Second Verification Monitoring Report WWF Nepal Gold ...

Second Verification

Monitoring Report

WWF Nepal Gold Standard Biogas

Voluntary Emission Reduction (VER) Project

Indicative programme, baseline, and monitoring methodology for

Small Scale Biodigester (1.0)

Version 2.0

Monitoring Period: 1st

January 2009 to 31st

December 2009

Prepared by:

WWF Nepal Program

Baluwatar, Kathmandu

Nepal Submitted on 23

rd January 2011

Re-submitted on 09th

August 2011

1

Table of Contents

Page

1. Introduction 3

2. Description of the Project Activity 3

3. Baseline and Monitoring Period 4

4. Parameters needed to be Monitored 6

5. Monitoring Methodology 24

6. Emission Reduction Calculation 25

7. Explanation to special events 33

8. Explanations to FARs 33

2

List of Abbreviations

Abbreviations:

AEPC Alternative Energy Promotion Centre

ASS After Sales Service

BAU Business as usual

BSP Nepal Biogas Sector Partnership Nepal

CAR Corrective Action Request

CBRP Corridor and Bottleneck Restoration Project

CER Certified Emission Reduction

CFCC Community Forest Coordination Committee

CFUG Community Forest User Group

CH4 Methane

C/L Cash/Loan

CO2 Carbon dioxide

CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent

CP Certification Program

CL Clarification Request

DNA Designated National Authority

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ER Emissions Reductions

GHG Greenhouse gas(es)

GS Gold Standard

HCA Host Country Approval

IRR Internal Rate of Returns

ISC Initial Stakeholder Consultation

MFI MICRO Finance Institutions

MoEnv Ministry of Environment

MP Monitoring Plan

MR Monitoring report

MSC Main Stakeholder Consultation

NCV Net Calorific Value

NRB Non Renewable Biomass

ODA Official Development Assistance

PA Project Activity

PABZ Protected Area and Buffer Zones

PDD Project Design Document

PE Project Emissions

PP Project Proponent

QC/QA Quality control/Quality assurance

SD Sustainable Development

SSC Small Scale

TAL Terai Arc Landscape

VER Verified Emission Reduction

VO Voluntary Offset

VVM Validation Verification Manual

WWF World Wildlife Fund For Nature

3

1.0 Introduction WWF Nepal has been working in the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) Program since 2002 in collaboration

with several governmental departments and local community-based organizations to conserve the

biodiversity, forests, soils and watersheds of the Terai and Churia hills. The objective is to ensure

the ecological, economic and socio-cultural integrity of the region. Spread over 49,500 sq km,

linking 11 trans-boundary protected areas across Nepal and India, TAL is home to flagship species

like the Asiatic wild elephants, rhinos, and tigers. In Nepal, TAL encompasses 23,129 sq km of 14

districts including 75 percent of the remaining forests of lowland Nepal including Churia hills and

four protected areas: Sukhlaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Bardia National Park, Banke National Park

(recently declared), Chitwan National Park and Parsa Wildlife Reserve. This landscape has the

second largest population of rhinos and one of the highest densities of tiger populations in the

world.

To upscale its conservation efforts, WWF Nepal started supporting the construction of biogas plants

from January 2007 in the Terai Arc Landscape. The project used the Gold Standard’s Methodology

for Small Scale Biodigesters (1.0) to develop a PDD and then validate and verify the project. The first

verifications were completed in 2010 issuing credits of 12,125 tons of CO2 eq for the crediting

period 1 July 2007 to 31st December 2008. In a process to continue the verifications the second

verifications have been initiated for the monitoring period 1st January 2009 to 31

st December 2009.

Three batches of biogas plants have been subject to the second verifications

a. Plants constructed from 1st

January 2007 to 30th

June 2007: 1620 plants

b. Plants constructed from 1st

July 2007 to 30th


c. Plants constructed from 1st

July 2008 to 30th


2.0 Description of the Project Activity Under the proposed project activity, and from the second verifications, WWF aims to sell carbon

credits generated from 3973 biogas digesters plants installed in the TAL project area in the three

batches mentioned above. The biogas program, encourages the use of renewable biogas energy in

order to replace the heavy consumption of fuel wood specially for household cooking. Another

objective of this project is to enable Verified Emission Reductions (VERs) from the project to reduce

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by cutting down on the conventionally used fuel sources, mainly

fuel wood. Credits from generated emission reductions will be owned by WWF Nepal Program for

further expanding the program on biogas and benefiting local communities.

Under this program the overall target to install 7,500 biogas plants with fund raising programs and

from carbon financing.

4

Summary of the plants constructed in different districts under project activity

A) Plants constructed and in operation from 1st


June 2007:

Total number of Plants constructed: 1620 plants; REFER TO ANNEX 1 A

B) Plants constructed and in operation from 1st

July 2007 to 30th

June 2008:

Total Number of Plants constructed: 1065 plants; REFER TO ANNEX 1 B

C) Plants constructed and in operation from 1st

July 2008 to 30th

June 2009:

Total Number of Plants constructed: 1288 plants; REFER TO ANNEX 1 C

2.1 Types of Project Activity

Renewable Energy

2.2 Technology of the Project Activity

The biogas plants constructed under this project activity provides fuel in the form of thermal

energy. The use of biogas digester plants displaces non-renewable biomass (firewood)

and/or fossil fuel. In Nepal, the fixed dome design, called GGC 2047 model, which was

designed and developed in the country, is most popular. This model is considered to be

reliable, well functioning, simple to operate, durable and having low maintenance cost. This

project also utilizes the GGC 2047 model biogas digester.

