Section 2 : Electric...
Transcript of Section 2 : Electric...
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Chapter 7 :
Electricity and Magnetism
Section 2 : Electric Current
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Connecting Concepts
• We studied:
1) Exothermic Reactions
2) Energy transformations
3) Electric Charges
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Energy Transformation and Batteries
• Inside the battery, a series of exothermic
chemical reactions take place.
• Chemical Energy is transformed into
Electrical Energy
• The connection between the - and +
terminals of batteries triggers the chemical
reactions and the electrons will flow from the
– terminal to the + terminal.
• The flow of e- is called Electric Current
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What is an electric current?
• It is a continuous movement.
Electric current is the flow of electric charges
( electrons).
Electrons will move along a wire, or a battery
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Electric Current can be measured
• Electric Current is measured in a SI unit called Ampere. (A)
• Ampere is the amount of charges that flow in and out of the wire in one second.
• In one second, about six billion charges flow into and out of the wire
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Electric Current can be measured
• An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the flow of an electric current
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Electric Circuit
• When you watch TV, you need the TV to keep functioning continually so you can watch an entire show.
• You need electrons flowing non stop generating enough electricity to power the TV.
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You need Electric Circuits!
• Electric Circuits are a closed path in which electric charges can flow without interruption.
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***Why are circuits important?
• Electrical Circuits provide means of
transferring electrical energy from
sources such as batteries or other
generators, to devices that will transform
these energy into light ( light bulb,
television), heat ( electric heater),
sound ( radio or television).
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From Electric Fields.
All charged objects have an electric field that surrounds.
*A force must be exerted on electric charges to make them flow.
Where is this force coming from?
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In a battery: The (-) and (+) terminals of the battery produce an electric field.
The electric field exerts force on the electrons.
This force causes the electrons to have electrical energy and flow.
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Electrons flow from the negative to the positive terminal of the battery.
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EX of an Electric Circuit :
You need: a battery, a bulb and a switch to make electrons flow.
For the electrons to flow, the switch needs to be closed.
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• When you
turn on a light
by flipping a
switch, you
are closing
the circuit.
• The electric
current will
flow and the
light will turn
on.
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Simple, Series and Parallel Circuits
• Electric Circuits are a closed path in which electric charges can flow without interruption.
• There are three types of circuit:
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Simple, Series and Parallel Circuits
• 1)In a simple circuit, there is only one light bulb and only one closed path for the current to flow.
• 2)In a series circuit, there are more than one light bulb that are connected so there is only one closed path for the current to follow.
• If any part of this path is broken, current will no longer flow in the circuit.
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Simple Circuit only one lamp – one path
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Series Circuitmore than one bulb – one path
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3)Parallel Circuits
• In a parallel circuit, devices are connected so there is more than one closed path for current to follow.
• If the current flow is broken in one path, current will continue to flow in the other paths.
• That is what happens when you have only one light on in your house..
• Classroom lights are another example – we can have only one on and the other off.
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Parallel Circuit
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Drawing of a circuit x Circuit Diagram
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Electric Resistance
• + and – charges are constantly colliding inside the wire.
• this cause electrons to change direction, creating resistance to the flow..
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Electric Resistance
• The measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow in an object is called the electric resistance of the object.
• The unit for electric resistance is the ohm, symbolized by Ω ( omega – Greek letter)
In what type of material there will be less resistance?
Insulators or Conductors?
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**Why are resistors important?
**Resistors: fight current flow by using up
some of the energy in the flow.
So a resistor is used to lower and to control
the flow of electrons.
EX: If you have a 12 volt battery and a 9 volt
lamp, the lamp will 'blow' pretty quickly.
A resistor will drop the 3 extra volts.
If you have a flow of charges too high for your
circuit, you can lower it by adding a resistor.
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Voltage
• **Voltage measures the amount of energy that will be carried by the electrical charges in a circuit.
• The higher the voltage, the higher will be the electric energy that will flow.
• Ampere is the amount of charges that flow in and out of the wire in one second.
• The voltage between two points in a circuit can be measured with a voltmeter.
• The SI unit for Voltage is the volt (V)
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