Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Ecosystems Chapter Table of ...Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued ......
Transcript of Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Ecosystems Chapter Table of ...Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued ......
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
EcosystemsChapter 21
Table of Contents
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Objectives
• Identify the eight major biomes.
• Compare tundra with taiga.
• Compare the different kinds of forests.
• Compare the different kinds of grasslands.
• Describe the adaptations of desert organisms.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
The Major Biomes
• The major types of terrestrial ecosystems, known as
biomes, are tundra, tropical forest, temperate forest,
taiga, temperate grassland, savanna, chaparral, and
desert.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Earth’s Major Biomes
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Tundra
• Tundra is a cold biome characterized by permafrost
under the surface of the ground.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Tundra
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests
• Tropical Forests
– Tropical forests receive abundant rainfall and
have stable temperatures.
– They have a greater species richness than any
other biome.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Tropical Rain Forest
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests, continued
• Temperate Forests
– Temperate forests have coniferous trees, which
bear seeds in cones, or deciduous trees, which
shed their leaves each year.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests, continued
• Temperate Deciduous Forests
– The trees in temperate deciduous forests shed
all of their leaves in the fall.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests, continued
• Taiga
– Taiga is cold but is warmer than tundra and
receives more precipitation.
– Taiga is dominated by coniferous forests.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Taiga
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Grasslands
• Temperate Grasslands
– Temperate grasslands occur in areas with cold
winters and hot summers.
– They are dominated by grasses and herds of
grazing animals.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Grasslands, continued
• Savanna
– Savannas are tropical grasslands with alternating
wet and dry seasons.
– They are dominated by herds of grazing animals.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Savanna
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Grasslands, continued
• Chaparral
– Chaparral is found in coastal regions with warm,
dry summers and mild winters.
– It is dominated by dense, spiny shrubs.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Grassland
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Deserts
• Deserts receive less than 25 cm (9.9 in.) of
precipitation per year.
• Desert inhabitants have adaptations for conserving
water.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Desert
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Objectives
• Identify the major ocean zones.
• Compare the aphotic zone with the photic zone.
• Compare the neritic zone with the oceanic zone.
• Describe estuaries.
• Compare eutrophic lakes with oligotrophic lakes.
• Explain the significance of gradient in rivers and streams.
• Describe freshwater wetlands.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones
• The photic zone in the ocean receives light, but the
aphotic zone does not.
• Other zones of the ocean are defined based on their
relative locations.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
• The Intertidal Zone
– In the intertidal zone, organisms must be able to
tolerate drying and pounding by waves.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Intertidal Zone
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
• The Neritic Zone
– The neritic zone receives nutrients from the
bottom of the ocean and from land. It is the
ocean’s richest zone in terms of the number of
species and individuals.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Neritic Zone
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
• The Oceanic Zone
– Production in the oceanic zone is limited by a
shortage of nutrients.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Oceanic Zone
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
• Estuaries
– Estuaries are very productive areas where rivers
and streams flow into the sea.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Zones
• Lakes and Ponds
– Oligotrophic lakes are clear and lacking in
nutrients.
– Eutrophic lakes are rich in nutrients and are often
murky.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Three Lake Zones
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Zones, continued
• Rivers and Streams
– Rivers and streams are bodies of water that flow
down an elevation gradient within a watershed.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Zones, continued
• Freshwater Wetlands
– Freshwater wetlands are areas of land, such as
marshes and swamps, that are covered with fresh
water for at least part of each year.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
ResourcesChapter menu
Chapter 21
Freshwater Biomes
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems