Section FH · The design of farm structures and the adoption of farming practices well suited to...

A T L A N T I C E N V I R O N M E N T A L F A R M P L A N W O R K B O O K

Farmstead and Homestead...............................................................................................

Why should you be concerned?

When you selected your farm, you chose to work within specific topographic(landscape) conditions, soil types, water table depth, watercourses and otherecological resources. Your house, barn or other buildings, water well andother structures may have already been built.

You can not change the natural features of your farm, neither can you decidetomorrow morning to relocate the farm buildings and structures. However,the type of soil on your farm and its landscape may influence the type offarming you can do, the conservation practices that may need to beimplemented, the management of inputs and the yields to be targeted. Changes can also be progressively brought to your farm structures, asfinancial conditions permit.

The design of farm structures and the adoption of farming practices wellsuited to your farm's unique conditions can have a significant impact on yourquality of life and even on your community, as well as the profitability ofyour enterprise. Inadequate design and maintenance of farm buildingscould contaminate your water well, nearby watercourses, kill fish and impactrecreational areas.

Most farm wastes or inputs could cause serious harm if accidentallyreleased in the surface or groundwater, in the air, or accessed by children. Your own family could be the first victim. Loss of productivity of your herdor the impact of contaminated irrigation waters on your crops could alsojeopardize the survival of your farm.

Clearly, it is a lot safer, easier and cheaper to prevent contamination than toclean it up after damages have occurred.

Section FH


FH 2

What can you do?

Several measures, some of which are very simple and cheap, can be adopted toreduce risks.

! Make sure you have a good understanding of the natural characteristics ofyour farm’s resources and the inherent challenges they present foragricultural operations;

! Make sure the water you drink and the groundwater that supplies your well are protected from contamination; test your water regularly;

! Protect your drinking water from contamination by storing, managing andhandling inputs and wastes safely; make sure the storage capacity(including your septic system) is adequate;

! Inspect storage structures and handling equipment regularly topreventleaks; monitor the volume of inputs (e.g. fuel) used compared tothe amount purchased; avoid storing excessive amounts of any input onthe farm;

! Reuse all the material and equipment you can. Recycle wherepossible.Take other waste material to a licensed landfill site. These sitesare controlled and monitored to prevent soil and water contamination.Dispose of toxic wastes and dead animals safely;

! If you have a dump on your farm, stop using it. If possible, make a list ofwhat you think is buried and how much. Find out how to reduce the riskof pollution from these materials;

! Reduce as much as possible the use of inputs and energy on your farm. Consider farming practices that improve the natural productivity of the soil. Make efficient use of organic nutrients on your farm. Make sure all inputs are used efficiently and all equipment is energy efficient.

Consult the Environmental Regulations Handbook for Agriculture, which has been prepared by departments of Agriculture and Environment in your province, on issues applying to this section


FH 3

Resource List Farmstead and Homestead

For more information....

Water Source and Management

Environment Canada. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Planning a New Water Well. Pesticide Contamination of Farm Water Supplies: Recommendations on Avoidance and Cleanup

. Water Quality for House and Barn. Water Wells and Groundwater Supplies Recommended Methods for Plugging Abandoned Water Wells. Water Wells : Best Management Practices

New Brunswick Department of Environment . Before You Drill Your Water Well

. Water: Undervalued and Underpriced

. Facts on Water ... Testing Your Well Water

. Our Fresh Water Resources

Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Health. Safe Drinking Water Is Everyones’ Responsibility. The Sanitary Dug Well. A Guide to Safe Drinking Water

Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Environment and Labour. Guidelines for Disinfecting Dug and Drilled Wells

Pesticide Storage and Handling

Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Environment and Labour. Pesticide Applicator Course for Agricultural Producers (Textbook). Pesticide sprayer calibration (Worksheet)

Newfoundland & Labrador Federation of Agriculture. Pesticide Safety

Atlantic Committee on Agricultural Engineering . On-farm Pesticide Storage

Environment Canada. Code of Good Practice for the Handling, Storage, Use and Disposal of Pesticides at Federal Facilities in the Atlantic Region

National Research Council of Canada. Canadian Farm Building Code

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Pesticide Handling Facility. Pesticide Storage, Handling and Application : Best Management Practices


FH 4

Storage and Handling of Fertilizers

Fertilizer Institute of Ontario. Dry Fertilizers Environmental Containment Guidelines

Storage and Handling of Petroleum Products

New Brunswick Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Construction Standards for Installation and Removal of Petroleum

Storage Systems

Environment Canada. Fact Sheet: Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Waste Management

British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Poultry Mortality Composting . Environmental Guidelines for Beef Producers: In British Columbia. Environmental Guidelines for Dairy Producers: In British Columbia. Environmental Guidelines for Horse Owners: In British Columbia. Environmental Guidelines for Poultry Producers: In British Columbia


Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing. Baling Agricultural Plastic. Earthen Manure Storages

Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Environment and Labour. Hazardous Waste in the Province of Newfoundland

New Brunswick Department of Environment. Backyard Magic, The Composting Handbook

New Brunswick Department of Agriculture & Rural Development . On-farm Composting for New Brunswick.

Energy Efficiency

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Planning your Milkhouse. Calorifugeage des bâtiments agricoles. Farm Shop. Good Energy Management in Farm Livestock Buildings. Hot Air Grain Dryers


New Brunswick Department of Environment. Energy Efficiency. Using a hay dryer


FH 5 WATER SOURCE AND MANAGEMENT

Water Source and Management: How do you rate?

Potential for Groundwater and Surface Water Contamination

One of the major concerns in farm planning is contamination of surfacewater and groundwater because of the negative impact on the health ofhumans and livestock, and the environment in general. The following twotables will help you in assessing the potential for contamination of waterresources on and surrounding your farm. This exercise will be done at theworkshop for the EFP workbook with the assistance from workshop leaders.