The biogas plants are based on a uniform technical design and are manufactured and

installed following technical standards established for the Nepal. The households feed cattle

dung, specific to capacity of the plant, mixed in equal volume with water into the biogas

plant, which through anaerobic digestion produces biogas. Besides, toilet too is attached to

the plant leading to cleaner sanitation in the surrounding neighbourhood. The retention

time of the feed material in the tank is around 3 months. This long period is to ensure the

removal pathogens that may be present in the human faeces.

.

2.3 Project Commissioning

Biogas plants commissioned immediately after construction with initial feeding of

the plants with a specified amount of cattle dung mixed with water. Feeding of the

feed material is done on a daily basis for regular gas generation to make gas

available for cooking.

3.0 Baseline and Monitoring Period

It is mentioned in the PDD that the option used for determination of baseline emissions is

“pre-project” which is Baseline Option 1. (Refer to PDD Page 14).

5

In many developing countries the level of energy service is not sufficient to meet human

development needs due to lack of financial means and/or access to modern energy

infrastructure. The methodology proposes different options for the baseline calculation

depending on whether the project activity is implemented under a situation where energy

services provided are sufficient or insufficient to meet the needs of stakeholders.

According to the methodology, the baseline emissions caused by the consumption of fuel

for thermal energy demand can be determined in three separate ways:

1. Pre-project situation

2. Project level energy service demand using a fossil fuel and appliance as in situation

with satisfied demand

3. Satisfied demand with fossil fuel mix and technology different from pre-project

The below table summarises the approach considered for each of the baseline options.

Table B.1.1: Overview of baseline options

Baseline option Level of

consumption

Fuel

technology

Approach for data gathering

1: Pre-project

situation

Pre-project Pre-project

situation

Questionnaire among households

2: Project level energy

service demand with

fossil fuel (and/or

charcoal) technology

Project level

Technologies

using fossil

fuel/s and/or

charcoal (one

or more of

charcoal, LPG,

electricity,

coal,

kerosene,

etc.)

Questionnaire among households with

a higher standard of living outside the

project boundary, to assess type of fuel

and technology.

Questionnaire among households

using biogas to estimate level of fuel

consumption.

3: Satisfied demand

with different fuel mix

and/or technology as

pre-project

Satisfied

demand

Satisfied

demand (from

one or more

fossil fuels

such as LPG,

diesel,

electricity,

coal,

kerosene,

etc.)

Questionnaire among households with

a higher standard of living outside the

project boundary to assess type and

level of demand for cooking and space

heating services.

Apply model to assess satisfied

demand for heating.

In case of this project, the baseline scenario 1: pre-project situation has been selected under

suppressed demand. Households in the project area use biomass for their cooking need. The

biomass used is in unsustainable manner. In comparison with other two baseline options

this option is most appropriate for this project.

6

The other two options have been omitted because of the following reasons.

Baseline option 2: project level energy service demand using a fossil fuel and appliance as in

situation with satisfied demand

"Satisfied demand” is the situation where suppressed demand is satisfied through an

increase in energy use (i.e. from an accessible and/or more affordable energy source). Since

in Nepal, the level of energy service is not sufficient to meet human development needs due

to lack of financial means and/or access to modern energy infrastructure, this baseline

option is not appropriate for this project. All proposed biodigesters will be installed with

subsidy, since the income of the households is low.

Baseline Option 3: baseline emission from a situation with satisfied demand for type of fuel

and technology and level of energy service demand.

Due to the low economic status of the targeted households in the project , all the biogas

plants to be installed will be subsidised. In the absence of the proposed project the

households will continue to use biomass for their cooking need. Hence the hypothetical use

of fossil fuel as base line is not appropriate for this project.

Procedure for selection of the most plausible baseline scenario

The baseline scenario is one of the following options:

a. The situation before implementation of the biodigesters (i.e. pre-project situation).

b. The situation where fossil fuels are used to meet energy service needs (even if they are

not currently being used).

The situation before the implementation of the biogas plant is considered as most plausible

baseline scenario. The use of fossil fuel seems to be negligible which has been supported by

the baseline study as well. Hence the situation of use of fossil fuel is ruled out.

The proposed monitoring system for a similar project already exists within BSP–Nepal, which is

responsible for implementing the monitoring plan under this project activity. BSP-Nepal has

prepared the BSP-Nepal Quality Control (QC) Manual that describes the process and the ISO clauses

for the core business quality control.

Monitoring Methodology;

The monitoring methodology used for the verifications is as outlined in Indicative Program, Baseline,

and Monitoring Methodology for Small Scale Biodigester, Voluntary Gold Standard.

