911 Telex: 20135 BA TEL CO

Broadcasting

Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas PO Box N1347, Nassau Telephone: (32) 2 4623 Telex: 20253 ZNS

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Organization Date of Membership

ITU Intelsat Cite!

1974 1985


System Intelsat

Location NA

Antenna type A

Coverage A2

%Share

0.1272264 0.05

Date operational June 1986

BAHRAIN


Ministry of Transportation Telecommunications Office PO Box 11170, Manama Telephone: 25 70 10 Telex: 8989 MINCOM BU

Ministry of Information PO Box 253, Manama Telephone: 243311 Telex: 8399 INFORM BN

Telecommunications

Bahrain Telecommunications Company (BATELCO) PO Box 14, Manama Telephone: 270270 Telex: 8205 BTCTCC BN

Broadcasting

Bahrain Television c/o Ministry of Information, see above

Bahrain Radio c/o Ministry of Information, see above


Organization Date of Joining %Share ITU 1975 0.1272264 Intelsat No Inmarsat 1986 0.05 (provisional) Arabsat 1976 0.04

153

Bangladesh

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Arabsat.


Existing

System Intelsat Intelsat Arabsat

Location Ras Abn Jarjur-1 Ras Abn Jarjur-2 Ras Abn Jarjur

Amenna Date type Coverage operational A A2 14July1969 A 1P 9 February 1980 11-12m Arabsat1986

Planned One land-based mobile earth station is being built for maritime communications via Inmarsat.

BANGLADESH


Ministry of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka 2

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka 2

Telecommunications

Telegraph and Telephone Board of Bangladesh Central Office, Telejogajog Bhaban 36/1 Mymensing Road, Dhakar 27 Telephone: (2) 316 444 Telex: 642020 BTTB BJ

Broadcasting

Bangladesh Television Rampura, Dhaka Telephone: (2) 403 150; (2) 503 342

154



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.

Date of Joining 1973 1976

o/c Share 0.0318066 0.104614


Existing


Planned

Location Betbunia Talibabad

Antenna type A B

Date Coverage operational IP 24 April1975 IP 30 December 1981

Bangladesh may participate in Insat in the late 1980s and, if it does, it will build a second earth station at Betbunia, with a 28-channel capacity.

Belgium

BARBADOS


Ministry of Transport, Works and Telecommunications The Pine, St. Michael Telephone: (809) 75 628

Ministry of Information and Culture Culloden Farm, Culloden Road, St. Michael Telephone: (809) 75628

Telecommunications

Barbados External Telecommunications Ltd PO Box 32, Bridgetown Telephone: (809) 42 75 200 Telex: 2262

Cable and Wireless (West Indies) Ltd PO Box 614, Bridgetown Telephone: (809) 75200 Telex: 2262 ADMINBAR WB

Broadcasting

Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 900, Bridgetown Telephone: (809) 92040 Telex: WB284


Organization ITU Intelsat Cite!

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


o/c Share ().0636132 0.05


Existing

System Intelsat

Location Barbados

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational A1 3 October 1972

BELGIUM


Algemene Dienft der Posterigen (Ministry of Transport) Leuvensesteenweg 479-493, B-1030 Brussels Telephone: (2) 735 64 68

Cabinet du Ministre-President de Ia Communaute Fran~;aise de Belgique 19AD Avenue des Arts, B-1040 Brussels Telephone: (2) 217 17 09

Kabinet van de Gemeenschap- Minister van Kultur Jozef II Straat 30, B-1040 Brussels Telephone: (2) 219 02 37

Telecommunications

Regie des Telegraphes et des Telephones de Belgique (RTT) 42 rue des Palais, B-1030 Brussels Telephone: (2) 213 41 11 Telex: 29154 Fax: (2) 218 2839

Broadcasting

Belgische Radio en Televisie (BRT) Omroepcentrum, A Reyerslaan 52, B-1040 Brussels Telephone: 737 3111 Telex: 22486

155

Belize

Radiodiffusion Television Beige de Ia Communaute Culturelle Fran"aise (RTBF) Boulevard Auguste Reyers 52, B-1040 Brussels Telephone: 737 2111 Telex: 21010 RTBF JTV BRU

Belgisches Rundfunk und Fernsehzentrum ftir Deutschsprachige Sendungen Boulevard August Reyers 54, B-1040 Brussels Telephone: 737 3449 Telex: 49427 BRFEU B


Organization Date of Joining ITU 1866 Intelsat 1972 Eutelsat 1983 Inmarsat 1979

Space

Centre d'lnformation Spatiale (CIS)

%Share 1.0546 0.745004 4.90524 0.33177

Route de Ia Croix-Maga 54, B-4860 Pepinster Telephone: (87) 461139 Telex: 62149 A VIANEWS

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Entelsat & Inmarsat.


Existing

System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Inmarsat

Location Brussels Lessire-1 Lessire-2

Antenna type EO-I A A

Coverage AS AP A2

Date operational 1 March 1986 (p) 3 August 1972 24 October 1983

BELIZE


Ministry of Defence and Home Affairs Belmopan

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Independence Hill, Belmopan Telex: 102

Telecommunications

Belize Telecommunications Authority PO Box 603, Belize City Telex: 246 BT A

Cable and Wireless PO Box 414, Belize City Telephone: (02) 45123 Telex: 222 CWADMIN

Broadcasting

Radio Belize PO Box 89, Belize City Telephone: (02) 72468

156


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.

Date of Joining 1981

%Share 0.0318066



Location Belmopan Minitas

Antenna type B N

Date Coverage operational

A2 29 July 1979 A2 October 1986 (p)


Ministere des Transportation et des Communications Cotonou

Office des Postes et Telecommunications Cotonou Telephone: 31 20 45 Telex: 5206

Broadcasting

Office de Radiodiffusion et Television du Benin BP 366, Cotonou Telephone: 312041 Telex: ORTB 5132

Bermuda

BENIN



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



System Intelsat

Antenna Location type Abomey-Calavi A

%Share 0.0636132 0.050000


AP 13 June 1984

BERMUDA


Ministry of Transport Hamilton

Telecommunications

Department of Telecommunications ·Court Street and Front Street, Hamilton Telephone: (29) 5 5151 Telex: 3633 RADIO BA

The Bermuda Telephone Co. Ltd. PO Box 1021, Cedar Avenue, Hamilton 5 Telephone: (29) 5 1001 Telex: 3201

Cable & Wireless pic Church Street West, Hamilton 5 Telephone: (29) 5 4777 Telex: 3222

Broadcasting

ZBM-ZFB Radio and Television Box 452, Hamilton 5 Telephone: (29) 5 2828 Telex: 3702 ZBM-BA


Via UK.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat Intelsat lntelsat

Location NN (IBS) Devonshire- I Devenshire-2

Antenna Date type Coverage operational B AS June 1986 B Al 21 November 1978 A A2 24 Aprill984

157

Bhutan

BHUTAN


Ministry of Communications and Tourism Department of Posts and Telegraphs, Royal Government of Bhutan, Tashichho Dzong, Thimpu Telephone: 2296

Broadcasting

Radio Nyab (The Broadcasting Division of the Ministry of Communications & Tourism) PO Box 1, Thimphu

Satellite Facilities

Bhutan has no existing satellite communications facilities and has no plans to install any.

BOLIVIA


Direccion General de Telecomunicaciones Cajon Postal4475, La Paz Telephone: (2) 26 87 88 Telex: 2595 GENTEL BV

Telecommunications

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) Edificio Entel, Ayacucho S/N, Casilla Postal4450, La Paz Telephone: (2) 36 74 74 Telex: 2303 ENT GET BV, 2321 ENTGETBV

Broadcasting

Empresa Nacional de Television Boliviana Casilla 900, La Paz Telephone: (2) 32 32 92 Telex: 2312 TV BOL

158



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0636132 0.123670


System Intelsat

Location Tiwanacu

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 19 December 1978

Brazil

BOTSWANA


Ministry of Works and Communications Private Bag 007, Gaborone Telephone: (31) 55303 Telex: 2414 PULA BD

Telecommunications

Botswana Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 700, Gaborone Telephone: (31) 53611 Telex: 2252 TELHQ BD

Broadcasting

Radio Botswana Private Bag 0600, Gaborone Telephone: (31) 52541 Telex: 2409 BD


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.1272264


System Intelsat

Location K'gale

Antenna type

B


A1 23 January 1980

BRAZIL


Ministerio das Comunica~oes Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bloco R, 6° andar, 70-044 Brasilia Telephone: (61) 223 4992 Telex: 611994 MNCO BR; 611456 MNCO BR

Departamento Nacional de Telecomunica~oes (Dentel) Ministerio das Comunica<;6es Telephone: Esplanada dos Ministerio, 7000 Brasilia DF

Telecommunications

Empn:sa Brasiliera de Telecomunica~oes (Embratel) Avenida Presidente Vargas 1012, 150 Andar, 20 071 Rio de Janeiro Telephone: (21) 2832149 Telex: 2168182,2121810 EBTL BR

Embratel is the state owned company set up in 1965 that operates and develops Brazil's telecommunications and television networks. It reports to the Ministerio das Comunica-

<;6es, which is the holding company for both Em bra tel and the state telephone companies. It was authorized in 1982 to contract, install and operate Brasilsat. The Departamento de Comunicacoes Domesticas via Sate lite (SAT) coordinates the operation of all the earth stations.

Broadcasting

Associacao Brasileria de Emissoras de Radio e Televisao (ABERT) Rue Barao do Flamengo 32, 4° andar, 20000 Rio de Janeiro

TVGiobo rua Lopes Quintas 303 20000 Rio de Janeiro Telephone: (21) 294 7732 Telex: 2122795 TVGB BR

Space

Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) CP 15, 12200 Sao Jose dos Campos INPE is the Brazilian space research centre.

159

Brazil


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat CITEL

Space Segment

Date of Joining 1877 1973 1979

%Share 0.7633587 3.041419 0.84965

Brazil uses Intelsat and Inmarsat. Brazil's experience with domestic satellite communications started in 1974 with the lease of an Intelsat transponder, thus allowing telecommunications to be provided through most of the country's 8.5 million square kilometres. A few years later it began to plan its own domestic system. The Brazilsat (Brazilian Satellite Communications System) contract was signed on 1 July 1982. Embratel contracted Spar Aerospace for the supply of two Hughes Aircraft satellites and the associated earth equipment (including TIC&M stations). The spacecraft were launched in February and December 1985 on Ariane III rockets.

Brazilsat-A1 took over seven transponders of video and telephony traffic from Intelsat transponder leases (Intelsat IV A at 21.5" W) as well as transmissions of the Dede Globo and Bandierantes TV networks. Brazilsat-A2 is an in-orbit spare. Brazil may lease excess capacity to neighbouring countries.

The Brazilsat System

SBTSAJ Manufacturer Orbital Position Launch Date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels Bands

160

Hughes 376 65°W February 1986 Ariane 8-10 24 4/6 GHz

EIRP TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV Region Status Primary use Lease services

SBTSA2 Manufacturer Orbital Position Launch Date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels Bands EIRP TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV Region Status Primary use Lease services


34dBW 9.6 South America 2 main Telephony/TV I H Rede Globo TV 5H Bandeirantes TV ISH Embratel:

occasional video feeds 18V Embratel:

occasional video feeds 24V Embratel:

occasional video feeds

Hughes 376 70°W March 1986 Ariane 8-10 24 4/6 GHz 34dBW 9.6 South America 2 spare

Antenna Date operational July 1986

System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Inmarsat

Location type Morungaba A Natal B Tangua-1 A Tangua-2 A

CES

Coverage A2 AP AP AI

11 October 1978 22 February 1969 4 Aprill975 1980

Forty earth stations have been built, mainly in the Amazon regions, for domestic telephony.

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM


Department of Communications Telecommunications Department, Bandar Seri Begawan Telephone: (2) 26171; (2) 42 324 Telex: 2277

Space Segment

Uses Intersat.


Broadcasting

Bandar Seri Begawan Negara Brunei Telephone: (2) 23111


Organization ITU A SEAN


%Share 0.12637


BULGARIA

Location Telisai-1 Telisai-2

Antenna type

B A

Coverage pp 1P

Date operational

Bulgaria

3 September 1979 15 May 1983

Government Department Membership of International Organizations

National Association of Posts and Telecommunications Sofia Telephone: 871420 Telex: 22846 GENTEL BG

Broadcasting

Radiodifusion Bulgare 4 Bul. Gr. Tzankov, Sofia Telephone: 871044 Telex: 22557 RADIO BG

Television Bulgare 2 T. Strachimirov, Sofia Telephone: 4421 05 Telex: 22581 BT SOF BG

Organization ITU Inmarsat Intersputnik

Space Segment


Uses Intersputnik & Inmarsat.

%Share 0.2544529 0.10886

$13,000 plus additional contribution based on utilization of space segment

161

Burkina Faso

BURKINA FASO


Ministere des Transports et des Communications Ouagadougou Telephone: 33 2756 Telex: 5380

Telecommunications

Direction General de I' Office des Postes et Telecommunications (ONATEL) Ouagadougou Telephone: 33 6476 Telex: 5200 UV

Broadcasting

Radiofusion-Television Burkina BP 7029, Ouagadougou Telephone: 33 6801


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0318066 0.05 Intelsat 1977

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Antenna Date Coverage operational System

Intelsat Intelsat

Location tvpe Somgarde-1 B Somgarde-2 A

A I 1 December 1977 AP December 1986

BURMA


Ministry of Transport and Communications Department of Posts and Telecommunications, 125 Pansodam Street, Rangoon Telephone: 77 660 Telex: BM21200

Telecommunications

Posts and Telecommunications Corporation 43 Boaunggyaw Street, Rangoon Telephone: 81566 Telex: BM 2001

Broadcasting

Burma Broadcasting Service Prome Road, Rangoon Telephone: 30998

162


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.1272264


System Intelsat

Location Rangoon

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational 1P 1 February 1979

Cameroon

BURUNDI


Ministere des Transports, des Postes et Telecommunications BP 2000, Bujumbura Telephone: 22 2923 Telex: 52

Telecommunications

Direction Generale des Transports, des Postes et Telecommunications BP 2390, Bujumbura Telephone: 22 5422

Office National des Telecommunications de Burundi (Onate)) BP 60, Bujumbura Telephone: 22 3196 Telex: 5081; 5082

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion du Burundi BP 1900, Bujumbura Telephone: 22 3585 Telex: 41


Organization ITU


Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



Antenna Location type Bujumbura-! B Bujumbura-2 A

Coverage lP AP

o/c Share 0.0318066

Date operational

10 November 1980 1989

CAMEROON


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Yaounde Telephone: 22 00 05 Telex: MINPOSTEL 8285 KN; MINPOSTEL 8284 KN

Telecommunications

Organization of International Telecommunications BP 1517, Yaounde Telephone: 23 40 65 Telex: INTELCAM 8320 KN

Direction des Telecommunications Yaounde Telephone: 22 35 50 Telex: MINPOSTEL 8285KN

Broadcasting

National Television BP 1900, Bujumbura Telephone: 23742 Telex: BDI 5119



Space Segment


%Share 0.1272264 0.242399

Uses Intelsat. No national system at present. However, there are plans by Comsat General on behalf of the ministry to lease some Intelsat transponder capacity to interlink with Standard Z stations.



Location Douala Zamengoe

Antenna type

A A

Date C01·erage operational

AP December 1987 AP 13 September 1973

163

Canada

CANADA


Department of Communications Journal North Building, 300 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIAOCS Telephone: (613) 922 0220 Telex: 053 3342 COMTEL OTT Fax: (613) 592 1231

Telecommunications

CRTC IOO Metcalfe Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIA ONZ Telephone: (613) 997 0313 Telex: 0534253

Telecom Canada 410 Laurier Avenue West, Room 1140, Box 2I40, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, KIP 6H5 Telephone: (613) 560 3340 Telex: 053 4934 TCTS ADMIN OTT

Teleglobe Canada 6SO Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2S4 Telephone: (5I4) 2S9 7272 Telex: 9IOO TGLOBE CA Fax: (5I4) 2S9 70S3

CNCP Telecommunications 3300 Bloor Street West, Suite I200, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario MSX 2W9 Telephone: (4I6) 232 6229 Telex: 06969695 CNCPFA TOR

Broadcasting

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1500 Bronson Avenue, PO Box S47S, Ottawa, Ontario KIG 315 Telephone: (613) 7241200 Telex: 062I7796

CTV 42 Charles Street East, Toronto, Ontario M4Y IT A Telephone: (4I6) 92S 6000 Telex: 02267S


Organization ITU lntelsat Inmarsat

I64

Date of Joining I 90S I973 1979

%Share 4.5SOI526 2.3IS574 4.37929

Space

Telesat Canada 333 River Road, Ottawa, Ontario KIL SB9 Telephone: (613) 746 5920 Telex: 05341S4

Spar Aerospace Ltd 6303 Airport Road, Suite 403 Mississauga, Ontario L4V IRS Telephone: (4I6) 67S 9750 Telex: 06968923

Spar Aerospace Ltd Satellite and Aerospace Systems Division, 31025 TransCanada Highway, St Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X IRS Telephone: (5I4) 475 2150 Telex: 05822792

David Florida Laboratory Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, PO Box 11490 Station H, Ottawa, Ontario K2HSS2

ComdevLtd I55 Sheldon Drive, Cambridge, Ontario Telephone: (519) 6222300 Telex: 610 366 3164

Space Segment

With a population of 25 million spread across such vast territories, Canada has long recognized the potential benefits of space technology. Four early research satellites were launched in 1962, I965, I969 and I971: the Alouette and ISIS satellites. Canada has continued to pioneer satellite services.

In I972, Canada became the first country to operate a domestic telecommunications system with a satellite in geostationary orbit. The satellite was named Anik, the Eskimo word for brother. Additional services and channel capacity were provided with the launches of Anik-A2 (I973), and Anik-A3 (I975).

Later, Canada and the US combined their expertise to design and develop the Communications Technology Satellite, Hermes. At the time of its launch in I976, Hermes was the world's most powerful satellite and the first to operate in the 14/I2 GHz frequency bands. The use of these bands allowed the use of smaller (2-3 metre diameter) and less expensive ground stations.

The research begun with Hermes continued with Anik-B, launched in 197S. This hybrid satellite both in the 6/4 GHz frequency bands, like Anik-A, and the 14/I2 GHz bands, like Hermes. The Department of Communications (DOC) sponsored a number of pilot projects with the Hermes and Anik-B satellites including: • Communications services at 6/4 GHz: TV, radio, two-way voice (FM/FDMA, FM/SCPC and PM/TDMA), teleconferencing, facsimile and data.

• Experimental communications services at 14112 GHz: One and two-way video, one and two-way audio, video and audio broadcasts, data, facsimile, medical (ECGs, EEGs x-ray) transmissions and other data.

To provide a fully commercial service, Canada then built its own satellite, the Anik-D series. Anik-01, launched in 1982, was the first satellite built by a Canadian prime contractor, Spar Aerospace Ltd. The Anik-D series will replace the A and B series. The two D satellites operate only in the 4/6 GHz band.

In addition, the Anik-C series satellites were launched in 1982, 1983 and 1985. Each spacecraft has 16 channels and uses the 12/14 GHz band. The combination of spot-beam antenna patterns, higher transmit power and use of the 14112 GHz bands means Anik-C satellites are able to work with much smaller earth stations than those needed by more conventional, lower frequency satellites.

Because of their smaller size, and because higher operational frequencies don't interfere with existing terrestrial microwave communications, Anik-C earth terminals can be easily placed in city centres, or mounted on the rooftops of individual homes. Anik-C can deliver a high quality TV picture to a consumer earth terminal equipped with a dish antenna about 1 metre in diameter, making it ideal for direct broadcast satellite services.

Anik-B Type Orbital position Launch date Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band

Ku-band TWTA power (watts): C-band

Ku-band Antenna coverage: C-band

Ku-band lTV region Status Primary use Lease services

Anik-Cl Type Orbital position Launch date Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band TWTA power (watts): C-band Antenna coverage: C-band lTV region Status Primary use Lease services

Anik-C2 Type Orbital position Launch date Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band TWTA power (watts): C-band Antenna coverage: C-band /TV region

FSS 109°W December 1978 7 12 6 10 20 North America 25% of Canada 2 Main Telephony 8 Inuit Indian TV NB: 12 channels are inactive

FSS 107.5 w April1985 10 16 15 Canada 2 In storage

Cl is for sale or lease

FSS 112.5 w 1983 10 16 15 Canada 2

Status Primary use Lease services

Anik-C3 Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Anik-Dl Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Canada

Main Telephony/TV

FSS 117SW November 1982 NASA 10 16 15 Canada 2 Main Telephony 1 Atlantic Television 2 TVEC 3 Premier Choix, AIPT,

telephony 4 The Knowledge

Network, La Sette 5 Provincial Alberta

Access, TV Ontario 6 Telephony 7 Telephony 8 First Choice, Radio

Quebec, telephony

FSS 104SW August 1984 NASA 10 24 11.5 North America 2 Main TV

1 B The Sports Network 2B CTV/The Global

Network 3B MuchMusic 4A CBC 4B CHCH-TV (S), radio 5A WDIV-TV (CBS) (S) 6A CBC North, radio 7B TCTV-TV (S), radio SA CBC North, radio 8B CBC Parliamentary

Network, CBC North, radio

9A CBC Network feeds, radio

9B CITY-TV (S), radio lOA CBC North feeds,

radio lOB CBTV-TV, radio llA WTVS-TV (PBS) (S) liB BCTV-TV (S), radio 12A WJBK-TV (NBC)

(S), radio 12B CBC Parliamentary

Network, radio

165

Cape Verde

Anik-D2 Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage ITU region Status

Lease services

Telesat

FSS 111SW November 1984 NASA 10 24 11.5 North America 2 Operational (as from November 1985) Not known

In 1986 Telesat signed a contract with Spar for two powerful Ku-bond satellites, El and E2, to be launched in 1990.

M-SAT

The Canadian government announced in March 1985 its support of a commercial mobile communications satellite

(MSAT) system for Canada by 1990. The programme is to be undertaken in coooperation with the US, as an industry-led joint endeavour involving NASA, the Department of Communications (Canada). Telesat Canada and a US satellite operator.

The estimated use of MSA T will be distributed as follows: Transport (I 77<) ~ trucking. railway, shipping, aviation, busing; Minerals. oiL gas ( 137<) ~exploration, exploitation; Services ( 13%) ~maintenance of hydro, telecom. pipelines, roads; Forestry ( !2o/c) ~ forest management. harvesting; Government (10%) ~law enforcement. coast guard, ambulance, fire fighting. fisheries, pollution monitoring, etc. Construction (57<) ~ large projects in remote areas; Others (30%) ~ agriculture, fishing. manufacturing. public communications.