Table 1 assesses the potential for materials on each of your farmstead(s) tocontaminate surface waters based on the hydraulic properties of the soil andtopography. Again, hydrologic soil groups are used. Soils which are in theVery Slow group will have the greatest accumulation of water on the surfaceduring rainfall and snowmelt events. Water which accumulates on the soilsurface will flow downhill carrying contaminants within this runoff. Theamount of runoff and the distance it will travel will be greatest for long,steep slopes.

Table 2 assesses the potential for materials on your farmstead(s) tocontaminate the groundwater based on the hydraulic properties of your soilsand the depth to the water table, the upper surface of the groundwaterreserve. The major soils in your province have been classified based on thespeed at which water moves into and through the soil. Potential forGroundwater and Surface Water Refer to the list provided by the workshopleader and note which hydrologic soil group the soils on your farm belong -Fast, Moderate, Slow or Very Slow.

To complete your assessment you must also answer the questions that followtables 1 and 2. You are asked several questions to rate the risk ofcontamination of water sources by the various materials on yourfarmstead(s) such as pesticides, petroleum storages, fertilizers, livestockmanure, etc.

Of interest in this rating is the distance between these potentialcontaminants and wells. These inputs could, in addition to thecontamination of the well water, use the channel of the well to very rapidlyreach the groundwater. For this reason unused and abandoned wells areincluded. Wells on adjacent properties should also be considered in yourassessment.

Characteristics of your local climate such as the total precipitation andprobabilities of rainfall and snowmelt events which will generate runoff arenot assessed in this exercise.

There are guidelines and regulations which apply to the sourcing andmanagement of water on your farm. Please consult the EnvironmentalRegulations Handbook for Agriculture which has been prepared bythe departments of Agriculture and Environment in your province. Contactthe government agency responsible if you need more information or if youhave any questions.



Table 1: Potential for Surface Water Contamination

Hydrologic SoilGroup*

Topography (slope gradient)**

Less than 2 % Grade(a and b slopes)***

2 to 5 % Grade(c slopes)

5 to 10 % Grade(d slopes)

Greater than 10 %Grade

(e or steeper slopes)

Fast Very Low Very Low Low Moderate

Moderate Low Low Moderate Moderate

Slow Moderate Moderate High High

Very Slow High High High High

* Hydrologic soil grouping is based on how quickly water will move into and through the soil.** Topography surrounding each farmstead site should be characterized by the steepest and/or longest slopes. A rise of 5 feet over 100 feet is a 5 % grade.*** Slope classes a, b, c, d, e, refer to slope classes on the soils maps.

Summary (Transfer High, Moderate, Low and Very Low ratings from Table 1)

Rating

Site / Group

A B C D E F



Use this table to rate as 1, 2, 3 or 4 the separation distance from possible point sources of contamination to nearest surface water source

Separation DistanceSurface Water Contamination Potential (see Table 2)

High Moderate Low Very Low

Less than 10 m (33 ft) 4 4 4 4

10 to 20 m (33 - 66 ft) 4 4 4 3

20 to 40 m (66 - 132 ft) 4 4 3 2

40 to 75 m (132 - 250 ft) 4 3 2 2

75 to 150 m (250 - 500 ft) 3 2 2 1

More than 150 m (500 ft) 2 2 1 1

Risk Rating 1 (Low) 2 3 4 (High)

Site / Group

A B C D E F

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION - Point Sources

Separation distance from thefollowing sources of possiblecontamination to the nearest surface water source:

Note: For dry fertilizer subtract 1 fromyour risk rating unless your rating is 1 already.

Point Source Pollution: Pollution arising from a well-defined origin,such as a storage facility, loading / mixing area or beef cattle feedlot.

1 Pesticide storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~2 Pesticide mixing ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~3 Fertilizer storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~4 Fertilizer mixing/

loading area ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~5 Petroleum storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~6 Household septic/

wastewater system ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~7 Livestock yard /feedlot ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~8 Manure storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~9 Silage storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~10 Milking centre

washwater system ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

6

5

4

3

1

2

7

8

9

10



Site / Group

A B C D E F


Use this table to rate as 1, 2, 3 or 4 the separation distance from possible non-point sources of contamination to nearest surface water source

Separation DistanceSurface Water Contamination Potential (see Table 2)


Less than 5 m (16 ft) 4 4 4 4

5 to 10 m (16 - 33 ft) 4 4 4 3

10 to 20 m (33 - 66 ft) 4 4 3 2

20 to 40 m (66 - 132 ft) 4 3 2 2

40 to 75 m (132-250 ft) 3 2 2 1

More than 75 m (250 ft) 2 2 1 1

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION - Non-point sources

Separation distance from thefollowing sources of possiblecontamination to the nearestsurface water source:

Non-point Source Pollution: Pollution arising from an ill-defined and diffuse source, such as field applied fertilizers or pesticides.

11 Applied pesticides ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

12 Applied fertilizers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

13 Applied livestock manure ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~13

12

11



Table 2: Potential for Groundwater Contamination

Hydrologic Soil Group*Depth to Water Table**

Less than 1 m 1-5 m (3-16 ft) 5-15 m (16-49 ft) More than 15 m

Fast High High High Moderate

Moderate High High Moderate Low

Slow High Moderate Low Very Low

Very Slow High Low Very Low Very Low

Bedrock within 1 m (3 ft.) High High High High

* Hydrologic soil grouping is based on how quickly water will move into and through the soil.** Depth to water table can be estimated by the normal average water table depth in local wells.