The present monitoring period extends from 1st


December 2009

4.0 Parameters needed to be Monitored

The parameters monitored during the baseline have been not been changed, but the parameters

monitored for the project emissions have been monitored through a survey. The number of samples

for the sampling survey was chosen randomly using the Oracle software at BSP Nepal.

7

1. Project Area:

The project area of the 9 districts is 19,361.78km2; (source is from WWF GIS Unit)

S. No District Ha km2

1 Kanchanpur 162182 1621.82

2 Kailali 329300 3293.00

3 Bardia 200352 2003.52

4 Banke 188226 1882.26

5 Dang 300341 3003.41

6 Palpa 146190 1461.90

7 Chitwan 223972 2239.72

8 Makawanpur 244967 2449.67

9 Parsa 140648 1406.48

Total 1936178 19361.78

Data / Parameter: ID 1 / Areai

Data unit: km2 19361.78 (source is from WWF GIS Unit)

Description: Project area

Source of data: GIS Tool/WWF Nepal

Measurement The Gold Standard Biogas VER project is implemented in the Terai or plains of

Nepal and falls in the tropical and subtropical zone

There are five climatic zones in Nepal based on altitude: the tropical and

subtropical zone of below 1,200 meters in altitude; the cool, temperate zone

of 1,200 to 2,400 meters in altitude; the cold zone of 2,400 to 3,600 meters in

altitude; the sub arctic climatic zone of 3,600 to 4,400 meters in altitude; and

the arctic zone above 4,400 meters in altitude.

procedures (if any): WWF Nepal has a GIS unit with authentic data on maps. The total area is

derived from the administrative boundary of the maps using ARC GIS

software.

Monitoring frequency: Once

QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: Map of the area is attached separately

2. Number of households in the baseline sample group - nbl:

Data / Parameter: ID 2 / nbl

Data unit: [- ] 395

Description: Number of households in baseline sample group

Source of data: Project participant/Survey (PDD)

Measurement Sampling Method described in the PDD

procedures (if any):

Monitoring frequency: Once during making the PDD

QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: This sample size was a statistically appropriate. Source of Data: PDD

3. Number of households in project sample group npj :

8

88 samples out of 1620 households were monitored in 2010 that had the biogas plants

operational from 1st

of January 2007 to 30th

of June 2007 based on random sampling. 88 samples

are more than the 5% sample size and also more than 60: Source of Data: BSP Data base

Data / Parameter: ID 3 / npj

Data unit: [- ] 88

Description: Number of households in project sample group

Source of data: Project participant /Survey (BSP database)

Measurement QC and monitoring of plants done by BSP Nepal in 2010


Monitoring frequency: Annually at least 5% or more than 60 which ever is bigger of the plants



June 2007

QA/QC procedures: As per BSP Nepal’s Quality Control Manual

Any comment: (QC and monitoring of Plants operational from 1st


June

2007) credited for 1st


December 2009



of July 2007 to 30th

June 2008 based on random sampling. 62 samples are

more than the 5% sample size and also more than 60. Source of Data: BSP Data base


Data unit: [- ] 62


Source of data: Project participant/Survey (BSP database)

Measurement QC and monitoring of plants done by BSP Nepal in 2009




July 2007 to 30th

June 2008



July 2007 to 30th

June 2008)

credited for 1st


December 2009



of July 2008 to 30th

June 2009 based on random sampling. 67 samples are

more than the 5% sample size and also more than 60. Source of Data: BSP Data base


Data unit: [- ] 68


Source of data: Project participant/Survey (BSP database)

Measurement QC and monitoring of plants done by BSP Nepal




July 2008 to 30th

June 2009



July 2008 to 30th

June 2009)

credited for 1st

July 2009 to 31st

December 2009

9

4. Total number of households participating in the programme in year y nhh.y

Data / Parameter: ID 4 / nhh,y

Data unit: [- ] 1620

Description: Total number of households participating in the programme in year y

Source of data: BSP Database

Measurement All households’ details need to be included in a database. The number of

households should be derived from this database.


Monitoring frequency: Annually

QA/QC procedures: BSP Nepal will maintain the database. AEPC will release the subsidy to the

beneficiaries of plants constructed

Any comment: 1620: Total number of households with biogas plants participating in the

programme for crediting period 1st


December 2009

which was constructed from 1st


June 2007




Source of data: BSP database


procedures (if any): Households should be derived from this database.




Any comment: 1065 : Total number of households with biogas plants participating in the



December 2009

which was constructed from 1st

July 2007 to 30th

June 2008






procedures (if any): households should be derived from this database.




