Section 1. List some plants you know in general ◦ Trees ◦ Flowers ◦ Vegetables ◦ Fruits ◦...
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Transcript of Section 1. List some plants you know in general ◦ Trees ◦ Flowers ◦ Vegetables ◦ Fruits ◦...
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Section 1
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List some plants you know in general◦ Trees◦ Flowers◦ Vegetables◦ Fruits◦ Field crops
Wheat Rice Corn
There are between 260,000 and 300,000 plant species that have been identified
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Plants range in size◦ Microscopic to giant trees
Have roots or root-like structures◦ Hold them into the ground
Adapt to different environments
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Plants are made of cells◦ Cell membrane, nucleus, and other cellular
structures ◦ Have a cell wall that provides structure and support
Animal cells DO NOT have a cell wall
Plants cells contain the green pigment chlorophyll◦ Makes them green◦ Needed for photosynthesis◦ Found in the cellular structure chloroplasts
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Most plant cells have a central vacuole◦ Regulates water content inside of a cell◦ Stores pigments that make some flowers red, blue,
or purple.
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The first plants probably could only survive in damp areas
Their ancestors were probably green algae that lived in the sea◦ Today plants and green algae have the same types of
chlorophyll and carotenoids in their cells◦ Carotenoids are red, yellow, or orange pigments that
are also used for photosynthesis
Plants and green algae have a common ancestor
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Plants usually decay before they become a fossil this makes tracing the plant history difficult
The oldest plant fossils are 420 myo
Some of the early plants evolved into the plants that exist today
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Cone-bearing plants (pine trees) probably evolved from a group of plants 350 million years ago
Flowering plants did not exist until 120 million years ago
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Advantages to life on land for plants◦ More sunlight and carbon dioxide – need for
photosynthesis
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Cuticle: Waxy, protective layer secreted by cells onto the surface of a plant◦ Slows water loss
Cellulose: Provide structure and support for the plant
Vessels: Distribute materials throughout the plant
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Cells of some plants secrete other substances into the cellulose to make the cell wall stronger◦ Oaks and pines could not grow without this
substance
For plants on land:◦ Structures distribute water, nutrients, and food to
all plant cells
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To reproduce on land some plants developed water-resistant spores
Other plants produce water-resistant seeds in cones or in flowers which develop into fruit
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The two main plant groups:◦ Vascular: Have tube-like structures to transport
water, nutrients, and other substances throughout the plant
◦ Nonvascular: Do not have tube-like structures for transport. These plants use other methods to transport water, nutrients, and other substances.
Plants are named using the two part naming system binomial nomenclature