Summary (Transfer High, Moderate, Low and Very Low ratings from Table 2)

Rating Site / Group

A B C D E F



Use this table to rate as 1, 2, 3 or 4 the separation distance from possible point sources of contamination to nearest well

Separation DistanceGroundwater Contamination Potential (see Table 1)


Less than 5 m (16 ft) 4 4 4 4

5 to 10 m (16 - 33 ft) 4 4 4 3

10 to 20 m (33 - 66 ft) 4 4 3 2

20 to 45 m (66 - 150 ft) 4 3 2 2

45 to 90m (150-300 ft) 3 2 2 1

More than 90 m (300 ft) 2 2 1 1


Site / Group

A B C D E F

WELL WATER CONTAMINATION - Point Sources

Separation distance from thefollowing sources of possiblecontamination to the nearest well:

14 Pesticide storage

Note: For dry fertilizer subtract 1 fromyour risk rating unless your rating is 1 already.

Point Source Pollution: Pollution arising from a well-defined origin,such as a storage facility or loading/ mixing area or beef cattle feedlot.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~15 Pesticide mixing / loading area ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~16 Fertilizer storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~17 Fertilizer mixing /

loading area ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~18 Petroleum storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~19 Household septic/

wastewater system ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~20 Livestock yard / feedlot ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~21 Manure storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~22 Silage storage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~23 Mlking centre

washwater system ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

21

16

20

19

18

17

15

14

22

23



Site / Group

A B C D E F


Use this table to rate as 1, 2, 3 or 4 the separation distance from possible non-point sources of contamination to nearest well

Separation DistanceGroundwater Contamination Potential (see Table 1)


Less than 3 m (10 ft) 4 4 4 4

3 to 5 m (10 - 16 ft) 4 4 4 3

5 to 10 m (16 - 33 ft) 4 4 3 2

10 to 20 m (33 - 66 ft) 4 3 2 2

20 to 45 m (66-150 ft) 3 2 2 1

More than 45 m (150 ft) 2 2 1 1

Non-point source pollution: Pollution arising from an ill-defined and diffuse source, such as field applied fertilizers or pesticides.

WELL WATER CONTAMINATION - Non-point sources

Separation distance from thefollowing sources of possiblecontamination to the neareastwell:

24 Applied pesticides ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

25 Applied fertilizers ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

26 Applied manure ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~2626

25

24



Risk Rating 1(Low) 2 3 4(High)

Site / Group

A B C D E F

WELL WATER CONTAMINATION - Point Sources

27 Position of well inrelation to possiblecontamination sources

Upslope from all sourcesof contamination.

Level with, or upslope from, most sources ofcontamination.

All surface water is divertedaway from well.

Downslope from somesources of contamination.

Some surface water runoffmay reach well.

Downslope from mostsources of contamination.

Surface water runoff fromany source of contaminationreaches well.

Settling or depression nearwell casing.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

28 Unused or abandonedwells

No unused or abandonedwells.

Unused wells properlycapped and protected.

Abandoned wells properlyplugged or filled in.

Unused wells not properlycapped and protected.

Abandoned wells notproperly plugged or filled in.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

29 Distance from wellto another existing orabandoned well

More than 90 m (300 ft). 45 to 90 m (150 - 300 ft). 20 to 45 m (66 - 150 ft). Less than 20 m (66 ft).~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

WELL WATER SOURCE

30 Type of well Drilled Sand point Dug well, or spring.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

31 Age of well Less than 20 years old. 20 to 40 years old. 40 to 60 years old. More than 60 years old.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

32 Condition of casing, well cap and vent

Good condition.No defects visible.

Cap tightly secured.

Screened well vent.

No defects visible.

Cap tightly secured.

Well vent not screened.

No holes or cracksvisible.

Cap loose.

Well vent not screened.

Holes or cracks visible. Canhear water running into well.

Cap loose or missing.

No well vent.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


WELL WATER SOURCE Cont’d

33 Condition of surface material and well casing

No settling of the surfacematerial around well casing.

No space between wellcasing and surroundingsurface material.

Can see settling of surfacematerial around well casing.

Can see settling of surfacematerial around well casing.

and visible space betweenwell casing and surroundingsurface material.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

34 Casing depth More than 46 m (l50 ft)below ground level.

30 to 46 m (100-150 ft)below ground level.

15 to 30 m (50-100 ft)below ground level.

Less than 15 m (50 ft)OR No casing. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

35 Casing height above ground level

30 cm (12 in) or more abovenormal ground level.

Between 20 - 30 cm (8 - 12in) above normal groundlevel.

Less than 20 cm (8 in) abovenormal ground levelor in pit or basement.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~WATER MANAGEMENT

36 Backflow prevention on water supply

Anti-backflow devices (suchas check valves) installed onall faucets with hoseconnections.

Air gap of at least 15 cm(6 in) maintained.

No cross-connectionsbetween water supplies.

Anti-backflow devicesinstalled on some faucetswith hose connections.


Controlled cross-connectionsbetween two or more watersupplies.

No anti-backflow devices.


Controlled cross-connectionsbetween two or more watersupplies.

No anti-backflow devices.

Air gap not maintained.

Opened cross-connectionsbetween two or more watersupplies.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


WATER MANAGEMENT Cont’d

37 Water testing Water is tested once a year.

Water quality is alwayssatisfactory.

Bacteria, nitrate and othertests results always meet theCanada Drinking WaterGuidelines.

Water tested once a year.

Water quality is usuallysatisfactory.

Does not always meet theCanada Drinking WaterGuidelines.

Water is tested less than oncea year.

Water quality is usuallysatifactory.

Does not always meet theCanada Drinking WaterGuidelines.

Water is not tested.

Water quality not alwaysgood. Colour, taste, smelland clarity changes.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

38 Knowledge of water use and supply system

All water use monitored(metered and logged).

Efficiency of system ischecked and improved wherepossible.

Water supply is adequate forintended use.

All water use monitored.

Water supply system ischecked regularly for leaks. Leaks fixed when found.

Water use not monitored.

Water supply system is notinspected but problems arefixed when found.

Water use not monitored.

Little knowledge of locationand condition of farm waterdistribution system,including leaks.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

39 Impacts of water use on other waterusers

Quantity and quality of waterare not changed as a result offarm use.