Any comment: 1288: Total number of households with biogas plants participating in the


July 2009 to 31st

December 2009 which

was constructed from 1st

July 2008 to 30th

June 2009

5 Amount of fuel i consumption in the baseline in baseline: Fi,bl1

Data / Parameter: ID 5 / Fi,bl1

Data unit: kg or m3 24908000.00kg/year

Description: amount of fuel i consumption in the baseline in baseline option 1

Source of data: Project Participant/survey

Measurement Winrock International conducted the survey

10


Monitoring frequency: Once during making PDD

QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: Please refer to the table below for the fuel consumption in baseline. Fuel wood

is considered as reasoned in the PDD Source of Data: PDD

The fuel consumption pattern in the baseline survey was

Source of energy

Total

Quantity

Per month

No. of HH

Average Quantity

per household per

month

Fire wood (Kg) 109,704 395 278

Agriculture residue (Kg) 41 3 13

Fodder residue (Kg) 3,420 131 26

Dried animal dung (Kg) 310 15 20

Kerosene (Lt) 5 1 5

Cooking gas (Kg) 114 14 8

Since fuel wood was the major source of cooking energy, the Amount of fuel i consumption

in the baseline in baseline: Fi,bl1 is 24908.00 tonnes per year.

Fi,bl1 = Average fuel wood consumption/HH in baseline survey* 7500 HH

Fi,bl1 = 3.321*7500= 24,908.00 tonnes per year

6. Amount of fuel i consumption in the project in the year: Fi,ypj

Data / Parameter: ID 6 / Fi,y, pj

Data unit: kg or m3 490,510.23+408,161.25+191,151.088= 1,089,,830.57kg

Description: amount of fuel I (fuel wood) consumption in the project in year 2009

Source of data: BSP data base/survey

Measurement As per QC done by BSP Nepal




Any comment: BSP Nepal will take survey this within the 5% sample size based on random

sampling: Source of Data: BSP Data base

7. Annual biomass increment on the project areai: I

Data / Parameter: ID 7 / I

Data unit: 56,911.00 tons/year

Description: Annual biomass increment on the project areai.

Source of data: GIS

Measurement

Based on the 2009 image analysis done by WWF’s GIS unit on woody

biomass


11


QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: Since data was not published by MOF on the Annual wood increment

(I) in the project area; GIS image analysis of 2009 was done to

calculate Woody biomass area (A) of the project area and then the

Annual wood increment (I) was calculated to finally help calculate the

NRB

8. Annual biomass harvest in the project area i: H

Data / Parameter: ID 8 / H

Data unit: 478,257.00 tons/year

Description: Annual biomass harvest on the project areai.

Source of data: Existing data of MoF

Measurement

This data is taken from the calculation sheets as submitted with the PDD’s excel

sheet calculation in sheet “NRB calc’ Cell D18 as no new data has been made

available from the publications from the Ministry of Forest and Soil

Conservation



QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: No new data was available, hence existing data used during drafting the PDD

was again used

9. Fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio-digester, S in climate region k:

MS(T,S,k):

Data / Parameter: ID 9/ MS(T,S,k)

Data unit: [- ] 83.35%

Description: fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio-digester, S in climate region

k

Source of data: survey – BSP database

Measurement



QA/QC procedures:

Any comment:

Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% QC and

monitoring sampling. This was the data obtained when plants operational from 1st


June 2007 were sampled in 2010. Source of Data: BSP Data base


Data unit: [- ] 86.73%

Description: fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio-digester, S in climate

region k


Measurement


12


QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% QC and


July 2007 to 30th June 2008 were sampled in 2010. Source of Data: BSP Data base


Data unit: [- ] 85.56%

Description: fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio-digester, S in climate

region k


Measurement



QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% QC and


July 2008 to 30th


10. Physical Leakage of the bio-digester: PL

Data / Parameter: ID 10 / PL

Data unit: [- ] 10%

Description: Physical Leakage of the biodigester

Source of data: Survey or other measuring method, default values of 2006 IPCC Guidelines for

National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is 10%.

Measurement


Monitoring frequency:

QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: IPCC values taken

11. Number of life stock of category K: LC

Data / Parameter: ID 11 / LC

Data unit: [- ] 2.988/household

Description: Number of livesstock of category K

Source of data: BSP Database

Measurement



QA/QC procedures:

Any comment: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% sampling.

This was the data obtained when plants operational from 1st

January 2007 to

30th

June were sampled in 2010. Source of Data: BSP Data base

13



Description: Number of livestock of category K


Measurement



QA/QC procedures:



July 2007 to 30th




Description: Number of livestock of category K


Measurement



QA/QC procedures:



July 2008 to 30th


12. Sales registration/Monitoring: (Sustainability Indicator)

As per the report given by BSP Nepal; the following numbers of plants have been registered as

operations for the mentioned monitoring period.

ID 12: Sales registration/Monitoring

Date: 1st



Date: 1st

July 2007 to 30th


Date: 1st

July 2008 to 30th


The registration of plants post sales indicates that the people are installing biogas plants and are

having access to renewable energy.

Source of Data: BSP Data base

13. Performance Monitoring:

ID 13: Performance Monitoring:

Since 100% of the constructed plants cannot be monitored, random sampling was conducted by the

oracle software at BSP to obtain 5% as sample size of the constructed batch of plants or minimum 60

plants- which ever is more for monitoring purpose. The monitoring team then heads out to the field

to monitor the plants.

