SECOND QUARTER 1991 • NUMBER 71

PUBLISHED BY THE 'INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIErTlgS..-

AUSTRALIA • CANADA • UNITED KINGDOM •^GNITED STATESJHE RT. HON. SIR WINSTON S. CHURCHILL SOCIETY OF BRITISH «

NO. 71 • SECOND QUARTER 1991 • ISSN 0882-3715

Published quarterly by The International Churchill Societies of Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States

COVERThe Frank Salisbury portrait of Sir Winston has now been replicated bythe British National Trust Collection, and is offered in a way which alsobenefits ICS. See article on page 11.

ARTICLES ~Cover Story: 11The Salisbury Painting Replicaby Norman ShaiferI.C.S United States 1991 Conference 12More on the Great Event in Virginia November 2nd-5thby Richard H. Knight, Jr."A Kind of Gestapo" 14Reflections During the Search for a Homefor ICS/USA and a Center for Churchill Studiesby Richard M. LangworthPoems Churchi Loved: "IF" 17by Rudyard KiplingGeorge Temple: A Tribute 18Canada's English-Speaking Unionby John G. PlumptonChartwelChidhood 20A Nostalgic Return to a Magic Landby the Hon. Emma SoamesSUMMER BOOK SECTIONManfred Weidhom: Words About Words 23Matt Fox: The Greening of Churchill's Canon 25Joe Mysak: "The Churchill Eisenhower Correspondence 26Noel Taylor: "Churchill/A Life" by Martin Gilbert 27New Editions: "The World Crisis" and" Mariborough" 28Blenheim Award to Lee Remfck 30Gregory Peck Leads ICS' Tribute Aboard HMS "Queen Mary"by Shirley Graves

DEPARTMENTSEditorial/3 Despatch Box/4 International Datelines/6 Action This Day/19Churchilltrivia/35 ICS Stores/36 Note: "Churchill in Stamps" will resumein the next issue.

FINEST HOUR ~

Editor: Richard M. Langworth (tel. 603-746-4433 days)Post Office Box 385, Contoocook, New Hampshire 03229 USA

Senior Editors: John G. Plumpton (tel. 416-497-5349 eves)130 Collingsbrook Blvd, Agincourt, Ontario, Canada M1W 1M7

H. Ashley Redbum, OBE (tel. 0705 479575)7 Auriol Dr., Bedhampton, Hampshire PO9 3LR, England

Cuttings Editor John Frost (tel. 081-440-31 59)8 Monks Ave, New Barnet, Herts., EN5 1D8, England

Contributors:George Richard, 7 Channel Hwy, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia 7006Stanley E. Smith, 9 Beech Drive, Littleton, MA 01460 USADerek L Johnston, Box 33859 Stn D, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6J 4L6Ron Cohen, 4755 Grosvenor, Montreal PQ Canada H3W 2L9

Produced for ICS by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc.

THE INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIETIES

Founded in 1968, the Society consists of three independent, not-for-profit charitable organisations in Canada, the United Kingdom' and theUnited States, plus branch offices in Australia and New Zealand, whichwork together to promote interest in and education on the life' times,thought and work of Sir Winston Churchill, and to preserve his memory!The independent Societies are certified charities under the separate lawsof Canada, the UK and USA, and are affiliated with similar organisationssuch as the Winston S. Churchill Societies of Western Canada. FinestHour is provided free to Members or Friends of ICS, which offers severallevels of support in various currencies. Membership applications andchanges of address should be sent to the National Offices listed opposite.Editorial correspondence: PO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 USAfax 603-746-4260, telephone 746-4433. Permission to mail at non^profit rates in the USA granted by the US Postal Service. Produced byDragonwyck Publishing Inc. Copyright © 1991. All rights reserved.

SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL SOCIETY ~

Founded in 1964, the Society works to ensure that Sir Winston's idealsand achievements are never forgotten by succeeding generations Allmembers of the B.C. Branch are automatic ICS members, while ICSmembership is optional to members of the Edmonton and CalaarvBranches. Activities include banquets for outstanding people connectedwitha spects of Sir Winston's career; public speaking and debatinacompetitions for High School students, scholarships in Honours Historvand other activities, including scholarships for study at Churchill College!

PATRON OF THE SOCIETIES ~~ ~

The Lady Soames, DBE ~ " ~~

TRUSTEES ~

ICS/UK: The Lady Soames; The Duke of MarlborouarrLord Charles Spencer-Churchill; Hon. Celia Perkins- '

GJ. Wheeler; Nicholas Soames, MP; Richard Haslam-Hopwood-David Merritt; David Porter M '

ICS/USA: Ambassador Paul H. Robinson, Jr Chmn •The Lady Soames; Hon. Caspar Weinberger; Rt Hon Lord Pvm

Wendy R. Reves; Richard M. Langworth; George A Lew^TJ. Sinclair Armstrong

Winston S. Churchill, MPMartin Gilbert, CBEGrace Hamblin, OBERobert Hardy, CBEPamela C. HarrimanJames Calhoun Humes

Yousuf Karsh, CC ;

The Duke of Mariborough DL JPAnthony Montague Browne, CBE, DFC

The Lady Soames', DBEWendy Russell Reves' W W i r , QBE

COUNCIL OF CHURCHILL SOCIETIES

United Kingdom D^t ^ S ^United States: Merry N. A S C ' EDerek Brownleader, R. Alan Frtch LamT* ,1 qUISt

Richard M. Langworth, Geoje A L e ^ e d T ? 'James W. Muller, William C rves

D I R E C T O R Y

INTERNATIONAL COUNCILCelwyn P. Ball, Chairman

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, N.B. E1C 8J6Telephone (506) 387-7347

THE CHURCHILL SOCIETIESICS/Australia: Peter M. Jenkins, (03) 700-1277

8 Regnans Ave., Endeavour Hills, Vic. 3802

ICS/Canada: David Currie, Chmn.Hon. Sec: Celwyn Ball, (506) 387-7347

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton N.B. E1C 8J6

ICS/United Kingdom: David Porter, Chmn.Hon. Sec: David Merritt (0342) 327754

24 The Dell, E. Grinstead, W.Sx. RH19 3XP

ICS/USA: Hon. Paul H. Robinson Jr., Chmn.Hon. Sec: Derek Brownleader (504) 752-33131847 Stonewood Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70816

DEPARTMENTS AND PROJECTSICS Stores: Alan Fitch

9807 Willow Brook Cir., Louisville, KY 40223

Commemorative Covers: Dave Marcus221 Pewter La., Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA

Publications: Richard M. LangworthPO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 USA

ICS CHAPTERSMerry Alberigi, Coordinator

21 Bahama Reef, Novato CA 94949 USATelephone (415) 883-9076

Alaska: James W. Muller1518 Airport Hts Dr., Anchorage AK 99508

Arizona: Marianne Almquist2423 E. Marshall Ave., Phoenix AZ 85016

California: Merry Alberigi21 Bahama Reef, Novato CA 94949

Chicago: William C. Ives8300 Sears Tower, Chicago IL 60606

Illinois: Amb. Paul H. Robinson Jr.135 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, IL 60603

Nashville: Richard H. Knight, Jr.PO Box 24356, Nashville, TN 37202

New Brunswick: Celwyn P. Ball1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, NB E1C 8J6

New York City: Alfred J. Lurie450 E. 63rd St. Apt 8A, New York, NY 10021

New England: Cyril Mazansky50 Dolphin Rd., Newton Centre, MA 021 59

North Texas: Jean Smalling10307 Bernardin, Dallas, TX 75243

Toronto: The Other Club. Murray Milne33 Weldrick Rd., E., Ph #9

Richmond Hill, Ontario L4C 8W4

THOUGHTS AND ADVENTURES

George Temple, R.I.P.Founder of ICS/Canada, Blenheim Award winner, tireless worker on behalfof the Heroic Memory of Sir Winston, George Temple was my friend andally for a decade. When ICS was reactivated in 1981 and needed someoneto set up an office in Canada, the late Dal Newfield recommended Georgeas "absolutely reliable and totally devoted." As ever, Dal was as good ashis word. For eight years, George was there when we needed him. Hisdevotion was as advertised: he couldn't understand how anybody couldget along without ICS. Sometimes this position cost him a listener, yet hewas exactly right for his job.