Quantity and/or quality ofwater is slightly changed butdoes not have a negativeimpact on downstream waterusers, including naturalsystems.

Quantity and/or quality ofwater is slightly changed andhas a negative impacton other water users,including natural systems.

Quantity and/or quality ofwater is greatly changed andhas a negative impact onother water users, includingnatural systems.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

40 Water use for crop irrigation

refer to Soil and Crop Management questions 24, 25 and 26, page SC 22~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


WATER MANAGEMENT Cont’d

41 Legal requirements for water use

Good knowledge of purposeand requirements of allapplicable laws andregulations.

All required permitsobtained. All permitrequirements have been met.

Records kept of water use.

General knowledge ofpurpose and requirements oflaws and regulations.

All required permitsobtained.

Records kept of water use.

Not familiar with purposeand requirements of laws andregulations.

Required permits obtained.

No records kept of water use.

Not aware of laws andregulations regarding the useof water.

Not aware of permitsrequired for water use.

OR Aware but permits notobtained.

No records kept of water use.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Pesticide Storage and Handling: How do you rate?Questions rating the management of pesticides are in Section SC on Soil and Crop Management. There areguidelines and regulations which apply to the storage, handling and use of pesticides on the farm. Please consult theEnvironmental Regulations Handbook for Agriculture which has been prepared by the departments ofAgriculture and Environment in your province. Contact the government agency responsible if you need moreinformation or if you have any questions.


FH 16 PESTICIDE STORAGE AND HANDLING


Site / Group

A B C D E F

PESTICIDE STORAGE

1 Total amount of pesticide stored

No pesticides stored longerthan immediate use period. Surplus returned to vendor.

Less than 25 L (5.5 gal) ORless than 25 kg (55 lbs) intotal of pesticide stored forlonger than immediate useperiod.

25-200 L (5.5-44 gal)OR 25-200 kg (55 - 440 lbs)in total of pesticide storedfor longer than immediateuse period.

More than 200 L (44 gal) ORmore than 200 kg (440 lbs)in total of pesticide stored forlonger than immediate useperiod.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Immediate Use Period : There is a maximum one month delay between the date of receiving and the date when the product is used.

2 Pesticide storage area Stored in a separate freestanding building or cabinetused only for pesticides.

Stored in a designated area, with separation walls, withina building.

Storage area may be adjacentto non-food items such asseed, farm equipment, etc.

Stored in several designatedareas, each with separationwalls, within more than onebuilding.

Storage area may be adjacentto non-food items such asseed, farm equipment, etc.

Stored with human or animalfood.

OR Stored in residence.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


PESTICIDE STORAGE Cont'd

3 Human Safety Meets the followingrequirements for pesticidestorage:

(a) locked door - outdoor entrance only

(b) ventilated to outside - mechanical

(c) warning sign at entrance

(d) emergency telephone numbers (and procedures) posted

(e) only labelled containers are stored

(f) respiratory equipment and protective clothing always worn.

Meets the following requirements for pesticidestorage:

(a) locked door

(b) ventilated to outside - natural

(c) warning sign at entrance

(d) emergency telephone numbers (and procedures) posted

(e) only labelled containers are stored

(f) respiratory equipment and protective clothing always worn.

Any of the following:

(a) no locked door

(b) no ventilation

(c) no warning sign at entrance

(d) no emergency telephone numbers posted

(e) only unlabelled containers are stored

(f) no respiratory equipment or protective clothing worn.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

4 Spills or leakscontainment in storagearea

Impermeable floor (e.g. sealed concrete) doesnot allow spills to soak intosoil.

Curb installed on floor tocontain leaks and spills.

No floor drain or floordrained to acceptable holdingtank.

Impermeable floor with curbinstalled, but has cracks,allowing spills to get intosoil.

OR Impermeable floorwithout cracks, but no curbinstalled.


Permeable surface (e.g.wooden floor) has cracks. Spills could contaminatewood or soil.

No curb installed.


Permeable surface (gravel ordirt floor). Spills wouldcontaminate soil.

No curb installed.

Has floor drain that leadsto tile drain, surface watersource, etc.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


MIXING AND LOADING PESTICIDES

5 Backflow prevention on water supply

Water tank used as watersupply.

Anti-backflow device(check valve) installed.

Permanently fixed 15 cm(6 in) air gap above sprayertank.

No anti-backflow device.

Air gap of at least 15 cm(6 in) maintained abovesprayer tank.

No anti-backflow device.

No air gap maintained abovesprayer tank. Hose in tank.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

6 Spills and leakscontainment in mixing/loading area

Has a permanent roof andimpermeable floor with curb.

No floor drain orfloor drain to acceptableholding tank.

Temporary mixing/loadingarea with plastic lined berm.

Regular mixing/loadingarea has no containmentto prevent soilcontamination.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

7 Filling supervision Constant. Someone isalways watching the tankduring filing to ensure nooverflows.

Frequent supervision. Seldom or never supervised.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

8 Disposal of sprayerrinsate (rinse water)

Sprayer rinsate applied tocrops listed on label.

Applied more than 10 m (33 ft) from surface watersource.

and More than 60 m (200 ft)from well.


Applied more than 10 m (33 ft) from surface watersource.

and 45 to 60 m (150-200 ft)from well.


Applied less than 10 m (33 ft) from surface watersource.

OR Less than 45 m (150 ft)from well.

Sprayer rinsate applied tocrops not listed on label.

OR Dumped at farmstead.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

9 In-field mixing andloading of pesticides

refer to Pest Management, question 13, page SC 33~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


DISPOSAL OF PESTICIDE CONTAINERS

10 Return, rinsing and disposal

Containers triple rinsed orpressure rinsed and taken torecycling depot.

OR Use of returnable orrefillable containers.

Triple or pressure rinsedcontainers and empty bagstaken to licensed landfill orwaste disposal site.