Number of plants monitored for performance was as follows

14

Quality control of plants operational from 1st



Refer Excel Sheet

1. Emission Reduction from 1January 2009 to 31st December 2009.xls : Sheet Fuelwood_after biogas

Excel sheet: 1620 lot


July 2007 to 30th


Refer Excel Sheet

2. Emission Reduction from 1January 2009 to 31st December 2009.xls: Sheet Fuelwood_after biogas



July 2008 to 30th

June 2009: 68 plants:

Refer Excel Sheet

3. Emission Reduction from 1January 2009 to 31st December 2009.xls: Sheet Fuelwood_after biogas


Source of Data: BSP Data base and report

14. Jobs Created (Sustainability Indicator)

ID 14: Jobs Created

Sustainability Indicator: The number of jobs created in the biogas sector is monitored by BSP Nepal

as BSP not only monitors the quality controls and construction of the biogas plants but in the same

time ensures healthy competition among construction companies, trains new personnel so as to

create jobs in the biogas sector given its demand.

a. The increase in the number of employment created in the biogas sector is indicative of the

potentials of addressing increase in the demand of the biogas in future. Besides, the sector is also

creating a forum for employment generation. This factor enables the up-scaling of the program

without burdening on limited human resources but expanding local capability to undertake the task.

b. There are more than 63 biogas companies, thus there are opportunities to work in the best

company/companies as skilled masons, supervisors as well as project managers and administration.

Data of Employment in 2009 under WWF Nepal Gold Standard Biogas VER Project: (Source BSP Nepal)

S. No. Particulars Number of Employment Generated in 2009

1 Mason 300

2 Supervisor 150

3 ASS Technician 24

4 Junior Biogas Technician 0

5 Company Staff 350

6 Staff in NGOs involved in this sector 250

7 Staff in AEPC and NBPA 150

8 Others (Unskilled Labor) 1000

Total 2224

15


15. Time Saved by households (Sustainability Indicator)

ID 15: Time saved by Households

Source: Survey

Time saved by household in 2008: About 2hrs 42 minutes/day in summer and 1 hour 6

minutes in winter after installing biogas plants:

Source: Biogas User’s Survey of Biogas Systems: 2008 (pg 17 section 4.3)

Time saved by household in 2009:

43.64% of the saved time is used for Income generation activities

Source: Biogas User’s Survey of Biogas Systems: 2009 (pg52 section 6.3)

Sustainability Indicator:

a. The increased time saved from collection of fuel wood will allow the beneficiaries to be

either involved in other income generation activities or devote more time to farming which

could be source of income generation and or also spend time quality time with their family

and household chores and cater to entertainment or information by watching TV provided

electricity is available in the village. This enables livelihood enhancement and reduced

dependence on the public resources.

16. Toilets Constructed (Sustainability Indicator)

ID 16: Toilets constructed

Source: BSP Survey

Total number of toilets constructed with option in 2007: 1620

Total Number of toilets constructed with option in 2008: 1065

Total Number of toilets constructed with option in 2009: 1288


a. The construction of toilets ensures improved sanitation and hygiene. This technology has

integrated approach with benefits of positive impact health and thereby self esteem. But

some households have not used it given the cultural beliefs.


17. People Trained (Sustainability Indicator)

ID 17: People trained

Source: BSP Survey


a. Users’ Training is an inherent component of the program. The users of the technology

are trained on the operation, maintenance as well as minor repairing of the system. The

users are also trained on the uses of the slurry for increased agricultural. This

emphasizes on the longetivity of the technology such that the users are prevented from

having to fall back on the use of fuel wood even when system is non-operation due to

16

minor problems. Increased agri-production with the use of slurry as manure ensures

food security and reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. All in the entire project

reflects the closed loop nature of the development components covering food, energy

and health.

b. Trainings are also organized for new masons, supervisors as well as upgrading the

existing masons and supervisors.


Biogas: Close Loop Development

SOIL

FOOD

CROPS

Crucial Link

PEOPLEURINE + ANIMAL

DUNG+HUMAN FAECES

WATER

SAFE FERTILISER

BIOGAS DIGESTER

SAFE FERTILISER

BIOGAS DIGESTER

SAFE FERTILISER

BIOGAS DIGESTER

Biogas: Close Loop Development

Year: 2009: Summary of Trainings (Source: Progress Report WWF 2009; Pg 3, 4 Submitted by BSP Nepal)

Number of Persons Trained under Different Disciplinary

Source: Progress Report from BSP Nepal : 23

rd June 2009

17

18. Human Resources trained in TAL (Terai Arc Landscape Program) (Sustainable Indicator)

ID 18: Number of People from MFIS and CFCC trained.

Source: WWF Nepal Program

22


a. The training cum capacity building program will enable the locals to build technological self reliance. They will be able to better their skills in fund

management and the marketing of the biogas plants.

23

Description of the measurement procedures for the SD indicators, trainings provided as well as

number of jobs created:

A measurement procedure for the sustainability indicators is that if the biogas technology starts

facing technical problems and are not maintained rendering more than 97% of biogas plants not

being functional due to lack of technical expertise.