Antenna Date System Location type Cmwage operational Intelsat Des Laurentides A Al 11 August 1979 Intelsat Lake Cowichan-1 A pp 24 August 1972 Intelsat Lake Cowichan-2 A pp I May 1984 Intelsat Mill Village I A A2 24 October 1966 lntelsat Mill Village 2 A AP 29 October 1969 Intelsat Mill Village 3 N AS 30 January 1981 Intelsat Mill Village 4 A A2 20 June 1984 Inmarsat - CES

CAPE VERDE


Ministerio dos Transportes e Comunica~;oes Caixa postal15, Praia Telephone: 614124 Telex: 60 MTC

Telecommunications

Empresa dos Correios e Telecomunica~;oes Caixa Postal220, Praia Telephone: 613126 Telex: 87 PUBLICO CV

Broadcasting

Radio Nacional BP 940, Praia Telephone: Bangui

166

Telex: 2355



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0318066 withdrew 1983


System Intelsat

Location Varzea

Antenna type

B


AP 26 January 1983

Central African Republic

CAYMAN ISLANDS


Executive Council. George Town, Grand Cayman

Telecommunications

Cable & Wireless (West Indies) Ltd Fort Street (PO Box 293), Grand Cayman Telephone: 2 611

Broadcasting

Radio Cayman PO Box 1110, George Town, Grand Cayman Telephone: 97799

Via UK.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Antenna System Intelsat

Location type Grand Cayman B

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Bangui Telephone: 610211; 612946 Telex: MINIPOSTEL 5304 RC

Telecommunications

Direction General des Telecommunications Office Centrafrican des Postes et Telecommunications, Avenue Des Martyrs, Bangui Telephone: 614301 Telex: DIRTEL 5245

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion-Television Centrafricaine BP 940 Bangui Telephone: 2355

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location M'poko

Antenna type B


A2 21 August 1980

Date Coverage operational A1 15 February 1983

167

Chad

CHAD


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Boite postale 154, N'Djamena Telephone: 2250 Telex: MINIPT 5254 KD

Telecommunications

Direction Generale de I' Office des Postes et Telecommunications Boite postale 154, N'Djamena Telephone: 2233 Telex: ONPTT 5254 KD

Societe des Telecommunications Internationales du Chad (TIT) BP 1132, N'Djamena Telephone: 3120 Telex: TIT 5248

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne BP 892, N'Djamena



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



%Share 0.0318066 0.05

An earth station at Goudji (Intelsat Standard B) has been out of operation since 1979.

CHILE


Ministerio de Tran~portes y Telecomunicaciones Amumltegui 139, Santiago Telephone: (2) 69 131 Telex: 34 1156

Telecommunications

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones SA (Entel) Casilla 4254, Santiago Telephone: (2) 712121 Telex: 540562 ENTEL CB

Other telecommunications operators:

All America Cable & Radio Inc. Huerfanos 1546, Casilla 3767, Santiago Telephone: (2) 713025 Telex: 1200 ITTCHILE CC

168

Compania de Telefonos de Chile San Martin 50, Santiago Telephone: (2) 86616 Telex: 240955 CTCH CL

ITT Comunicaciones Mundiales SA Huerfanos 1546, Casilla 3767, Santiago Telephone: (2) 71 30 05 Telex: 440629 ITTCZ

Texcom Ltd Avenida Bulnes 79, Oficina 67, Santiago Telephone: (2) 83 154

Transradio Chilena Campania de Telecomunicaciones, Bandera 168, Casilla 2107, Santiago Telephone: (2) 7140 24 Telex: 340 260 PBVTR CK

Broadcasting

Subsecretaria de Telecomunicaciones Amunategui 139, Santiago. Postal Address: Clasificador 120, Correa 21. Santiago Telephone: 726503 Telex: 40200


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat Cite!


%Share 0.2544529 0.578405 0.05

Space Segment

Entel has an Intelsat transponder lease, and also uses Inmarsat.


Antenna type Coverage A AP

Date operational 22July1968

China


Location Longovilo-1 Longovilo-2 A A2 7 October 1977

CHINA

Government Department & Telecommunications

Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 13 West Chang An Road, Beijing Telephone: 660540 Telex: 210126

Broadcasting

CCTV Fuxingmenwai, Beijing Telephone: 868471 Telex: 22653 CCTV

Central People's Broadcasting Station Hsi chang An Chieh 3, Beijing


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat


%Share 2.5445292 0.496820 0.39061

Space Segment

Chinasat Ministry of Aeronautics, PO Box 848. Beijing

National Academy of Space Technology PO Box 2417, Beijing

China launched its first experimental satellite on 26 April 1970. Since then, it has launched about 17 satellites. The first Chinese geosynchronous communications satellite (STW-1) was launched on 8 April 1984 and positioned at 125°E.

China has continued to develop spacecraft and has negotiated with suppliers in Canada, Japan, US and Europe. There are separate plans for telecommunications and broadcasting. Meanwhile, the government has taken an Intelsat lease, and is constructing earth stations in each province and autonomous republic.

China has its own launch facilities.

169

Colombia

The STW System

STW-1 Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TU region Status Primary use

STW-2 Type Orbital positian Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use

FSS 124°E April1984

3 2 4.4 China 3 Experimental Communications experiments

FSS 103°E February 1986

3 2 4.4 China 3 Experimental Communications experiments


Antenna Date System Location trpe Co\'erage operational Intelsat Beijing-! A pp 14June1973 Intelsat Beijing-2 A IP 15 March 1974 Intelsat Beijing-3 A I I 10 March 1982 Intelsat Shanghai A pp 5 September 1973

COLOMBIA


Ministerio de Comunicaciones Edificio Murillo Toro, Carreras 7y 8x Calle 13, Bogota DEl Telephone: (1) 415532 Telex: 44284 MINCOCO

Telecommunications

Empresa National de Telecomunicaciones (Telecom) Calle 23 No 13-49, Bogota DE Telephone: (1) 420660 Telex: 44280 ENTP CO

Departamento Administrativo de Aeronautica Civil Aeropuerto elDorado, Bogota DE Telephone: 669200 Telex: 44844, 44620 DAAC CO

Broadcasting

Instituto Nacional de Radio y Television Avenida elDorado, Bogota DE Telephone: 446782 Telex: 44311 INRA CO

170



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


o/r: Share 0.2544529 1.1

Colombia does not have a national system. However, Telecom has leased three Intelsat transponders. Plans for a national system have been abandoned and the Condor system for the Andean countries is a priority.



Location Choconta-1 Choconta-2

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational AI 17March 1970 AP 9 June 1981

Cook Islands

CONGO


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Office National de~ Po~tes et Telecommunication de Ia Republique Populaire du Congo (ONPT), Brazzaville Telephone: 81 16 86 Telex: OFI POSTEL 5208 KG

Telecommunications

Office of International Telecommunications (Intelco) Brazzaville Telephone: 81 16 86

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion-Television Congolaise BP 2241, Brazzaville Telephone: 81 24 73



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


CfC Share 0.1272264 0.05

Earth Station Facilities .

System Intelsat

Location Mougouri

Antenna type

A

Date Corerage operational

AP 27 April 1978

COOK ISLANDS


Post Office Rarotonga Telex: 62010 CO MDIV RG

Telecommunications

Cable & Wireless pic PO Box 47, Avarua, Rarotonga Telephone: 6822 26171

Broadcasting

Cook Islands Broadcasting and Newspaper Corporation PO Box 126, Avarua, Rarotonga Telephone: 20100


Via New Zealand

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Avarua

Antenna type

B


PP 28 February 1980

171

Costa Rica

COSTA RICA


Ministerio de Informacion y Comunicacion Secretaria de Information y Comunicacion, Apartado 7-1980, 1000 San Jose Telephone: 24 14 07 Telex: 2374 SIN COM CR

Telecommunications

Direccion Nacional de Comunicaciones Apartado 10-006, 1000 San Jose Telephone: 23 97 66

Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) Apartado 10-032, 1000 San Jose Telephone: 20 77 20 Telex: 2225

Radiografica Costarricense SA (Racsa) Apartado 54, San Jose Telephone: 33 55 55 Telex: 1015 RACSADIV CR

Broadcasting

Sistema Nacional de Radio y Television Cultural Apartado 7-1980, 1000 San Jose Telephone: 2374 SINCOM CR


Organization ITU Intelsat Comtelca Cite! Inca tel

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


7c Share 0.0636132 0.05


System Intelsat

Location Tarbaca

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational A1 24 November 1981

CUBA


Ministerio de Comunicaciones Plaza de Ia Revolucion •Jose Marti', Havana 6 Telephone: 74980 Telex: 51945 CCO MINSTRO

Telecommunications

Empresa Telecomunicaciones Internationales Zanja y San Francisco, Havana Telephone: 70 2212

172

Radio Corporation of Cuba Apartado 1130, Havana Telephone: 68211 Telex: 511185

Western Union Telegraph Company Osibpo 351, Havana Telephone: 69901 Telex: 571140

Broadcasting

Instituto Cubano de Radiodifusion Television Nacional Calle M No 312, Vedado, Havana


Organization ITU lntersputnik


o/c Share 0.1272264

$13.000plus additional contribution based on utilization of space segment

Czechoslovakia

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat. No domestic system at present. The government has plans for its own system, and has registered a launch date of 1989. No details are available at this time.


System Intelsat

Location Caribe

Antenna type

B


A1 14 August 1979

CYPRUS


Ministry of Communications and Works Nicosia Telephone: (021) 40 2278 Telex: 3678 MINCOM CY

Telecommunications

Cyprus Telecommunications Authority 121 Prodromos Avenue, PO Box 4929, Nicosia Telephone: (021) 77 111 Telex: 3288 CYTA ADM CY

Broadcasting

Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting House. PO Box 1824, Nicosia Telephone: (021) 22231 Telex: 2333


Organization ITU


7c Share 0.0636132 0.153 0.96709

Intelsat Eutelsat

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


1974 1985

Antenna Date Coverage operational System

Intelsat Intelsat

Location type Makarios-1 A Makarios-1 B

AP 5 May 1980 1P 13 October 1982

CZECHOSLOVAKIA


Federal Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Olsanska 5, CS-12502 Prague Telephone: (2) 7141111 Telex: 111410 PTTC

Broadcasting

Ceskoslovensky Rozhlas Vinoradska 12, CS 12099 Prague Telephone: (2) 2115 Telex: 121059 CRPA C

Ceskoslovenska Televize Gorkeho nam. 29-30, CS-11150 Prague I Telephone: (2) 2201 54 Telex: 121800 TVPG C

173

Denmark


Organization ITU Intersputnik


o/c Share 0.5089058


Space Segment

Uses Intersputnik.


Provided by Intersputnik.

DENMARK


Ministry of Public Works Frederiksholms Kanal27, DK-1220 Copenhagen Telephone: ( 1) 126242

Telecommunications

Generaldirektoratet for Post-Og Telegrafrvaesenet Tientgensgade 37, DK-1530 Copenh_agen Telephone: (1) 156610 Telex: 22323 Fax: (1) 156610 ext. 3028

Telecommunications Direktoratet Anker Heegards Gade 4, DK-1503 Copenhagen Telephone: (1) 11 33 77 Telex: 27277 TELDIR DK

Central Telecommunications Services Farvergade 17, DK-1007 Copenhagen Telephone: (1) 11 66 05 Telex: 22999 TELCOM DK

Det Store Nordiske Telegraf-Selskab Kongens Nytbrv 28, DK-1050 Copenhagen Telephone: (1) 12 00 88 Telex: 22371 GNTC

Statens Telerad (Danish Telecommunications Council) Kristianiagade 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen Telephone: (1) 42 35 00

174

Broadcasting

Danmarks Radio TV Byen, DK-2860 S0berg Telephone:(!) 671233 Telex: 27123 NUKDR DK, 15217 PRDRDK


Organization Date of Joining '7c Share ITU 1866 1.2722646 Intelsat 1974 0.384163 Inmarsat 1979 1.66142 Eutelsat 1984 3.27016

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat. No domestic system, although Denmark has leased capacity on both Intelsat and Eutelsat satellites.


Denmark uses the Nordic Standard A earth station at Tanum, Sweden.

Egypt

DIEGO GARCIA

Broadcasting

Armed Forces Radio and Television Service US Navy Broadcasting Service Detachment Three, Box 14, US Naval Support Facility, FPO San Francisco, CA 96685, USA

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Antenna Location type Diego Garcia B

Date Corerage operational AS 16 November 1982

DJIBOUTI


Office des Postes et Telecommunications Boulevard de Ia Republique, Djibouti Telephone: 350669 Telex: 5808 DJ DION OPT Fax: 35 57 57

Telecommunications

Djibouti International Telecommunications (STID) Boulevarde de Ia Republique, Djibouti

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Ambouli

Antenna type B

Date C orerage operational IP 26June 1980

EGYPT


National Authority for Wire and Wireless Communications 22 Ramses Street, Cairo Telephone: (2) 388 88

Telecommunications

National Telecommunications Organisation (ARENTO) PO Box 2271, Cairo Telephone: (2) 744909 Telex: 92100 RADMSR UN Fax: (2) 760434

Broadcasting

Broadcasting and TV Federation Television Building, Cairo Telephone: (2) 749 664 Telex: 92466 ETV UN; 92152 KARADUN




0t Share 0.2544529 0.69 0.0996

175

El Salvador

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Inmarsat.


System Intelsat Intelsat Inmarsat Meteosat

Location Maadi-1 Maadi-2 Maadi-3

Antenna type A A CES APT

Coverage AP IP

Date operational 17 July 1978 12 June 1984 1986 1982

ELSALVADOR

Government Department and Telecommunications

Administracion Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Antel) Edificio Administracion de Ante!, Centro de Govierno, San Salvador Telephone: 22 44 84 Telex: 20252

Broadcasting

Asociacion Salvadorena de Empresarios de Radiodifusion Ap. Postal210, San Salvador


Organization ITU Intelsat Cite! Comtelca Inca tel


%Share 0.0636132 0.05

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Izalco

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational A1 26 August 1978

EQUATORIAL GUINEA


Ministro de Comunicaciones Malabo

176

Telecommunications

Direccion General de Correos y de Telecomunicaciones Malabo Telephone: 240

Broadcasting

Radio Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial Apt. 195. Malabo. Isla Bioko Telephone: 382


Organization ITU


<7c Share 0.0318066

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Bat a

Antenna type B

Falkland Islands

Date Coverage operational A1 1986

ETHIOPIA


Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority (ETA) PO Box 1047. Addis Ababa Telephone: (I) 150500 Telex: 210 GENTEL ET

Broadcasting

Ethiopian Television Service PO Box 1020. Addis Ababa Telephone: 116 701

Voice of Revolutionary Ethiopia PO Box 1364. Addis Ababa Telephone: 115 933



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



7c Share 0.0318066 0.089209


Antenna Location type


Sululta-1 A AP 5 July 1979 Sululta-2 B 1P 1986

FALKLAND ISLANDS


The Chief Secretary Executive Council, Stanley

Telecommunications

General Post Office Port Stanley Telephone: 135

Broadcasting

Falkland Islands Broadcasting Station Broadcasting Studio. Stanley Telephone: 90


The Falkland Islands are not a member of the ITU or Intelsat.

177

Fiji

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Department of Posts and Telecommunications PO Box 40, Suva Telephone: 210360 Telex: 2104 PO SUVA FJ

Telecommunications

Fiji International Telecommunications Ltd (Fintel) PO Box 59, Suva Telephone: 3129 33 Telex: 2116 FINTEL FJ

Broadcasting

Fiji Broadcasting Commission Broadcasting House, 69 Gladstone Road, Suva Telephone: 22621 Telex: 2142 FBC SV FJ


Liikenneministerioe (Ministry of Transport and Communications) Erelae,planadi 16, PO Box 235, SF 00131 Helsinki Telephone: (0) 17361 Telex: 125472 LIMIN SF

Telecommunications

General Directorate of Posts and Telecommunications PO Box 528, SF 00101 Helsinki Telephone: (0) 1951 Telex: 124557 Fax: (0) 195 4820

178


System Intelsat

Location Stanley

Amenna trpe


B A2 29 November 1983

FIJI



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



'k Share 0.0636132 0.05


Location Suva-1 Suva-2

Antenna type


A PP 23 Aprill976 B PP March 1987

FINLAND

Posti Ja Telehallitus (Administration of Posts and Telecommunications) Radio Osasto, Yattuniemenkatu 8, PO Box 529, SF 00101 Helsinki Telephone: (0) 69661 Telex: 124545 RADOS SF

Broadcasting

Oy Yleisradio (YLE) Kesakatu 2, PL 95, SF 00251 Helsinki 25 Telephone: (0) 441141 Telex: 124735

MTV Ilmallantorg 2, SF 00240 Helsinki 24 Telephone: (0) 15001 Telex: 121544


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat Eutelsat

Space Segment

Date of Joining 1920 1973 1979 1985

'/r Share 1.2722646 0.092776 0.14750 2.7211\1

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Entelsat. No domestic system, but Finland is a partner in Tele-X (see Sweden).

France


Finland uses the Nordic earth station at Tanum. Sweden.

FRANCE


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications 20 avenue de Segur, 75700 Paris Cedex Telephone: (1) 4566 2222 Telex: 250310 GENTEL Fax: (1) 4654 5379

Telecommunications

Direction Generate des Telecommunications (DGT) 20 avenue de Segur, 75700, Paris •

Service des affairs internationales (SAl) 38-40 rue du General-Leclerc, F 92131 Issy les Moulineaux Telephone: 566 22 22 Telex: GENTE X 200773 F Fax: (1) 4538 7068

Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications 38-40 rue du General Leclerc, 92131 Issy les Moulineaux Telephone: ( 1) 4638 4444 Telex: 250317

Secretariat d'Etat aux techniques de Ia communication 35 rue St Dominique, 75700 Paris Telephone: ( 1) 4550 3250

France Cables et Radio (FCR) 124 rue Reamur, F-75091 Paris Telephone: 4221 7171 Telex: FCR X 220731

Broadcasting

Antenne 2 Societe Nationale Antenne 2, 5-7 rue de Montessuy, 75330 Paris Cedex 07 Telephone: (1) 4555 9290 Telex: 204061\

Canal Plus 78 rue Olivier de Serres. 75015 Paris Telephone: (1) 4533 7474 Telex: 201141

FR3- Societe Nationale France Regions 3 5 avenue du Recteur Poincare, 75782 Paris Cedex 16 Telephone: (1) 4230 2424 Telex: 200082

Radio France 116 avenue du President J.F. Kennedy, 75786 Paris Cedex 16 Telephone: (1) 4524 2424 Telex: 200002

Television Fran~>aise 1 15-19 rue Cognacq-Jay, 75330 Paris Cedex 07 Telephone: (1) 4555 3555 Telex: 260003

Telediffusion de France (TdF) 21-27 rue Barbes, BP No 518, F 92542 Montrouge Telephone: 6571115 Telex: DIR TDF 250738 F Fax: (1) 4654 3201

Satellite and Launch Vehicle Manufacturers

Aerospatiale 37 blvd de Montmorency, 75781 Paris Cedex 16 Telephone: (1) 45244321 Telex: 620059

Aerospatiale Space and Ballistics Division, BP 96, 78133 Les Mureaux. Paris Cedex 16 Telephone: (3) 4750123 Telex: 698850 F

Alcatel Thomson Espace 11 avenue Dubonnet, 92407 Courbevoie Cedex Telephone: (1) 47744710 Telex: 613175 ALTHESP F Fax: (1) 47744798

179

France

Alcatel Thomson Espace Industrial Plant, 26 avenue JF Champollion, Z1 Thibaud, PO Box 1187, 31037 Toulouse Telephone: (61) 41 5777 Manufacturer of satellite payloads and subsystems.

Arianespace 1 rue Soljenitsyne, 91000 Evry Telephone: 6087 6000 Telex: 692392 ARESP F Operators of the Ariane launch system.

Crouzet 25 rue Jules Vedrines, 26027 Valence Cedex Telephone: (75) 79 85 11 Telex: 345807 Fax: 55 22 50

Matra Space Branch, 10 avenue Kleber, 75116 Paris Telephone: (1) 450152 20 Telex: 613039 MATFIN F Fax: (1) 4501 82 42

Matra Headquarters, 4 rue de Presbourg, 75116 Paris Telephone: (1) 4723 5404 Telex: 698077 Fax: (1) 4501 82 42 Matra satellites include Eutelsat 1- F1-F3 and Telecom 1A-1B. Matra manages the SPOT observation satellite programme. Consortia: Satcom International.

ThomsonCSF Division Tubes Electroniques, 38 rue Vauthier, BP 305, 921302 Boulogne Bilancourt Telephone: (1) 4604 8175 Telex: 204780 TCSF F

Space Research

Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales 2 Place Maurice Quentin. 75001 Paris Telephone: 4508 75 00 CNES is the national space research centre.

Remote sensing

Spot Image 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse Telephone: 61 27 31 31 Satellite: SPOT


Organization Date of Joining ITU 1866 Intelsat 1973 Inmarsat 1979 Eutelsat 1984

Space Segment

%Share 7.6335877 5.642236 2.51454

16.35080

France has a comprehensive aerospace industry and has developed several projects: on a national basis; bilaterally with Germany, FR, and through the European Space Agency. Its first major spacecraft was Symphonie, developed jointly with Germany, FR, which provided numerous tests

180

not only in Europe but in many other countries including China and India. It was operational from 1967-72.

France has launched the Telecom series of satellites as successors to the Symphonie series. The Telecom system is the only national satellite communications system in Europe. (Eutelsat and Intelsat provide the vast majority of telecommunications capacity required by the European PTTs.)

There are currently two Telecom satellites in orbit, Telecom-I and Telecom-II. They were launched in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Telecom-II, the last of the series, is expected to be launched in 1987/8.

The satellites are used for: occasional transmission of TV signals; TDMA (time division multiple access) business communications as part of Eutelsat's Satellite Multi-Service; French military communications.

Telecom I Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels C-band:

Ku-band: TWTA power (watts) C-band:

Ku-band: Antenna coverage C-band:

ITU region Status Primary use Services

Telecom 2 Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years)

Ku-band:

Number of channels C-band: Ku-band:

TWTA power (watts) C-band: Ku-band:

Antenna coverage C-band:

ITU region Status Primary use Services

Ku-band:

FSS 8°W August 1984 Ariane 7 4 6 8.5 20 Atlantic Ocean Region France 1 Main Telephony 1 Agence d'Images TV

Francaise 2 Occasional video 3 Occasional video 5 Worldnet 6 Canal J NB: 4 of the 6 K-band transponders have been leased by Eutelsat for SMS.

FSS 5°W May 1985 Ariane 7 4 6 8.5 20 Atlantic Ocean Region France 1 Spare for F1 TV/international business services 3 Occasional video/audio 4 Occasional video 5 Occasional video/audio 6 Occasional video/audio

France is also a partner with Germany, FR, in a joint venture to construct two DBS satellites: TDF (France) and TV-SAT (Germany, FR). Both satellites have been postponed several times but should be launched in 1987/8. The French satellites

will have four TV channels transmitting at about 230 watts in the 12 GHz band.

There are also plans for a national Videosat system providing specialized telecommunications services at 1-3 GHz and 12 GHZ. Two satellites will be placed at 32° east and 37.5° west, and used for telephony and video. However, the plans are not confirmed.

France was the major partner in the consortium set up by the European Space Agency to develop the Ariane rocket. French interests have the major share in Arianespace, the company that operates the launcher.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Bercenav-en-Othe I A AP 13 March 1978 Intelsat Bercena~-en-Othe 2 A II 19 July 1980 Intelsat Bercena~-en-Othe 3 C AP I September 1981 Intelsat Bercenay-en-Othe 4 A II 24 March 1983 Intelsat Pleumer-Bodou-1 A AS 28June 1965 Intelsat Pleumer-Bodou-2 A AS 3 November 1969 Intelsat Pleumer-Bodou-3 A AI 22 January 1974 Intelsat Pleumer-Bodou-4 A IP 24 May 1976 Intelsat Pleumer-Bodou-6 A A2 16 January 1984 Intelsat Pleumer-Bodou-7 A AI 15 January 1985 lntelsat Rambouillet-1 c AI 15 January 1985

The French administration also operates several earth stations in the French overseas territories.