Improper disposal of containers on farm (burial or burning).

OR Improperly rinsedcontainers taken to recycling,licensed landfill or wastedisposal site.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

EMERGENCY PLAN

11 Emergency plan andclean up materials forspills

Written emergency plan andspill clean up materialsavailable.

Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS) on file.

Written emergency plan andspill clean up materialsavailable.

Written emergency plan or spill clean up materialsavailable but not both.

No emergency plan prepared.

No clean up equipmentavailable.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

PESTICIDE TRANSPORTATION

12 Transportation Pesticides are secured(containers sealed andimmovable) duringtransportation.

Pesticides are not transportedwith human or animal food,household furnishings,toiletries, clothes, bedding orsimilar items.

Capable of responding to aspill.

Pesticides are not securedduring transportation.

Pesticides are transportedwith human or animal food,household furnishings,toiletries, clothes, bedding orsimilar items.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Fertilizer Storage and Handling: How do you rate?The questions below apply to dry fertilizers (organic and inorganic), not liquid or gaseous (i.e. anhydrous ammonia)fertilizers. If you are handling large quantities of liquid or gaseous fertilizers, contact your department of Agriculturefor additional requirements. Questions rating the management of fertilizers are in the Soil and CropManagement section. Guidelines and regulations apply to the storage, handling and use of fertilizers on your farm. Consult the Environmental Regulations Handbook for Agriculture in your province. Contact thegovernment agency responsible if you need more information or if you have any questions.


FH 20 FERTILIZER STORAGE AND HANDLING

Risk Rating 1(Low) 2 3 4 Best

Site / Group

A B C D E F

FERTILIZER STORAGE

1 Amount stored No fertilizer stored longerthan than immediate useperiod (30 days) and nosurplus fertilizer left.

Less than 1 tonne (1 ton)stored for longer thanimmediate use period(e.g. during fertilizationoperations).

1-20 tonne (1-22 ton)stored for longer thanimmediate use period.

More than 20 tonnes (22 tons) stored for longerthan immediate use period.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

2 Type of storage (cover and surface)

Stored in a building(protected from rainfalland runoff) on animpermeable surface(e.g. sealed concrete).

Spills are contained andcleaned up.

Stored in a building(protected from rainfalland runoff) on soil.

Spills are contained andcleaned up.

Stored on soil with atemporary cover(protected from rainfalland runoff).

Spills are not contained and cleaned up.

Stored on soil with no cover.

Spills are not collected.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

3 Security Locked fenced area or lockedbuilding separate from allother activities.

Fenced area or buildingseparate from all otheractivities that could damagecontainers or spill fertilizers.

Area open to activities thatcould damage containers orspill fertilizers.

Area open to theft, vandalismand children. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


Risk Rating 1(Low) 2 3 4 Best

Site / Group

A B C D E F

FH 21 FERTILIZER STORAGE AND HANDLING

FERTILIZER HANDLING

4 Cleanup Impermeable pad (e.g. sealedconcrete) swept daily afteruse.

Impermeable pad (e.g. sealedconcrete) not swept dailyafter use.

No pad. Clay soil, not sweptor cleaned after use.

No pad. Sandy soil, notswept or cleaned after use. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

5 Management Neat and tidy fertilizerstorage and handling area.

Emergency plan in place. Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS) on hand whereavailable.

Operator looking forimproved ways to handleproduct.

Neat and tidy fertilizerstorage and handling area.

Emergency plan in place.

Neat and tidy fertilizerstorage and handling area.

No emergency plan.

Untidy fertilizer storage andhandling area.

No emergency plan.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

6 In-field mixing andloading of fertilizers

Refer to Nutrient Management , question 13, page SC 28

Storage of Petroleum Products: How do you rate?

There are guidelines and regulations which apply to the storage of petroleum products and the installation, and theremoval of fuel tanks on your farm. Application of regulations pertaining to fuel tanks is dependent upon the type andsize of tank. Please consult the Environmental Regulations Handbook for Agriculture which has beenprepared by the departments of Agriculture and Environment in your province. Contact the government agencyresponsible if you need more information or if you have any questions.


STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTSFH 22


Site / Group

A B C D E F

ALL TANK SYSTEMS (Storage tank, pump, hoze, nozzle, meter)

1 Installation Where required by law, tanksare installed by a registeredcontractor.

OR Installation supervised bya registered contractor.

Where required by law, tanksare not installed by aregistered contractor.

OR Installation notsupervised by a registeredcontractor.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

2 Dispenser (nozzle) ULC approved.

Continuous supervision- requires constant handpressure to operate. Automatically shuts offwhen tank is full or handle isreleased.

OR Hand pump is used (not electric).

ULC approved.

A certified latch-open deviceon nozzle - shuts off whentank is full or when nozzlefalls out of filling neck.

Not ULC approved.

No automatic shut off.

No one present during adispensing operation.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

3 Method of refuelling tanks

Refuelling done by a licensedoperator.

Drums used to transport fuelfor refuelling. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Jerome Damboise



Site / Group

A B C D E F


ALL TANK SYSTEMS Cont’d

4 Method of refuellingvehicles and implements

Refuelling done at a servicestation or at farm tanksource.

Refuelling done in the fieldfrom approved containers.

Refuelling done fromunapproved containers. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

5 Written emergency planand clean up equipmentfor spills

Emergency plan at facilityshows actions to be taken incase of spill, leak, fire orexplosion.

Spill clean up equipment atsite.

Emergency plan at facility. Emergency plan not preparedor not at facility. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

6 Security Always secured and lockedwhen not in use.

Often secured and lockedwhen not in use.

Seldom secured and lockedwhen not in use.

Never locked nor securedwhen not in use. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

ABOVE GROUND TANK SYSTEMS

7 Type of tank andexternal protectionagainst corrosion

Steel tank coated withprotective covering.

ULC approved.