With the trainings and awareness programs conducted; if the demand of the biogas plants does not

increase this could be a failure of the trainings provided; i.e otherwise the biogas is replaced with a

new renewable technology that is affordable and feasible in Nepal

With the demand of the biogas plants, the employment also increases to some degree. If there is no

slight increase in employment or it is not stable and there is a great decrease in the number of

people employed. This means that this renewable energy sector is no more in demand.

19. Number of plants MFIs financed through CFCC (Sustainable indicator)

ID 19: Number of Plants MFI financed through CFCC

Source: WWF Nepal and BSP database.

Financing Mechanism for plants constructed from 1st


June 2007

Total number of plants constructed through loan financing: 739 plants

Total number of plants constructed through self financing: 881 plants

Financing Mechanism for plants constructed from 1st

July 2007 to 30 June 2008



Financing Mechanism in for plants constructed from 1st

July 2008 to 30 June 2009



Source of Data: BSP data Base

Sustainable indicator:

a. The fact that people either construct the biogas through their own funds or take loans helps to

create a degree of ownership among the users. The funds that are taken as loans revolve back to

the CFCC/MFIs (Community Forest Coordination Committee/ Micro Finance Institutions) which

can be used for the future maintenance of the biogas plants or once all the 7500 biogas plants

are constructed the CFCC/MFIs can use the funds for the development activities of the area. This

training and fund mobilizations helps creating not only technology ownership amongst the

beneficiaries but also enabling the remaining households in the community to access the funds in

the development process.

20. Others:


24

Water:

a. There is no pollution of water through the use of biogas. Water is mixed with dung to

generate CH4 which is burned and used for cooking. The slurry that comes out is drained

to the agricultural fields where there is no source of water.

Air:

a. Air is not polluted with smell as the gas generated from the biogas is odourless.

b. The use of biogas minimizes indoor pollution which then has positive health benefits.

Soil:

a. The slurry that comes out of the digester can be used as an organic fertilizer in the

agricultural yield which increases productivity of the agro-based products and vegetables as

well. This also helps to maintain a nutrient balance of the soil.

Biodiversity:

a. Pressure in the forest is reduced as people will not have to go in search of fuel wood for

daily cooking; which sends positive vibes for biodiversity conservation.

Thus overall the technology and the inbuilt development components ensure cleaner environment

and conservation of natural resources.

5.0 Monitoring Methodology Presently, two separate CDM Project Activities for household biogas are ongoing under Alternative

Energy Promotion Centre. BSP-Nepal is the field implementing agency of these two activities.

Therefore, there is already an established monitoring methodology and all elements proposed in the

methodology are in line with the existing methodology, thus ensuring quality in implementing the

monitoring plan.

Roles and responsibilities for monitoring procedures:

BSP Nepal is responsible for supervising the construction of plants and to maintain the database. Since 100% sampling is not possible for quality control and monitoring; BSP Nepal selects 5% of the

plants constructed but exceeding a minimum of 60 plants under the WWF Nepal Gold Standard

Biogas Project within a given period based on random sampling (done by the oracle software) for

quality monitoring. The random samples of the biogas plants derived from the software are then

surveyed.

Just to verify the quality control of the plants constructed, BSP Nepal also ensures a 100% After Sales

Service (ASS) of the plants. 5% sampling of the plants exceeding a minimum of 60 samples are

randomly chosen by the software are selected for QC and monitoring.

The purpose of regular quality control and monitoring is to verify the quality and performance of the

biogas plant, after sales services of the company and help calculate the carbon credits generated

from the constructed and functional plants in the given period. The newly constructed plants are

inspected from construction quality and operational performance perspective.

25

Refer to : Quality Control of Biogas Plants

Obtaining of data, data handling, processing and storage:

BSP Nepal is responsible for collecting all the data from the field right from the construction of the

plants to it after sales service and quality control. The raw data obtained from the field in the form

of surveys and questionnaires through trained personnel’s working for BSP Nepal during After Sales

Service and Quality control are brought to the BSP Nepal from the field are entered into the

computer and run using the Oracle software. The oracle software can convert the Bikram Sambat

(B.S.) dates to Anni Dommini (AD) as well.

The data is entered into the computer by a person hired for entering data in the computer. A person

also heads the database unit and the data entered is crosschecked. The raw data is then kept at BSP

Nepal’s premises and not thrown away. The data entered can be extracted to in both excel and or

word formats.

When processing the data for calculations; WWF Nepal asks BSP Nepal for the necessary data the

format it is required. WWF Nepal in technical assistance with Winrock then does the calculations and

prepares the Monitoring Report for the said period.

All the data raw are stored in BSP Nepal’s premises and in the computer as well. BSP Nepal also has a

back up system of all the data entered.

Once the project is verified and the credits issued a copy of this MR is submitted by WWF Nepal to

Ministry of Environment, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre and BSP- Nepal. This data is then

stored with WWF Nepal and BSP Nepal.

6.0 Emission Reduction Calculation

Exante- values

NCV I - firewood 0.0156 TJ/ton

Table 1.2 IPCC

2006

15.6 TJ/Gg = 15.6 TJ/Giga

gram

= 0.0156 TJ/ tonnes

(Gg=1000 tonnes)

EF CO2- firewood 112.00 ton CO2/TJ

Table 1.4 IPCC

2006 112000 kg/TJ = 112 ton/TJ

EFT 5 (kgCH4 animal-1 yr-1)

Annual CH4 emission factor for

livestock category T, (tCH4 animal-1 yr-

1).

