Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves —...
-
Upload
arabella-floyd -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves —...
![Page 1: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Section 4
Sound and Hearing
![Page 2: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Properties of Sound Waves
• Sound waves are longitudinal waves —compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.
• Many behaviors of sound can be explained using a few properties—speed, intensity and loudness, and frequency and pitch.
![Page 3: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Speed of Sound
• Speed of a wave depends on the medium it travels in
• The speed of sound is determined by the temperature, elasticity, and density of the medium through which the sound travels.
![Page 4: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Speed of Sound
• Temperature:• Low temperatures makes the medium vibrate
slower, Hence slowing the speed of sound• Elasticity: • Solids are generally more elastic than liquids
and liquids are generally more elastic than gases
• Density: • If the medium is the same, the speed of sound is
slower the more dense it is.
![Page 5: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Intensity and Loudness
• The amount of energy carried by a wave in a certain amount of time
• Intensity determines the loudness of a sound
• Intensity scale is measured in the unit Decibel (dB)
Over 140 dB is painful for humans
Instant Perforation of Eardrum 160 dB
![Page 7: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Frequency and Pitch
• Pitch:
• A description of a sound as high or low
• The pitch of a sound wave is determined by how the number of waves produced in a given time (Frequency)
• Thus the pitch of a sound depends on the frequency of waves
![Page 8: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Frequency and Pitch
• Humans can hear from about 20 to 20,000 hertz
• Sounds higher than 20,000 hertz are known as Ultrasonic
• Sounds lower than 20 hertz are known as Infrasonic
![Page 9: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Doppler Effect
• Occurs whenever there is motion between the source of a sound and its receiver
Link
If you are in front of the source the frequency ishigher hence producing a higher pitch sound
If you are behind the source the frequency is lower,hence producing a lower pitch sound
![Page 10: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Doppler Effect
![Page 11: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sound Uses
• Sound has many applications in the medical field, cleaning, and locating objects.
![Page 12: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sonar
• Sound Navigation and Ranging• High frequency ultrasonic waves used to see
using sound.• Research ships use this to find sunken ships.• The Navy used it to map all of the worlds
oceans, submarines use it to see, and battleships use it to find subs.
• Fishing boats use it to find fish.• Cameras use it to automatically focus.
![Page 13: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Images from SONAR
• Fish
![Page 14: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• USS Utah
![Page 15: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Volcano on the sea floor
![Page 16: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ultrasonic Cleansing
• Used on objects that are too delicate to clean with sponges
• Jewelry, electronic components, delicate machine parts.
• Teeth are also cleaned ultrasonically
![Page 17: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ultrasonic Cleansing
![Page 18: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sound and Medicine
• Used to diagnose medical problems
• Used as an X-ray
• Used to take pictures of babies (Ultrasound)
• Used to destroy calcium build-ups in the body (kidney stones, gall stones)
![Page 19: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ultrasound Images
![Page 20: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Kidney Stone
It workslike this!!
![Page 21: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Ear
• In humans, the organ of the body that detects sound is the ear.
• There are three parts to the human ear
• Outer
• Middle
• Inner
![Page 22: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Outer Ear
• The outer ear acts a funnel for the sound waves entering the ear
• The sound waves are moved down the ear canal to the Eardrum (a lightly stretched membrane)
• The ear canal has wax in it to keep the eardrum moist
Link
![Page 24: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Middle Ear
• Contains the three smallest bones in the human body
• The Hammer – picks up the vibrations from the eardrum
• The Anvil – gets the vibrations from the hammer and transmits them to
• The Stirrup – it transmits its vibrations to another membrane
![Page 25: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Inner Ear
• The vibrations are channeled into the Cochlea
• Cochlea – shaped like a snail shell contains a liquid and hundreds of cells connected to nerve fibers.
• These nerve fibers form one nerve that send impulses to the brain where it is interpreted as sound
![Page 27: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cochlea
![Page 28: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How The Ear Works
![Page 29: Section 4 Sound and Hearing Properties of Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves — compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53f81/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Reviewing Concepts
• 1. List five properties used to explain the behavior of sound waves.
• 2. Name two uses for ultrasound.
• 3. What is the Doppler effect?
• 4. What are the ear’s three main regions? Describe the function of each region.