Steel tank with no protectivecovering.

Fibreglass tank.

Not ULC approved.

Not registered with and notapproved by the provincewhere required.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

8 Fuel dispensing All fuel pumped through topof tank.

Fuel dispensed from tank bygravity. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

9 Protection against spills Has impervious dikes to holdmore than 110 % of tankvolume or has a double wall.

Rain water removed tomaintain capacity.

Has dikes impervious to hold110 % of tank volume ordouble wall.

Rain water removed tomaintain capacity.

No dikes.

OR Dikes hold less than 110 % of tank capacity.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


ABOVE GROUND TANK SYSTEMS Cont’d

10 Monitoring: Dike orwall conforming toCode is in place. Bottom and sides oftank and piping areclearly visible.

Monitoring at least once aweek:• visual inspection for

leaks and corrosion• inspection of diked area

for any product leak orspill

• record of inspection made

• records kept for life of tank

No monitoring.

OR Monitoring done lessfrequently than once a week.

OR Records not kept.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

11 Combustible materials No combustible materialsnear tanks - metal or concretetank supports.

Combustible material neartanks, such as woodsupports.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

12 Separation Distances Minimum distances:• 3 m (10 ft) from a building• 7 m (25 ft) from another fuel tank• 1 m (3 ft) from property line.

Less than any of thefollowing:• 3 m (10 ft) from a building• 7 m (25 ft) from another fuel tank• 1 m (3 ft) from property line.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

13 Transportable containers (drums)

ULC approved. All fuelpumped through the top of container.

No combustible materialsnear containers.

Clean up materials available.


No combustible materialsnear containers.


Not ULC approved.

OR Gravity flow tank.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


UNDERGROUND TANK SYSTEMS

14 Type of tank and external protection against corrosion

Registered with andapproved by the province.

Not registered with and notapproved by the provincewhere required.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

15 Age of tank Steel tank installed withinthe last 15 years and meetstoday's installationspecifications.

Steel tank installed more than15 years ago but meetstoday's installationspecifications.

Steel tank installed withinthe last 15 years ago butdoes not meet today'sinstallation specifications.

Steel tank installed more than15 years ago and does notmeet today's installationspecifications.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

16 Unused tanks No below ground storagetanks ever installed.

Unused tanks and pipingproperly removed.

Unused tank and piping notremoved or not removedproperly.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~17 Separation distances Minimum distances:

• 1 m (3 ft) from a building

• 0.7 m (2 ft) from anotherfuel tank

• 1.5 m (5 ft) from property line.

Less than any of thefollowing:

• 1 m (3 ft) from a building• 0.7 m (2 ft) from another fuel tank• 1.5 m (5 ft) from property line.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Site / Group

A B C D E F


UNDERGROUND TANK SYSTEMS Cont’d

18 Monitoring Maintain an inventorycontrol system for each tank

If tank is metered:

• amount used measured and recorded

• amount in tank measureddaily and compared with recorded use

• records kept for life of tank

• visual inspection for leaks and spills (e.g.hoses, etc.).

If tank is not metered:

• twice per month tank is not used for 12 hours• level of fuel in tank at

start is measured,recorded, and comparedwith level offuel measured at the endof 12 hour period

• records kept for life oftank

• visual inspection forleaks or spills (e.g. hoses,etc.).

No inventory control.

OR Records not kept.

OR Inventory control doneless frequently than required.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


FH 27 MANAGEMENT OF FARM WASTES

Management of Farm Wastes: How do you rate?Questions rating the management of animal manures are in Section LP on Livestock and Poultry Management. For materials which are labelled, follow the instructions for use, storage and disposal. There are guidelines andregulations which apply to the storage and disposal of wastes, such as petroleum products, asbestos, etc., on your farm. Please consult the Environmental Regulations Handbook for Agriculture which has been prepared by thedepartments of Agriculture and Environment in your province. Contact the government agency responsible if you needmore information or if you have any questions.

Risk Rating 1 (Low 2 3 4 (High)

Group / Site

A B C D E F

DEAD ANIMALS

1 Small animals(chickens, turkeys, ducks,geese, etc.)

Stored in freezer as soon aspossible after death and heldfor pickup by deadstockservice.

Buried on farm:• away from watercourses• under 0.6 m (2 ft) of earth• within 24 hours of death.

OR Composted

Decomposition pits used onthe farm.

Carcasses left outside onground for scavengers or inmanure storage.

OR Burned in an unapprovedincinerator on the farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

2 Large animals(swine, cattle, horses,sheep, goats, etc.)

Picked up by deadstockservice within 24 hours ofdeath.

Buried on farm:• away from watercourses• under 0.6 m (2 ft) of earth• within 24 hours of death.

OR Composted, if possible

Carcasses left outside onground for scavengers, or inmanure storage.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

ANIMAL HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS

3 Banned products Returned to place ofpurchase.

OR Immediately disposed ofat depot for hazardousmaterials (consult yoursupplier or veterinarian).

Stored in an appropriatestorage area on the farm forfuture disposal at depotfor hazardous materials(consult your supplier orveterinarian).

Stored indefinitely in anappropriate storage areaon the farm.

Stored in an inappropriatestorage area on the farm.

Disposed of product bydumping or burning onthe farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


ANIMAL HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS Cont’d

4 Leftover and usable Used up for its intended andregistered purpose.

AND Stored in originalcontainer in an appropriatestorage area (consult yoursupplier and/or veterinarian).

More product used thanneeded.

OR Stored in opencontainers, or not inoriginal containers.

OR Disposed of by dumpingor burning on the farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

5 Leftover and not usable (past "best before date", contaminated, no animalsthat can use it, etc.)

Returned to place ofpurchase.

OR Immediate disposed of atdepot for hazardous materials(consult your supplier orveterinarian).

Stored in an appropriatestorage area on the farm forfuture disposal at a depot forhazardous materials (consultyour supplier orveterinarian).