Gabon

French Guiana

Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Tron Biran-1 A AP 6 May 1974 Intelsat Tron Biran-2 B AS 4 October 1984

Martinique

Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Trois Islets A AP 21 January 1972

New Caledonia

Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat L'Ile Non A pp 21 July 1976

Polynesia

Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Papenoo B pp 2 May 1978

GABON


L 'Office des Postes et Telecommunications de Ia Republique Gabonaise Libreville Telephone: 722701 Telex: OFPOSTEL 5220 GO

Telecommunications

Direction des Telecommunications Libreville Telephone: 72 27 03 Telex: OFPOSTEL 5220 GO

Telecommunications Internationales Gabonaises (TIG) BP 2261, Libreville Telephone: 722756 Telex: TIG 5200 GO

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Television Gabonaise BP 10150, Libreville, and BP 776 Franceville

Radio Television Gabonaise BP 150, Libreville



Space Segment


%Share 0.1272264 0.05 0.07496

Uses Intelsat and Inmarsat. Gabon bought an Intelsat transponder in 1986 (the first African country to do so).



Location Franceville N'Koltang-1 N'Koltang-2

Antenna type A A B

Coverage AP AP Al

Date operational December 1987 14 June 1973 7 May 1981

181

Gambia

GAMBIA


Telecommunications Department Banjul Telephone: 722 Telex: 2212 GV, 2300

Telecommunications

Gam tel PO Box 387, Banjul Telephone: 722 Telex: 2201

Cable & Wireless pic Mercury House, Telegraph Road, PO Box 266, Banjul Telephone: 407 Telex: 2201 C&W GV

Broadcasting

Department of Information and Broadcasting Banjul Telephone: 230 Telex: 2204 GV


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


o/c Share 0.0318066


System Intelsat

Location Banjul

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational A1 17 April1978

GERMANY (DDR)


Ministerrat der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Ministerium fiir Post und Fernmeldewesen, Mauerstrasse 69-75. 1066 Berlin Telephone: (02) 231 2101 Telex: 112558 MPF DD

Deutsche Post der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Institut fiir Post und Fernmeldewesen, Oranienburgerstrasse 70, 1040 Berlin Telex: 1122 54 IPF DD

Broadcasting

Staatliches Komitee fur Rundfunk heim Ministerrat der DDR State Broadcasting Committee, Nalepastrasse 18-50, 1160 Berlin

Fernsehen der DDR 1199 Berlin Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 3 Telephone: (2) 673 3116 Telex: 112558

182


Organization lTU Intersputnik

Space Segment

Uses Intersputnik.


%Share 0.7633587



System Location lntersputnik

Antenna type


1976

Germany (FRG)

GERMANY (FRG)


Bundesministerium fiir das Post und Fernmeldewesen Adenauerallee 81, D 5300 Bonn Telephone: (228) 141 Telex: 8861101 BPM D Fax: (228) 14 88 72

Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DFVLR) E. V. Linder Hoe her, 5000 Cologne 90 Telephone: (2203) 60 11 Telex: 8874410

Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt (ZMT) Am Kavalleriesand 3, D-6100 Darmstadt Telephone: (6151) 831 Telex: 419511 FTZ D

Fax: (6151) 834791

De beg Funkverkehrsabrechnung Behringstrasse 120, D-2000 Hamburg 50 Telephone: ( 40) 882 51 Telex: 211925 Fax: ( 40) 882 5490

Broadcasting

ARD Deutsches Fernsehen Arnulfstrasse 42, D 8000 Munich 2 Telephone: (89) 59001 Telex: 521070

Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) Rundfunkplatz 1, D 8000 Munich 2 Telephone: (89) 59 001 Telex: 52107 0 BRM D

Deutschlandfunk (DLF) Raderberggurtel40, D-5000 Cologne 51 Telephone: (0221) 37071 Telex: 8881262 DLF D

Deutsche Welle (DW) Raderberggurte1 50, Postfach 100 444, D-5000 Cologne 51 Telephone: (0221) 3890 Telex: 888485 DWD

Hessischer Rundfunk (HR) Bertramstrasse 8, Postfach 3111, D-6000 Frankfurt (Main) Telephone: (0611) 1551 Telex: 411127 HRA D

Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NRD) Rothernbaumchausse 132-34, D 2000 Hamburg 13 Telephone: (40) 4131 Telex: 219891 NOR

Radio Bremen Heinrich Hertz Strasse 13, D 2800 Bremen 33 Telephone: (0421) 23841 Telex: 245181 RB D

Saarlandischer Rundfunk (SR) Funkhaus Halberg, Postfach 1050, 06600 Saarbrucken Telephone: (0681) 6021 Telex: 4428969 SRF D

Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) Masurenallee 8-14, 1000 Berlin 19 Telephone: (030) 3081 Telex: 182813 SFB D

Suddeutscher Rundfunk (SDR) Neckarstrasse 230, Postfach 837, D 7000 Stuttgart 1 Telephone: (0711) 2881 Telex: 723456 SDRS D

Sudwestfunk (SWF) Hans Bredow Strasse, Postfach 820, D 7570 Baden Baden Telephone: (07221) 2761 Telex: 0787810 SWF D

Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) Appellhofplatz 1, D 5000 Cologne 51 Telephone: (0221) 22(ll Telex: 8882575 WDR D

Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF) Postfach 4040, D 6500 Mainz Telephone: (06131) 701 Telex: 418 7661 ZDF D

Satellite Manufacturing Consortium

Eurosatellite GmbH Steinsdorfstrasse 13, D 8000 Munich 22 Telephone: 89221303 Telex: 529 463 EDS Fax: (89) 22 3814

Eurosatellite is the prime contractor for: TV SAT; TDF 1 & 2; Tele-X.

Members: MBB (see below); AEG (see below); Aerosp<ltiale (see France); Alcatel Thomson Espace (see France); ETCA (see France).

Satellite and Launch Vehicle Manufacturers

AEG ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Gerberstrasse 33, D 7150 Backnang Telephone: 7191131 Telex: 7244060 Fax: 7191 13 32 13

Satellites: Intelsat IV; OTS; Kopernikus; ECS; runs transmission facilities of TV Sat development and production of DFS Kopernikus.

183

Ghana

Dornier System GmbH Postfach 1360, D 7990 Friedrichshafen 1 Telephone: (7545) 81 Telex: 734 209 0 DOD Fax: (7545) 81

Manufacturers of on board and ground space equipment.

ERNO Space Systems Group Postfach 801169, D 8000 Munich 80 Telephone: (89) 60001 Telex: 5287620 MBB D Fax: (89) 6000 8150

Satellites: TV Sat; TDF 1; DFS Kopernikus; Intelsat V and VI.

ERNO Space Systems Group Postfach 105909, Hunefeldstrasse 1, D 2800 Bremen 1 Telephone: (421) 5391 Telex: 2455 48 ERNO D Fax: (421) 539 4400

Satellites: TV Sat; TDF 1, DFS Kopernikus; Intelsat V and VI; ECS.

Messerschmitt-Boelkow Blohm GmbH (MBB) Postfach 801169, D 8000 Munich 80 Telephone: (89) 60001 Telex: 5287620 MBB D Fax: (89) 60 00 8150



%Share 7.6335877 4.098193 1.64795

10.78754

Space Segment

Germany FR has developed several satellite projects nationally, bilaterally with France and through the European Space Agency. It has collaborated with France in developing the TV-SAT (Germany, FR) and TDF (France) DBS spacecraft. TV -SAT is scheduled to be launched in 1988 and will provide four TV channels.

Germany's first operational telecommunications satellites are scheduled to be launched in 1988/9. They are known as the 'Deutsche Fernmelde Satelliten' (DFS) or 'Kopernikus'. Two satellites will be launched by Ariane and provide TV. telephone and data. They will operate in the 11-14 and 20-30 GHz bands.


System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat

Location Fuchsstadt-1 Fuchsstadt-2 Raisting-2 Raisting-3 Raisting-4 Raisting-5 Shoenfeld Usingen-1 Usingen-2

Alllenna Date type Coverage operational A 1P 23July1985 A AP 11 November 1985 A AI 10 October 1969 A AP 25 August 1972 A 1P 18 May 1981 A A2 9 June 1981 B A1 1986 C AP 14 June 1981 C AP 1986

GHANA


Ministry of Transport and Communications PO Box 38, Accra

Telecommunications

Posts and Telecommunications Corporation Accra Telephone: 22000 Telex: 2010 ENG HQ ACCRA

Broadcasting

Ghana Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting House, PO Box 1633, Accra Telephone: 21161 Telex: 2114

184



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



%Share 0.0636132 0.05

System Intelsat

Antenna Location type


N'Kutunse A AP 23 July 1981

Grenada

GREECE


Ministry of Communications Administration of Posts and Telecommunications, 49 Ave Syngrou, Athens Telephone: (1) 921 5279 Telex: 216369 YSYG GR Fax: (1) 3216029

Telecommunications

Hellenic Telecommunications Organization SA (OTE) 15 Stadiou Street, Athens 124 Telephone: (1) 882 8333 Telex: 219797 OTE GR

Broadcasting

Ellinki Radiophonia Tikeorassis (ERT) Box 19, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens Telephone: (1) 659 5970 79 Telex: 216066 ERT GR



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat & Inmarsat.


System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat

Location Nemea Thermopylae-1 Thermopylae-2 Thermopylae-3

Date of Joining %Share 1866 0.2544529 1973 0.813135 1979 1.41143 1984 3.18043

Amenna Date type Coverage operational A 11 December 1987 A 1P 21 April1970 A AP 27 September 1972 A A2 7 September 1982

GRENADA


Ministry of Health and Telecommunications The Carenage, StGeorge's Telephone: 3177 Telex: 3418

Ministry of Communications and Works St. George's Telephone: 2181

Telecommunications

Cable & Wireless (West Indies) Mercury House, The Carenage, St. George's Telephone: 2200 Telex: WB 411

Broadcasting

Television Grenada Scotts Street, St. George's


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses lntelsat.



%Share 0.318066

An Intelsat standard N station, linking with the Atlantic satellite, was opened at Des on 17 February 1986.

185

Guatemala

GUATEMALA


Ministerio de Comunicaciones y Obras Publicas Ciudad de Guatemala Telephone: (2) 83766

Telecommunications

Empresa Guatemalteca de Telecommunications (Guatel) 7 A Avenida 12-39 zona 1, Ciudad de Guatemala Telephone: (2) 85898 Telex: 5333 GEGUAT GU

Broadcasting

Direccion General de Radiodifusion y Television Nacional SA Avenida 13-18, Zona 1, Ciudad de Guatemala

Radio Television Guatemala S.A. 30A A venida 3-40, Zona 11, Apartado 1367, Ciudad de Guatemala



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


'k Share 0.0636132 0.05


System Intelsat

Location Quetzal

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 3 July 1981

GUINEA


Ministere de l'lnformation et du Tourisme Conakry Telephone: 437 41 Telex: 640

Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Conakry Telephone: ( 4) 41216 Telex: 2154

Telecommunications

Direction Generate des Telecommunications Conakry Telephone: ( 4) 412 05 Telex: 607

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Nationale BP 391, Conakry

186

Space

Space Telecommunications Centre Conakry



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



Antenna Date

%Share 0.0318066 0.05

System Intelsat

Location type Coverage operational Wonkigong B Al 27 October 1980

Guyana

GUINEA BISSAU


Secretario de Estado dos Correios e Telecomunica~oes CP 200, Bissau Telephone: 212 914 Telex: 240 PUBLICO BL

Broadcasting

Radiodifusion Nacional CP 191, Bissau


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0318066

Space Segment

International satellite circuits are currently provided through Senegal or the Republic of Guinea. There is a HF radio link with the Cape Verde Republic.


System Intelsat

Location Bissau

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational AP June 1987

GUYANA


The Ministry of Works and Telecommunications Georgetown

Telecommunications

Guyana Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 10628, Georgetown Telephone: 0279 Telex: 2208 GTC COM GY; 2216 GYTELCOGY

Broadcasting

Guyana Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 10760, Georgetown Telephone: (02) 6923115


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0636132

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Antenna System Location type Intelsat Georgetown-! B

Date Coverage operational Al 26 January 1979

187

Haiti


Conseil National des Teh~communications (Conatel) BP 2002, Port au Prince Telephone: 20300 Telex: CON A TEL 2030353

Telecommunications

Telecommunications d'Haiti S.A.M. Blvd Jean Jacques Dessalines, BP 814, Port au Prince Telephone: 22200 Telex: 3490285

Broadcasting

Television Nationale d'Haiti BP 13400 Delmas, Delmas 31, Port au Prince

HAITI



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0318066 0.168004


System Intelsat

Location Sabourin

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational A1 23 April1976

HONDURAS


Direccion General de Comunicaciones Tegucigalpa DC

Ministereo de Comunicaciones Edificio Caminos bo Ia Balsa, Comayaguela DC

Telecommunications

Empresa Hondurena de Telecomunicaciones (Hondutel) Apartado Postal1794, Tegucigalpa DC Telephone: 222000 Telex: 1220 HONDUTEL HT

Broadcasting

Compania Televisora Hondurena SA Apartado Postal 734, Tegucigalpa DC

188


Organization ITU Intelsat Comtelca Cite I Inca tel

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0636132 0.05



Location Lempira-1 Lempira-2

Antenna type B A

Date Coverage operational A2 1 December 1982 A1 25 April1985

Hungary

HONG KONG


General Post Office Hong Kong Telephone: (5) 267 1111 Telex: 65958 GPOHK HX Fax: (5) 868 0094

Telecommunications

Hong Kong Telephone Co. Ltd. PO Box 479, Hong Kong Telephone: (5) 288 111 Telex: 83338 TELCO HX Fax: (5) 740 048

Communication Services Ltd PO Box 9872, Hong Kong Telephone: (5) 828 8111

Cable & Wireless (HK) Ltd GPO Box 597, New Mercury House, 22 Fenwick Street, Wanchai Telephone: (5) 28 31 11 Telex: 73240 CWADM Fax: 123 40014

Broadcasting

Radio Television Hong Kong Broadcasting House, Broadcast Drive, PO Box 70200, Kowloon Central Post Office Telephone: 3-370211 Telex: 45568


Via UK.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Hong Kong-1 A Il 6 September 1969 Intelsat Hong Kong-2 A Il 19 October 1971 Intelsat Hong Kong-3 A IP 23 February 1983 Intelsat Hong Kong-4 A pp 23 May 1983

HUNGARY


Central Administration of Posts and Telecommunications Budapest 1540 Telephone: (061) 350350 Telex: 221193 GENTEL H

Telecommunications

Posta Kosponti Taviro Hivatel (Central Posts and Telegraph Office) V. Varoshaz utca 18, PF 1 1364, Budapest Telephone: (01) 180 050

Broadcasting

Magyar Televizio V Szabadsag Ter 17, Budapest 1810 Telephone: 113200 Telex: 225568 TVINT H

Magyar Radio VIII Brody Sandor utca 5-7, Budapest 1800 Telephone: 338300 Telex: 225362 MRHIR H; 225188 MARAD H

189

Iceland




%Share 0.2544529

$13.000 plus additional contribution based on utilization of space segment

Space Segment

Uses Intersputnik.


Not known.

ICELAND


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications PO Box 270. 121 Reykjavik Telephone: (91) 26000 Telex: 2000 GENTEL IS

Broadcasting

Rikisutvarpid-Sjonvarp (Icelandic State Broadcasting Service) Laugaugavegur 176, Reykjavik


Organization ITU Intelsat Eutelsat


%Share 0.0636132 0.180 0.05

Space Segment

Iceland uses Intelsat and leases some lntelsat capacity.


System Intelsat

Location Skyggnir-1

Antenna type

A


AP 25 September 1980

INDIA


Ministry of Communications Sardar Patel Bhavan, Parliament Street, New Delhi 100 001 Telephone: 35 02 52 Telex: 314422

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Shastri Bhavan. New Delhi 100001

190

Telecommunications

Department of Telecommunications Bar Tar Bhavan, Parliament Street, New Delhi 110 001 Telephone: 38 12 09 Telex: 031 61639

Overseas Communications Service Videsh Sanchar Bhavan, Mahatma Ghandi Road, Bombay 400 023 Telephone: 23 86 37.22 271819 Telex: OCS HQ BY 2429

Broadcasting

All India Radio (AIR) Akashvani Bhavan, Parliament Street, New Delhi 110 001 Telephone: 38 22 36 Telex: 31 2225 DAIR IN

Doordarshan (Television) India Directorate General, Mandi House. New Delhi 110001 Telephone: 38 7768 Telex: 4413

Space

INSAT Department of Space, Government of India, New Delhi 52, 1/Bajh

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Ahmedabad 380 053 Telephone: 443296



Space Segment


'7c Share 2.5445292 1.()6

0.51869

The first Indian satellite was the experimental Aryabhata (named after a fourth century astronomer) which the USSR launched on 19 April 1975. After several experiments the satellite stopped functioning.

Later, India used two foreign satellites to carry out experiments in domestic services. The Franco-German Symphonie satellite was used to conduct experiments with fixed, mobile and emergency earth stations. A more important experiment, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), was provided by NASA's Application Technology· Satellite (ATS-6) repositioned above the Indian Ocean. With 2,400 television sets in as many Indian villages, SITE programmes were broadcast on educational and general matters.

India

In April 1982, India's first operational communications satellite, Insat-1A, was launched by NASA. The satellite failed in September 1982. The second satellite in the Insat-1 series, the 1B, was launched on 31 September 1983. Insat 1C has been built and is scheduled for launch in 1988.

Satellites in the Insat-1 series have 12 transponders, and weigh 535 kg. They are used by various Indian agencies such as: All India Radio, for networking radio programmes; the Post and Telegraph Department, for telecommunications traffic; the Indian Meteorological Department, for meteorological warning systems; and Doordarshan Television for networking and direct broadcasting of television.

lnsat JB Manufacturer Ford Aerospace Orbital position 74° E Launch date September 1983 Launcher NASA Design life (years) 7 Number of channels C-band 12

S-band 2 TWT A power (watts) C-band: 4.5

S-band: 50 EIRP: C-band

S-band Antenna coverage ITUregion Status Primary use

Services

32dBW 42dBW Indian Subcontinent 3 Main Telephony, Direct Broadcasting S-band: Doordarshan

Since 1979, India has used an Intelsat ocean transponder for part of its domestic telecommunication links. The system uses two main stations in New Delhi and Madras and five remote stations in Port Blair, Nicobar, Kavaratti, Leh and Aizwal. In 1982, following the failure of Insat-1A, two full Intelsat transponders were leased until Insat-1B became fully operationaL One transponder on Statsionar-6 was leased for TV distribution for the same reason.


System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Inmarsat

Location Ahmed Vikram-1 Vikram-2 Belepur

Antenna type A A A CES

Coverage I1 1P I1 I

Date operational 27 December 1976 21 February 1971 June 1988 1985

191

Indonesia

INDONESIA


Ministry of Communications Directorate General of Posts and Telecommunications, Jalan Kebon Sirih 37, Jakarta Telephone: (21) 346000 Telex: 44407 POSTEL IA

Telecommunications

Perum Telekomunikasi (Perumtel) Jalan Cisanggarung 2, Bandung Telephone: 59100 Telex: 28200 DIRUTTEL BD and J alan Kebon Sirih 37, Jakarta Telephone: (21) 345083 Telex: 4407 POSTEL IIA

Broadcasting

Radio Republik Indonesia Jalan Merdeka Barat 4-5, Jakarta Telephone: (21) 377 508

Televisi Republik Indonesia Pusat Senayan, Jakarta Telephone: 582 160


Organization ITU Intelsat A SEAN

Space


PT Indonesia Satellite Corporation (PT Indosat) Jalan Merdeka Barat 21, Jakarta

%Share 0.2544529 0.498731

Telephone: (21) 344 266 Telex: 44383 INDSAT IA

Space Segment

In 1972 the President of the Republic of Indonesia proposed the implementation of a communications system via satellite as a means of upgrading the standard of living in Indonesia's 26 provinces spread over 13,677 islands. In February 1975 the

192

Republic announced its decision to develop and operate a communications satellite system. The Hughes Aircraft Company was commissioned to design and construct the spacecraft (two HS 3330 satellites) and two base stations on the island of Java, one at Jakarta and one at Surabaya. Another four earth stations were built by ITT and Ford Aeronautics. On 8 July 1976, NASA launched the first Indonesian satellite, Palapa-A1, and the system was officially opened on 16 August 1976. A2 was launched on 10 March 1977. The system was used solely for domestic television and telephone traffic until23 June 1978 when a lease contract was signed between Indonesia and the Philippines for Domsatphil, the Philippine Satellite Telecommunications Company, to use Palapa for domestic purposes in the Philippines. Later Thailand and Malaysia signed similar agreements.

At the extraordinary meeting of the fourth Assembly of Parties of Intelsat, held in Manila on 2-3 April 1979, it was agreed that Palapa's second generation, the Palapa-B series, could be used as a regional system (the second such system, after Eutelsat). The satellite system remains wholly-owned by the Indonesian government and operated on its behalf by Perumtel. So far, four member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have entered into agreements with Permute! to lease some capacity. They are: Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore.

The Palapa-B satellites, also built by the Hughes Corporation, are nearly twice as powerful as the first generation, (both of which have been retired). Capacity has doubled to 24 transponders. Palapa-Bl was successfully launched in June 1983. Palapa-B2 was launched on 6 February 1984 but a failure in one of the rockets caused it to remain in a useless orbit. A replacement B2P was launched successfully in March 1987.

Manufacturer Orbital position Launch date Launch vehicle Design life (years) Frequency bands Transponders Power EIRP

PALAPA-A Hughes 83° E, 77o E 1976, 1977 Delta 7 3.7/4.2 GHz 12 5 watts 32 (Indonesia) 27 (ASEAN)

PALAPA-B Hughes 108° E, ll8° E 1983, (1984), 1987 STS 8 3.7/4.2 GHz 24 10 watts 34 (Indonesia) 32 (ASEAN)

Estimated Transponder Requirements up to 1990

User Up to 1978 Up to 1990 (transponder) (transponder)

INDONESIA Perumtel 6 9 T.V.R.I. 1 2 Hank am 1 1

Sub total 8 12

ASEAN: Philippines 1 V2 3V2 Thailand 3 Malaysia 1 V2 Occasional ASEAN TV

Sub total 1 V2 9

Grand total 9V2 21

Source: 1ndosat


System Location Intelsat J atiluhur-1 Intelsat J atiluhur-2

Antenna type A A


Iran

PP 19 September 1969 1P 15 July 1979

IRAN


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Directorate General of Telecommunications, Dr Shariati Avenue PO Box 931, 16314 Teheran Telephone: 84 36 12 Telex: 212444 PTT IR

Telecommunications

Telecommunications Company of Iran (TCI) Imam Khomeini Square, Teheran Telephone: 21 8111 Telex: 212 694 NCPB IR

Broadcasting

Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) PO Box 98-200, Teheran




%Share 0.2544529 0.937963 0.05001

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Inmarsat. Transponder capacity is leased from Intelsat for domestic telecommunications and television distribution. TCI is planning a national satellite system (ZOHREH) and has registered orbital slots at 26°, 34°, 47° and 41 o East. TC1 has also agreed to purchase two transponders on an Intelsat satellite at 60° east.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Shahid Dr Ghandi 1 A 1P 4 October 1969 Intelsat Shahid Dr Ghandi 2 A AP 22 August 1975 lntelsat (not known) A 1988 Inmarsat (not known) CES lOR 1987 Inmarsat (not known) CES AOR 1987

193

Iraq

IRAQ


Ministry of Information Baghdad

Posts Telegraphs and Telephones State Organisation Baghdad Telephone: 718 0400 Telex: 212002 COMGEN IK

Broadcasting

Broadcasting Service of the Republic of Iraq Iraqi Broadcasting and Television Establishment, Salihiya, Baghdad


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat Arabsat

Date of Joining 1928 1973 1980 1976

%Share 0.0636132 0.405501 0.05

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Intersputnik, Inmarsat and Arabsat.