George's influence was pervasive, and he was usually right. He noticeddetails that escaped everyone else: that ICS should have its own logo (our"V" symbol, now registered, was the result), that not everybody knewwhere "Rl" or "NWT" were, so "Despatch Box" ought to include thewriter's country. In the broader scheme he was indefatigable, negotiatingour relationship with Vancouver Society, securing charitable status inCanada, organizing the 1984 Toronto conference, attending every Chur-chill Tour to date, traveling west to the dinners of the Edmonton-Calgary-Vancouver Societies, and across town to canvass students of the WinstonChurchill School as to who they thought its namesake was.

In this issue, John Plumpton eulogizes the friend we have lost. We con-sole ourselves knowing how he hated getting old, hated his growingdeafness and loss of memory; yet he battled on. As Churchill said of Cur-zon, "the morning was golden, the noontide bronze, and the evening lead.But all were solid, and each was polished till it shone after its fashion."

Lord Randolph: I Was WrongBack in issue 67 ("A New Gathering Storm") I had some very tough wordsto say about writers who insist that Lord Randolph Churchill died ofsyphilis, on the sole grounds of innuendo. Now Martin Gilbert in his one-volume biography (reviewed this issue) has taken up the subject with hisusual thoroughness. At the London publishing festivities (see UK Newson page 6), Dr. Gilbert mentioned that he was allowed access to the RoyalArchives on this subject. (The King asked Lord Randolph's doctors to keephim advised in the event his own doctors could help.) Gilbert sent theirreports to a number of physicians, naming no names but asking them toidentify the disease being described. Their answer was always the same:"This patient is suffering from syphilis."

To quote WSC's son Randolph at the outset of the official biography, "Iam interested only in the truth." Finest Hour thus withdraws its assertionsin this matter on the basis of the first really thorough historical investigation— by Martin Gilbert. Who else?

Apologies: Issue 70In the process of minor rejuggling of the cover and masthead, we left thewrong instructions and deleted the Churchill Society of Vancouver, whichprovides automatic ICS membership to its members. Sorry!

Apologies to Sir Robin RenwickAlso in issue 70 (p27) we announced that Sir Robin is to be the new BritishAmbassador to the United States, but ran a photograph of Michael Gather-cole, who is actually British Consul in Cleveland. Sorry!!

Apologies to DAN MahoneyThe article about "Going to War" {FH 70, p12) was incorrectly bylined"Tom Mahoney" The author's name is DAN Mahoney, who is furthermoreProfessor of Politics (not History) at Assumption College. That we alsocalled Harry V. Jaffa "Harry W. Jaffa" on the contents page (but not,thankfully, his article) is less awful but also requires apology.

RICHARD M. LANGWORTH, EDTTOR

Finest Hour 71/3

DESPA TCH BOXGilbert on WSC's Schooldays

The following is excerpted withpermission from a letter by MartinGilbert to the Daily Telegraph (9April), responding to a reader whocriticised his new one-volumebiography for an account of Chur-chill's school career substantiallydifferent from Churchill's own.

Many are puzzled that the youngman who emerges from my book isnot the dunce that he himself por-trayed in My Early Life, publishedmore than 35 years after he leftschool.

Churchill's book was a humor-ous whimsical potboiler, written ata gallop, and with all the sparkle,fun and mischief of an auto-biography. It was not (and wouldnot have gained anything from be-ing] based upon the actual recordsnow available to me of Churchill'sschooldays: his reports, his lettershome, his masters' letters.

In later life it amused Churchillto tease the old, and to encouragethe young, by exaggerating his lackof success at exams. It is certainlynot to accuse him of lying for hisbiographer to point out the reality,which is neither black nor white.Even at St. James's School, Ascot(1882-84), where he was floggedand deeply unhappy, school reportsreveal that his history and geog-raphy were sometimes "exceed-ingly good."

At Brighton (1884-88) his mem-oirs simply do not tell us that helearnt Latin and Greek, and wasproud of his success in both. Heplayed one of the two Greeklanguage parts in Aristophanes'splay, "The Knights," and camefirst in four of the six papers that hetook in the examination at the ageof 13 (English History, AncientHistory, Bible, Algebra). His lettersshow his enjoyment of both Virgiland Herodotus — in the original.

At Harrow (1884-1892) Chur-chill also did much better than hismemoirs recount. When in 1930 hewrote, "Latin I could not learn" hewas simply in error. At the time hedid a great deal of Latin as well asGreek. But many of us, having ex-perienced Latin, remember only

Auberon Waugh wonders in his columnwhat would have become of WSC had hisgrades really been as bad as he made out.He'd never have made it "if people thoughthe was brainy," says Bron . . .

some sense of having been dunces.No doubt my own examinationresults in the early 1950s, which Irecall as abysmal, may prove myrecollections to be wrong; likeChurchill I spent hours and hourswith Julius Caesar and must havedone something right, though I re-call only a dismal sense of bewilder-ment.

Churchill, incidentally, in 1941,sent Stalin, who had complainedabout the poor quality of Britishaid to Russia, a five-word telegramin Latin: "BIS DAT QUI CITODAT." I suspect that not allreaders will be able to translate.

MARTIN GILBERT, LONDON

Young Pen Pal WantedI would be pleased to hear from

any young person who might liketo correspond with me. I have had astrong veneration for Sir WinstonChurchill for six years; being only14 years old, that is a fair portion ofmy life.

I can well recall the first time Ifelt the awesome power of SirWinston's indomitable speeches.One winter's eve I was watching aWalt Disney film when a knight(with an uncanny resemblance toWSC) began to speak of "fightingon the beaches." From that day on,I knew that Sir Winston was no or-dinary person.

Since then I have undertaken the

Finest Hour 71/4

task of alerting my friends to thegreatness of the "Old Man," firstby spreading his magnificent mes-sages, secondly by bombardingthem with his words, initially inmy homeland (England) and nowin Canada these last two years.

In any school paper I write, orany of the numerous speeches Imake to the school during assem-blies, I virtually always include atleast one excerpt from my near in-finite resource of Churchill quota-tions. I have even included a SirWinston speech when writing theGovernor General of Canada. Ihave added to our ranks at leastthree "converts" and am workingon others continuously to joinICS/Canada.

My one question is this: apartfrom your apparently breathtakingand fantastic international con-ferences, are there any activitiesplanned for the younger membersof ICS who cannot always afford toattend the annual meetings?

