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Transcript of Section 1: Personality Development Section 2: The Social Self Section 3: Agents of Socialization 1...
Section 1: Personality DevelopmentSection 2: The Social Self
Section 3: Agents of Socialization
1
CHAPTER 5Socializing the Individual
Personality DevelopmentObjectives:
2
Identify the four main factors that affect the development of personality.
Explain how isolation in childhood affects development.
What is Personality?
3
Sociologists define personality as the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual.
What influences Your Personality? ParentsSiblingsEnvironmentWhat?
4
Four Factors That Shape Personality Development
Factors that Shape Individual
Personality Development
Four Factors That Shape Personality Development
5
Heredity – physical traits, aptitudes, inherited characteristics, biological drives
Factors that Shape Individual
Personality Development
Heredity
Factors That Shape Personality Development
6
Parents – parental characteristics, such as age, education, religion, and economic status
Heredity
Factors that Shape Individual
Personality DevelopmentParents
Factors That Shape Personality Development
7
Birth order – personalities are shaped by whether one has siblings
Heredity
Factors that Shape Individual
Personality DevelopmentParents
Birthorder
Factors That Shape Personality Development
8
Cultural environment – determines the basic personality types found in a society
Heredity
Factors that Shape Individual
Personality Development
Parents cultural environment
Birthorder
Recipe for Personality
9
Using the four “ingredients” we’ve discussed, what would you say the recipe is for personality?How much (proportionately) of each would
you include in your recipe?What “cooking” instructions would you
include?Do recipes differ from person to person?
Isolation in Childhood and Development
10
Research shows that a healthy cultural environment is essential for a child’s full development
Isolation can lead to severe effects such as causing children to waste away and die or to have stunted development
Isolation in Childhood and Development
11
In a few cases, feral children (wild or untamed) were found living with animals or isolated from human contact.
These children seemingly had no reasoning ability, no manners, and no ability to control bodily functions.
Sociologists feel that this strongly supports the conclusion that our personality comes from our cultural environment.
Isolation in Childhood and Development
12
Anna and IsabelleStudied by Kingsley Davis
AnnaUnmarried woman/hostile grandfatherFoster homes, then consigned to attic roomMinimal care, undernourished, almost no
human contact.At age 6, could not walk, talk, or feed self.Died at age 10.
Isolation in Childhood and Development
13
Anna and IsabelleStudied by Kingsley Davis
IsabelleUnmarried woman/hostile grandfatherConfined to dark room with deaf motherAlthough she did not have other social
interaction, did have contact with motherAfter intensive training, reached social level
of others her age.
Isolation in Childhood and Development
14
GenieBasis of documentaryDiscovered 1970 at 13 years oldConfined from 20 months to small bedroomTotally silent environment, beated if she
made noise.After 8 years of intensive training, reached
level of 3rd grade student, did not progress more.
Still alive in adult care facility.
Institutionalization
15
Psychologist Rene SpitzIn 1945, studied infants in an orphanage.
Children were given proper food and medical care.
Children were not held, hugged, or spoken to by staff (efficient, but very busy)
Confined from 20 to small bedroom1/3 of the children died within 2 yearsOf the survivors, fewer than 25% could walk,
dress themselves, or feed themselves.Led to conclusion that physical contact and
human interaction is important for social and psychological development.
Product of our cultural environments?
16
Does the term Dalai Lama best describe a spiritual leader or an eastern religion?
If someone gave you some Lapsang souchong, would you spread it on bread or drink it?
Is Lhasa a type of dog or a capital city?In which country so you think yak butter is
an important part of the people’s diet – India, Russia, or Tibet?
The English translation of the word Chomolungma is “Goddess Mother of the World.” What do you think Chomolunga is?
Product of our cultural environments?
17
The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Buddhism.
Lapsang souchong is a type of tea, therefore, you would drink it.
Lhasa is a capital city.Yak butter is an important part of the
people’s diet in Tibet.Chomolunga is a mountain, it is the Tibetan
name for Mount Everest.
Harry Harlow
18
Did research with infant monkeys on how body contact relates to attachment
The monkeys had to chose between a cloth mother or a wire mother that provided food.
Harry Harlow
The monkeys spent most of their time by the cloth mother.
19
Product of our cultural environments?
20
With your seat partner(s), discuss and come up with a list of seven similar questions about American culture: things an American would know, but that someone from another culture might not.
Write your questions on a sheet of paper to turn in with all partner names included.
Don’t share your questions with other groups – let’s see how they do on your quiz!
Section Review and Assignment
21
Answer the Following in a ParagraphWhat effect does the lack of human
interaction have on institutionalized children?
Define the Following: Personality, Heredity, Instinct, Feral Children
Section 2: The Social SelfObjectives:
22
Explain how a person’s sense of self emerges.
