Section 3The Cell Cycle

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Human Cheek Cells…

What are 3 reasons your body should be growing more cheek cells as we are talking ?

The life cycle of a cell is called the:

•As puppies grow, they go through stages

• Cells pass through different stages too

In Prokaryotic Cells…

Cell division in bacteria is called Cell division in bacteria is called

Which means splitting into two Which means splitting into two partsparts

•The circular DNA is copied and each new cell gets one copy

Diagram showing binary fission: c

cir

•THERE IS MORE DNA THAN IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS

•DNA IS PACKAGED IN CHROMOSOMES

•Chromosomes contain both DNA and protein

•Cell Division in Eukaryotic cells is called:

•HUMANS HAVE 46 CHROMOSOMES

•THERE ARE 23 PAIRS

•PAIRS ARE INHERITED, ONE FROM EACH PARENT

•PAIRS OF SIMILAR CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES•They have the same genes and the same shape or structure

Chromosome important facts:

THESE ARE HUMAN

CHROMOSOMES

Diagram of human chromosomes:Diagram of human chromosomes:

Potato cells have 48

Fruit fly cells have 8

Elephants cells have 56

A type of ant has 54

A watermelon cell has 2

E. Coli bacteria has 1

Corn plant cells have 10

Video clip….tap here.

Mitosis

Is the process of “chromosome Is the process of “chromosome separation”separation”

GoalGoal is to ensure that each is to ensure that each new cell gets a copy of each new cell gets a copy of each chromosomechromosome

•At the beginning of the cycle:

•THE CELL GROWS AND COPIES ITS ORGANELLES AND CHROMOSOMES

•AFTER EACH CHROMOSOME IS COPIED, THE TWO COPIES ARE CALLED CHROMATIDS

•CHROMATIDS ARE HELD TOGETHER AT A REGION CALLED THE

CENTROMERE

A look at mitosis at Cells Alive! !

PHASES of the Cell Cycle:aka: IPMAT IINTERPHASENTERPHASE PPROPHASEROPHASE

real mitosis movie !

MMETAPHASEETAPHASEmoviemovie

AANAPHASENAPHASE

TTELOPHASEELOPHASE

CYTOKINESIS

Happens at the end of the cell Happens at the end of the cell cycle. The cytoplasm splits in half cycle. The cytoplasm splits in half forming two identicalforming two identical new cells.new cells.

In In plant cellsplant cells a a cell platecell plate forms forms and makes the new cell and makes the new cell membrane that will separate the membrane that will separate the new cells.new cells.

SUMMARY OF CELL CYCLE 1.1. CELL GROWS AND CELL GROWS AND

DUPLICATES DUPLICATES CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES

2. 2. MITOSIS MITOSIS

3.3. CYTOKINESISCYTOKINESIS