It has been a relief finally todiscover ICS, since for years I havewondered whether such a societyexisted. May I commend you onthe outstanding job you have donein producing Finest Hour and wishyou continuing success.

H. RAFAL S. MANKOO576 DENBURY AVE, OTTAWAONTARIO, CANADA K2A 2N9

Thank-you! We have no way ofknowing how many young peopleare Friends of the Societies, but wedo see them, and more people nowtell us they became interested inSir Winston from his speeches andwritings than from World War II.Although we do not yet have one inOttawa, ICS Chapters host numer-ous inexpensive local eventsthroughout the year: For examplethe New England Chapter met hereJune 8th for an English pub lunchand included 50 people amongwhom eight were under or around

Do bear in mind that while inter-national conferences may be expen-sive for the "full whack," studentsand young people are always in-vited to sit in on any speeches ordiscussions at no cost. Also atleast one antiquarian booksellerspecializing in Churchill (Chur-chillbooks, i.e., me) regularly sup-

plies young people with inexpen-sive editions at no 01 low cost.Finally, please read the followingletter.

Rafal, Meet LaurentI would be most thankful if

anyone in ICS could help me locatean American company where Icould do my training in electronicsand computer science this yearfrom summer through December.(As regards English, my TOEFLscore is 613, which is good.)

I am studying in this field as astudent-engineer. Since I passedmy General Certificate of Educa-tion and every University year suc-cessfully, I will shortly reach thelevel of an M.Sc. Naturally, I shallhave to do a four months' trainingperiod from September to Decem-ber this year, but very often, youngengineers begin their trainingperiod in July or August to achievesomething substantial.

I would be extremely happy to domy training in electronics in theUnited States. The opportunitiesare mor-e interesting, we are usedto working with American equip-ment, and there are more membersof ICS in the USA than France! Itwould be a good way to discover anew culture, new people, a new at-mosphere. I have no preference forplace or type of work, since we aresupposed to be "polyvalent."

It would be nice if we could hearmore news from the members wholive in other European countriessuch as Denmark, Eire, Greece,Holland, Sweden and Switzerland.A European newsletter, evensmall, would be interesting. Now,as usual, we need hands and goodwill. I would not mind being thecorrespondent for France. Coun-tries in Europe are not so big, andwe mostly all speak English.

LAURENT S. BENCHEMOUN

38 RUE RACHAIS

69007 LYON, FRANCE

Will any reader interested inhelping a Churchillian engineerwith his training please contactLaurent direct?

I met Laurent when he attendedthe French phase of the 1989 Chur-chill Tour. From the enthusiasmand knowledge he displayed re-garding Sir Winston, he is a kin-

dred soul and I urged Mr. Mankooto contact him, and vice-versa.

ICS/UK is the Churchill Societyresponsible for activities in Europe,and they publish a separate news-letter. Membership on the conti-nent is scant for the usual reason:publicity that includes ICS/UK'saddress is very hard to come by.

-Ed.

Finest Hour 69Concerning the usage of the

phrase "Iron Curtain" (p8), moreinformation can be found on pl31,n.5 of my book, Churchill's Rhet-oric and Political Discourse (1987),including use of the phrase in 1904and way back in the days of theTalmud.

I disagree with your footnotedstatement on pl5 contesting theidea that Churchill read mainlyBritish authors. The point at issueis, which writers captivated his im-agination? The writers you cite didnot. The only reference WSC evermakes to Nietzsche, e.g., is that hewouldn't have known how to use apeashooter — not exactly a sign ofany deep understanding of aseminal modern thinker.

In any case, my impressionisticconclusion as to WSC's favoringBritish over continental writershas since been corroborated byDarrell Holley's more scientificsurvey, Churchill's Literary Allu-sions.

MANFRED WEIDHORN

YESHTVA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK CITY* * *

Despite the disclaimer in youreditorial (p3) I would like you toknow that your words emphati-cally did "express the views of"this member. Simply put, bravo!One can only wonder what WSCwould have said about stopping thewar before the Hitler of Mesopo-tamia was turned out. What didsomeone recently call it, "Bush'sElbe on the Euphrates"? What willthe Kurd and Shiite rebels think ofthe US after having riled the dic-tator by foiling his foreign aggres-sion then leaving them to thetender mercies of the survivingRepublican Guards? One wouldthink a mini-SOE effort withStinger A-A missiles would be aminimum strategic and moralobligation on our part, along with

Finest Hour 71/5

keeping Hussein's air force ground-ed. Too bad, it might have been anice peace.

One housekeeping point: Wheremight I get a copy of "The Scaf-folding of Rhetoric" (mentioned byThomas Montalbo's cover story)and wouldn't it be a proper reprintfor Finest Hour?

PATRICK L. MOORE, CHICAGO

Try Professor James Muller, ICSAlaska Chapter (Directory, p3);Jim has written a piece on this sub-ject, and when we publish it wewill apply for permission to reprint"The Scaffolding of Rhetoric" withit.

Tell Us About It . . .Alan Fitch has sent me some

back issues of Finest Hour and I ammost grateful to you and him forcompleting my set. Churchill, inall his actions, means a great dealto me, and I am delighted to be ableto identify myself still closer withthe great man. I was stationed inLondon during much of the war,and it was my good fortune to haveseen WSC a couple of times, eachtime at a memorable moment.[Coming up in FH. — ED]

JAMES H. HEINEMAN, NEW YORK CITY

British Aid PacketI enclose 127 slides and 49 larger

transparencies showing a fairlygood representation of souvenirsand commemoratives of SirWinston. You are most welcome tokeep this material and use ithowever you wish in Finest Hour.Every item is described. I thinkmuch will be of interest to Friendsof the Churchill Societies.

RONALD SMITH, ENFIELD, MDLSX. UK

Mr. Smith is author of Images ofGreatness, a survey of souvenirsplus public and private tributes toWSC in all forms from pub signs tomonuments. The ICS New BookService continues to offer his workat a substantial discount. We aremost grateful to him for thismaterial.

Doolittle on ChurchillIn my chequered past I spent

quite a bit of time on several occa-sions with the great aviator Jimmy

continued on page 34

INTERN A TIONAL DA TELINESQuote of the Season

"We had the power and thechance to impose and enforce — Imust use that word — a partitionsettlement in Palestine by whichthe Jews would have secured theNational Home, (taking) intoaccount the legitimate rights of theArabs . . . which would have givenpeace and unity throughout thewhole vast scene of the MiddleEast. As to whether so large apolicy could have been carried intobeing I cannot be sure, but a settle-ment of the Palestine question onthe basis of partition would cer-tainly have been attempted. But allthis opportunity was lost."

—HOUSE OF COMMONS,10DEC48

Thanks Again, WendyCAP MARTIN, FRANCE MAY 28TH — W e n d yReves, who banked the funds sup-porting the first of ten new Com-panion Volumes to the official biog-raphy (see below) with ICS someyears ago, has very generouslydonated the interest earnings,some £4000, to the Society. Onceagain we are in debt to a great ladywho has done much to help pre-serve the memory of Sir Winstonthrough ICS and the ChurchillMemorial. We haven't yet dis-cussed the use of these funds, butwe have in mind a booklet projectrelating to literary subjects, inhonor of the late Emery Reves, whohandled WSC's books outside Bri-tain after the war, and Wendy.

