Chapter 11Geography and Heritage of

Southeast AsiaSection 1: The Shape of the Land

Examine the physical geography of Southeast Asia.

Discuss the effects of geography on the history of SE Asia.

Compare the kingdoms of SE Asia to one another.

Objectives:

Mainland ◦ Peninsula

Countries: Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam

◦ Mountains and Plateaus, 5 river systems in valleys

Islands◦ Ring of Fire (line of

volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean) creates fertile soil

Two Main Regions

Many nations, vary in size◦ Malaysia◦ Brunei

Indonesia and the Philippines are made up of archipelagos – chains of islands◦ Indonesia – 13,500

islands◦ Philippines – 7,000

islands

Islands of SE Asia

Mostly in the tropics◦ Hot/humid◦ June-Sept. – wet

monsoons Assist trade and

farming

Typhoons Natural Resources

◦ Tin (major supplier), aluminum

◦ Oil/Natural Gas in Indonesia and Brunei

Agriculture◦ Rice

1/3 of world’s rice

◦ Coffee, tea, spices, rubber

Lumber◦ Teak, Mohogany,

other exotic woods◦ Deforestation an

issue

Climates

Ethnic and culture diversity◦ Mountains create

divisions◦ Majority ethnic groups

often control river valleys

◦ Minorities tend to live in the mountains

◦ Chinese/Indian Immigrants Especially to Malaysia

Discrimination

Diversity

Typhoon Haiyan; Phillipeans – Nov 2013

River Valley Civilizations◦ No single ruler could conquer SE Asia◦ Most controlled small areas in river valleys

Built armies, collected taxes from farmers, irrigation system, extended control through warfare

◦ Influences came from China, though most remained independent (other than Vietnam)

Early Traditions

Pagan◦ What is now

Myanmar (849 A.D.)◦ Buddhism introduced

by King Anawrata◦ 1287-early 1400s,

taken over by Mongols from China

◦ Became tributary state of China (owed gifts to Chinese king)

Vietnam Trung Sisters

◦ Chinese ruled Vietnam for 1,000 years Confucianism,

Mahayana Buddhism Independence gained

in 939

Other Civilizations

Khmer Kingdom◦ Most powerful

(Cambodia/South Vietnam)

◦ Peaked in A.D. 85◦ Very advanced

civilization◦ Absorbed much of its

culture from India (trade)

◦ Overtime, Buddhism became more common (though Hinduisms still exists)

Tai Kingdoms (Thailand) Influenced by many

different groups◦ Mongol invasion of other

kingdoms allowed Tai to expand

◦ Still refer to the Chakkri family as the royal family

An Island Empire◦ Srivijaya

Controlled the Strait of Malacca (connected Indian/Pacific oceans)

◦ Various Influences, Islam eventually adopted by many

◦ European colonization

Other Civilizations

Continue World Factbook Research

Homework