Stored indefinitely in anappropriate storage area onthe farm.

Stored in an inappropriatestorage area on the farm.

Product disposed of bydumping or burning onthe farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS

6 Packaging(paper, plastic, cardboard,wood, bottles twine,fencing, wire, bags, skids,plastic mulches, horticultural containers,feed containers, etc.)

Packages are emptied andcleaned. Reused, or recycledwhere possible.

Where reuse or recycling isnot possible, disposal at alicensed landfill or wastedisposal site.

Packages are emptied andcleaned.

Stored in an appropriatestorage area on the farm fordisposal (within a reasonableamount of time) at a licensedlandfill or waste disposalsite.

Packaging and any unusedproduct disposed of bydumping or burning on farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS Con’t

7 Petroleum productpackaging

(oil, fuel, lubricants,paints, etc.)

Packages are emptied andcleaned.

Reused, or recycled wherepossible. Where reuse orrecycling is not possible,disposal at a licensed landfillor waste disposal site.

Product used up, packagesallowed to dry completely.

Stored them in anappropriate storage fordisposal (within a reasonableamount of time) at a licensedlandfill or waste disposalsite.

Packages and any unusedproduct disposed of bydumping or burning on farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

FARM STRUCTURES

8 Building components(wood frames, glass, sheetsteel, plastic, shingles,etc.)

Stored safely on farm forfuture reuse or recycling.Remaining materialsdisposed of at licensedlandfill or waste disposalsite.

All materials disposed of atlicensed landfill or wastedisposal site.

Buried or left in a pileon farm.

OR Wood, plastics, andshingles burned in open fires.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

9 Restricted use oldbuilding components (insulation, pressure asbestos materials, composite products, treated lumber, etc.)

Materials that can't be reusedor recycled, taken to licensedlandfill, waste disposal siteor depot for hazardousmaterials.

All materials disposed atlicensed landfill or wastedisposal site.

Buried or left in a pileon farm.

OR Flammable materialsburned on farm.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

10 Inert old components (machinery, equipment,

vehicles, refrigerator, other appliances, etc.)

Reused or recycled wherepossible. Other equipmentand remaining parts taken toscrap dealers.

Refrigerant, oil, fuel andantifreeze removed andproperly disposed.

Disposal of liquids: Refer toquestions 13 & 14.

All materials sent to scrapdealers.

Refrigerant , oil, fuel andantifreeze removed andproperly disposed.

Disposed at a licensedlandfill or waste disposalsite.

Disposed of on farm.

Refrigerant, oil, fuel andantifreeze not removed.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Con’t

11 Restricted use oldcomponents (lead-acid batteries, nickel- cadmium batteries, pressurized tanks)

Reused or recycled wherepossible.

Components that can't bereused or recycled takento supplier or depot forhazardous materials.

Stored on farm in anappropriate storage for futuredisposal at a licensed landfillor waste disposal site.

Disposed of on farm.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

12 Tires Reused where possible. Disposed of at a recyclingdepot.

Disposed of at a licensedlandfill or waste disposal site.

Disposed of by dumping orburning on farm. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

PRESERVATIVES

13 Leftover and usable (adhesives, paints, cleaners, lubricants, etc.)

Safely stored on farm andused up as needed, sharedwith a neighbour or broughtto recycling depot.

Hazardous products taken tohazardous waste depot.

Products that are nothazardous taken to licensedlandfill site or waste disposalsite.

All products taken to alicensed landfill or wastedisposal site.


14 Used motor oil Reused as a lubricant onequipment, making sure notto apply too much.

OR Taken to a used oilrecycling depot.

OR Taken to licensed wasteoil collection or hazardouswaste depot.

Disposed of at a licensedlandfill or waste disposal site.


DUMPS

15 Existing on-farmdumps (for materialsproduced by that farmoperation, etc.)

No dump on farm. Small amount of inertmaterials stored on naturallydry sites fenced off toprevent entry.

Potentially hazardousmaterials are present and siteis not fenced to prevententry.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


DUMPS Cont’d

16 Organic waste dumps(vegetable cull piles, etc.)

No dump on farm.

Organic waste composted.

Vegetable culls compostedor fed to livestock.

Vegetable culls spread onfield and tilled under.

Dumped in remote areas,away from neighbours andsurface water sources.

Vegetable culls dumpedaway from vegetableproducing fields and farmbuildings.

Piles not buried.

Dumped near neighbours orsurface water source.

Vegetable culls dumped nearvegetable producing fields.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

DESIGN OF HOUSEHOLD WASTEWATER/SEPTIC SYSTEM

17 Design and construction System installed by alicensed contractor and/orinspected by qualifiedpersonnel.

Has Certificate of Approval.

System properly designedand adequately sized.

System not installed by alicensed contractor and notinspected by qualifiedpersonnel.

No Certificate of Approval.

System is not properlydesigned: inadequate storage,inadequate weeping bed,connected to drainage tile, orempties into ditches orstreams.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

18 Disposal of pumpage from septic tanks,other treatment systems,and holding tanks

Disposal done by a licensedcontractor on a regular basis.

Disposal done by a licensedcontractor, not on a regularbasis.

Pumped by farmer andspread on farm field wherepermitted.

Septic tank pumped on aregular basis.

Disposal not done by alicensed contractor, whererequired.

Improper disposal ofpumpage.

Septic tank not pumped on aregular basis.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


FH 32 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Energy Efficiency: How do you rate?The questions in this subsection relate to many aspects of farm operations which are covered in the other subsections ofthis workbook. Contact the government agency responsible for energy in your province if you need more informationor if you have any questions.

Risk Rating 1(Low) 2 3 4 (High)

Group / Site

A B C D E F

FIELD OPERATIONS

1 Use of fuel Tractor size match size ofimplements.

When possible, more thanone operation done in eachfield pass.

Practices "Gear-up - Throttledown" driving.