— RML

ICS/UK NewsLONDON, MARCH 18TH — ICS UnitedKingdom hosted a reception inhonour of Martin Gilbert uponpublication of his new one-volumebiography, Churchill: A Life. Ledby Lady Soames, over 60 Friends ofthe Society and their guests attend-ed; Winston S. Churchill, MP wasin the Persian Gulf. ProfessorGilbert spoke about his nearly 30years as a biographer of Churchilland 23 years as official biographer.He also signed 72 copies for ICSmembers. At this writing a few areleft; for details contact David Mer-

ICS UK

ritt, hon. sec. [Directory, page 3).The American edition will bepublished in the autumn by HenryHolt & Co., and will be offered toFriends of ICS in North America bythe New Book Service.

At the London event, Dr. Gilbertinformed ICS Officers that themanuscript for Companion Vol-ume VI, part 1 — the first of tenfinal document volumes under-written by ICS and Wendy Reves —would be delivered to the Londonpublisher, Heinemann, on 26 June.Subsequent volumes will be com-pleted at six-month intervals.Seven will cover the war years," oneeach the postwar Oppositionperiod, the second Premiership,and the last decade.

* * *ANGLESEY, WALES, MAY - David Bolerof Seal, Kent, represented the UKSociety in an address to the Chur-chill Society of Anglesey, thescenic and rocky island off theNorth Welsh coast. David ac-quainted their members with thework of ICS and delivered some ofWSC's quotes on Wales, includ-ing some involving his longtimepolitical colleague, David LloydGeorge. "Lloyd" is a familiarenough name to Boler, an execu-tive with Lloyd's of London. He isalso a member of the ICS/UKCommittee and author of the finearticle about Churchill and Lloyd'sin Finest Hour 67.

"My first public speaking en-gagement did not prove to be theordeal I feared," David writes."Diane and I made a weekend of it;the North Wales countryside isstunning. I couldn't help but thinkon my way home to Kent that afabulous weekend was made possi-ble by the formation of a certain"Winston S. Churchill Study

Finest Hour 71/6

Unit" in Camp Hill, Pennsylvaniain 1968 . . . "

* * *STOP PRESS: ICS/UK has now set itssecond annual House of Commonsdinner for Friday, September13th. The main guest will be hon-orary member Winston S. Chur-chill, MP, who is also a Trustee ofthe UK Society. Dress is black tie.For tickets and information pleasecontact hon. sec. David Merritt(Directory, page 3).

ICS/UK Plans 1992 ConferenceCOPTHORNE, w. SUSSEX - Pauline andDavid Merritt, heading the Com-mittee planning the 1992 Interna-tional Conference, have selectedThe Copthorne Effingham Park nearGatwick, and named the weekendof June 13/14th as the Conferencedate. The traditional two black tiedinners with distinguishedspeakers will be held, although forone of these we may repair to theHouse of Commons. This is alsothe weekend of the Queen's Birth-day, and arrangements will besought by which ICS members mayattend the Trooping of the Colourin comfort.

The Copthorne Effingham Parkis built around a stately homewhose original drawing room hasbecome the elegant Wellingtoniarestaurant. A complete resort andconference centre, it features 122rooms and 15 conference/banquet-ing rooms, along with extensivesports and leisure amenitiesincluding a nine-hole golf courseIts pastoral location, in 40 acres ofSussex parkland, could hardly bemore convenient and allows easyaccess to Gatwick or London.

Churchill Tour VIThe Sixth International Chur-

chill Tour will commence early the

week of June 8th and will endaround June 19th, comprisingabout eleven days. As usual, wewill "cluster" events around onlythree hotels, with the Copthorneoccupying the weekend. Otherhotels will be the charming OldBell at Hurley, southwest of Lon-don on a lovely bend of the RiverThames, and (if we can get it)moat-equipped Leeds Castle inKent. The Bell is ideally situatedfor visits to Blenheim, Bladon andthe Hampshire countryside, whileLeeds Castle will put us in a goodposition for the east coast. Fromhere we have in mind a "CinquePorts" tour (yes, we know thereare seven) and nouses and othersites connected with Churchill onthe Channel coast.

All past Churchill Tours to Eng-land have been heavily patronized.With North American membershipat record levels we expect this oneto fill up fast. If you wish to receiveearliest booking information, senda postcard to the Editor, Box 385,Hopkinton NH 03229.

UK Friends are needed in dozensof ways to assist. If you would liketo help, or contribute your collec-tion for display or speak on a topicof WSC interest, contact DavidMerritt, 24 The Dell, E. Grinstead,W. Sussex RH19 3XP, telephone(0342) 327754.

ICS/USA Sponsors Polo Cup:Generous Grant from Pol Roger

Emma Soames to Represent FamilyNEW YORK, APRIL 18TH - Through thekindness of Christian Pol-Rogerand his United States Champagnedistributors, Frederick Wildmanand Sons, ICS United States willhave the honor of presenting the"Sir Winston Churchill Cup" topolo team accumulating the mostpoints in U.S. Polo Associationsponsored or sanctioned tourna-ments this year. The presentationwill take place at the U.S. Open inLexington, Kentucky on 22 Sep-tember, where directors andfriends of the Society are welcometo attend. Representing the Chur-chill family on behalf of ICS is theHon. Emma Soames, daughter ofLady Soames. Emma's memoir ofgrowing up at Chartwell appears inthis issue.

Churchill's polo career is little

known, but significant. He wasconsidered crucial to the success ofhis 4th Hussars team in India in hisyouth, and played the game untilhis fifties (one arm always strappedto prevent it "going out" — he haddislocated it reaching for a quay-side ring when arriving at Bombayin 1895). "Since Sir Winston wasgreatly interested in horses, and afan of Champagne Pol Roger, wethought it fitting to associate bothnames again with the horseworld," say Wildmans.

The bequest to ICS is equally im-portant. "In addition to the trophy,we would like to give the winningteam the honor of having a $10,000donation made in their name to theInternational Churchill Society,"Wildmans continue. After confer-ring with our Patron we enthusias-tically accepted. The bequest willreoccur annually, and will greatlyassist the work of the Society.

September 22nd is the date toremember, Lexington, Kentuckythe place. Friends of the Societywho wish to be present shouldwatch Finest Hour for furtherdetails, or write the editor.

Vancouver Hosts Rhodes JamesVANCOUVER, BC, MAY - The SirWinston S. Churchill Society ofBritish Columbia joined its brotherbranches in Edmonton and Albertaby welcoming historian RobertRhodes James, MP as their annualspeaker.

The events were interesting forseveral reasons: Rhodes James waseditor of the nearly-definitiveComplete Speeches (Bowker: 1974;not as complete as it ought to havebeen) and is a Conservative Mem-ber of Parliament. What is more in-teresting is the fact that he ranksamong the moderate revisionists,having authored a critical workwhose title suggests its focus:Churchill: A Study in Failure1900-1939 (London and New York:1970). This is a responsible criti-que,- indeed we named it as themost important critical work inour Handbook section last issue.

PR Manager WantedICS United States is in need of apublic relations manager to super-vise the drafting of press releasesand maintain a mailing list of

media people likely to use them intheir reporting. Press release draftsare generated by the editor, and canbe supplied in "camera ready"form for duplication. The jobsimply requires a little of your timeand maintaining an effective pressmailing list. Actual experience inpublic relations would be a bonus,but is not required. If you can help,contact the editor at (603) 746-4433.