Identify and describe the theories that have been put forth to explain the process of socialization.
23
How I see myself How others see me
How Sense of Self Emerges
24
Self is your conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity that separates you and your environment from other members of society.
How Sense of Self Emerges
25
Through interaction with social and cultural environments people are transformed into members of society
The interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society is called socialization
Many psychologists/sociologists have studied the topic and have developed theories.
Theories of Socialization
26
Sigmund Freud – Interaction of id, ego, and superego
John Locke – The Tabula Rosa Charles Horton Cooley – The Looking Glass
Self George Herbert Mead – Role-TakingJean Piaget – Cognitive DevelopmentLawrence Kohlberg – Moral Development
Sigmund Freud – Id, Ego, and Superego
27
Each person has three parts to their mind/self that must interact properly
Id –responsible for satisfaction of physical desires. Develops first in all people.
Superego – conscience, encourages conformity to societal norms and values
Ego – resolves the conflicts between id and superego
If all do not balance, a person would have socialization problems.
John Locke – The Tabula Rosa
28
Each person is a blank slate at birth, with no personality.
People develop personality as a result of their social experiences.
Moreover, infants can be molded into any type of person.
This theory emphasizes strictly environmental elements in the development of personality/self.
Charles Horton Cooley – The Looking Glass Self
29
Infants have no sense of person or place. Children develop an image of themselves
based on how others see them. Other people act as a mirror, reflecting
back the image a child projects through their reactions to the child’s behavior.
Significant Othersomeone whose opinions matter to us and
who is in a position to influence our thinking, especially about ourselves.
George Herbert Mead – Role-Taking
30
Self develops solely through social experience.
People not only come to see themselves as others see them but also take on or pretend to take on the roles of others through imitation, play, and games.
Proposes there are two elements of self:“I” self initiates action“me” self continues, interrupts, or changes
action depending on how others respond.
George Herbert Mead – Role-Taking
31
Stages of developmentUnder three years old:
Lack sense of selfImitate others – gestures, actions
At about three years old:Play and act roles of othersRole playing – doctor, farmer, mother
At school ageOrganized gamesAnticipation what others might do.
ProfilingCreate a Word
Document Profile for each of the Theorists identified in Section Two:
Each person’s major theory should be explained in at least 5 Sentences.
John LockeBorn- Died-
Picture
John Locke created the Tabula Rosa Theory.
The Tabular Rosa theory stated
that…….Etc.
32
Agents of SocializationObjectives:
33
Identify the most important agents of socialization in the United States.
Explain why family and education are important social institutions.
Agents of Socialization
34
Family – most important agentProvides stability in
LanguagePersonality traitsReligionclass
Although other agents may temporarily become central, family remains central throughout the entire life course.
Agents of Socialization
35
Peer group – primary group composed of individuals of roughly equal age & social characteristics, A place where a child
can exert independence from family
Very important in adolescence
Agents of Socialization
36
School -plays a major role in socializationProvides education and
trainingCognitive skillsIndoctrination of valuesKnowledge in subject areas
Broadens social experiences
Exposes children to a variety of social backgrounds
Agents of Socialization
37
Mass media Books, films, the Internet, magazines and television, not face-to-face
38
Mass Media as a Socialization Agent
Mass media include books, films, the Internet, magazines, newspapers, radio, and television.
Television probably has the most influence on children.
The effect of television on children is an ongoing debate.
Importance of Family as an Agent of Socialization
39
Unlike other agents, the family is a constant influence in one’s life.Provides continuous frame of referenceHelps internalize culture and parental
expectationsThese help to direct the behavior of the adult
child.
40
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. How has the nature-versus-nurture debate evolved?2. What do social scientists believe are the principal
factors that influence personality development?3. What does research on children reared in isolation
indicate about the effects of the cultural environment on social and psychological development?
4. What is the role of self in the socialization process?5. According to Cooley, how does a person’s sense of self
develop in early childhood and when does this process end?
6. Identify the primary agents of socialization in the United States.
1. How has the nature-versus-nurture debate evolved?2. What do social scientists believe are the principal
factors that influence personality development?3. What does research on children reared in isolation
indicate about the effects of the cultural environment on social and psychological development?
4. What is the role of self in the socialization process?5. According to Cooley, how does a person’s sense of self
develop in early childhood and when does this process end?
6. Identify the primary agents of socialization in the United States.
CHAPTER 5
Socialization through Fairy Tales
41
http://www.literaturepage.com/read/grimms-fairy-tales.html
Working in the following groups, read and analyze your assigned fairy tale. Discuss how the tale might help children and contribute to their socialization.
Create a storyboard that shows how your story helps to socialize children. Include information about what lessons, values, behaviors, and beliefs are transmitted by the elements of your story.
Be creative! You can tell your story in classic style, but you may also rewrite the story, placing it in a new setting, time, or culture.