System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intersputnik

Location Dujail-1 Dujail-2 Dujail-3 Baghdad

Antenna type A A B

Date Coverage operational 1P 15 March 1976 AP 14 September 1976 A Planned for 1987

IRELAND


Department of Posts and Telegraphs General Post Office, O'Connell Street, Dublin 1 Telephone: 74 8888 Telex: 25116 GTEL EI

Department of Communications Kildare Street, Dublin 2 Telephone: (1) 71 8211 Telex: 25323 PTHQEI

Telecommunications

Telecom Eireann St Stephens Green, Dublin 2 Telephone: (1) 714444 Telex: 91119 TEHQ EI

194

Broadcasting

Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) Donnybrook, Dublin 4 Telephone: 69 3111 Telex: 5268 RTEL El, 5344 RTNS EI

Satellite Companies

Atlantic Satellites 15 Kildare Street, Dublin 2 Telephone: (1) 606900 Telex: 90696 PDF EI



Space Segment


%Share 0.5089058 0.133182 0.21934

Uses Intelsat and Entelsat. The Department of Posts has issued a licence to Atlantic Satellites which plans to operate a satellite system capable of providing direct broadcast services to Ireland and UK and telecommunications to Europe and North America. The company expects its satellites. which will be built by Hughes. to be operational in 1989.


System Intelsat

Antenna Location type Elfordstown A


Israel

A2 12 April1984

ISRAEL


Ministry of Communications Directorate General. 91999 Jerusalem Telephone: 230222 Telex: 26381 GENTEL IL

Telecommunications

BEZEQ- The Israel Telecommunications Corporation Ltd PO Box 1088, Jerusalem 81010 Telephone: (2) 240 660 Telex: 25225 BEZEQ IL Fax: (2) 241 102

Broadcasting

Israel Broadcasting Authority PO Box 7139, Jerusalem




o/c Share 0.2544529 0.557462

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat for occasional use and has also purchased two Intelsat transponders. There are plans for a national satellite system (AMS) consisting of two spacecraft providing services at 3.4/3.95 GHz. 11112 GHz and 20/60 GHz. They will be colocated at 15° East.


Antenna Date System Location tvpe Coverage operational Intelsat Emeq Ha'ela 1 A AP 26 May 1972 Intelsat Emeq Ha'ela 2 A AI 1 May 1982 Intelsat Emeq Ha'ela 3 B Il 7 July 1980

195

Italy

ITALY


Ministero delle Poste e Telecomunicazione Direzione Generate, Ufficio Relazioni Internazionali, Viale America, 00100 Rome Telephone: 542 2277 Telex: 612 451 POSTGEN URI Fax: (6) 542 2264 and Viale Europe 147,00100 Rome Telephone: (6) 54601 Telex: 614000 GAB PT I

Telecommunications

Azienda di Stato per i Servizi Telefonici Viale Europe 160, 00100 Rome Telephone: (6) 54601 Telex: 610045 ASST I

ltalcable SpA Via Calabria 46, 00187 Rome Telephone: (6) 47701 Telex: 611146 ITCDG I Fax: (6) 679 9858

Societa Italiana Per L'Esercizio Telefonico pa (SIP) Via Flaminia 189, 00196 Rome Telephone: (6) 36881 Telex: 610467 SIPGEN I

Compagnia Generate Telemar Viale Tiziano 19, 00196 Rome Telephone: 396 1200 Telex: 572121 TELEMAR

Societa Italiana Radio Marittima Piazzale Guilio Bouhet 25, 00144 Rome Telephone: 591 0441 Telex: 610293 SIRM

Telespazio SpA Via Alberto Bergamini 50, 00159 Rome Telephone: (6) 439 0768 Telex: 610654

Telespazio holds the Italian monopoly for space telecommunications and is responsible for links with satellites from Intelsat, Eutelsat and Inmarsat.

Broadcasting

Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) Direction Generate, Viale Mazzini 14, I 00195 Rome Telephone: (6) 38781 Telex: 614432 RAI RM

Fininvest Group Television Division Via Rovani 2, 20132 Milan Telephone: (2) 216 21 Telex: 31697 CANL 5 I

196


Organization Date of Joining %Share ITU 1886 (10 units) Intelsat 1971 2.56 Eutelsat 1983 11.44556 Inmarsat 1979 1.03731

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Entelsat. Italy's first satellite, Sirio, was launched in 1977. Telespazio used it for many experiments in cooperation with several Italian entities including RAI and the Carriere della Sera newspaper for remote printing. On 24 March 1983 Sirio was moved from its initial position at 15° W, to a new site at 65° E where it was used jointly by the Italian and Chinese entities.

Telespazio has plans for an operational national system (Italsat), consisting of one satellite at 13° East, but it is unlikely to be launched before 1990. Meanwhile, Italy will use one of the two transponders on the ESA 's experimental Olympus satellite to provide broadcast television. A new organization, Satellite di Radiodiffusione Italiano (Sarit) has been set up to administer the Olympus transponder which should become available in 1988.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Fucino-1 A A1 17 August 1967 Intelsat Fucino-2 A 1P 24July 1970 Intelsat Fucino-3 A AP 18 April1980 Intelsat Fucino-4 c AP 14 January 1985 Intelsat Lario 1 A A2 19 January 1977 Intelsat Lario 2 A I1 7 March 1985 Intelsat Sicily A A1 1988 Intelsat Vicenza B AS 14 June 1985 Inmarsat Fucino CES January 1985

Jamaica

IVORY COAST


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications 01 Bolte Postale 8635, Abidjan 01, Abidjan Telephone: 34 73 15 Telex: 23550 MINIPOSTEL ABIDJAN

Ministere de l'Information Abidjan Telephone: 32 06 88 Telex: 23501 MININFO ABIDJAN

Telecommunications

Societe de Telecommunications Internationale de Ia Cote d'lvoire (lntelci) BP 1838, Abidjan OL Telephone: 32 49 85 Telex: 23790 INTELCI ABIDJAN

Office National des Telecommunications (ONT) 01 Bolte Postale 1838, Abidjan 01, Abidjan 17 Telephone: 34 60 00 Telex: 23790 ONT ABIDJAN

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne (RTI) Abidjan Telephone: 43 90 39 Telex: 22293 DIRETELE ABIDJAN


Organization ITU lntelsat

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location lntelsat Abidjan-1 Intelsat Abidjan-2


%Share 0.2544529 0.264921 1973

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational A1 10 August 1972 AP 5 November 1980

JAMAICA


Ministry of Public Utilities, Communications and Transport Telecommunications Services, Post Office Headquarters, PO Box 7000, Kingston Telephone: (809) 922 2400 Telex: 2133 POTELSKN JA

Post Office Telecommunications Services PO Box 700, Kingston Telephone: (809) 922 9430 Telex: 2133 POTELSKN JA

Telecommunications

Jamaica International Telecommunications Ltd (Jamintel) 15 North Street PO Box 138, Kingston Telephone: (809) 922 6031 Telex: 112 JAMINTEL JA

The Jamaica Telephone Co Ltd 47 Half Way Tree Road, PO Box 21, Kingston 5 Telephone: (809) 926 9700 Telex: 2184 TELCO JA

Broadcasting

Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation 5 South Odean Avenue, PO Box 100, Kingston 10 Telephone: (809) 926 5620

Radio Jamaica Ltd PO Box 23, 32 Lyndhurst Road, Kingston 5 Telephone: (809) 926 1100

197

Japan



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0636132 0.382145


System Location Intelsat Prospect Pen 1 Intelsat Prospect Pen 2

Antenna type A N

Date Coverage operational AI 15 December 1971 AS 10 December 1981

JAPAN


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications No 3-2 Kasumigaseki 1-chome, Chiyoda ku, Tokyo 100 Telephone: (3) 504 4757 Telex: J 29100

Telecommunications

Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd (KDD) 3-2 Nishi Shin juku 2-chome, Shin juku ku, Tokyo 160 Telephone: (3) 347 7111 Telex: J 22500

KDD is the Intelsat signatory and provides overseas telecommunications.

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) No 1-6 Uchisaiwai cho 1 chome, Chiyoda ku, Tokyo 100 Telephone: (3) 509 3256 Telex: 2225300 NIT HQ J

NIT is the public telecommunications corporation of Japan.

Space Administration

National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) 2-4-1 Hamamatsu-cho, Minato ku, Tokyo 105 Telephone: (3) 4356111 Telex: J 28424

Broadcasting

Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK) 2-2-1 Jinnan, Shibuya ku, Tokyo Telephone: (3) 456111 Telex: RADIO NHK J 22377

TV ASAHI 2-2 Oyodo-Minami, Oyodo, Osaka Telephone: (6) 458 5321 Telex: 63680

198

NTV (Nippon Television) 14 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102 Telephone: (3) 263 6008 Telex: 24723 Fax: (3) 265 2111

TV Tokyo (Channe112) 4-3-12 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105 Telephone: (3) 432 1212 Telex: 4321280 Fax: (3) 432 1407

TBS (Tokyo Broadcasting System) 5-3-6 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107 Telephone: (3) 580 311 Telex: 24883 Fax: (3) 582 5550

FUJI TV NETWORK INC. 3-1 KA WADA-CHO, ICHIGA YA, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO 162 Telephone: (3) 353 1111 Telex: 22560 Fax: (3) 358 8038




Satellite Manufacturers

Hitachi Ltd 1-23-2 Kanda Suda-cho, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 101 Telephone: (03) 212 1111

Mitsubishi Corporation (Melco)

%Share 7.6335877 3.330332 7.44036

Aerospace Department, 6/3 Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda ku, Tokyo 10091 Telephone: (03) 210 2121 Telex: 222275

NEC Corporation 33-1 Shiba 5 chome, Minato ku, Tokyo 108 Telephone: (03) 454111 Telex: NECTOK J 22686

Space Segment

Japan's space programme began when a meteorological satellite was launched on 14 July 1977 by NASA. Later that year the first communications satellite was launched, the CS-1A or ·sakura'. CS-lA and CS-18 were experimental satellites with a design life of three years. An experimental broadcasting satellite, 8SE, was launched in 1978.

In 1983 the next generation of two CS- spacecraft wa; launched to provide an operational service. Their main function is to provide telecommunications to Japan's many remote islands. When the CS-2 series ends in 1987/8. NASDA plans to continue with CS-3, also consisting of two spacecraft. CS-3A and CS-38 are planned to be launched in 1988.

In 1984, Japan launched its (and the world's) first operational direct broadcast satellite. 8S-2A or Yuri (after the Japanese word for 'lily'). The satellite has three transponders, two of which failed soon after launch. A second Yuri (8528) was launched in February 1986 and has worked much better.

Japan has several applications satellites: GMS-3 (launched 1984) for meteorology; EXOS-C (launched 1984) for space research; and MOS-1 (launched 1986) for marine observation.

When Japan's telecommunications sector was opened to competition in April 1985. it became possible for private entities to launch and operate communications satellites. The Japanese Satellite Communications Corporation (JSC) a joint venture of C. Itoh, Mitsui and Hughes, received approval from the Ministry of Telecommunications to offer basic communications services over a private system. The launches are scheduled for December 1987 and April 1988.

Japan has its own launch facilities which are operated by NASDA at Tanegashina.

CS-2A (Sakura-2A) Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band

132° E February 1983 NASDA 3 2

Ku-band 6 Antenna coverage: C-band

Ku-band /TV region Status Primary use Services

CS-2B (Sakura-2B) Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels: C-band

Ku-band Antenna coverage: C-band


All Japan Main island 3 NK Telephony Various communications

136° E August 1983 NASDA 3 2 6 All Japan Main island 3 NK Telephony Various communications

Japan

BS-2A (Yuri) Orbital position 110° E Launch date January 1984 Launcher NASDA Design life (years) 5 Number of channels: C-band 3

Ku-band -Antenna coverage: C-band All Japan

/TV region Status Primary use Services

BS-2B (Yuri)

Ku-band 3 Main Television NHK TV, Tokyo Various communications

Orbital position 110° E Launch date February 1986 Launcher NASDA Design life (years) 5 Number of channels: C-band 3

Ku-band -Antenna coverage: C-band



All Japan 3 Main Television NHK TV, Tokyo Various communications

System Location Antenna type


A PS 26 March 1968 Intelsat Ibaraki I Intelsat Ibaraki 2 Intelsat Ibaraki 3 Intelsat Okinawa Intelsat Yamaguchi 2 Intelsat Yamaguchi 3 Inmarsat Yamaguchi Inmarsat Ibaraki

A PS 21 September 1971 A 8 A A CES CES

PP 15 December 1983 PS 1986 IP 6 October 1980 II 14 February 1985

199

Jordan

JORDAN Government Department

Ministry of Communications Amman

Telecommunications

Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 1689, Amman Telephone: (6) 38301 Telex: 21221 JORTEL JO

Broadcasting

The Hashemite Kingdom Broadcasting Service PO Box 909, Amman

Jordan Television Corporation PO Box 1041, Amman


Organization ITU Intelsat Arabsat

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.1272264 0.298781


System Location Intelsat Baga-1 Intelsat Baga-2

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational 1P 28 December 1971 AP 30 August 1979

KAMPUCHEA


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Phnom Penh

The Ministry may be contacted via the Permanent Mission to ESCAP, 486 Thetsabarn Nimit Nua Road, Lard Yao, Bangkhan, Bangkok 9, Thailand Telex: 23008

Broadcasting

Voice of the People of Kampuchea 28 Av. Sandech Choun Nath, Phnom Penh

200


Organization ITU


Satellite and Earth Station Facilities

None.

%Share 0.1272264

Kiribati

KENYA


Ministry of Information and Broadcasting PO Box 30025, Nairobi

Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 30301, Nairobi Telephone: (2) 27401 Telex: 2245 DIRPOSTS Fax: (2) 330170

Telecommunications

Kenya External Telecommunications Company (Kenextel) PO Box 30301, Nairobi

Broadcasting

Voice of Kenya PO Box 30456, Harry Thuku Road, Nairobi Telephone: 334567 Telex: 22244



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Longonot -1 Intelsat Longonot-2


%Share 0.0636132 0.374390 1983

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational 1P 11 August 1970 AP 24 December 1980

KIRIBATI


Ministry of Communications PO Box 487, Betio Tarawa Telephone: Betio 610 (via Sydney)

Telecommunications

Telecommunications Headquarters Post Office, Bairiki Tarawa Telephone: Bairiki 007 (via Sydney) Telex: 24

Broadcasting

Radio Kiribati PO Box 78, Bairiki, Tarawa


None.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


Antenna System Location type Intelsat Bairiki B Intelsat Christmas Island B

Date Coverage operational PP 27 May 1985 PP 10 January 1981

201

Korea, PDR

KOREA,PDR


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Pyongyang Telephone: 36 344 Telex: 5214 MINPT KP.

Broadcasting

Korean Central Broadcasting Station Chason Chungan Pangsong. Korean Central Broadcasting Committee, Pyongyang




% Share 0.0636132

$13,000 plus additional contribution based on utlization of space segment

Space Segment



System Location Intelsat Pyongyang

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational 1 P 1 October 1985

KOREA


Ministry of Communications 84-4 Sejong-ro, Chrongro Ku, Seoul110 Telephone: (2) 750 2300 Telex: K 22099

Telecommunications

Korea Telecommunication Authority (KT A) [as for Ministry]

202

Broadcasting

Korean Broadcasting System 1-799 Yoido dong, Youngdungpo-gu. Seoul150 Telephone: (2) 7803 502 Telex: 24599

Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) 31, Yoido-dong. Youngdungpo-gu Telephone: (2) 724 2000 Telex: 22203



Space Segment

Date of Joining 1952 191\2 191\5


'lr Share 0.2544529 0. 720852 0.35064


System Inte1sat Intelsat Intelsat

Location Boeun-1 Boeun-2 Kum San

Kuwait

Amenna Date type Coverage operational A PP 28 March 1985 A II March 1988 A 1P 29 August 1977

KUWAIT


Ministry of Communications Kuwait Telephone: 819033 Telex: US PTT 22197 KT

Telecommunications

Mobile Telephone Systems Co (KSC) PO Box 22244, Safat Telephone: 24 55 222 Telex: 30444 HA TEF KT

Broadcasting

Kuwait Broadcasting and Television Service Ministry of Information. PO Box 193


Organization Date of Joining ITU 1959 Intelsat 1973 Inmarsat 1979 Arabsat 1976

%Share 0.2544529 0.989464 0.62240 8.2

Space Segment



System Location Intelsat Umm Al-Aish I Intelsat Umm Al-Aish 2 Intelsat Umm Al-Aish 3 InmarsatUmm Al-Aish 1 InmarsatUmm Al-Aish 2 Arabsat Umm Al-Aish 1

Antenna type A A A CES CES

Date Coverage operational A2 28 October 1969 AP 21 February 1977 1P l!June!981 AOR !OR

203

Laos

LAOS


Ministere des Transports et des Postes Avenue Lang Xang, Vientiane Telephone: 2740 Telex: 4491; 4492

Broadcasting

National Radio of Laos BP 310, Vientiane




%Share 0.1272264


Space Segment

Uses Intersputnik.


System Location Intersputnik Vientiane

LEBANON


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Directorate Generale des Telecommunications, Ave Sami El Solh, Beirut Telephone: 38 98 00 Telex: MIMI PT 23700 LE

Ministere de l'lnformation Beirut


Organization ITU lntelsat Arabsat

204


%Share 0.0636132 0.086501 6.3

Space Segment

Uses Arabsat and Intelsat.

Earth Stations

Lebanon has two Intelsat Standard A stations at Arbaniyeh but both were damaged on 7 May 1983 and are not in service. There are separate stations for Arabsat, Eutelsat and the UN.

Liberia

LESOTHO


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Maseru 100

Telecommunications

Lesotho Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 1037, Maseru 100 Telephone: (1) 324 211 Telex: 4236 LTCHQ LO

Broadcasting

Lesotho National Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 552, Maseru 100 Telephone: (1} 313 561 Telex: 340 BB


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Ha Sofonia


%Share 0.0318066

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational A2 23 February 1984

LIBERIA


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Monrovia Telephone: 222111 Telex: 4551 MINPOSTEL

Telecommunications

Liberia Telecommunications Corporation Telecommunications Building, Lynch Street, Mail Bag 9039, Monrovia Telephone: 222222 Telex: 4330 TELECOM 1

Broadcasting

Liberian Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 594, Monrovia


Organization ITU Inmarsat

Space Segment




System Intelsat Inmarsat

Location Sinkor Sinkor

Antenna type B CES

Coverage A1 AOR

%Share 0.0636132 0.10672

205

Libya

LIBYA


General Post and Telecommunications Company Tripoli Telephone: 605 406 Telex: 20000 BARIDAM L Y

Broadcasting

Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah Broadcasting Corporation Sharia El Fatah, PO Box 333, Tripoli




o/c Share 0.3816793 0.149600

18.2

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Arabsat.


System Location Intelsat Tripoli-2 Intelsat Tripoli-3

Antenna type A A

Date Col'erage operational AP 11 August 1980 1 P 29 August 1980

LIECHTENSTEIN


Regierung des Furstentums Liechteinstein, FL 9490 Vaduz 66317 Telephone: 77855 IPRDZ FL

Telecommunications

see Switzerland.

206



Space Segment


Uses Intelsat and Entelsat, via Switzerland.

o/c Share 0.1272264 0.05 0.05

Macao

LUXEMBOURG


Ministry of State Hotel de Bourgogne, 4 rue de la Congregation, L 1352 Luxembourg Telephone: 47 86 54 Telex: 2790

Telecommunications

Direction des Postes et Telecommunications Sa Avenue Monterey, L 2020 Luxembourg Telephone: 47651 Telex: 3540 GENTL LU Fax: (35) 2 475110

Broadcasting

Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Telediffusion (CLT) L 2828 Luxembourg Telephone: 47661 Telex: 3453 TELE LU

Satellite Operator

Societe Europeene des Satellites (SES) 63 Avenue de la Liberte, L-1017 Luxembourg Telephone: 49 94 711 Telex: 60229 SES AT LU Fax:499471219


Ministerio dos Comunica~oes Macau

Direc~ao dos Servi~os de Correios e Telecomunica~oes Largo do Senado, Macau Telephone: 574 991 Telex: 88230 CTTMA OM



Space Segment


%Share 0.1272264 0.05 0.21934

In the mid-1980s a US-inspired project, Coronet, was set up to use Luxembourg's state resources to operate a Europewide telecommunications satellite to distribute TV to cable systems. That project was eventually cancelled to be replaced by SES on broadly similar lines. SES will use an RCA satellite, called Astra, to be launched in 1988 into an orbital slot of 19° E.


SES is building an earth station at Betzdorf to provide TT &C and uplink facilities for Astra.

MACAO

Telecommunications

Companhia de Telecomunicacoes de Macau (Telemac) PO Box 868, Macau Telephone: 578000 Telex: 88399 TMMAC OM

207

Madagascar

Broadcasting

Emissora de Radiodifusao de Macau rua Francisco, Xavier Pereira 157-a, Macau Telephone: 7534

Membership of International Organizations:

via Portugal.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Macau

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational lP 2May1984

MADAGASCAR


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Antananarivo Telephone: 26121 Telex: 22250 MIN PTT MG

Telecommunications

Societe des Telecommunications Internationales de Ia Republique Malagasy (Stimad) BP 763, Antananarivo Telephone: 22402 Telex: 22398

Broadcasting

Madagascar Radio and Television PO Box 442, Antananarivo



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



Antenna

o/c Share 0.0636132 0.05

System Location type Date

Coverage operational Intelsat Philibert Tsiranana A 1P 23 March 1972

MALAWI


Ministry of Transport and Communications PB 322, Lilongwe 3 Telephone: 730 122 Telex: 4736

Telecommunications

Postmaster General PO Box No 537, Blantyre Telephone: 620 977 Telex: 4100 POST GEN MI, 4422 POSTSERVMI

208

Broadcasting

Malawi Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 30133, Chichiri, Blantyre 3




o/c Share 0.0318066 0.05

Space Segment

Malawi makes occasional use of Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Kanjedza-1 Intelsat Kanjedza-2

Antenna type B A

Maldives

Date Coverage operational 1P 3 December 1976 AP 25 February 1981

MALAYSIA


Jabatan Telekom Malaysia (JTM) Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts, Wisma Damansara, Jalan, Semantan 50668 Kuala Lumpur Telephone: (03) 255 6687 Telex: ENTEP MA 30777

Telecommunications

Jabatan Telikom c/o Bukit Mankamah, Kuala Lumpur 05 01 Telephone: (03) 22 94 94 Telex: GENTEL MA 90000, 90048 Fax: (3) 755 7316

Broadcasting

Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) Department of Broadcasting, Angkasapuri, Kuala Lumpur 2210 Telephone: (3) 44 5333 Telex: 31383 (TV); 30283 (radio)

Britarafon Sdn Bhd c/o PO Box 10233, Kuala Lumpur 01 02 Telephone: (3) 248 2470 Telex: MA 31167



Space Segment


%Share 0.7633587 0.682881

Malaysia uses Intelsat and Palapa. Perumtel leased an Intelsat transponder from 1975 to 1980, until it got access to Palapa.


System Location Intelsat Kuantan lntelsat Melaka Palapa Kuantan Palapa Kota Kinabula

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational PP 16 March 1970 1 P 28 August 1980

MALDIVES


Department of Information and Broadcasting Ghaazee Building, Male 2005 Telephone: 2252 Telex: 66085

Department of Posts and Telecommunications Marine Drive, Male 2002 Telephone: 3344 Telex: 66005 TELECOM MF

Telecommunications

Cable and Wireless Ltd Male Telephone: 2805 Telex: 66000 CW MALE MF

209

Mali

Broadcasting

Voice of Maldives 'Moonlight Higun', Male Telephone: 2841


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0318066

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Maldives

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational 1P 9June1977

MALI


Office des Postes et Teh~communications de Ia Republique de Mali Bamako Telephone: 222235 Telex: 993 OFI POSTELEX BAMAKO

Telecommunications

Societe de Telecommunications Internationales du Mali (TIM) BP 273, Bamako Telephone: 2259 33

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Nationale du Mali BP 171, Bamako


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0318066 0.086374 Intelsat

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Sullymanbougoul 1 Intelsat Sullymanbougoul 2 Intelsat Sullymanbougoul 3

1976

Antenna type B B A

Date Coverage operational A1 15 December 1976 AP 19 September 1977 A1 1986

MALTA


Office of the Prime Minister Auberge de Castille, Valletta Telephone: 25 231

Ministry for Parastatal and People's Investments Lascaris, Valletta Telephone: 24411 Telex: (406) 1108 PARMIN MT; (406) 1108 P ARMIN MT

210

Telecommunications

Telemalta Corporation Spencer Hill, Marsa Telephone: 60 77 70 Telex: (406) 1286 TMFON MW, (406) 1311 PTGMMW

Broadcasting

Malta Broadcasting Authority Attard Buildings, National Road, Blata I Bajda

Xandir Malta PO Box 82, Gwardamanga Telephone: 25051 Telex: (406) 1443 XANDIR MW


Organization ITU Eutelsat


%Share 0.0636132 0.05

Mauritania

Space Facilities

Malta has no facilities at present and does not use Intelsat or Eutelsat. However, an Intelsat Standard B station is being built to access the Atlantic path.

MAURITANIA


Office des Postes et Telecommunications de Ia Republique lslamique de Mauritanie Nouakchott Telephone: 52340 Telex: 600 MTN

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Nationale de Ia Republique Islamique de Mauritanie BP 200, Nouakchott




%Share 0.0636132 0.05 0.02

Space Segment



System Location Intelsat Toujounine

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 24 October 1985

211

Mauritius

MAURITIUS

Government Department~

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Edith Cabell Street, Port Louis

Telecommunications Department Edith Cabell Street, Port Louis Telephone: 082 001 Telex: 4000 DIRTEL IW

Telecommunications

Cable & Wireless pic Mercury House, Cassis, PO Box 44, Port Louis Telephone: 080221 Telex: 4203


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0636132

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Cassis

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational 1P 8 December 1975

MEXICO


Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transport Direccion General de Telecomunicaciones, Depart de Asuntos Internacionales, Avenue Lazaro Cardenas 567, Mexico 03028 DC Telephone: (5) 658 4352 Telex: 177 3980 DAITME

Telecommunications

Telefonos de Mexico SA Parque Via 198, Mexico 5, DF Telephone: 1771233 TELME Telex: 1771233

Broadcasting

Camara Nacional de Ia Industria de Radio y Television Paseo de Ia Reforma 445,9° piso, Mexico 5

212

Departamento de Informacion y Estadistica Guanajuato No 125, 7° piso, Mexico 7

Televisa SA Av. Chapultepec 18, Mexico 7 DF Telephone: 585 3333




%Share 0.2544529 1.818184

Space Segment

Mexico has its own national space system (Morelos) and also uses Intelsat. Until Morelos became operational in 1986, Mexico leased capacity on both Intelsat and Westar.

The Morelos system (named after a hero of Mexican independence) consists of two satellites, one operational and one in-orbit spare. Additional spacecraft are planned. A key feature of the system is the large number of earth stations (up to 6,000).

Morelos-1 (SMS) Manufacturer Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Frequency band Number of channels C-band

Ku-band TWT A power (Watts) C-band

Ku-band Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use Services

Hughes (376) 113SW June 1985 NASA 10 4/6 GHz; 12/14 GHz 12 4 7 20 Central America 2 Main Telephony/TV 12 XEW-TV, Mexico City 14 XHITM-TV, Mexico

City 22 XHDF-TV, Mexico City 24 XETV, Tijuana/San

Diego

Morelos-2 (SMS) Manufacturer Orbital position Launch date Launcher Frequency band Number of channels C-band

Ku-band TWTA power (Watts) C-band

Ku-band ITU region Status Primary use


Hughes (376) 116SW November 1985 NASA 4/6 GHz, 12/14 GHz 12 4 7 20 2 In-orbit space Telephony

Monaco


Location Antenna type


Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat

El Triunfo Industrial

Hermosillo Iztapalapa-5 Tulancingo-1 Tulancingo-2

A B

B A A

PP June 1986 AS 15 May 1986

AS 15 May 1986 Al 13 January 1969 AP 9 January 1981

MONACO


Direction Generale des Postes et Telecommunications 16 Boulevard de Suisse, Monte Carlo 98030 Telephone: (93) 30 33 71 Telex: 469796 GENTEL CARLO

Broadcasting

Radio Tele Monte Carlo 16 Boulevard Princesse Charlotte, BP 128, Monte Carlo Telephone: (93) 50 5252 Telex: 469926 RADIO CARLO




%Share 0.0636132 0.05 0.05

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Eutelsat.


None.

213

Mongolia

MONGOLIA


Ministry of Communications Ulan Bator Telephone: 22 145

Broadcasting

Ulan Bator Radio State Committee for Information, PO Box 365, Ulan Bator



Space Segment

Uses Intersputnik.


% Share 0.0636132


MOROCCO


Ministere des Postes et des Telecommunications Direction des Telecommunications, Boulevard Moulay AI Hassan, Rabat Telephone: (7) 62091 Telex: GENTEL B 31001 M; GENTEL C 31948 M

Ministere de I'Information Rabat Telephone: (7) 64871 Telex: RADIO MAR 31010 M

Telecommunications

Office National des Postes et Telecommunications c/o Direction des Telecommunications, Boulevard Moulay AI Hassan, Rabat Telephone: (7) 62091 Telex: GENTEL B 31001 M; GENTEL C 31948 M

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Television Marocaine (RTM) 1 rue el Brihi, BP 1042, Rabat Telephone: (7) 648 71 Telex: RADIO MAR 31010 M

214



Space Segment


%Share 0.2544529 0.257424 0.05

Uses Intelsat and Arabsat. Leases an Intelsat transponder for domestic use.


System Location Intelsat Sehouls Arabsat Eutelsat

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 29 December 1969

Nauru

MOZAMBIQUE


Ministerio dos Correios, Telecomunica.;oes e A viacao Maputo Telephone: 74 31 31 Telex: 6595 MCTAC MO

Telecommunications

Telecomunica.;oes de Mo.;ambique CP 25, Maputo Telephone: 27590 Telex: 6509 DGTDM MO

Broadcasting

Radio Mo.;ambique CP 2000, Maputo Telephone: 34041/7 Telex: 0992 6340 MORADIO


Organization ITU

Space Segment


%Share 0.0636132

Uses an Intelsat lease for domestic service and occasional international use.


System Location Intelsat Boane

Antenna t)pe A

Date Coverage operational AP 13 September 1974

NAURU


Director of Telecommunications Republic of Nauru Telephone: 3324 Telex: NRU IMC ZV 33086

Broadcasting

Nauru Broadcasting Service Nauru Telephone: 582


Organization ITU


%Share 0.318066

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Nauru

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational PP 16 December 1975

215

Nepal

NEPAL


Ministry of Communications Singha Our bar, Kathmandu Telephone: 214134

Department of Broadcasting His Majesty's Government of Nepal, PO Box 634, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu

Telecommunications

Nepal Telecommunications Corporation Singh a Durbar, Kathmandu Telephone: 215444 Telex: NP 201 TELCOM

Broadcasting

Radio Nepal PO Box 634, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu Telephone: 410732


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Sagarmatha


%Share 0.0318066

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational IP 13 October 1982

NETHERLANDS


Ministerie van Welzijn Volksgezondheid en Cultuur (Ministry of Welfare, Public Health and Culture) Steevoordelaan 3/10, 2284 EH Rijswijk Telephone: (70) 94 92 33 Telex: 316880

Telecommunications

Department of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones (PTT) BP 30000, 2500 GA The Hague Telephone: (70) 43 43 43 Fax: (70) 43 32 93

Staatsbedrijf der Posterijan, Telegraphic en Telefonic (PTT) PTT Centrale Directie, Headquarters, Kortenaerkade 12, 2518 AX The Hague Telephone: (70) 75 91 11 Telex: 31111

216

Direction des Lignes a Grande Distance et des Liaisons Radioelectriques Berkenweg, 3818 Ia Amersfoort Telephone: 69 91 11 Telex: 79467 DKRUS NL

Radio Holland BV Jan Rebelstraat 20, 1007 AB Amsterdam Osdorp Telephone: 101972 Telex: 13166 RHOL NL

Space

Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes (NIVR) PO Box 35, Kluyverweg 1, 2600 AA Delft Telephone: (15) 78 80 25 Telex: 3890

Broadcasting

Nederlands Omroep Stichting (NOS) PO Box 10, 1200 JB Hilversum Telephone: (35) 77 91 11 or 28 11 10 Telex: 43479,43189 NOSAZNL

Stichting Radio Netherland Wereldomroep, PO Box 222, 1200 JG Hilversum Telephone: 16151 Telex: 43336 WOMR NL



%Share 2.5445292 1.128008 2.56013 5.45359

New Zealand

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat. There are no plans for a national system.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Burum-1 A AP 7 August Intelsat Burum-2 A A1 23 June 1978 Intelsat Burum-3 A IP 3 October 1984 Intelsat Burum-4 A II 8 January 1985 Inmarsat CES Eutelsat

NEW ZEALAND


Post Office Headquarters Wellington Telephone: (4) 73 8444 Telex: GENTEL NZ 3381 Fax: (4) 731399

Telecommunications

Telecom Corporation of New Zealand 7-27 Waterloo Quay, Wellington Telephone: ( 4) 73 84 44

Broadcasting

Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand Bowen State Building, Bowen Street, PO Box 98, Wellington Telephone: 721777 Telex: NZ 31031




%Share 0.5089058 0.402584 0.11216

Space Segment



Alllenna System Location type Intelsat Arrival Heights B Intelsat Chatham HeightsB Intelsat Rangiora B Intelsat Warkworth-1 A Intelsat Warkworth-2 A Intelsat Wellington B Inmarsat

Date Coverage operational PS February 1988 PS December 1987 P 3 March 1986 PP 15June1971 PP 2 October 1984 P 3 March 1986

217

Nicaragua

NICARAGUA


Direcci6n General de Telecomunicaciones y Correos de Nicaragua Apartado de Correos 232, Managua Telephone: (2) 7 1134 Telex: 2248

Telecommunications

Empresa Nicaraguense de Telecomunicaciones (Enitel) Apartado postel2664, Managua Telephone: 51812 Telex: 1458

Broadcasting

Direccion de Medios de Comunicacion Apartado 209, Managua Telephone: 24823

Satellite Operator

Nicatelsat Compafifa Nicaraguense de Telecomunicaciones por Sate lite ( CNTS), Apart ado de Correos 4567, Managua Telephone: (2) 25737 Telex: 2448


Organization ITU Intelsat Comtelca Inca tel

Space Segment


%Share 0.1272264 0.05



System Location Intelsat Managua Intersputnik Managua

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational A1 28 November 1972

NIGER


Ministere des Postes et Telecommunications Niamey Telephone: 72 25 97 Telex: 5209 OSPOSTEL NI

Telecommunications

Office des Postes et Telecommunications Nianey Telephone: 72 2000 Telex: 5209 OFPOSTEL

218

Broadcasting

Office de Radiodiffusion Television du Niger (ORTN) BP 361, Niamey Telephone: 72 22 72




%Share 0.0318066 0.05

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat for leased capacity (domestic) and occasional use (international).


System Location Intelsat Gondel Intelsat Karma

Antenna type B A


Norway

1P 19 September 1977 Al 28 October 1981

NIGERIA


Ministry of Communications Private Mail Bag No 12655, GPO Marina, Lagos Telephone: 655055 Telex: 21065 TRAFCON NG

Telecommunications

Nigerian Telecommunications Ltd (NITEL) Necom House 15, Marina, PO Box 173, Private Mail Bag No. 12742, Lagos Telephone: (1) 65 9666

Nigerian External Telecommunications (NET) Private Mail Bag PO No 12742, Necom House 15, Marina, Box 173, Lagos Telephone: (1)659666 Telex: 11001 NETADNG

Broadcasting

Nigerian Television Authority 15 Awolowo Road, SW Ikoyi, PMB 12036, Lagos Telephone: 614916 or 614966



Space Segment


%Share 0.5089058 1.230844

Uses Intelsat, including three transponders leased for domestic services. No immediate plans for a national system although the government has registered three orbital slots: 20°E, 16°E, 14°E.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Enugu-2 A A2 1986 Intelsat Kujama A A1 16 November 1982 Intelsat Lanlate-1 A 1P 26 March 1971 Intelsat Lanlate-2 A AP 15 January 1976

NORWAY


Ministry of Communications PO Box 8010 Dep, N Oslo 1 Telephone: (2) 11 90 90 Telex: 17498 SDEP N

Telecommunications

Norwegian Telecommunications Administration (Televerket) PO Box 6701, St Olavs Plass, N Oslo 1 Telephone: 48 89 90 Telex: 71203 GENTL N Fax: (2) 488720

219

Oman

Broadcasting

Norsk Rikskringkasting (NRK) Bjornstjerns, Bjornsons Plass 1, Oslo 3 Telephone: (2) 46 98 60 Telex: 76820 RRUTL N Fax: (2) 457176; (2) 457177



Space Segment

Date of Joining 1866 1973 1979 1984

%Share 1.2722646 0.382246

14.24488 2.50247

Norway uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat. It has leased a half-beam Intelsat transponder since 1976 to service oil platforms in the North Sea. The service is called Norsat. It has been a member of several joint Nordic projects for a Nordic satellite system. It is currently involved with Sweden's Tele-X project, as is Finland. Tele-X is scheduled to be launched in 1988.


For Intelsat, Norway uses the joint Nordic station in Sweden for international traffic and its own station at Eik for the Norsat service.

For Inmarsat, it has used the joint Nordic coast earth station (CES) at Eik in Norway since February 1982. It operated in the Atlantic Ocean region until February 1983. In accordance with a joint agreement with the UK, the Eik CES then handled traffic in the Indian Ocean region while Goonhilly (UK) carried the Atlantic Ocean region traffic. There is also an agreement with Telecom Singapore for the use of their CES in the Pacific Ocean region. This tripartite agreement makes it possible to offer customers global coverage at reasonable charges.

For Eutelsat (F-2), Norway is building ground stations in Nittedal and Stavanger.

OMAN


Ministry of Information and Youth Affairs PO Box 600, Muscat Telephone: Telex: MB 3265

Ministry of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones PO Box 3338, Ruwi, Muscat Telephone: 70 38 7Q Telex: 5625 MIN PTT ON

Telecommunications

General Telecommunications Organisation PO Box 3789, Muscat Telephone: 69 78 82 Telex: 3400 GENTEL MB

Broadcasting

Oman Television PO Box 600, Muscat Telephone: 603 222 Telex: 3454

220


Organization Date of Joining %Share ITU 1972 0.1273264 Intelsat 1975 0.509837 Inmarsat 1980 0.05 Arabsat 1976 0.6

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, including a leased transponder, Inmarsat and Arabsat.


System Location Intelsat AI Hajar Intelsat Masirah Inmarsat AI Hajar Arabsat AI Hajar

Antenna type A B CES

Date Coverage operational lP 24 June 1976 lP lOR

Panama

PAKISTAN


Ministry of Communications Telegraph and Telephone Department, Islamabad Telephone: 43910 Telex: 5824 DGIBA PK

Broadcasting

Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting House, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad Telephone: 66338 Telex: RP 883




%Share 0.5089058 0.393 0.05

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Inmarsat. There are plans for a national satellite system, with two spacecraft at 38°E and 4l 0 E providing K-band service.



Location Deh Mandro 1 Deh Mandro 2 Mallach

Antenna type A B A

Date Coverage operational 1P 4 October 1972 AS 14 June 1984 11 May 1986

PANAMA


Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicaciones Apartado Postal9A-659, Panama 9A Telephone: 64 2117 Telex: 2920 GER INTL PG Fax: 64 57 43

Departamento de Telecomunicaciones Maritimas Apartado Postal5245, Panama 5 Telephone: 271166 Telex: 2537,2597,2718SECNAVESPG

Broadcasting

Asociacion Panamena de Radiodifusion Apartado 7387, Panama

Direccion Nacional de Medios de Comunicacion Social Apartado 3422, Panama 1



Space Segment


%Share 0.1272264 0.05

Uses Intelsat. May participate in a regional system.


System Location Intelsat U tibe-1 Intelsat Utibe-2

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational A2 7 September 1968 AP 20 April1981

221

Papua New Guinea

PAPUA NEW GUINEA


Posts and Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 1349, Boroko Telephone: 27 4111 Telex: PNGXTEL NE 22254

Broadcasting

National Broadcasting Commission PO Box 1359, Boroko




%Share 0.1272264 0.05

Space Segment

Uses lntelsat and Aussat.


System Location Intelsat Port Moresby-1 Intelsat Port Moresby-2

Antenna type B A

Date Coverage operational PP 12 March 1985 pp 1989

PARAGUAY


Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones Asuncion

Telecommunications

Administracion Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Antelco) Casilla Correo 2042, Asuncion Telephone: 21 94 216 Telex: 412 PY DAI ANTELCO

Instituto Paraguyo de Telecomunicaciones E. Victor Haedo y Harnandarias, Casilla Correo 1047, Asuncion Telephone: 93219 Telex: 245 PY lPT

Administracion Nacional de Telecomunicaciones Administracion General, Casil\a Correo 84, Asuncion Telephone: 44001

222

Broadcasting

Teledifusora Paraguaya SA PO Box 247,993 Ascuncion Telephone: 32823 Telex: 5109 PY

Television Cerro Cora Avenida Carlos Antonio Lopez 572, Ascunci6n Telephone: 84222 Telex: 370 PX

Philippines

PERU


Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones Direcci6n General de Telecomunicaciones, Av. 28 de Julio No 800, Lima Telephone: (14) 31 92 06; 23 07 52 Telex: 25511 DIGECOM PE

Telecommunications

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) Las Begonias No 475, San Isidro, Lima 27 Telephone: (14) 424300 Telex: 25522

Broadcasting

Empresa Nacional de Radiodifusion (Enrad) Oficina Central de Informaciones, Jose Galvez 1040, Lima Telephone: 71 53 83


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0636132 0.748993 Intelsat 1973

A seta Cite!

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, including a lease since 1978.



Antenna Location type Lurin-1 A Miguel Colina Marie A Morro Solar B

Date Coverage operational AP 3 July 1969 A1 2 August 1984 A 1986

PHILIPPINES


Ministry of Transport and Communications Corner of Panay Avenue and Scout Reyes Streete, Quezon City Telephone: (2) 981160 Telex: 63912 NTC PN

Telecommunications

Capitol Wireless Inc. 106 Alvarado Street, Legaspi Village, Box 776 MCC, Makati Metro Manila Telephone: (2) 818 05 11 Telex: 4899 CWI HQ PS

Eastern Telecommunications Philippines Electra House, 115 Esteban Street, Legaspi Village, Box 126 MCC, Makati Metro Manila Telephone: (2) 816 0001 Telex: 63322 ET PIR M PN

Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corporation ITT Building, United Nations Avenue, PO Box 770, Manila RP 2801, Ermita Metro Manila Telephone: (2) 506081 Telex: ITT 40005 PM GM CR

National Telecommunications Commission David Gutierrez Building, Scout Reyes Corner, Panay Ave, Quezon City 3008 Telephone: (2) 98 11 60

Philippine Global Communications Inc. 8755 Paseo de Roxas, CC Box 960, Makati Metro Manila 3117 Telephone: (2) 87 99 71 Telex: 2222 ENG PH

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company PLDT Building, Legaspi Village, Box 952 MCC, Makati Metro Manila Telephone: 890423 Telex: 3576 PLD PH

Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 106 Alvarado Street, Legaspi Village, Makati Metro Manila Telephone: 8180511 Telex: (758) 2217 PTT HQ PU

223

Poland

Broadcasting

GTV-4 Bohol Avenue, Quezon

Channe17 RBS Building, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, Diliman, Quezon




%Share 1.4 0.644842 0.09960

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Palapa (leased capacity).


System Location Intelsat Pinugay-1 Intelsat Pinugay-2 Inmarsat

Antenna Date type Coverage operational A PP 28 April1968 A lP 6December1971

POLAND


Ministerstwo Lacznosci Department Sluzby Telekomunikacyjnej, 00940 Warsaw Telephone: (22) 26 10 71 Telex: 813362 A ML PL

Telecommunications

Glowny Urzad Telekomunikacji Barbary 2, 00686 Warsaw Telephone: (22) 2123 74 Telex: 813598

Broadcasting

Polskie Radio i Telewizja ul. Woronicza 17, 00950 Warsaw Telephone: 44 32 51 Telex: 81533


Organization ITU Inmarsat lntersputnik

224


%Share 0.5089058 0.51869

$13,000 plus additional contribution based on utilization of the space segment

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Intersputnik and Inmarsat.


System Location Intelsat Psary Intersputnik Psary Inmarsat

Antenna type A

CES

Date Coverage operational AP 6 October 1982

Portugal

PORTUGAL


Conselho de Administra.;ao de Correios e Telecomunica.;oes de Portugal (CTP) Rua de San Jose 20, 1100 Lisbon Telephone: (1) 370051 Telex: 13351 Fax: (1) 32 09 36

Telecommunications

Direc.;ao Geral Telecomunica.;oes Edificio as Telecomunicacoes, Rua do Conde de Redondo 79, 1192 Lisbon Bodex Telephone: (1) 57 40 30 Telex: 12520 GENTLS P, 14050 INTELXP

Companhia Portuguese Radio Marconi (CPRM) Apartado 2778, 1119 Lisbon Codex Telephone: (1) 52 41 91 Telex: 12384 CPRM P Fax: (1) 54 12 58

Serna Electronicas - Sociedade de Electronics Maritima e Aeronautics SARL Avenide 24 de Julho No 60, Lisbon 2 Telephone: (1) 67 60 87

Broadcasting

Radiodifusao Portuguesa E P A venida Duarte Pacheco 5, 1000 Lisbon Telephone: (1) 65 40 41 Telex: 12538 RDP P

Radiodifusao Portuguesa EP (RTP) Avenida 5 de Outubro 197, 1097 Lisbon CODEX Telephone: (1) 73 17 74 Telex: 14527 RTP P


Organization Date of Joining %Share ITU 1866 0.2544529 Intelsat 1973 0.682498 Inmarsat 1979 0.09619 Eutelsat 1982 3.05082

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat.