CondolencesDeepest sympathies are expressedby the Churchill Societies to DickLebsanft of Margate, Queensland,Australia, former hon. secretary ofthe ICS Australasian Branch onthe loss of his wife,- and to RobertPilpel of New York City, USA,author of Churchill in America1895-1961 on the loss of hismother, Harriet. Mrs. Pilpel was adistinguished attorney and a bril-liant debater, particularly on thesubject of women's rights. Sheoften did battle with Wm. F.Buckley, Jr., who charminglymemorialized her in his magazine,National Review.

Lady Soames with President Saundeis, Fulton

Lady Soames at FultonFULTON, MO., APRIL UST — Patron of theSocieties Lady Soames deliveredthe annual Kemper Lecture in theChurch of St. Margaret, Alderman-bury, on the campus of West-minster College here, where herfather delivered the famous"Sinews of Peace" speech 45 yearsbefore. She also presented the firstcopy of the oil painting replica ofthe Salisbury portrait of her father(this issue's cover; see elsewherefor details) to the ChurchillMemorial and Library.

continued overleaf. . .

Finest Hour 71/7

INTERNATIONAL DATELINES

The Hated HombuigLONDON, MAY 9TH - The gray hom-burg WSC wore to the 1943 Casa-blanca conference with Rooseveltwas auctioned today by Sotheby's,along with a pair of buckskinboots presented to Churchill on a1944 visit to Canada. The itemswere sold by the son of a man whobought them in the late 1950s,when Lady Churchill donated themthem to a Tory fund-raiser.Sotheby's were estimating £5000-8000 for the hat and £1500-2500for the boots, but we have no infor-mation as to actual prices paid.

So often such items were notquite the cherished possessionswealthy bidders think they were."He absolutely hated this hat,"said Kerry Taylor, a Sotheby's ex-pert interviewed in the news-papers. "He used to wear it on for-mal occasions and important meet-ings [but] in later years he favouredsofter, less structured hats." MissTaylor said she received her infor-mation from Grace Hamblin, OBE,hon. member of ICS, former ad-ministrator of Chartwell, andsecretary of WSC and CSC for over40 years.

Send for SupermagLONDON, MAY 3RD — Auberon Waugh,son of Evelyn and a journalist gad-fly, has suggested sending Mrs.Thatcher to New Zealand tostraighten the place out. NewPrime Minister Jim Bolger, out tobalance the budget and roll backsocialism, is trying to restore thework ethic. Bron says he can't do italone: "Like Red Adair in the

oilfields, there is only one personin world politics for the job. LadyThatcher must be flown out toNew Zealand immediately as thenew Governor General to declare astate of emergency and exercise ab-solute power over these misguidedislanders for the rest of her days."

Tongue-in-cheek-Waugh saysBritain will be all right in themeantime. "We may be saved by avisitor from outer space in the per-son of Prime Minister John Major,who carries a battery of triple- andquadruple-headed viruses in hisphantom moustache. But we mustmove very carefully." We like allthis and it reminds us of similarjollies by WSC, though we suspectthat as usual, the lady's not forturning.

Olivia Dean Isabel WitterSAN FRANCISCO, JANUARY 2ND — JaC-queline and Malcolm Witter ofICS' California Chapter proudly an-nounce the birth of their daughterat seven pounds, two ounces. Morewill be heard from this young ICSmember in due course; in fact,more is being-heard at the mo-ment.

WSC Paintings on Place MatsNEW YORK, FEBRUARY MTH — Lady ClareLtd., producers of quality placemats, coasters and trays, has repro-duced six of Sir Winston's paint-ings which are available on alltheir products with the exceptionof paperweights and pictures. Ac-cording to Giles Feilding, Londonsales director, "We were veryhonoured to be asked by Mr. andMrs. Winston Churchill asked ifwe would be interested in repro-ducing some of Sir Winston's finepaintings." The project has the ap-proval of Churchill Heritage,holders of the copyright, and the

Finest Hour 71/8

National Trust on behalf of Chart-well, which has the originals.

The series, which is represen-tative of his fascination with land-scapes and the play of light andshadow, consists of "Pergola atTrent Park," "Walled Garden atCapponcina" and "View of Car-casonne" (1930); "Coast Scenenear Cap d'Ail" (1935); and "St.Jean Cap Ferrat" and "RiverMeuse with the Artist" (1946-47)."St. Jean" is the best known while"River Meuse" is one of only ahandful which include a self-portrait.

Lady Clare offers coasters, tablemats, small serving mats and largeplace mats, trays, letter racks, um-brella stands and waste paper bins;the price list we have quotes fourcoasters at $10.49 and place matsat $36.75, but we are not clearwhether the Churchills come six toa box and include all six paintings.Readers should contact Lady Clarefor prices and a brochure. In NorthAmerica, write them at Gallery726, 225 Fifth Avenue, NY 10010,telephone (212) 213-3737. In UKwrite them at Leicester Road, Lut-terworth , Leics. LE17 4HFtelephone (0455) 552101. '

Sir John Martin, 1904-1991The Churchill Societies are sad-dened to announce the death inApril of honorary member Sir JohnMartin, KCMG, CB, CVO, whoserved as Churchill's principalprivate secretary at Number Tenfrom 1941 to 1945.

Hired in haste to help relieveWSC's exhausted team of privatesecretaries, Martin quickly foundfavour because he was intelligent,conscientious and wrote admirable

English. (In his memoirs WSCreferred to Martin's "ascetic, clear-cut face.")

Churchill recorded how occa-sionally Martin found himself awelcome messenger. On 15 Sep-tember 1940 the news, WSC wrote,was "repellent: This had gonewrong here; that had been delayedthere . . . there had been bad sink-ings in the Atlantic. 'However/said Martin, 'all is redeemed by theair. We have shot down 183 for aloss of under 40.' " Later it wasfound that German losses wereonly 56, but this did not depriveMartin of his moment of glory. In1941 he succeeded Sir Eric Seal(WSC: "The Seal has left his icefloe.") as PPS. He accompaniedChurchill on all his importanttravels and was at every summitfrom Argentia (August 1941) toYalta (February 1945). Sir John'snatural modesty prevented himfrom ever writing a book about hisexperiences, though he did con-tribute to Action This Day (1968),written by several former Chur-chill associates to refute the whin-ings of Lord Moran's Churchill:Struggle for Survival (1966).

The son of a Church of Scotlandminister, John Miller Martin waseducated at Edinburgh and won ascholarship to Corpus Christi Col-lege, Oxford. He was posted laterto the Dominions Office and laterseconded to the Malayan Civil Ser-vice. As secretary of the PalestineRoyal Commission in 1936, he pro-duced a report recommending par-tition to solve the unending strifebetween Arabs and Jews — plus qachange, plus c'est la mime chose.

Martin left Number Ten beforethe Potsdam Conference and re-turned to the Colonial Office. In1956 he was appointed DeputyUnder-Secretary of State. Had polionot struck he would have ascendedstill further. From 1965 to 1967 hewas British High Commissioner inMalta. He was appointed a Com-mander of the Victorian Order in1943, a Companion of the Bath in1945, and a Knight Commander ofthe Order of St. Michael and St.George in 1952. He was elected anhonorary Fellow of his old collegein 1980 and became an honorarymember of ICS in 1984.

