Section 1 The First Greek Civilizations. The Impact of Geography Greece is a small, mountainous...
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Transcript of Section 1 The First Greek Civilizations. The Impact of Geography Greece is a small, mountainous...
![Page 1: Section 1 The First Greek Civilizations. The Impact of Geography Greece is a small, mountainous peninsula; many islands; mountains and sea played a key.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abb92c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World HistoryChapter 4-Ancient Greece
Section 1The First Greek Civilizations
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The Impact of GeographyGreece is a small, mountainous peninsula;
many islands; mountains and sea played a key role in development of the civilization
Mountains kept the Greeks isolated; formed their own ways of life; very independent
Because of the long seacoast, many Greeks became seafarers; trading and establishing colonies
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Geography of Greece
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The Minoan civilizationBronze Age civilization, used metals, set up
on the island of CreteNamed Minoan after King Minos of Crete by
Arthur Evans, archaeologists who discovered Flourished between 2700-1450 B.C.Evans found a palace complex at Knossos;
remnants of a rich culture; sea empire based on trade
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Minoan Civilization
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MinoansPalace at Knossos-elaborate, many rooms for
the royal family, workshops for making things, bathrooms with drains
Rooms were painted and decorated; storerooms held grain, oil, & wine-taxes
1450 B.C.-suffered a collapse, some think a tidal wave; most historians believe they were invaded by Mycenaeans, mainland Greeks
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Palace at Knossos
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The First Greek State: MycenaeMycenae; fortified city found by Heinrich
Schliemann, one of several such centers, flourished between 1600-1100 B.C.
Indo-European people; entered Greece around 1900 B.C.
High point of civilization b/n 1400-1200 B.C.; powerful monarchies, may have formed loose alliances with each other
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Mycenaean Civilization
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MycenaePalace centers built up on hills, surrounded
by walls; the rest of the people lived outside the walls
Tholos or tombs for the royal family was a unique feature of these centers; built into hills
Extensive trade networkWarrior people, many murals of battles,
expanded militarily to include Crete & some Aegean Islands
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Mycenaean architecture
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Attack on Troy & the Fall of the Mycenaean CivilizationMost famous military expedition; did it
happen? Attacked city of Troy around 1250 B.C.; led
by King Agamemnon of Mycenae Mycenaean society was in trouble by the late
13th century B.C.; fighting among each other, major earthquakes; invasions from the north; by 1100 B.C. it had collapsed
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The Greeks in a Dark AgeDark Age of Greece-from 1100-750 B.C.; food
production dropped as did populationVery few records of what happened existBy 850 B.C. farming was revived; new Greece
was starting to develop
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Developments of the Dark AgeDuring the Dark Ages many Greeks left the
mainlandWestern part of Asia Minor-IoniaAeolian Greeks-left northern & central
Greece, settled on island of Lesbos and mainland areas near there
Dorian Greeks-settled in southwestern Greece, area of the Peloponnesus, some islands in southern Aegean(Crete)
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Greek Migrations
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More DevelopmentsRevival of trade; other economic activityIron replaced bronze in weapons & farm
tools; increase food production, affordable weapons
Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet; made learning to read and write easier
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Greek Alphabet
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HomerHomer wrote down epic poems that had been
passed down for generations orallyIliad –story of the Trojan War-Greek states
wage war on the city of Troy to get Helen(wife of a king) back
Story not just of war, but of the Greek hero Achilles and what his anger caused
Odyssey-retells the story of Odysseus and his return home
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Homer
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Homer’s impactIt is said Homer did not record history as
much as he created itGreeks look at these two stories as actual
historical accounts; ideal past; texts for educational purposes
Homer taught values like courage and honor; Greeks used these as part of their tradition & a model for future generations
Arete-excellence won in a struggle; fighting for family, honor; earns a reputation
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Trojan Horse
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Achilles & Odysseus