System Location Intelsat Cintra-1 Intelsat Cintra-3

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational AP 16 May 1974 lP 21 July 1983

225

Qatar


Secretary of State for Communications and Transport PO Box 3416, Doha Telephone: 425 851 Telex: 4468 GENTEL DH

Telecommunications

Telecommunications Department PO Box 2633, Doha Telephone: 424 031 Telex: 4468 GENTEL DH

Qatar National Telephone Service (QNTS) PO Box 14, Doha Telephone: 22341 Telex: 4013

Broadcasting

Qatar Television and Broadcasting Service (QBS) Ministry of Information, PO Box 1414 Telephone: 864 111 Telex: 4229

QATAR

Qatar Television PO Box 1836, Doha Telephone: 864 575 Telex: 4040 TEE VEE DH



Space Segment


%Share 0.1272264 0.324020 5.0



System Intelsat Intelsat Arabsat

Location Doha-1 Doha-2 Doha-3

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational 1P 10 March 1976 A2 17 October 1984

ROMANIA


Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications B-Dul Dinicu Golescu 38, 77113 Bucharest Telephone: 401737 Telex: 10633 DCI R

Telecommunications

Department of Posts and Telecommunications B-Dul Dinicu Golescu 38, 77113 Bucharest Telephone: 182366 Telex: 11372

226

Broadcasting

Radioteleviziunea Romana PO Box 111,60-62 Str. Nuferilor, Bucharest Telephone: 793290 Telex: 11251



Space Segment


uses Intelsat and Intersputnik.

%Share 0.1272264



System Location Intelsat Cheia-1 Intelsat Cheia-2 Intersputnik Cheia-3

Antenna type A A


Rwanda

AP 14 February 1977 IP 18 December 1979

RWANDA


Minstere des Postes et des Communications BP 270, Kigali Telephone: 5304

Telecommunications

Le Directeur General des Telecommunications BP 1332, Kigali Telephone: 6777 Telex: 573

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion de Ia Republique Rwandaise PB 83, Kigali Telephone: 5665 Telex: ORINFOR 557


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0318066


System Location Intelsat Kicukiro

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational lP 18 March 1982

227

St Lucia

STLUCIA


Ministry of Communications and Works Castries Telephone: 281

Telecommunications

Cable and Wireless (West Indies) Ltd The Voice Building, Bridge Street, PO Box 111, Castries Telephone: 2201 Telex: WB 311

Broadcasting

St Lucia Broadcasting Corporation Morne Fortune, PO Box 660, Castries


None.

Space Segment

None.


Uses the Intelsat A station in Barbados.

SAN MARINO


Direzione Generale Poste e Telecomunicazione San Marino Telephone: 541 991 349


Organization ITU Eutelsat

228


%Share 0.0636132 0.05

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Eutelsat via Telespazio (Italy).


None. Uses Telespazio (Italy.)

Saudi Arabia

SAO TOME E PRINCIPE


Direccao dos Correos e Telecomunica~;oes de Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe CP 141, Sao Tome Telephone: 212 22500

Telecommunications

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunica~;oes (Enatel) CP 141, Sao Tome Telephone: 212 22500 Telex: 233

Broadcasting

Radio Nacional de Sao Tome et Principe Avenida Marginal12 de Julho, CP 44, Sao Tome Telephone: 212 22875 Telex: 217 RADIO ST


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat San Marcal


Antenna Date

%Share 0.0318066

type Coverage operational B AP 21 October 1980

SAUDI ARABIA


Ministry of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones Riyadh Telephone: (1) 40 21550 Telex: 201220 PTT SJ Fax: (1) 476 6752

Broadcasting

Saudi Arabian Broadcasting Service PO Box 570, Riyadh

Satellites

Arab Satellite Communications Organization (ASCO) PO Box 1038, Riyadh Telephone: 4646666 Telex: 201300 ARABSAT


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat Arabsat

Date of Joining 1949 1973 1983 1976

%Share 2.5445292 3.106999 0.55668

26.6

229

Senegal

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Arabsat. An Intelsat lease provides domestic services. Saudi Arabio has plans for two Ku-band satellites (SAB5) located at 17° East. However, the plans remain tentative.


System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat

Location Jeddah-4 Jeddah-5 Riyadh- I Riyadh-4 Taif

Inmarsat Arabsat Riyadh Arabsat Jeddah

Antenna type A A A A A CES

Date Coverage operational AI 1986 11 June 1986 lP 29 October 1975 A2 29 February 1980 AP 22 March 1976

SENEGAL


Ministere de I' Information et des Telecommunications Dakar Telephone: 2310 65 Telex: 263 MINIMFOPT SG

Telecommunications

Office des Postes et Telecommunications Dakar Telephone: 23 1015 Telex: 3257 OFIPOST SG

Societe Nationale de Telecommunications (SON A TEL) BP 69, Dakar Telephone: 214242 Telex: 950 TELESEN SG, 1296 TELESEN SG Fax: 22 14 92

Broadcasting

Office de Radiodiffusion-Television du Senegal 58 Boulevard de Ia Republique, or BP 1765, Dakar Telephone: 21 56 89 Telex: 634 SG



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Gandoul


%Share 0.2544529 0.05 1973

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 7 March 1972

SEYCHELLES


Ministry of Education and Information PO Box 321, Union Vale, Mahe Telephone: 22541 Telex: 2305 MINED SZ

230

Telecommunications

Cable and Wireless pic Mercury House, Victoria Road, PO Box 4, Mahe Telephone: 22 221 Telex: 2210 CWEXEC

Broadcasting

Radio Television Seychelles Box 321, Union Vale, Victoria, Mahe Telephone: 22541 Telex: 2320 SAP SZ


None.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Bon Espoir

Antenna type B

Singapore

Date Coverage operational IP 27 June 1976

SIERRA LEONE


General Post Office Freetown Telephone: 23333 Telex: 3485 GENTEL SL

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Lightfoot Boston Street, Freetown Telephone: 40597

Telecommunications

Sierra Leone External Telecommunications Ltd PO Box 80, Freetown Telephone: 22804

Broadcasting

Sierra Leone Television Freetown Telephone: 40597


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Wilberforce-! Intelsat Wilberforce-2


%Share 0.1318066

Antenna type A B

Date Coverage operational Al December 1987 A1 10 August 1979

SINGAPORE


Telecom Authority of Singapore (Telecoms) Comcentre, 31 Exeter Road, Singapore 0923 Telephone: 7343344 Telex: RS 33311 Fax: 732 84 28

Broadcasting

Singapore Broadcasting Corporation Caldecott Hill, Thomson Road, Singapore 1129

231

Solomon Islands


Organization ITU Intelsat Inmarsat ASEAN

Space Segment

Date of Joining 1965 1973 1979 1967

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Palapa.

%Share 0.2544529 1.4 2.27367



Location BukitTimah Sentosa-1 Sentosa-2

Inmarsat Singapore Palapa

Antenna type A A A CES

Date Coverage operational 1 P 28 March 1986 1P 10 August 1971 PP 9July1974 POR 1 November 1982

October 1983

SOLOMON ISLANDS


Ministry of Transport and Communications Posts and Telecommunications Division, General Post Dakar Telephone: 23 10 65 Telex: 263 MININFOPT SG

Telecommunications

Solomon Islands International Telecommunications Ltd (Soltel) PO Box 148, Honiara Telephone: 21576 Telex: 66301 SOL TEL

Broadcasting

Solomon Island Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 654, Honiara Telephone: 20051 Telex: HQ66406


None.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location lntelsat Honiara

Antenna type B

Coverage pp

Date operational 13 December 1978

SOMALIA


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Mogadishu Telephone: 29005 Telex: 754 MINPOSTEL SM

232

Telecommunications

The Director General of Posts and Telecommunications Mogadishu Telephone: 24 001 Telex: 754

Broadcasting

Somali Broadcasting Service Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Private Postbag, Mogadishu Telephone: 2455




%Share 0.0318066 0.05 0.3

Space Segment



System Location Intelsat Kaaraan

Antenna type B

South Africa

Date Coverage operational lP 1 October 1979

SOUTH AFRICA


Department of Foreign Affairs and Information Union Buildings 60A, Pretoria 0002

Postmaster General Telecommunications Commercial Division, Private Bag X74, Pretoria 0001 Telephone: ( 12) 293 2111 Telex: 322889

Broadcasting

South African Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting Centre, PO Box 8606, Johannesburg 2000 Telephone: (11) 7140111 Telex: 424116 SA




%Share 1.271510 0.2544529

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Pretoria-! Intelsat Pretoria-2 Intelsat Pretoria-3

Antenna Date type Coverage operational A AP 2 December 1975 A lP 19 March 1976 A A2 14 December 1979

233

Spain

SPAIN


Ministerio de Transportes, Turismo y Comunicaciones Gabinete de Ordenacion de las Telecomunicaciones, Calle de Alcala 54, Madrid 14 Telephone: (1) 2313300 Telex: 44100 JNTE Fax: (1) 733 3684

Secretaria General de Comunicaciones 28070 Madrid Telephone: (1) 221 65 00

Telecommunications

Compania Telefonica Nacional de Espana (CTNE) Apartado 753, Gran Via 28, Madrid 13 Telephone: 2327570 Telex: 27320 CTNE E

Direccion General de Correos y Telegrafos Palacio de Comunicaciones, 28070 Madrid Telephone: (1) 221 6500 Telex: 27728 Fax: (1) 429 4621

Broadcasting

Radiotelevision Espanola Paseo de Ia Castellana 118, Madrid 25046 Telephone: (1) 4116646 Telex: 47092

Radiotelevision Espanola Prado del Rey, Madrid 24 Telephone: (1) 218 6529 Telex: 27366

Euskal Telebista Durango (Vizcaya) Telephone: (4) 681 6600 Telex: 319023

Television de Galicia SA San Marcos AP 707, Santiago de Compostela (Ia Cornua) Telephone: (81) 56 5141 Telex: 86297

234

Televisio de Cataluya (TV3) Diagonal652, Barcelona Telephone: (3) 205 02 64

Sociedad Espanola de Radiodifusion (SER) Gran Via 32, 28013 Madrid



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Aguimes A A1 3 April1971 Intelsat Buitrago-1 A A1 11 January 1968 Intelsat Buitrago-2 A 1P 13 April1970 Intelsat Buitrago-3 A AP 31 August 1973 Intelsat Buitrago-5 A A2 15 April 1982 Intelsat Rota B A 1 October 1986 Intelsat Torre jon B A 1 September 1986 Intelsat Zaragoza B A 1 November 1986 Inmarsat CES AOR Eutelsat Guadalajara

Sudan

SRI LANKA


Postmaster General and Director of Telecommunications Colombo 1

Telecommunications

Overseas Telecommunications Service PO Box 235, OTS Building, Duke Street, Colombo 1 Telephone: 26592 Telex: 21110 MUX COLOMBO

Sri Lanka Telecommunications Headquarters PO Box 503, Colombo 1 Telephone: 23559 Telex: 21477 TELECOM CE

Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation PO Box 574, Torrington Square, Colombo 7 Telephone: 92281




%Share 0.1272264 0.05 0.06556

Space Segment



System Location Intelsat Padukka Intelsat Trincomalee Inmarsat

Antenna type A B CES

Date Coverage operational 1P 20 December 1975 1 P 1 December 1984

SUDAN


Ministry of Transport and Communications Khartoum Telephone: 72 168

Telecommunications

Sudan Telecommunications Corporation Khartoum Telephone: 72168 Telex: 22299 ENTEL K

Posts and Telegraphs Public Corporation Khartoum Telephone: 70000

Broadcasting

Broadcasting Service of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan PO Box 572, Omdurman




o/c Share 0.0318066 0.;288474 2.1

235

Suriname

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat and Arabsat. The PTT leases an Intelsat transponder for domestic service, called Sudosat.



Antenna Location type Umm Haraz-1 A Umm Haraz-2 B

Date Coverage operational AP 21 November 1974 Al 25 August 1985

SURINAME


Telecomunicatiebedrijf Suriname Heiligenweg, PO Box 1839, Paramaribo Telephone: 73944 Telex: LA TEL SN B1 Fax: 77 800; 10 555

Broadcasting

Surinaamse Televisie Stichting PO Box 535, Cultuurtuinlaan, Paramaribo Telephone: 73100


Organization ITU


%Share 0.0636132

Space Segment

Uses lntelsat.


System Location Intelsat Santo Boma-1 Intelsat Santo Boma-2

SWAZILAND


Directorate of Posts and Telecommunications PO Box 125, Mbabane Telephone: 42341,43131 Telex: 2033 WD, 2019

Broadcasting

Swaziland Television Broadcasting Corporation PO Box A 146, Mbabane Telephone: 42761


Organization ITU

236


%Share 0.0636132

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Location Intelsat Ezulwini

Antenna type B A

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational A1 31 July 1979 AP December 1987

Date Coverage operational A2 7 July 1983

Sweden

SWEDEN


Ministry of Communications Vasagatan 8-10,5-103 33 Stockholm Telephone: (8) 763 1000 Telex: 17328

Ministry of Education Box 10333, Stockholm Telephone: (8) 7631895 Telex: 13285 MINEDUC S

Telecommunications

Swedish Telecommunications Administration (Televerket) S 12386 Farsta Telephone: (8) 713 1000 Telex: 14970 Fax: (8) 713 3333

Svensk Marin Radio, AB Andreegatan 21, S 41463 Goteborg Telephone: 1241 50 Telex: 21452 SMRADIO S

Broadcasting

Sveriges Radio S-105 10 Stockholm Telephone: (8) 784 0000 Telex: 10000 Fax: (8) 784 1500

Sveriges Television AB Oxenstiernsgatan 20, S 10510 Stockholm Telephone: 784 0000 Telex: 10000 SRCENT S

Sveriges National Radio Oxenstiernsgatan 20, S 10510 Stockholm Telephone: (8) 784 0000 Telex: 10000 Fax: (8) 784 1500

Sveriges Local Radio AB S-10127 Stockholm Telephone: (8) 22 98 00 Telex: 11850 Fax: (8) 52 1813

Space

Swedish Board for Space Activities Box 4006, S 17104 Solna Telephone: (8) 733 6480 Telex: 17128 SPACECO S Fax: (8) 98 70 69

Notelsat Marievik 1A, S 11743 Stockholm Telephone: (8) 763 0204 Telex: 5413 906 TELSATS


Ericsson Radio Systems AB Box 1001, S 43120 Molndal Telephone: (31) 67 1000 Telex: 20905 ERICRA S Fax: (31) 87 66 39 Satellites: TV SAT, TD F, ECS

Saab Space AB Box 13045, S 40251 Goteborg Telephone: (31) 37 00 00 Telex: 21652 SAABRA S Fax: (31) 21 08 00 Satellites: TV SAT, TDF-1

Swedish Space Corporation Tritonvagen 27 S 171, Soina 54 Telephone: 898 0200 Telex: 17128 SPACECO Satellite: Tele-X

LuxorAB Box 901, S 59129 Motala Telephone: 14128000 Telex: 5578 LUXOR S (141) 57120



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat. The Swedish government has been an active supporter of plans for a Nordic satellite system and is now instrumental in the Tele-X project in which the Swedish Board for Space Activities has the controlling share in partnership with Norway and Finland. Tele-X is a multipurpose satellite with the emphasis on two channels of high-power television distribution at 12 GHz.


System Location Intelsat Tanum-1 Intelsat Tanum-2

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational A1 22 November 1971 AP 6 February 1981

237

Switzerland

SWITZERLAND


Department of Transport, Communications and Energy Bundeshaus Nord, CH 3003 Bern Telephone: (31) 614111 Telex: 33179 EA V CH Fax: (31) 62 25 49

Telecommunications

Direction Generale de l'Entreprise des Postes, Telephones et Telegraphes Viktoriastrasse 21, CH 3030 Telephone: (31) 62 1111 Telex: 32011 PTI CH Fax: (31) 62 60 39

Radio Suisse SA Case Postale 31,3000 Berne 14 Telephone: 659111 Telex: 32192 Fax: (31) 65 94 01

Broadcasting

Societe Suisse de Radiodiffusion et Television (SSR) Giacomettistrasse 3, CH 3000 Berne 15 Telephone: (31) 43 9111 Telex: 32116 SSR CH Fax: (31) 62 56 24



Space Segment


%Share 2.5445292 1.234140 4.34692

Uses Intelsat and Eutelsat. Plans for a private DBS system, called Telsat, have been abandoned.


System Intelsat Intelsat lntelsat Eutelsat

Location Leuk-1 Leuk-2 Leuk-3

Antenna type A A A

Date Coverage operational 1P 9 January 1974 AP 29 January 1980 AI 5 February 1984

1985

SYRIA


Syrian Telecommunications Establishment Directorate General Saadallah Jabiri Street, Damascus Telephone: 21 9000 Telex: 411015 GENTEL

238

Broadcasting

Directorate General of Syrian Broadcasting and Television Place des Ommanyades, Damascus Telephone: 211200 Telex: 411233 GENRAD



Space Segment



%Share 0.1272264 0.122415 1.7


System Intelsat

Location Sednaya

Antenna type A

Thailand

Date Coverage operational lP 30 March 1978

TANZANIA


Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 22, Dares Salaam Telephone: 31155 Telex: 410 54 TANPOSTEL

Telecommunications

External Telecommunications Services PO Box 22, Dares Salaam Telephone: 31155 Telex: 41054 EXTELCOMS

Broadcasting

Radio Tanzania PO Box 9191, Dares Salaam Telephone: 633429 Telex: 41201 SA UTI



Space Segment

Uses lntelsat.


%Share 0.0318066 0.098839



Location Mwenge 1 Mwenge 2

Antenna type B A

Date Coverage operational 1P 4 September 1979 AP 1986

THAILAND


Ministry of Communications Posts and Telegraph Department, Soi Sailom, Phaholyothin Road, Bangkok 4 Telephone: (2) 279 1009 Telex: 82503 POSTEL TH

Telecommunications

The Communications Authority of Thailand (CAT) New Road, Bangkok 50 Telephone: (2) 573 5470 Telex: 80006 INTL CAT TH

Telephone Organization of Thailand (TOT) 302-4 Soi 4, Siam Square, Bangkok Telephone: 251 6348

239

Togo

Broadcasting

Bangkok Broadcasting & TV Co Ltd 998-1 Phaholyothin Road, Box 4-56, Bangkok Telephone: 2781255 Telex: 82730

Bangkok Entertainment Co Ltd 1126/1 New Petchburi Road, Bangkok Telephone: 253 9970 Telex: 82616 BECOM TH




%Share 0.3816793 0.424225

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat (with a leased quarter transponder for domestic service) and Palapa ( P/4 transponders). There are plans for a domestic satellite system, called Ramsat, for the 1990s.



Location Si-Racha 1 Si-Racha 2 Si-Racha4

Antenna type A A A

Date Coverage operational PS 8 April1968 1P 1 April1970 PP 22 February 1985

TOGO


Ministere de !'Equipment des Mines et des Postes et Telecommunications Lome Telephone: 213801 Telex: 5245 POSTEL TO

Telecommunications

Secretariat General des Postes et Telecommunications Lome Telephone: 214401

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion-Television Togolaise BP 434, 3286 Lome Telephone: 215357

240


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Cacavelli


%Share 0.0636132

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 31 May 1978

Trinidad and Tobago

TONGA


Telegraph and Telephone Department PO Box 46, NukuAlofa Telephone: 21257 Telex: 66225 GENTEL TS

Telecommunications

Tongo Telecommunications Commission (TTC) PO Box 46, NukuAlofa

. Telephone: 21 257

Cable & Wireless NukuAlofa

Broadcasting

Tonga Broadcasting Commission PO Box 36, NukuAlofa Telephone: 21555


Organization ITU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Nuku'alofa


%Share 0.0318066

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational PP 18 June 1978

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO


Ministry of Public Utilities and National Transportation 16-18 Sack ville Street, Port of Spain Telephone: (809) 52691

Telecommunications

Trinidad and Tobago Telephone Co. Ltd. PO Box 917, 54 Frederick Street, Port of Spain Telephone: 34211

Trinidad and Tobago External Telecommunications Company (Textel) PO Box 3, Port of Spain Telephone: 53852 Telex: 9002, 9003 TEXTEL WG

Broadcasting

National Broadcasting Service 17 Abercromby Street, Port of Spain Telephone: 32618 Telex: VOICE TRIN 3222 WG

Radio Trinidad llB Mara val Road, Port of Spain Telephone: 21151 Telex: BROADCAST 3239 WG

Trinidad and Tobago Television Co Ltd Television House, Maraval Road, Port of Spain Telephone: (809) 62 24 141

241

Tunisia



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.2544529 0.05


System Intelsat

Antenna Location type Matura Point A

Date Coverage operational AI 1 November 1971

TUNISIA


Ministere des Transports et des Communications 3 bis, rue d'Angleterre, Tunis Telephone: (I) 66 00 88

Telecommunications

Direction Generate des Telecommunications Boulevard du 9 Avril, La Kasbah, Tunis Telephone: 662443 Telex: GENTEL 15350 TN

Broadcasting

Radiodiffusion Television Tunisienne 71 avenue de Ia Liberte, Tunis Telephone: 28 73 00


Ministry of Transport Atatiirk Bulvari 125, Bakanliklar, Yenisehir, Ankara Telex: 46280

Telecommunications

Directorate General PIT, Ankara 116580 Telephone: 42400 PIT Telex: ( 607) 42400 PIT TR Fax:(4l)l26935

242


Organization Date of Joining %Share ITU 1956 0.2544529 Intelsat 1973 0.05 Inmarsat 1983 0.05 Arabsat 1976 0.6

Space Segment



System Intelsat

Location Dkhila

Antenna type


A AP 7 November 1984

TURKEY

Broadcasting

Turkiye Radio Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) Navzat Tandogan Caddesi 2, Kavaklidere, Ankara Telephone: 181130 Telex: (607) 423 74 TRANTR




%Share 0.2544529 0.227404 0.92721

Space Segment




Location Ankara-1 Ankara-2

Antenna type A A

Uganda

Date Coverage operational AP 20 April1979 lP June 1987

TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS


Executive Council Grand Turk

Telecommunications

General Post Office Grand Turk Telex: 212 TUR CAICOS TQ

Broadcasting

Radio Turks and Caicos PO Box 69, Grand Turk Telephone: 2500 Telex: 8212 GOVTCI TQ


None.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Grand Turk

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational A2 9 June 1983

UGANDA


Ministry of Power, Posts and Communications PO Box 7270, Kampala Telephone: (41) 30 070 Telex: 61098 POWERCOM

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting PO Box 7142, Kampala Telephone: (41) 54 461 Telex: 61084 KNOWLEDGE

Telecommunications

Uganda Posts and Telecommunications Corporation Kampala, PO Box 7171 Telephone: (41) 30540 Telex: 61027 UGASAT; 61064 UGESTEL; 61050 POST GEN

Broadcasting

Uganda Television PO Box 4260, Kampala



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.



Both Intelsat stations at Mpoma and Ombachi are non-operational.

%Share 0.0318066 0.05

243

United Arab Emirates

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES


Ministry of Communications Director of Telecommunications, PO Box 900, Abu Dhabi Telephone: (2) 65 1900 Telex: 22668 COMMSAD EM; 22138 MlNlCOM EM

Telecommunications

Emirates Telecommunications Corporation Ltd Head Office, PO Box 3838, Abu Dhabi Telephone: (2) 28 3333 Telex: 22135 ETCHO EM

Broadcasting

Radio Television Dubai PO Box 1695, Abu Dhabi Telephone: 470255 Telex: 45605 DRCTV EM

UAE Television PO Box 637, Abu Dhabi Telephone: 34550 Telex: 22557 EM


Organization Date of Joining %Share ITU 1972 0.2544529 lntelsat 1976 1.736693 lnmarsat 1983 0.07461 Arabsat 1976 6.6

Space Segment

Uses lntelsat, lnmarsat and Arabsat.