Erudite, notably well-read, withall the wit of a first class classical

scholar, John Martin was never'anything but an agreeable and en-tertaining companion, cautiousbut not dour, shrewd but not cen-sorious. He was typical of theloyal, devoted men and women ofChurchill's private office, whosetestimony will forever refute therevisionist ramblings of latterdaychroniclers.

THE "DAILY TELEGRAPH" & RML

Viscount De t'Isle, 1910-1991LONDON, APRIL 7TH — The ViscountDe L'Isle, who won the VictoriaCross for bravery in battle, showedeven greater courage in champion-ing unpopular causes. This appliedas much to Saddam Hussein as itdid to German officers after the1935-45 war, when he arguedagainst bringing them to trial. Thisposition he maintained: Accordingto his son, the Hon. Philip Sidney,who succeeds to the title, "Myfather was one of the peers whorecently voted against the Nazi warcrimes bill in the Lords." Duringthe Gulf War he sought to takelegal action over two televisionprogrammes on the war which heclaimed were one-sided.

William Philip Sidney won theVC at Anzio in 1944 where, as amajor in the Grenadier Guards, heconfronted the Germans at point-blank range with his tommy-gunand drove them out after they hadpenetrated his post. The positionwas vital to a beachhead against adetermined German counter-attack that threatened to push theAllies back to the sea. The Ger-mans counter-attacked again and agrenade hit Sidney in the face.

Singlehanded and badly wounded,he held off his attackers until rein-forcements arrived. He then left tohave his wounds dressed, but thenthe Germans launched anotherassault. Sidney rushed back to hispost and continued to fight foranother hour until the position wassecured.

Created a Viscount in 1956, heobtained much pleasure lookingafter the garden of his ancestralhome, Penshurst Place, near Ton-bridge, Kent and not far fromChartwell. He was chairman ofPhoenix Assurance and the Chur-chill Memorial Trust.

Educated at Eton and MagdaleneCollege, Cambridge, he rose tobecome the senior Knight of theGarter, Conservative MP for Chel-sea, Secretary of State for Air andthe last Englishman to be Governor-General of Australia (during thepremiership of Robert Menzies).He was only the second man inhistory (after Lord Roberts) to placethe letters KG in second place afterhis name: for the Victoria Crosstakes precedence over the oldestOrder of Chivalry in Europe.

— AMTTROY

"World Crisis" & Bourke CockranINDIANAPOLIS, IND., APRIL — Latvianauthor Algis Valiunas has writtenthe best appreciation of Churchill'smonumental World War I memoir,The World Crisis, we have everread. "To read The World Crisis isto begin to understand how thecrisis in political thought that thewar brought on ought to have beenresolved; to see a compassionateand sorrowing soul regard withoutflinching the greatest catastropheof human devising; to study a com-posed and resolute intelligence asit resists the nihilistic desperationand Utopian fantasy that the car-nage has begotten; to hear a ma-jestic voice, ringing with admira-tion, piercing in anger, hushedwith grief and pity, speak thosewords which alone preserve deadand survivors alike from the ashenwastes of the meaningless andunspeakable." Finest Hour doesnot ordinarily reprint recent ar-ticles, but this one is so singularthat we have applied for permis-sion to do so; readers who wish a

continued overleaf.

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copy now should send a largestamped self-addressed envelope tothe editor (no stamps required forreaders outside USA).

* * *COOPERSTOWN, NY, USA, APRIL 1990 - Weare tardy in advising that the NewYork State Historical Society pub-lished a notable piece by James H.Andrews of ICS/USA about BourkeCockran, who befriended youngChurchill during his youthfulvisits to New York and whomChurchill always credited withhaving the greatest influence overhis oratorical style ("WinstonChurchill's Tammany Hall Men-tor/' Vol 71, No. 2, April 1990).This is a significant and needed ar-ticle about Churchill's earliest im-portant American connection.Readers may obtain copies by send-ing $5.25 (US) to NUSHA, POBox 800, Cooperstown NY 13326USA.

We Hear You, AlexanderWASHINGTON, FEBRUARY 3RD — M a r x i s tcolumnist Alexander Cockburnwrote today that "Iraq learnedpoison gas from Churchill." Dig-ging into the official biography,Cockburn discovered that Chur-chill authorized the use of chemi-cal weapons in Iraq (Mesopotamia)in 1920, when the British Armywas attempting to restore order."Churchill, desperate to revive hisown unstable political fortunes,was eager to secure British domina-tion of the Iraqi oil fields." Etc.,etc., etc.

We don't expect evenhandednessfrom Alexander Cockburn, so let itbe said for the record: (1) Churchillwas talking about mustard gas,which was, as he called it (and Gulfmilitary commanders also call it),more an "inconvenience" than aserious weapon of mass destruc-tion. This was certainly not thechemical weapon the Gulf com-manders were worried about. (2)Two years later yes, four yearsearlier yes — but Churchi l l ' spolitical fortunes did not needreviving in 1920. (3) The Anglo-Persian Oil Company and BritisharrangementswithKuwait (Indepen-dent since c. 1790) were the mainsource of Britain's oil in thosedays, and demand for it wasn't ex-actly running rampant. To insistotherwise is simply to judge the

economic realities of 1920 by thoseof today.

Four months and a war havingtranspired since Cockburn's gaffes,it is perhaps a little unfair of us toquote him now — but fairness wasnever one of Alex's characteristics,so: On February 3rd he wrote thatwe had "firmed Saddam's standingand united the peoples of NorthAfrica, the Arab world, the Indiansubcontinent, Malaysia and Indo-nesia in admiration of Saddam[and] debased any claims that theUnited Nations might ever havehad to be a supranational body."This, he said, followed "exactlythe plans of Churchill for Iraq inthe waning moments of British im-perialism."

To paraphrase Churchill, ' 'I havenever made as bad a misstatementas that ." -RML

New England ChapterHOPKINTON, NH, USA JUNE 8TH — F a s treviving under the direction ofCyril and Harriet Mazansky, theNew England Chapter held its firstpub lunch since 1987 at the co-lonial home of Barbara and RichardLangworth. Over 50 people attend-ed, including International Coun-cil chairman Celwyn Ball and wifePat from Moncton, New Bruns-

wick; and ICS/USA Vice-PresidentMerry Alberigi and husband Glenfrom Novato, California. Theysampled a variety of English ales(and new American ales that mea-sure up to the standard), manufac-tured ploughman's lunches fromcrusty bread, English cheeses,pickled onions on the banks of theadjacent Contoocook River, re-named "The River Chart" for theday. David Druckman's video ofthe 1989 International ChurchillTour to France and England wasshown and a book collectingseminar was held on the works ofChurchill. Richard explained howto identify first editions anddistinguish volumes of The SecondWorld War as to first, trade andbook club editions.

The next New England event willbe a black tie dinner in honor of SirWinston's 117th birthday, at theBoston Harbor Hotel in Boston onSaturday 16 November. Our speakerwill be Martin Gilbert, who willrepeat his engagement last Marchwith ICS/UK in London by dis-cussing his latest book, Churchill:A Life (New York:-Henry Holt) andChurchills activities 50 years ago.For information contact Dr. CyrilMazansky, 50 Dolphin Rd, NewtonCentre MA 02159. •

New EnglandChapter publunch was hostedby Barbara andRichard Lang-worth at PutneyHouse (1775) inHopkinton, NH(above left). CyrilMazansky, thatcigarette card-collecting radiol-ogist, spoke onfuture events(above). WinstonRoulier (below)displayed Germanpropaganda.