PL 10%

Physical Leakage of the bio-digester in

year y (%).

ηbiogastove 43.80%

Combustion efficiency of the most

commonly used type of biogas stove.

Operational Plants: 97% Reference Nepal Biogas PDD Activity 1

26

Formulae used:

Baselines Emissions:

Baseline Emissions from Fuel Used:

BE ton CO2/year The total amount of CO2 emission in the pre-project situation

nhh,y Households

Total number of households participating in the program for the

monitoring interval

σBE Standard deviation of CO2 emission in the baseline situation

μBE

Mean of CO2 emission of households included in the baseline sample

group

nbl Households Total number of households included in the baseline sample group

z Standard normal for a confidence level of 95% (1.96)

NCV I - firewood TJ/ton Table 1.2 IPCC 2006

EF CO2- firewood ton CO2/TJ Table 1.4 IPCC 2006

µBE Mean of CO2 emission of households included in the baseline sample group

∑BEh ton CO2/year

n bl Total number of households included in the baseline sample group

σ BE,th Standard deviation of CO2 emission in the baseline situation

∑(BE -µ Beth)^2

nbl

Total number of households included in the baseline sample

group

Baseline Emissons from Animal Waste Calculations

IPCC TIER 1 Approach

⋅−=

bl

BEBEyhh

nznBE

σµ,

bl

h

n

BEBE

∑=µ

( )( )iCOih EFNCVBE2hbl,i,

F ⋅⋅Σ=

( )

1

2

,

,−

−

=

∑

bl

thhth

thBEn

BEBE µ

σ

27

BEaw,h,,,T1 ton CH4/cattle/ yr

the baseline emission from handling of animal waste in year y for household h

for TIER 1

MS (T,S,k) fraction (%)

fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the biodigester of household

h, in

climate region k, dimensionless

VSt (cow) kg /animal/day

daily volatile solid excreted for livestock category T, kg dry matter animal-1 day-

1

VSt (buffalo) kg /animal/day

daily volatile solid excreted for livestock category T, kg dry matter animal-1 day-

1

EF aw,I (cow) kg CH4/cattle/yr

the animal waste methane emission factor by average ambient temperature in

kgCH4animal-

1yr-1 for livestock category T

EF aw,I (buffalo) kg CH4/cattle/yr

the animal waste methane emission factor by average ambient temperature in

kgCH4animal-

1yr-1 for livestock category T

GWP of Methane 21 Global Warming Potential of Methane

Project Emissions

PE y,h ton CO2/year

Project Emissions

PE,th,,h,y ton CO2/year

Project emissions from fuels used to meet the thermal energy (tCO2e/yr).

PE,biodigester,,h, y ton CO2/year

Project emission from the biodigester 2009(tCO2e/yr).

Project Emissions from Fuel Used

PE

ton CO2/year

Project emissions from fuels used to meet the thermal energy

need (tCO2e/yr).

nhh,y

Total number of households participating in the programme for

the year y

σBE Standard deviation of CO2 emission in the project situation.

μPE

Mean of CO2 emission of households included in the project

sample group.

npj Total number of households included in the project sample group.

z Confidence Interval

)( ,,,1,, iawTkSTThaw EFVSMSBE ⋅Σ⋅=

yhrbiodigesteyhthhy PEPEPE ,,,,, +=

⋅+=

pj

PE

PEyhhn

znPEσ

µ,

28

NCV I - firewood TJ/ton Table 1.2 IPCC 2006

EF CO2- firewood ton CO2/TJ Table 2.5 IPCC 2006

µPE

Mean of CO2 emission of households included in the project sample

group.

∑PEh ton CO2/year

n pj Total number of households included in the project sample group.

σ PE,th Standard deviation of CO2 emission in the project situation.

∑(PE -µ PEth)^2

npj Total number of households included in the project sample group.

Project emissions from biodigester

PE,biodigester,,h, y PE per biodigester (kgCH4 yr-1)

LCT,h,y see fuelwood_after biogas sheet Number of animals of livestock category T in year y in household h.

EFT (kgCH4 animal-1 yr-1)

Annual CH4 emission factor for livestock category T, (tCH4 animal-1

yr-1).

PL Physical Leakage of the biodigester in year y (%).

ηbiogastove

Combustion efficiency of the most commonly used type of biogas

stove.

Statistical Correction for PE biodigester y

pj

h

n

PEPE

∑=µ

( )( )iCOih EFNCVPE 2hbl,i,F ⋅⋅Σ=

( )

1

2

,

,−

−

=

∑

pj

thhth

thPEn

PEPE µ

σ

)1)(1()()( ,,,,, ybiogastoveTyhTyTyhTyrbiodigeste PLEFLCPLEFLCPE −−⋅⋅+⋅⋅= ∑∑ η

pj

ybiodigeste

yhrbiodigesten

PEPE

∑=

,

,,µ

29

Total Baselines Emissions:

BE y (Total Baseline emission) = BE th,y + BE aw,y

Total Project Emissions:

PE y,h (Total Project Emissions) = PE,th,,h,y + PE,biodigester,,h, y

Total Emissions Reductions = Total Baselines Emissions - Total Project Emissions

Since 97% of the plants are considered operational, only 97% of the ERs are calculated as

Total Emissions Reductions.