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational lntelsat Abu Dhabi A A2 29 April1978 lntelsat Dubai A lP 16 September 1975 lntelsat Ras Al-Khaimah A I1 29 April1977 Arabsat lnmarsat CES lOR

UNITED KINGDOM


Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Telecommunications Division, 1 Victoria Street, London SWlHOET Telephone: (1) 215 5157 Telex: 8811074 Fax: (1) 222 2629 Radiocommunications Division, Waterloo Bridge House, Waterloo Road, London SE18UA Telephone: (1) 275 3000 Telex: 261 969 Fax: (1) 928 5740

Home Office 55 Queen Anne's Gate, London SWl Telephone: (1) 213 3000

244

Telecommunications

Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC1N 2HQ Telephone: 822 1604

Telecommunications Operators

British Telecom pic 2-12 Gresham Street, London WC2V 7 AG Telephone: (1) 357 3000 Telex: 883051 BTHQ G Fax: (1) 357 2671

British Telecom International Holborn Centre, 120 Holborn, London EC1N 2TE Telephone: (1) 936 2000 Telex: 21501 BTl G Fax: (1) 831 9959

Cable & Wireless pic Mercury House, 110-124 Theobalds Road, London WClX 8RX Telephone: (l) 242 4433 Telex: 23181 CANDW G

Mercury Communications Ltd 90 Long Acre, London WC2E 9NP Telephone: (1) 838 2449

Broadcasting

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Broadcasting House, London W1A 1AA Telephone: (1) 580 4468 Telex: 265781 BBC HQ G

Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) 70 Brompton Road, London SW3 lEY Telephone: (1) 584 7011 Telex: 24345 IBALON G

Space

British National Space Centre (BNSC) Millbank Tower, Millbank, London SW14QU Telephone: (1) 2113000


British Aerospace Space and Communications Division, Argyle Way, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2AS Telephone: 438 3134 56 Telex: 82130 Satellites: Olympus, Marecs, ECS, Intelsat VI, Skynet IV.

Ferranti Electronics Ltd Microwave Division, Microwave House, First Avenue, Poynton Industrial Estate, Cheshire SK12 lNE Telephone: (625) 871611 Telex: 666786 FERPOY G

Marconi Defence Systems Ltd The Grove, Stanmore, Middlesex Telephone: (1} 954 2311 Telex: 22616


Organization ITU Inmarsat Intelsat Eutelsat

Date of Joining 1871 1979 1984* 1985

%Share 7.633587

19.28267 13.068645 16.35

*The date refers to the signature of British Telecom pic to the operating agreement. Previously, the UK government had been represented by the Post Office and British Telecom.

United Kingdom

Space Segment

The UK uses Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat. Until recently, British Telecom had a monopoly of all national and international services. However, in 1982 full licences to operate both international and domestic services were given to British Telecom (BTl} and Mercury Communications, and both organizations maintain a number of ground stations.

The UK (in the pre-1982 form of the British Telecommunications monopoly) has generally preferred to develop communications satellite services through global and regional bodies rather than on a national basis. As a result, there are no national satellites and no national telecommunications satellites in the fixed service are likely for some time. There are plans to launch a high power direct broadcast satellite system. However, the IBA has licensed a private company, British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) to provide three channels of direct broadcast television. The satellite, supplied by Hughes, is scheduled to be launched in 1989. Meanwhile, BTl has several leased transponders on Intelsat and Eutelsat, as well as on SES's Astra (Luxembourg).


Antenna Date System Location type Coverage operational Intelsat Goonhilly 1 A AS 28 June 1965 Intelsat Goonhilly 2 A Al 26 November 1968 Intelsat Goonhilly 3 A 11 6 August 1972 Intelsat Goon hilly 4 c AP 4March 1983 Intelsat Goonhilly 6A A AP 10 October 1985 Intelsat Goonhilly 6C c AP 1986 Intelsat Goonhilly 7 B AS 15 September 1983 Intelsat Madley 1 A IP 19 November 1978 Intelsat Madley2 A A2 27 March 1980 Intelsat Madley3 A IS 4 September 1981 Intelsat Madley 5 c Al 19 September 1984 Intelsat Thameside 1 c Al 1986 Intelsat Thameside 3 c AP 7 August 1984 Intelsat Whitehill! c 11 23 May 1985 Intelsat Whitehill2 B 11 1986 Intelsat Whitehill3 B A2 1 September 1986 Eutelsat Thameside Eutelsat Thameside Inmarsat

245

United States of America

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Government Departments and Agencies

Department of State Washington, DC 20520 Telephone: (202) 655 4000 Telex: ITI SEC STATE 440080; RCA SEC STATE 248346 STATE UR

Department of Commerce- National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) 1800 G Street NW, Washington DC 20545 Telephone: (202) 395 6161

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 1919 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20554 Telephone: (202) 632 7100 Telex: TWX (710) 822 0160 Fax: (202) 632 6975

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Federal Building 6, 400 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington DC Telephone: (202) 755 2320

Telecommunications

Aeronautical Radio Inc. 2551 Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21401 Telephone: (301) 224 4000 Telex: 710867 8553 ARINC BDG

American Satellite Corporation 20301 Century Blvd, Germantown, Maryland 20767 Telephone: (301) 428 6040

AT&T 195 Broadway, New York, NY 10007 Telephone: (212) 393 9800 Telex: (710) 581 0310

Brightstar Communications Ltd International Bldg, 22nd Floor, Rockefeller Centre, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10111 Telephone: (212) 582 8578 Telex: 642494 WU BRTSTR NY

Comsat 950 !'Enfant Plaza SW. Washington DC 20024 Telephone: (202) 863 6000 Telex: 892668 COMSAT TWX (710) 822 9575

FTC Communications Inc. 90 John Street, New York, NY 10038 Telephone: (212) 669 9700 (TOC) Telex: 82660 FTCC INTL

246

Graphnet Inc. 99 West Sheffield Avenue, Englewood, New Jersey 07631 Telephone: (201) 837 5100 (TOC)

GTE Service Corporation One Stamford Forum, Stamford, Connecticut 06904 Telephone: (203) 357 2000 (TOC) Telex: 965821 GTE STD

GTE Spacenet Corporation 1700 Old Meadow Road, McLean. Virginia 22102 Telephone: (703) 790 7700 Telex: 710 833 0309

GTE Telenet Communications Corporation 8229 Boone Boulevard, Vienna, Virginia 22180 Telephone: (703) 442 1000 (TOC) Telex: 24812 TCC UR

Hawaiian Telephone Company PO Box 2200, Honolulu, Hawaii 96841 Telephone: 808 546 3000 (TOC) Telex: (773) 5375734 HOWTEL

(lSI) International Satellite Inc. c/o TRT Telecommunications, 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC 20004 Telephone: (202) 296 6822

ITT World Communications Inc. 67 Broad Street, New York, NY 10004 Telephone: (212) 797 3300 Telex: 42 3400 EXCA UI

MCI Telecommunications Corporation 115017 Street NW, Washington DC 20036 Telephone: (202) 872 1600

Orion Satellite Communications 2000 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington DC 20036 Telephone: (202) 862 3434

Panamsat 460 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 Telephone: (212) 429 8970

Satellite Business Systems (SBS) 8283 Greensboro Drive, McLean, Virginia 22102 Telephone: (703) 442 5000 Telex: TWX 710 833 0322

TRT Telecommunications Corporation 1747 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC 20006 Telephone: 202 862 4500 Telex: 197600 TRT; 8 9439 TRT; EXECWSH

Tymshare Inc. 20705 Valgreen Drive, Cupertino, California 95014 Telephone: 408 446 6000

Western Union International Inc. One WUI Plaza, New York, NY 10004 Telephone: 212 363 6400 Telex: 62100

Western Union Corporation 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Telephone: (201) 825 5000 Telex: 126088

Tele-Pacific Communications PO Box 31328, Honolulu, Hawaii 96820

Bell Operating Companies

AMERITECH 30 South Wacker Drive, Chicago Illinois 60606 Telephone: (312) 750 5000 Fax: (312) 207 160111602 (Telex contact: (312) 726 2348)

Bell Atlantic Corp 1600 Market Street. Philadelphia PA 19103 Telephone: (215) 963 6000 Fax: (215) 963 6038

Bell South Corp 675 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta Georgia 30375 Telephone: (404) 420 8600 Fax: (404) 688 377113679

NYNEXCorp 355 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10017 Telephone: (212) 370 7400 Fax: (212) 370 7615 (Telex contact: (212) 370 7618)

Pacific Telesis Group 140 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco California 94105 Telephone: (415) 542 9000 Fax: (415) 823 4679

Southwestern Bell 1 Bell Center, StLouis, Missouri 63101 Telephone: (314) 235 9800 Fax: (314) 235 4687

US WEST 7800 East Orchard Road, Englewood CO 80111 Telephone: (303) 793 6500 Telex: 5106011224 Fax: (303) 793 6654

Broadcasting

ABC Inc. 1330 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019 Telephone: (212) 581 7777 Telex: TWX (212) 640 4848 ABC NYC

CBS Inc. 51 West 52 Street, New York, NY 10019 Telephone: (212) 975 4321 Telex: 12435 CBSINC NYK


National Broadcasting Co. Inc. 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10020 Telephone: (212) 664 4444 Telex: RCA 232 346 NBC UR TWX 710 981 4623

Voice of America International Communication Agency, Washington DC 20547 Telephone: (202) 755 4711 Telex: 710 822 0013


Fairchild Space Company 20301 Century Blvd, Germantown, Maryland 20874 Telephone: (301) 428 6000 Telex: 89 2468

Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation 20th Floor, 300 Renaissance Center, PO 43342 Detroit, Michigan 48243 Telephone: (313) 568 7708 and Ford Aerospace Space Services Corporation, Suite 708, 1140 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036 Telephone: (202) 785 4000

Hughes Aircraft Company Electron Dynamic Division, 3100 W, Lomita Boulevard, PO Box 2999, Torrance, California 90590 Telephone: (213) 517 6000 Telex: 67 704

Martin Marietta Corporation 6801 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817 Telephone: (310) 897 6006

RCA Corporation Room 1125,50 Broad Street, New York, NY 10004 Telephone: (212) 248 7634

RCA Global Communications Inc. 60 Broad Street, New York, NY 10004 Telephone: (212) 806 7000 Telex: 232765 RCA UR

RCA Astro-Eiectronic PO Box 800, Princeton, NJ 08540 Telephone: (609) 426 3400 Telex: 84 3458

Satellite Operators and Other Companies

(see also previous list)

Advanced Business Communications Inc (ABCIP) 8729 Belmart Road, Potomac, Maryland 20854 Telephone: (703) 827 8282

Alascom, Inc. 210 Bluff Road, PO Box 6607, Anchorage, Alaska 99502-7649 Telephone: (907) 264 7388

247


American Satellite Company (ASC) 1801 Research Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20850 Telephone: (301) 251 8300

Comsat Technology Products Inc. PO Box 430, 22300 Comsat Drive, Clarksburg, Maryland 20871 Telephone: (301) 428 5000

Comsat Telesystems, Inc. 2700 Prosperity Avenue, Fairfax, Virginia 22031 Telephone: (703) 876 3000

Comsat Communications Services Division 950 )'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington DC 20024 Telephone: (202) 863 6010 Telex: 892668

Cygnus Satellite Corporation 523 East 14 Street, New York, NY 10009 Telephone: (212) 254 6569

Digital Telesat Inc. 4250 Perimeter Park South, Suite 131, Atlanta, Georgia 30341 Telephone: (404) 455 8618

Digital Telecom 4250 Perimeter Park South , Suite 131, Atlanta, Georgia 30340 Telephone: (404) 455 8618

Satellite Systems Engineering- Direct Broadcast Satellite Corporation 7315 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 520E, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Telephone: (301) 652 4663

Dominion Video Satellite Inc. PO Box 7609, Naples, Florida 33940 Telephone: (813) 262 1433

Equatorial Communications Company 300 Furguson Drive, Mountain View, California 94043 Telephone: (415) 969 9500

Ford Aerospace Satellite Services Corporation 1140 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 201, Washington DC 20036 Telephone: (202) 785 4000

Graphics Scanning 329 Alfred Avenue, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666 Telephone: (201) 569 7711

Graphic Scanning Corporation Richard Vega and Associates, PO Box 191, Pasedena, Maryland 21126 Telephone: (301) 437 7000

248

GTE Satellite Corporation One Stamford Forum, Stamford, Connecticut 06904 Telephone: (203) 965 2000

GTE Spacenet Corporation 1700 Old Meadow Road, McLean, Virginia 22102 Telephone: (703) 734 2388 Telex: 710 833 0309

Hughes Communications Galaxy Inc. 1990 Grand Avenue, El Segundo, California 90245 Telephone: (213) 615 1000 Telex: 664480

International Satellite Inc. 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC 20004 Telephone: (202) 296 6892

National Exchange Inc. 11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 244, Los Angeles, California 90049 Telephone: (213) 820 54 54

Orion Satellite Corporation 2000 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington DC 20036 Telephone: (202) 466 7700

Pan American Satellite Corporation (PanAmSat) 460 West 42 Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10036 Telephone: (212) 429 8970

Rainbow Satellite Inc. (RSI) 25200 La Paz Road, Laguna Hills, California 92653 Telephone: (714) 855 1756

Satellite Business Systems (SBS) 8283 Greensboro Drive, McLean, Virginia 22102 Telephone: (703) 422 5000

Systematics General Corporation 1606 Old Ox Road, PO Box 28, Sterling, Virginia 22170 Telephone: (703) 471 2200

Tele-Pacific Communications 350 Ward Avenue, PO Box 31328, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 Telephone: (808) 5381981

TRW Space and Technology Group One Space Park, Redondo Beach, California 90278 Telephone: (213) 535 0856

United States Satellite Broadcasting Company Inc. (USSB) 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 Telephone: (612) 646 5555

Western Union Telegraph Company 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Telephone: (201) 825 5000



Space Segment


%Share 7.63

22.46 28.91

The US is the world's largest user of satellite services both domestically and internationally. It has a large number of domestic systems, all privately-owned. It is also a significant user of Intelsat and Inmarsat. In addition, US companies are active in satellite communications in other countries as suppliers and operators.

The US launched its first satellite in 1958, four months after Sputnik. Since then it has developed a wide range of launchers and spacecraft, and the associated electronics for all kinds of techniques and applications. Key events have been the Satellite Communications Act (1962) and the White House declaration in 1972 of an 'open skies' policy to encourage an entrepreneurial approach to domestic systems (subject to FCC authorization). This approach has resulted in a large number of companies offering competitive channel capacity.

In addition, several US companies are seeking to set up trans-Atlantic and regional systems that would compete with Intelsat (and with undersea cables). Among the main contenders are lSI and Orion in the Atlantic region, and Panamsat in Central America. Orion would be at 37.5° West and 47° west. lSI would be at 46° west and 58° west. Panamsat's single RCA satellite would be at 45° west.

Most civilian US satellites carry telephony and/or video (see list below). However, there are several other systems.

US Domestic Satellite System Operators

Company American Satellite Company AT&T Comsat Cygnus Satellite Corporation (subsidiary ofM/ACom) Federal Express Ford Aerospace GTE NASA Hughes Martin Marietta (Communications Systems) RCA American Communications (including RCA Alascom Services) MCI US Satellite Broadcasting Western Union

Name of system ASC Comstar; Telstar Comstar; STC Cygnus

Fedex or ExpresS tar Ford sat Spacenet; G-Star TDRS Galaxy MMC

Satcom; Aurora

SBS USSB We star


Current operators and spacecraft

AMSAT

The American Satellite Company (AMSAT) is developing a system to provide leased line and private services. ASC-1 was launched in 1985 and ASC-2 is due to be launched in 1989.

ASC-1 Orbital position 128°W Launch date August 1985 Launcher NASA Design life (years) 8.5 Number of channels C-band 18

Ku-band 6 1WTA power (watts) C-band 8.5-16.2

Ku-band 16.2 Antenna coverage ITUregion Primary use

us 2 telecommunications

AT&T COMMUNICATIONS (AT&T)

AT&T owns and operates the Telstar system to supplement its extensive terrestrial communications network. In addition, AT&T lease two Com star satellites owned and operated by Com sat.

The Telstar space segment is composed of three satellites: Telstars 301, 302 and 303. The system is used for the following services: • long-distance telephony, data and facsimile transmission; • leased television network feeds to affiliate television

stations; • occasional news and sports feeds.

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels 1WTApower (watts) Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use Lease services

Telstar 301 96°W 1983 NASA 10 24 8.5 us 2 main TV 1H CBS feeds 2H ABC feeds 3H Occasional video feeds 4V CBS feeds 4H Telephony 5V World communications

feeds; radio 5H ABC feeds 6V ABC feeds 6H ABC feeds 7V Hughes TV Network 9V Occasional video feeds 9H Occasional video feeds lOY Occasional vide6 feeds lOH Occasional video feeds 12V Wold communications

feeds

249


Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage !TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use

Telstar 302 86°W September 1984 NASA 10 24 8.5 us 2 main Telephony/TV 5H ABC feeds 6V CBS feeds 8H Occasional video feeds 9V CBS feeds lOY Occasional video feeds lOH Occasional video feeds 11 V Occasional video feeds

Telstar 303 125°W June 1985 NASA 10 24 8.5 us 2 main Telephony/TV

COMSAT

The Comsat General Corporation (Comsat) is the US signatory to Intelsat. Comsat owns and operates a domestic satellite communications system composed of five satellites. Three of the five were launched in 1976 and have been leased since then by Inmarsat. The other two satellites, Comstars D3 and D4, are leased by AT&T.

Comsat has received permission from the FCC to own and operate a Ku-band satellite system. This system would consist of two satellites with 40 watts of TWT A power per channel. Comsat may acquire its own satellites, or re-use other satellites ( eg, SB-5).


250

Comstar D3* 127°W June 1983 NASA 7 (exceeded) 24 5 or 5.5 us 2 main Telephony 2V Telephony 2H Telephony 3H Telephony 4V Telephony 7V Telephony 7H Telephony 8V Telephony 8H Telephony 9V Telephony

11 V Telephony llH Telephony

·owned hy Com>at and lca>ed hy AT&T


Comstar D4* 76°W 1981 NASA 7 24 5 or 5.5 us 2 main Telephony 2V Telephony 2H Telephony 4V Telephony 8V Telephony 8H Telephony 9H Country Music Television lOY American Extasy lOH US Satellite Corp lOY The Playboy Channel llH Telephony 11 V KTVT (Dallas) 12H Telephony 12V Telephony

*Owned hy Com,at and lca>ed hy AT&T

GTE GTE Satellite Communications (GTE) owns and operates a satellite network which currently consists of five satellites: Space nets I, II and III and G-Stars A 1 and A2.

This space segment is used for the following purposes: • Sprint Digital Satellite Network, GTE's long-distance

telephony service; • occasional use booked on an hourly basis by customers; • occasional news and sports feeds; • the relay of cable television services to cable networks; • general communications services.

Orbital position Launch date Launcher

Spacenet I 120°W June 1984

Design life (years) Number of channels C-hand

K-band TWTA power (watts) C-hand

K-band Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Ariane 10 18 6 8.5 16 N. America, Alaska and Hawaii 2 main Telephony/TV 2H Bonneville Communications 5H Occasional video feeds 6H Hospital Satellite Network 7H Occasional video feeds 8H American Christian TV

Service llH Baptist

Telecommunications Network (BTN)

14VSCPC

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years)

16V Spanish International Network feeds

20H SCPC 22H SCPC 23H SCPC

Spacenet II 69°W November 1984 Ariane 10

Number of channels C-hand K-band

TWT A power (watts) C-hand K-band

18 6 8.5 16

Antenna coverage

ITU region Status Primary use Lease services


Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use Lease services

us Caribbean 2 main Telephony 20H Florida News Network

G-Star AI 13°W May 1985 Ariane 10 16 14 at 20; 2 at 27 N. America, Hawaii, Alaska 2 main Telephony Not known

G-Star A2 l05°W March 1986 Ariane 10 16 14 at 20; 2 at 27 N. America, Hawaii, Alaska 2 mam Telephony Not known

Hughes Galaxy Communications Hughes Galaxy Communications has been a US common carrier since 1983. It operates three satellites, Galaxy I, II and III, which offer virtually total coverage of the US.

Galaxy I is a famous satellite for several reasons: • 18 of its 24 transponders were sold to the highest bidders in

1983 (the other six are leased on a pre-emptible basis); • Galaxy I regroups most of the successful US cable

networks, which has proved a key marketing point to cable operators and home TYRO installations. Galaxy II is primarily used for telephony and other

communications services for private telecommunications companies like MCI and Equatorial communications Inc.

Hughes Galaxy Communications plans to launch Galaxy IV. Its transponders will also be available for sale.

Hughes has also been granted permission by the FCC to


operate two Ku-band satellites with TWT A power of 50 watts per channel (there will be 16 channels).

In the long term, Hughes has applied for permission to operate two Ka-band satellites with 32 channels of 20 watts each. These satellites would be available in 1988 and 1989.

Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Type Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region

Galaxy I FSS 134°W June 1983 NASA 9 24 9 North America 2 main TV 1 The Nashville Network 2 2 WGN (Chicago); radio 2 The Disney Channel (East) 3 Showtime (East) 3 SIN 4 Cable News Network 4 CNN Headline News 5 ESPN 5 The Movie Channel (East) 6 CBN Cable Network 6 Home Team Sports 7 C-SPAN 7 The Movie Channel (West) 8 WOR-TV Superstation; radio 9 PTL Satellite 9 WTBS Superstation 10 Cinemax (East) 10 Gala Vision 11 The Discovery Channel 12 Home Box Office (East) 12 The Disney Channel (West)

Galaxy II FSS 74°W September 1983 NASA 9 24 9 48 US States 2 main Telephony 8 News & sports feeds 9 News & sports feeds 19 channels are inactive

Galaxy Ill FSS 93.SOW September 1984 NASA 9 24 9 us 2

251



main Telephony 4 News & sports feeds I2 News & sports feeds IS channels are inactive

RCA

RCA American Communications Inc. was formed by RCA Communications in I976 to own and operate RCA's domestic telecommunications system. Earlier RCA had leased channels on Anik F2 (Canada).

RCA curently operates five Satcom series satellites: Satcorns F3R, F4, FIR, F2R and Satcom F5 (aka Aurora 1).

Sat corns F3R and F4 cary a large number of cable television services, while Satcom FIR is mostly used for video feeds and Satcom F2R is devoted to telephony. Satcom F5 provides telecommunications services to Alaska.

RCA launched two Ku-band Satcom in late I985 and I986. The Satcom K-series is designed to offer I6 transponders with 47-watt tubes per satellite.

RCA is planning to launch Satcom F6 and Satcom F7 in I988 and I989, respectively. RCA hopes to offer international television trasmission across the Atlantic with Satcom F6.