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COVER STORY

The SalisburyPainting Replica

BY NORMAN SHAIFER

NEARLY two years ago, TheBritish National Trust Col-

lection found they were selling outof the limited edition Churchillwriting desk replicas [Finest Houi68, page 8; at this writing one ortwo remain). Consideration wasgiven to another Churchill-relatedproduct, and since many peoplehad expressed interest in the strik-ing Frank Salisbury portrait(which, like the desk, is in theChartwell library), permission wassought from the National Trust,Chartwell's owner, to allow oilreplicas. Permission was grantedafter consultation with LadySoames, who graciously approvedthe project.

Special attention had to be paidto copyrights in the portrait. Theoriginal oil was commissioned bythe Devonshire Club of Londonand given to Churchill as a gift.The BNTC contacted the Devon-shire Club to determine what theirrecords revealed. After 1942, theDevonshire Club merged into theEast India Club, whose recordswere also reviewed.

According to English law prevail-ing in 1942, a painting copyright isusually owned by the person(s)commissioning it. However, thiscopyright could be conveyed toanother owner through a writtendocument. Having given the paint-ing to Churchill, the DevonshireClub sought his permission to haveanother painting made for displayin the club. Correspondence withWSC shows that this permissionwas granted, while the paintinggiven Churchill remained his prop-erty until his death. It was thenacquired by the Inland Revenue inlieu of death duty. Sometimethereafter, it became the propertyof the National Trust.

After this complicated historywas determined, the creation of alimited number of hand-painted

replicas was undertaken. The firstcopy, displayed at the ICS LeeRemick dinner in Long Beach onMay 4th, testifies to the gloriousquality of this dynamic portrait. Inaddition to the National Trust, theWinston Churchill ScholarshipTrust will benefit from the sale ofeach painting. Fuitheimoie, ICSwill benefit fiom the sale of anypaintings to those who oideithrough this article.

Each Salisbury portrait will bescrupulously captured on canvasby a world-class artisan who willmatch the original, brush strokefor brush stroke. The color, in rich,deep oils, is perfectly faithful. Thedetail is striking. The canvas willbe stretched and installed in aframe carefully reproduced fromthe original to show the painting toits best advantage. Dimensions are24x30" unframed and 32x38"framed.

Two Styles AvailableThe Salisbury portrait is being

prepared in two formats. The first

is described above, and will cost$1575 framed or $975 unframed.(The editor, who has seen the firstcopy, recommends the frame,which is a brilliant replica.)Embedded into each replica is theword "COPY," which can only beseen in the right light at a certainangle; however, it underlines theintegrity of the reproduction.]

Still in the planning stages is aless expensive 24x30" portraitreproduced from a colorphotograph of the original by aspecial process. This paintingphoto has been mounted on canvasand placed in the replica frame.There may also be a scaled-downversion of this photograph-paintingmeasuring 20x24".

How to OrderFriends of the Society in the

United States, Canada, UK andAustralia may order by payingeither the full price in US dollars($1575 framed, $975 unframed) ora $300 deposit, by cheque or credit

continued overleaf. . .

Exclusively from the BRITISH NATIONAL TRUST COLLECTION™

THIS POWERFUL PORTRAIT OFSIR WINSTON CHURCHILL

CAN BE YOURS.Quite right...an

exquisitely hand-pamted replica of theprized portrait thatcontinues to hang inthe Churchill Library atChartwell can nowinspire you in yourown home.

The firm resolve andindomitable will ofthis great man has beenfaithfully captured inuncompromising detail.His remarkable courage,his clarity of vision,and his fierce spirit canmost assuredly besensed. It is a bold,visually-inspiringstatement that gives theowner a continuous

C A L L O R W R I T E

British National Trust Collection77 B Main Street, Tappan, NY 10983D YES! Please send me your FREE literature

with full details and a color print of theauthorized Chartwell Library portrait ofSir Winston Churchill.Or Call Toll Free (800) 631-1362.

sense of history andheritage. Certainly it isa handsome additionto any home or office.D Beautifully Recreated

Handpainted Oilon Canvas

• Original Frame HasBeen CarefullyRe-created

• Each Portrait Individ-ually Commissionedand Duly Certified

• Available Exclusivelyfrom the BritishNational Trust Col-lection™ by specialpermission of theChurchill Family

• Thirty Day ReturnPrivilege

F R E E D E T A I L S

Address .

City

State

Telephone # _

Finest Hour 71/11

card. For those outside USA, yourVisa or Mastercard is most conve-nient. If you choose the depositmethod, you may pay the balanceover your choice of six or 12months after delivery.

Orders should be sent to TheBritish National Trust Collection,Dept ICS, 77 Main Street, Tappan,NY 10983. If you have any ques-tions or wish information on theless expensive versions, please con-tact Mr. Norman Shaifer at theabove address, or telephone (toll-free in USA) to (800) 631-1362. Mr.Shaifer is a Friend of the Societywho has attended several of itsfunctions, and was responsible formaking ICS a beneficiary of thisproject. Be sure to mention ICS asthis is the only way your Societywill benefit from the sale.

Paintings will be commissionedin the order received; completiontime may be 90 to 120 days. Youmay view the painting in yourhome or office for up to 30 days

The original Salisbury continues to hang in the library at Chartwell, where the originalpartners desk, also recently replicated by the B.N.T.A., is likewise located.

and, if in any way dissatisfied,return it in the original packing fora full refund.

All funds realized from this pro-

ject will be earmarked for ICSspecial publications and your namewill be recorded on same as one oftheir sponsors. •

I.C.S. U.S. 1991 Conference:November 2nd-5th

Churchill's Virginia:Richmond, Williamsburg, Civil War Battlefields

BY RICHARD H. KNIGHT, JR.

The International Churchill Society USA Conference willbe held from Friday, November 1st through Tuesday,November 5th, in "world-famous" Virginia. All ICS af-filiates and the worldwide membership are cordially invited.Invitations are going out shortly to all ICS people in NorthAmerica. Any others who wish registration forms shouldwrite the Nashville Chapter (Directory, p.3).

Sir Winston visited Richmond in 1929. His essay, "OldBattlefields of Virginia," opens with these words: "It takesonly a few hours by train or motor to go from Washington toRichmond, but we breathe a different air. It is another coun-try. . . . We have crossed the mysterious boundary whichseparates the present from the past . . . We are in the rebelcapital."

During Sir Winston's visit, he toured the great battlefields:The Seven Days', Cold Harbor, Fredericksburg, Chancellors-ville, The Wilderness, etc. He was accompanied by DouglasSouthall Freeman, Pulitzer Prize author of R.E. Lee andLee's Lieutenants. The American Civil War made a profoundimpression on Churchill.

Sir Winston returned to Richmond, in 1946. There, he ad-dressed the Virginia Legislature only a few days followingthe "iron curtain" speech in Fulton. During this visit, hetoured Virginia's restored colonial capital, Williamsburg. (In1954, the Williamsburg Foundation awarded Sir Winston thefirst Williamsburg Bell. No other Bell has yet been presented.)