Tires inflated properly.

Radial Tires.

Any 3 of items in Low risk (1) column.


Large tractor used with smallimplements.

Single operation done in eachfield pass.

Black exhaust smoke showstractor is overworked.

Tires not inflated properly.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

2 Maintenance of machinery

Follows recommendedmaintenance schedule.

Preventative maintenancedone regularly.

Follows recommendedmaintenance schedule.

Minimum preventativemaintenance.

Nothing is fixed until it'sbroken.

No preventative maintenance.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


FIELD OPERATIONS Cont'd

3 Energy inputs required to produce the crop

Soil testing and analysis doneregularly.

Manure testing doneregularly.

Crop rotation used.

Livestock / green manureused to reduce the use ofmanufactured fertilizers.



No soil testing done.

No manure testing done.

No crop rotation.

Manufactured fertilizers usedevery year with noadjustment in amountapplied.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

BUILDINGS

4 Main source of lighting Energy efficient controls(timer, dimmers, light ormotion sensors).

Fluorescent lighting withhigh efficient ballast (electricballast).

High pressure sodium lightsfor outdoors.

Small directed task lightingindoors.

Designed lighting system.

Automatic controls forenergy management.

Some dimmer controls.

Fluorescent lighting withstandard ballast.

Some task lighting.

Manual controls for energymanagement.

Screw base fluorescent lightsOR high efficiencyincandescent lights.

Manual controls for on/offonly.

Incandescent lighting.

Mercury vapour outdoorlighting.

No controls.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

5 Energy use efficiency Inspection of energyefficiency for each operation.

Management for energyefficiency.

Assessment (writtenquestionnaire) of energyefficiency for each operation.

Management for energyefficiency Energy use analysed from

utility bill and charged todifferent operations.

No idea of amount of energyused by different operations. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


BUILDINGS Cont’d

6 Insulated farmbuildings (heated orrefrigerated)

(a) applies to potato and vegetable storages

(b) applies to poultryhouses, particularlybroilers

(a) Insulated walls (R30) and ceiling (R40).

(b) Insulated walls (R20) and ceiling (R30).

AND

Continuous air/vapourbarrier.

Tight fitting doors andwindows.

Sealed with caulking andweather stripping.

Protection against rodents.

(a) Insulated walls (R30) and ceiling (R40).

(b) Insulated walls (R20) and ceiling (R30).

AND


Good fitting doors andwindows.

Joints caulked butcracks visible.

(a) Insulated walls (R12-R30) and ceiling(R20-R40).

(b) Insulated walls (R12-R20) and ceiling(R20-R30).

AND


Poor fitting doors andwindows.

No caulking used.

Insulation slumped, wetor deteriorated.

No vapour barrier.

Poor fitting doors andwindows.

Cracks at joints largerthan 6 mm (1/4 in).

Building is drafty, hascold spots.

Missing wall sheathing.

Evidence of rodents in walls.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


BUILDINGS Cont'd

7 Greenhouse construction

Insulated foundation walland insulated pipestransferring heat from sourceto greenhouse.

Covering material is tight(acrylic, glass, polyethylene)

Vents have gaskets.

Ridge and furrow withsnow melt.

Insulated north walls. Moveable insulation(e.g. thermal curtains).

Double layer covering,rigid or air inflated.

Insulated foundation walland heat transfer pipes.

Covering material is tight(acrylic, glass, polyethylene)

Vents have gaskets.

Ridge and furrow with snowmelt.

Foundation in goodcondition but not insulated. Insulated heat transfer pipes.

Air and water leaksthrough covering material.

No gaskets on vents.

Free-standing greenhouse.

No insulation on foundationwalls or heat transfer pipes. Broken foundation withholes.

Covering material is broken,perforated or torn.

No gaskets on vents.

Free-standing greenhouse.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

8 Cold storage maintenance

Hot gas refrigerant isrecovered.

Adequately designed andmaintained cooling system.

Storage temperaturesensing equipment.

Plastic door strip.

Good air distributionin storage area.

Fast cool-down beforecold storage.

Designed cooling system.

Regular equipmentmaintenance.

Storage temperaturesensing equipment.

Plastic door strip.

Cooling system not properlydesigned.

Equipment repaired asrequired.

Thermometers for maximumtemperatures.

Plastic door strip.

No hot gas recovery.

Poorly maintainedequipment. Dirty condensercoils.

No temperature sensors.

Open doors. Lots of airdrafts.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Group / Site

A B C D E F


BUILDINGS Cont’d

9 Ventilation of farm buildings

Well maintained, computercontrolled ventilation system.

Well maintained thermostatcontrolled system.

Poorly maintained vents- fans are dirty or damaged.

OR Manually controlledventilation system.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

10 Heating system efficiency

Well maintained, highefficiency heating system.

Well maintained heatingsystem.

Poorly maintained heatingsystem.

OR Obsolete heating system.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

CROP DRYING

11 Crop drying method

Crop dried in the field. Low temperature drying.

OR Natural air drying.

OR Grain bed is more than1 m (3 ft) deep.

Conventional column dryeruses heat recirculation.

OR Heat exchanger.

Automatic batch dryer.

OR Conventional columndryer with grain bed 0.5 m(1.5 ft) deep.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

12 High temperature drying

Continuous flow bin dryer.

OR Elevated in-bin dryer.

Conventional column dryerusing heat recirculation orheat exchanger.

OR Heated air bin dryer.

OR Practising dryeration /cooleration.

No overdrying of grain.

Conventional column dryerwithout heat recovery.

OR Automatic batch dryer.

Grain overdried tocompensate for inadequateaeration in storage. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

13 Low temperature natural air drying

Crop dried in the field. Natural air drying. Low temperature drying.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Section FH · The design of farm structures and the adoption of farming practices well suited to...

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Transcript of Section FH · The design of farm structures and the adoption of farming practices well suited to...