Section 2-3
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Transcript of Section 2-3
Section 2-3
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Any molecule containing carbon
• Carbon skeletons may vary in length
• Skeletons may be branched or unbranched
Organic Compounds
• Skeletons may have double bonds, which can vary in location. These are called isomers.
• Skeletons may be arranged in rings.
Types of Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates– Monomers (single unit sugar) – monosaccharides
• Ex: Glucose and Fructose
– Disaccharides – two single sugars• Ex: Lactose
– Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides linked together
• Ex: Starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen (energy storage in animals), and cellulose (gives plants strength and rigidity)
Carbohydrates cont.
• Functional Groups present: OH and C=O
• Function – main source of energy for all living things
2. Fats or Lipids
• Made of mainly carbon and hydrogen
• Mostly nonpolar – will not dissolve in water
• Function: Energy storage, cushions vital organs, and insulates the body
3. Nucleic Acids
• Monomers – nucleotides
• Functional groups – PO4
• Function – Heredity
• Examples – DNA and RNA
4. Proteins• Monomer – amino acids
• Functional Groups: NH2 and COOH
• Function – regulate chemical reactions in cells, help fight disease, transport substances into and out of cells, and provide structure for tissues and organs.
• Examples : Enzymes