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

252

Satcom F3R 13I 0 W November I98I NASA 10 24 6 at 8.5; IS at 5.5 North America and Hawaii 2 main Cable TV I Nickelodeon 2 The PTL Network; radio 4 Financial News Network;

Cable Sports Network 6 SPN; radio 7 ESPNfeeds 8 CBN; radio 9 USA Cable Network IO Showtime (West) I1 MTV I3 Home Box Office (West) 15 Video Hits One 16 Home Theatre Network 16 The Learning Channel;

Professional Education Network

17 Lifetime 18 Eternal Word Network;

Reuters; National Jewish Television

19 C-Span 20 Black Entertainment

Television 21 The Weather Channel 22 MSN -The Information

Channel; USA Cable Network

23 Cinemax (West) (S) 24 Arts & Entertainment

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts)

Satcom F4 83°W January 1982 NASA 10 24 6 at 8.5; IS at 5.5 North America 2 main Cable TV 1 News & Sports feeds 2 Bravo 4 Nickelodeon 5 ABC feeds 6 Madison Square Garden 7 National Christian

Network; Prime of Life Network; radio

9 Sports Vision 10 American Movie Classics 11 Home Sports

Entertainment 12 The Playboy Channel 14 Occasional video feeds 16 The Silent Network 17 Trinity Broadcasting Net,

radio 19 WPIX-NY Superstation 20 NBC Contract Channel 21 Occasional video feeds 22 ABC feeds 23 Odyssey Music

Satcom-Kl sse November I985 NASA Shuttle 10 16 us 2 Operational Video distribution

Satcom-K2 8I 0

January I986 NASA Shuttle 10 I6 us 2 Operational Video distribution

SatcQm FJR I39°W I983 NASA 10 24 Solid State Power Amplifiers Power: 8.5 watts

Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTApower (watts) Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use Lease services

North America and Hawaii 2 main TV 1 ONTV (West) (S) 3 Wide band digital service 6 Occasional video feeds 8 NBCfeeds 9 Occasional video feeds 11 Occasional video feeds 12 Netcom International 15 Yonkers Horse Racing 19 Wideband digital service 20 American Forces Radio &

Television Service; AFRTS Radio

22 Netcom International 23 Wide band digital service 24 Radio Televisione Italiana

feeds

Satcom F2R now 1983 NASA 10 24 8 North America 2 main Telephony 1 V 6 SCPC Channels 2H Wide band digital service 3V Telephony 4H Telephony 5V Telephony 6H Wide band digital service 7V Telephony 9H Telephony 10H 14 SCPC Channels 11 V Telephony 12H Telephony 14H Voice of America 15V 17 SCPC Channels 16H 13 SCPC Channels 17V Telephony 18H Wide band digital 19V Telephony 20H American Forces Radio

and Television Service; AFRTS Radio

21 V Telephony 22H Telephony 23V Telephony 24V Wide band digital service

Orbital position Launch date Launcher

Satcom FS (Aurora I) 143°W October 1982 NASA

Design life (years) Number of channels TWTApower (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region

10 24 8.5 Alaska, Hawaii, US 2



mam Telephony 1 V Wideband digital service 2H Telephony 3V Telephony 4H SCPC 5V Telephony 6H Occasional video feeds 7V Telephony 8H SCPC 9V SCPC 10H Telephony 11 V RCA Americom 12H SCPC 14H Telephony 15V SCPC 16H Telephony 17V Telephony 19V Occasional video feeds 20H Learn/ Alaska TV

Network Occasional video feeds

22H Telephony 23V RCA Americom 24V Alaska Satellite TV

project

Satellite Business Systems (SBS)

SBS was the first US satellite operator to operate Ku-band satellites. It was authorized by the FCC in February 1977 and became operational in 1981.

SBS currently operates four Hughes-built SBS series satellites: SBS I, II, III and IV. The space segment is used for: • time division multiple access {TDMA) business com

munications services; • high-speed telephony to customers linked by SBS-operated

earth stations; • television network feeds and occasional news and sports

feeds; • Videolink, an interactive video teleconferencing service.

SBS plans to launch an enhanced version of its SBS satellite (SBS V) some time in 1986 or 1987. SBS has also been authorized by the FCC to launch SBS VI by 1987 or 1988. SBS VI will offer four times the communications capacity as the first four SBS spacecraft and three times that of SBS V. Each of the 19 transponders will have a TWT A power of 41 watts.

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TV region Status Primary use Lease services

SBS I 99oW November 1980 NASA 7 10 20 North America 2 main TDMA Service 2H TDMA Business Service 5H TDMA Business Service 6H TDMA Business Service 7H Preemptible leased

transponder

253


Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage /TUregion Status Primary use Lease services

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage ITUregion Status Primary use Lease services

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use Lease services

254

8H TDMA Business Service 9H TDMA Business Service 10H Preemptible leased

transponder

SBS II 9rw September 1981 NASA 7 10 20 North America 2 main TDMA Service 1H TDMA Business Service 2H TDMA Business Service 3H TDMA Business Service 5H TDMA Business Service 6H TDMA Business Service 7H TDMA Business Service 8H TDMA Business Service 9H TDMA Business Service 10H TDMA Business Service

SBS /II 95°W November 1982 NASA 7 10 8 at 20; 2 at 40 North America 2 main Television 1H Digital service 2H Occasional video feeds 3H NBC Network feeds 4H NTU Classes 5H NBC Control station 6H NBC Control station 7H Teleconferencing and

occasional video feeds 8H NBC Network and other

video feeds 9H NBC Control station

SBS IV 101°W August 1984 NASA 9 10 5 at 20; 5 at 40 North America 2 Spare for system

TDRS Spacecom

Spacecom is the NASA subsidiary which owns and operates the TORS-A (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite) spacecraft launched in 1983.

Spacecom is expected to complete the TORS system with two_ further TORS satellites in 1987 or 1988. This system was destgned to be used for the following purposes: • tracking and monitoring satellites during the launch phase

and after positioning in orbit; • relaying of data from space experiments; • high-speed digital transmissions of video, telephony, facsi

mile ~nd data; possibly for US government purposes; • certam commercial applications if capacity is available.

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years)

TDRS A 41°W April 1983 NASA 10

Number of channels: C-band K-band

TWTA power (watts): C-band K-band

12 8 5 25 or 30

Antenna coverage ITU region Status Primary use

North America and Europe 2 main Tracking satellites

Western Union

Western Union became a satellite operator in 1974 with the launch of the first of the Westar series. The first three Westar satellites (1, II and III) carried 12 transponders. Westars IV, V and VII can accommodate 24 transponders per satellite. Western Union currently operate Westars III, IV, V and VII (Westar VI failed to reach orbit). The main uses of the space segment are: • the transmission of Public Broadcasting Service program

mes to public television stations across the US; • the ~istribution ~f cable television signals to cable systems; • the mterconnectwn of the radio stations belonging to the

National Public Radio system; • long-distance telephony and data services.

Western Union has been granted permission by the FCC to operate two Ku-band satellites. These satellites are designated Westar A and Westar B and may be launched in 1988.

Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage ITUregion Status Primary use Lease service

Westar Ill 91°W August 1979 NASA 7 12 5 us 2 main TV 1 Radio 2 Radio 3 CNN news feeds 4 Radio 5 American Satellite Corp

(ASC)


6 ASC Westar VII 7 ASC Type 8 ASC Orbital position 144°W 9 ASC Launch date November 1985 10 News and sports feeds Launcher NASA 11 News and sports feeds Design life (years) 10 12 News and sports feeds Number of channels 24

TWTA power (watts) 9.6 Westar IV Antenna coverage us

Orbital position 99oW ITU region 2 Launch date April1982 Status main Launcher NASA Primary use Not Known Design life (years) 10 Lease service Not Known Number of channels 24 TWT A power (watts) 7.5 Antenna coverage us ITU region 2 Earth Station Facilities Status main Primary use Radio/TV Lease service lD Radio Location Standard Coverage Date Operational

2D Radio Andover 1 A AS 28 June 1965 3X Alantic City Horse Andover2 A AS 14 January 1972

Racing; World of Faith Andover 3 A A1 11 December 1975 Network Andrews B AI 1986

5X News and sports feeds Bren Mar B A March 1986 6D Catholic TV Network of Brewster A pp 8 December 1966

America Coram 1 B AS 1 January 1987 8D PBS Coram2 B AI 1 January 1987 8X CNN Etam 1 A A2 6 January 1969 9D PBS Etam2 A AP 2 November 1975 9X Dow Jones Etam 3/Lenox c AP 14 July 1981 10D Bonneville Houston Teleport B AI 16 June 1985

Communications Jamesburg A pp 1 December 1968 lOX ABC Contract Channel Roaring Creek 1 A A1 15 May 1984 liD PBS Roaring Creek 2A A AS I9 September 1984 12D PBS Roaring Creek 2C c AI 9 January 1985

Roaring Creek 3 c AI I2 November 1985 Westar V Santa Paula 3 B PS 2I July 1984

Orbital position 122.5°W Santa Paula 4 B PS 19 November 1982 Launch date June 1982 South Star Teleport B AS 1986 Launcher NASA Washington Amsat E AS 1986 Design life (years) 10 USA Number of channels 24 American Samoa TWTA power (watts) 7.5 Pago Pago B pp 19 October 1979 Antenna coverage us Guam ITU region 2 Finegayan B pp 17 March 1983 Status main Pulantat 1 A pp 2 November 1969 Primary use TV Pulantat 2 B pp 1986 Lease service lD Hughes TV Net(S) Hawaii

1X The University Network Hickam B pp 17 March 1983 2X News and sports feeds Paumalu 1 A pp 8 December 1966 3D JISO Paumalu 2 A pp I December 1968 3X Radio Marshall Island 4D CBS Contract Channel Ebeye B pp 16 August 1983 4X Pro AM Sports Service Majuro B pp 28 February 1983

(PASS) Micronesia 5 Radio Kosrae B pp 10 September 1983 6D News and sports feeds Ponape B pp 25 March 1983 7X PASS Truk B pp 11 May 1983 8D News and sports feeds Yap B pp 10 June 1983 9X Radio Palau lOD Wide band digital service Palau B pp 1 December 1982 11X Meadows Racing Puerto Rico

Network Cayey2 A AI 1986 12X Fantasy Un-restricted Saipan

Network (FUN) (S) Susupe B pp 27 October 1980

255

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 7 rue Gorki, Moscow K 375 Telephone: (95) 925 5108 Telex: 412961 MTG SU

Broadcasting

USSR State Committee for TV and Radio Broadcasting Piatnitskaia Utliza 25, Moscow 113 326 Telephone: 233 6356 Telex: 411136 RADIO SU Technical Centre, Moscow Telephone: 215 6583 Telex: 411471 SC SU



Inmarsat

Space Segment


1979

%Share 7.665877


3.68737

The world's first satellite was built and launched by the USSR on 4 October 1957. Since then the USSR has developed a wide range of satellite techniques and applications. It has been instrumental in setting up and maintaining the Intersputnik system and has also developed the world's largest domestic satellite systems.

The USSR started to develop its domestic satellite system in April 1965. To cover the country's enormous land mass, the satellites were launched into highly elliptical orbits. In addition, to assist tracking and reception, the orbits took the satellite high over the Soviet Union during prime time periods. In this way they appear to ground stations as if they are very slowly moving.

The first domestic series was called Molnya (lightning), and consisted of four satellites, passing at intervals of 90°, and so providing a continuous service.

The Molnya-1 series was followed by Molnya-2andMolnya-3, capable of handling higher frequencies (4 GHz to 6 GHz).

256

They were launched in 1971 and 1974. The Molnya system operates with 12 metre earth stations of the Orbita type, over a hundred being located in different parts of the country.

In 1975 the USSR launched the first Raduga communications satellite which was given the international designation, Statsionar-1. Unlike Molnya, the Raduga spacecraft are positioned in a geosynchronous orbit. The Raduga series are used for multichannel telephone and telegraph; TV/radio distribution; and remote printing of newspapers.

In 1978 a second Raduga series was launched (Statsionar-2). The Molnya and Raduga system give total coverage of the Soviet Union.

In 1979 the USSR launched its first broadcasting satellite, called Ekran or (Statsionar-T). This satellite was put in a geosynchronous orbit of 99°East. It carried a 200-watt transmitter with a spot-beam antenna. The Ekran satellites now transmit to more than 1,500 TYROs.

Because the frequency bands used by the Ekran system are also used by terrestrial systems, expansion was limited. Therefore, another system was set up using transponders on the Gorizont satellites which were already being used by Intersputnik. This additional system, called Moskva, uses a special 40 watt transmitter to serve antenna 2.5 metres in diameter.

Satellites Launched (1985)

Molnya-1 Molnya-2 Molnya-3 Raduga-1 Raduga-2 Raduga-3 Raduga-4 Raduga-5 Ekran (Statsionar-T) Gorizont

64 17 22 2 3 2 1 1

13 10

At the beginning of 1986 the Statsionar system consisted of 11 satellites in geosynchronous orbit (the Gorizont, Raduga and Ekran spacecraft) and several which are not in geosynchronous orbit (the Molnya spacecraft). The Gorizont spacecraft are used for domestic and Intersputnik television service distribution, programme exchanges between members of the Organization Internationale de Radiodiffusion et Television (OIRT), radio transmission, telephony and various digital services.

The Raduga satellites have a much lower power than the Gorizont satellites. The Raduga spacecraft are believed to be used primarily for domestic telephony. The Ekran satellite presently in orbit is used to transmit domestic television and radio services to Siberia. The Molnya spacecraft are used to provide the Arctic regions of the USSR with television and radio services, as well as providing telecommunications capacity to these remote regions.

The Statsionar System

Type Gorizont 7 (Statsionar-11)

FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage (ocean region) lTV region Status Primary use Services

11°W 1983 USSR 5 6 5 at 15; 1 at 40 Atlantic

1 Spare for Gorizont-12

Type Gorizont-6 (Statsionar-7)

FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage (ocean region) /TV region Status Primary use Services

140°E 1982 USSR 3 (exceeded) 6 5 at 15; 1 at 40 Pacific

3 Main Telephony/TV

6 II Programma TV, Moscow; Radio Mayak

8 Telephony & data 10 I Programma TV, Moscow;

Soviet Radio



ww June 1983 USSR 3 6 5 at 15; 1 at 40 Atlantic

1 Intersputnik TV

6 I Programma TV, Moscow; Radio Mayak

7 OIRTfeeds 8 Intersputnik radio, voice

and data 9 Intersputnik TV unilaterals

10 Wide band digital service 11 Narrowband digital service


FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts)

900E 1983 USSR 3 6 5 at 15; 1 at 40

Antenna coverage (ocean region) /TV region

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

Indian/Pacific

Status Primary use Services

3 Main TV/Radio/Telephony

6 II Programma TV, Moscow; Radio Mayak

7 Empty 8 Telephony 9 Inactive

10 I Programma TV, Moscow; Soviet Radio

11 Inactive


FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage (ocean region) /TV region Status

53°E 1984 USSR 3 6 5 at 15; 1 at 40 Indian/Pacific

3 Intersputnik Pacific Ocean region Telephony Primary use

Services 6 I Programma TV, Moscow; RadioMayak

7 Wide band digital 8 Telephony 9 Wide band digital service

10 II Programma TV, Moscow; Soviet Radio

11 Wide band digital

Type Ruduga-7 (Statsionar-8)

FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWTA power (watts) Antenna coverage (ocean region) lTV region Status Primary use Services

25°W 1980 USSR NK NK NK Atlantic

1 NK Telephony NK

Type Raduga-17 (Statsionar-2)

FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage (ocean region) /TV region Status Primary use Services

35°E 1985 USSR NK NK NK Northern Indian Ocean region 1 NK Telephony NK

257

Uruguay

Type Raduga-13 (Statsionar-9)

FSS Orbital position Launch date Launcher Design life (years) Number of channels TWT A power (watts) Antenna coverage (ocean region) /TV region Status Primary use Services

45°E 1983 USSR NK NK NK Indian

3 NK Telephony NK

Type Raduga-14 ( Statsionar-3)


NK=Not Known

85°E NK USSR NK NK NK NK

3 NK Telephony NK


There are numerous earth stations for the Moskva and Ekran networks, including 5,000 TYROs. The Intersputnik system has two earth stations at Dubna (Atlantic Region) and Vladimir (Pacific Region). Inmarsat is accessed through the Centre for International Maritime Satellite Communications at Odessa. Another station, to be known as CIMSC-2, is being built at Odessa.

URUGUAY


Ministerio de Communicaciones Montevideo

Telecommunications

Administracion Nacional de Telecommunications (Antel) Casilla de Correa 1477, Montevideo Telephone: 28 1441 Telex: 398850 ANTEL UY

Broadcasting

Associacon Nacional de Broadcasters Uruguayos (Andebu) Calle Yi 1264, Montevideo Telephone: 900053

Servicio Oficial di Difusion Radioelectrica (Sodre) Mercedes 823, Montevideo Telephone: 90 7661

258



Space Segment

Uses lntelsat.



Location Manga 1 Manga2


%Share 0.1272264 0.050000 1982

Antenna type B A

Date Coverage operational A 1 18 December 1980 Al 15 April1985


Ministry of Communications and Public Works Port Vila Telephone: 2000 Telex: 1025 GENTEL NH

Telecommunications

Vanitel SARL PO Box 164, Port Vila Telephone: 2185 Telex: 1050


None.

VANUATU

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Port Vila

VATICAN CITY

Antenna type B

Vatican City

Date Coverage operational PP 29 May 1979


The Vatican Vatican City, Rome

Telecommunications

Governatorato: Secretariat General Administration de PTI, Vatican City, Rome Telephone: (6) 6982 Telex: 504 2024 DIRGENTEL VA

Broadcasting

Radio Vaticana 00120 Vatican City, Rome Telephone: (6) 6982 Telex: 504 2023 SCVRADIO VA


Space Segment

Via Italy.


Via Italy.


%Share 0.636132 0.050000 0.050000

259

Venezuela

VENEZUELA


Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones Direccion General, Sectorial de Comunicaciones, Apartado 17174, Caracas 1020 Telephone: (2) 509 1700 Telex: 29729 DITEL VC

Telecommunications

Companha Anonima Nacional Telefonos de Venezuela (CANTV) Apartado 1226, 1010 Caracas Telephone: (2) 52 26 24 Telex: 21380 CANTY VC Fax: (2) 573 2408

Broadcasting

Camara Venezolana de Ia Industria de Radiodifusion Apartado 3955, Caracas

Venezola de Television Apartado 3979, Caracas Telephone: 2399811



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat Intelsat

Location Camatagua-1 Camatagua-2 Camatagua-4 Camatagua-5


%Share 0.5089058 1.149790 1973

Antenna type A A B A

Date Coverage operational A1 20 November 1970 AP 21 November 1980 A1 11 August 1983 A2 1987

VIETNAM


Direction Generale des Postes et Telecommunications 18 rue Nguyen du Handi, Hanoi Telephone: 53583

Telecommunications

Direction des Telecommunications 18 rue Nguyen du Handi, Hanoi Telephone: 53583

260

Broadcasting

Vietnam Central Television Giang Vo, Hanoi and 9 Hong Thap Tu Street, Ho Chi Minh City


Organization ITU Intelsat Intersputnik


%Share 0.1272264 0.050000


Space Segment

Uses lntersputnik.

Yemen Arab Republic


There is a USSR-built Lotus-type earth station at Hanoi for access to Intersputnik.

WESTERN SAMOA


Department of Posts and Telecommunications Apia Telephone: 20 471

Telecommunications

General Post Office Apia Telephone: 23 470 Telex: 779 220 PTRGMS SX Fax:24000

Broadcasting

Samoa Broadcasting Service PO Box 200, Apia


None.

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Afiamalu

Antenna type B

Date Coverage operational PP 15 October 1980

YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC


Ministry of Communications and Transport Sana'a Telephone: (2) 71400 Telex: 2340 MOC YE

Telecommunications

Public Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 17045, AI Jiraff, Sana'a Telex: 2617 PTC YE

Cable and Wireless Ltd Co. Gamal Abdul Nasser Street, PO Box 168, Sana'a Telephone: 2139 Telex: 2293 CWOPS YE

Broadcasting

Radio Sana'a Ministry of Information, Sana'a

261

Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0636132 0.219888



Location Sana'a-1 Sana'a-2

Antenna type B A

Date Coverage operational 1P 29 September 1976 A2 16 February 1982

YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF

Government and Telecommunications

Yemen Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 1256, Tawahi, Aden Telephone: 22454 Telex: 2300 YEMENTEL AD

Broadcasting

Democratic Yemen Broadcasting Service State Committee for Information, PO Box 1222, Aden Telephone: 22809



262


%Share 0.0318066


Space Segment



System lntelsat Intersputnik Arabsat

Location Ras Boradli

Antenna type B

under construction under construction

Date Coverage operational 1P 23 June 1981

Zaire

YUGOSLAVIA


Ministry of Yugoslav Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones Palmoticeva 2, 11001 Belgrade Telephone: (11) 338921 Telex: 11421 YU GENTEL Fax: (11) 33 24 14

Telecommunications

Savezna Uprava 2a Radio Veze (SURV)- Federal Directorate of Radiocommunications Terazije 411111, 11000 Belgrade Telephone: (11) 34 60 41

Broadcasting

Jugoslavian Radiotelevision Borisa Kidrica 70/1, BP 284, 11001 Belgrade Telephone: (11) 43 36 93 Telex: 11469 YURATE

Satellite Companies

Iskra Ljubljana Trg Revolucije 3, 61000 Ljubljana Telephone: (061) 213213

Nikolas Testa Tvornica Telekomunikacijskih Uredaja Moskovska 45, Zagreb 41000 Telephone: (041) 565222



Space Segment


%Share 0.2544529 0.217580 0.95712




Location Yugoslavija-1 Yugoslavija-2

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational Il 1 April1974 AP 9 November 1983

ZAIRE


Department of Posts and Telecommunications BP 13798, Kinshasa 1 Telephone: 23428 Telex: 21360 GENTEL

Telecommunications

Directorate of Telecommunications BP 13798, Kinshasa 1 Telephone: 23428 Telex: 21360 GENTEL

Broadcasting

La Voix du Zaire Station Nationale, BP 3171, Kinshasa-Gombe




%Share 0.1272264 0.286292

263

Zambia

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat, including a leased transponder which provides a Rezatelsat service to 13 standard Z stations (14.5m antenna) and master stations at Kinshasa and Lubumbashi.


System Intelsat

Location N'sele

Antenna type A

Date Coverage operational AP 17 June 1971

ZAMBIA


Ministry of Power, Transport and Communications PO Box RW 50005, Lusaka Telephone: 21 32 11 Telex: MPTC ZA 41680

Telecommunications

Posts and Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 71660, N'dola Telephone: 2281 Telex: DGZA 33430

Broadcasting

Zambia Broadcasting Services PO Box 50015, Lusaka Telephone: 218517 Telex: ZBS ZA 41221



Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


%Share 0.0636132 0.098744


System Location Intelsat Mwembeshi-1 Intelsat Mwembeshi-2

Antenna type A A

Date Coverage operational 1P 30 September 1974 AP December 1986

ZIMBABWE


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications PO Box 8061, The Causeway, Harare Telephone: 791711 Telex: 4444 TELINT ZW

Telecommunications

Posts and Telecommunications Corporation PO Box 8061, The Causeway, Harare Telephone: 72 8811 Telex: 4821 PTC HQ ZW

264

Broadcasting

Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation PO Box HG 444, Highlands, Harare Telephone: 46501 Telex: 4175 ZBCHOV ZW


Organization ITU


%Share 0.1272264

Space Segment

Uses Intelsat.


System Intelsat

Location Mazowe

Antenna type A

Zimbabwe

Date Coverage operational A2 9 July 1985

265

SECTION Ill - Springer978-1-349-08103-5/1.pdf · Uses Intelsat. Earth Station Facilities System...

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