( )

1

2

,,,

,−

−

=

∑

pj

yhrbiodigestehrbiodigeste

rbiodigestePEn

PEyPE µ

σ

⋅+=

bl

terPEbiodiges

yhterPEbiodigesyhhn

znPE yhrbiodigeste

σµ ,,,,,

30

1. ER Calculation of plants operational from 1st


June 2007 for crediting period 1st


December 2009

The total number of plants operational from 1st


June 2007 were credited from 1st


December 2009

(365) days

Random Sampling was done using the Oracle software so as to obtain at least 5% samples or more than 60 samples. The samples were then

monitored and with the data the calculations were done as follows:

88 samples of plants operational from 1st


June 2007 monitored in 2010

Refer to the excel sheet for detailed calculations:

1. Emission Reduction from 1st


December 2009.xls

Total Baseline Emissions 8,453 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009

Total Project Emission

1,364 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009

Emission Reduction 7,089 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009

Emission Reduction Considering 97% operational plants 6876.70 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009


July 2007 to 30th



December 2009


July 2007 to 30th

June 2008 credited from 1st


December 2009 (365) days




J uly2007 to 30th


31




December 2009.xls

Total Baseline Emissions 5,575 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009


1,253 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009

Emission Reduction 4,322 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009

Emission Reduction Considering 97% operational plants 4192.39 ton CO2 from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009


July 2008 to 30th


July 2009 to 31st

December 2009


July 2008 to 30th

June 2009 credited from 1st

July 2009 to 31st

December 2009 (365/2) days




July 2008 to 30th




July 2009 to 31st

December 2009.xls

Total Baseline Emissions 3,368 ton CO2 from 1st July 2009 to 31st December 2009


752 ton CO2from 1st July 2009 to 31st December 200

Emission Reduction 2,616 ton CO2from 1st July 2009 to 31st December 2009

32

Emission Reduction Considering 97% operational plants 2537.34 ton CO2from 1st July 2009 to 31st December 2009

TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS

ER Considering 97% operational plants (A) + ER Considering 97% operational plants (B) + ER Considering 97% operational plants (C)

= 6876.70 + 4192.39 + 2537.34

= 13606. 43 tons of CO2 eq for crediting period 1st


December 2009

Year Wise Emission Reduction:

Emissions Reduction for 2009= 13606.43 tons of CO2 eq

Moreover on comparing the ERs, the estimated ERs in the PDD for 2009 was 13,081 tCO2 eq. but the actual ERs for 2009 resulted to be

13606.43 tCO2 eq. The main reason for this deviation was that more biogas plants were constructed in 2007 than estimated. 1620 plants were

constructed in 2007 though 1178 was estimated.

33

7.0 Explanation to special events

WWF Nepal tried to raise funds to construct the targeted annual biogas plants as mentioned

in the PDD but due to the financial crisis fund raising was not very easy which hampered the

targeted construction of plants. But with the sale of the first vintage of credits the remaining

biogas plants have been construed. The buyer also provided upfront cost to construct all the

remaining biogas plants. The delay in the construction of biogas plants has had some

impacts of the ER.

8.0 Explanations to FARs FAR P1:

Since data was not published by MOF on the Annual wood increment (I) in the project area.

GIS image analysis of 2009 was done to calculate Woody biomass area (A) of the project

area and then the Annual wood increment (I) was calculated to finally help calculate the

annual NRB.

• The total woody biomass area (A) calculated analysing the 2009 images is 54512Ha.

The total woody biomass was calculated by Senior GIS Officer Mr. Gokarna Jung

Thapa. The methodology for calculating the woody biomass area is attached.

• The mean annual increment (B) is 1.2m3/Ha/year as per the data attached in the

PDD and provided by the Ministry of Forest

• With the change in woody biomass area the annual increment (C) = 65414m3/year

• Density of wood (D) = 0.87tonnes/m3

• Annual wood increment (I)= 0.87*1.2*54512= 56911tonnes/year

The process in which the woody biomass was calculated can be referred to Woody Biomass

Methodology for MR 2009.doc

Maps of the analysis is also submitted.

FAR Q1:

An internal audit was conducted at BSP Nepal and the internal audit report has been

submitted to the DOE.

Reference:

INTERNAL AUDIT.doc

AEPC ORG Chart.doc

Biogas Plant Flow Chart - (R Jan 11).doc

FAR Q2:

The questionnaires which were earlier in the Nepali format have been changed to the

English format. The monitoring team used these forms in the field to get the required data.

Samples of the questionnaires conducted in the field were submitted to the DOE during the

verification visit.

The sample of the questionnaire form can be referred to

03 03 10 ASS Maint COMP and CONTROL MASTER FORMAT questoinnaire 6263.xls

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