The first three days of the conference (Friday through Sun-day) will be held in Richmond at "The Jefferson-Sheraton,"a National Trust and Mobil four-star Hotel, which was en-tirely remodeled in 1986. It is a grand (yet small) hotel, ex-hibiting some of the best features of The Adolphus and TheStanford Court (which are familiar to veterans of earlier ICSmeetings). The final two days (Monday through Tuesday) ofthe conference will be held in Williamsburg at "TheWilliamsburg Lodge," which is situated in the heart of therestored colonial capital of Virginia. Friends of the Societymay attend the segment of their choice or both segments ofthe conference.

The theme of the conference is "Churchill's Virginia."The conference will open late Friday afternoon with a

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STOP PRESS: GILBERT TO SPEAK NOV. 3RD

Honorary member Martin Gilbert will make his first ad-dress to an International Conference in Richmond onSunday 3 November, discussing his new book and, ten-tatively, Churchill's Virginian visits in 1946.

Superb Lobby of the Jefferson Sheraton, Richmond

cocktail reception at the Virginia Historical Society (the"Battle Abbey"). Members will be given a private tour.Saturday will be devoted to Sir Winston's interest in theAmerican Civil War. In the morning, we will hear from Col-onel Joseph Mitchell, a professional historian and graduateof the United States Military Academy, who will critiqueChurchill's analysis of the Civil War and describe his own1929 tour of the Virginia battlefields. Professor Jim Mullerof the University of Alaska will speak on the influence ofGeneral Lee and President Lincoln on the life and thought ofSir Winston. Those who attended the 1990 conference willrecall that the Lady Soames identified General Lee and Presi-dent Lincoln as two of the five most influential historicalfigures in the life of her father.

Former United States Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr., ofVirginia will speak to the Society at the Saturday eveningbanquet. Senator Byrd's parents, Governor and Mrs. Byrd,hosted Sir Winston in the Governor's Mansion during the1929 visit. At the time, Senator Byrd was a young man of 14or 15, and his recollections of the visit are both vivid andhumorous. Senator Byrd will also recall his visit to SirWinston's offices during the second premiership. He will beintroduced by former Virginia Governor Mills Godwin, Jr.Prior to the banquet Saturday evening, the Virginia MilitaryInstitute glee club is scheduled to perform a medley of WorldWar I and World War II hits and one or two of Sir Winston'sfavorite hymns.

Sunday morning, Ward Chamberlin, an ICS member andVice Chairman of Washington, D.C.'s public televisionchannel, which co-produced the acclaimed PBS series on theCivil War, will speak on his experience during World War JJ

as an American officer in the British Army. David Mc-Cullough, a prize-winning author and noted political scien-tist, will discuss the Truman/Churchill relationship. At themoment, Mr. McCullough is completing a biography ofPresident Truman.

Sunday evening's speaker has just now been confirmed asMartin Gilbert, the official biographer, who will also signcopies of his brilliant new one-volume biography, Churchill:A Life, Sunday the 3rd.

The conference moves on to Williamsburg, on Monday.That evening, members will have the opportunity to enjoydinner as a group at one of the nearby restored colonialtaverns. On Tuesday evening, the College of William andMary and Mrs. Wendy Reves will host a cocktail receptionfor members at the Reves Center for International Studies,followed by a dinner in the Sir Christopher Wren Building,one of the architectural wonders of the colonial period. TheReves Center is named for Emery and Wendy Reves, andmany of our members will recall that Mrs. Reves was one ofour guests in 1987 at the Dallas conference.

Adequate time has been built into the program to allow fortouring. Tours of Richmond have been scheduled. Self-guided tours in Williamsburg are most appropriate. Severalsites in Richmond are highly recommended. Among them arethe local battlefields (including the Seven Days' campaignof 1862), the Museum of the Confederacy, the White Houseof the Confederacy, the Battle Abbey, the ValentineMuseum, Monument Avenue (with its enormous bronzestatues), and Hollywood Cemetery, final resting place for18,000 unknown confederates, Generals Fitzhugh Lee,George Pickett, "Jeb" Stuart, and Presidents John Tyler,James Monroe, and Jefferson Davis, and many other histori-cal figures. There is also St. John's Church (where, in 1775,Patrick Henry delivered his "Give me liberty, or give medeath!" oration).

At my request, my employer, Hospital Corporation ofAmerica, has designated the conference an "HCA con-ference." This designation permits Friends of the Society tofly on any of the major airline carriers that presently serviceRichmond at rates that have been negotiated by HCA. Accord-ingly, you are not restricted to one airline. Those unfamiliarwith Richmond will find that it is quite accessible. It is servedprimarily by Delta, U.S. Air, and American Airlines. Forthose requiring flight reservations, I suggest that they im-mediately contact Connie Rogers or Gay Sandall at TravelUnlimited of Nashville (1-800-251-2561, Ext. 2868) to maketheir flight reservations. Conference saver fares have beensecured, representing a savings of up to 45% off of coachfares or 5% off of the lowest applicable fare. Seats arelimited, so I would ask that you act at once. Please havea credit card available when calling. Tickets will thenbe mailed.

I wish to thank those who have supported the initial phaseof this undertaking. Their contributions shall be morespecifically noted at a later date. I wish to urge those who arein a position to do so to consider sponsoring this conference.Sponsorships are available at $100 (U.S.) per family, and allsponsors will be recognized in a suitable fashion in the con-ference program. In addition, corporate sponsorships areeagerly solicited. If you are affiliated with or employed bycorporations, please consider a corporate sponsorship in cashor in kind. For details on sponsorships please contact me.c/othe Nashville Chapter (p.3). 0

Finest Hour 71/13

"A Kind of Gestapo"Reflections During the Search for a Homefor ICS/USA and a Center for Churchill StudiesBY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

W HAT we want to accomplish in memory of SirWinston is well known: a Center for Churchill

Studies in the United States. What is that, and what will itdo? It is a physical entity which will foster interest in andunderstanding of the philosophy, words and deeds ofWinston S. Churchill. It must preserve, and make morewidely available, the evidence about those words and deeds;it must foster intelligent, honest and high-minded researchand analysis of that evidence; it must publish, cause to bepublished, and promote the teaching of, the best of thisresearch and analysis.

Our specific goals fall into four categories:1. A home of record and rallying point for ICS United

States, with modest space for an office and meetings.2. A standard library of Churchill's works, and works

about him — far more comprehensive than any similarlibrary in the nation today.

3. The fostering of new research involving Churchill, andinternational relationships among the English-SpeakingPeoples.

4. The imparting of that research to posterity throughpublishing and teaching. Among the specific publications: a.new Churchill Bibliography and a CD-Rom Concordance ofall Churchill's written and spoken words, allowing instan-taneous accessing of everything he wrote and said on anysubject — a priceless boon to students and reseachers.

The archives should be largely electronically maintained.We have already discussed that with experts and determinedhow to do it. It is a labor of love, and it must be done bypeople who have the historical and technical competence —and the devotion — to do the work well.

The Center should promote research into key aspects ofChurchill's career, especially as they bear upon enduringquestions of principle and policy. We have many ideas abouthow this part of the work could be pushed forward, and asuperb assortment of people within ICS who can contributetheir ideas and skills.

Finally, the Center should promote publications, con-ferences and teaching that will help to make known whatChurchill did, what he said, and what he was.

We propose to raise the necessary capital ($3-6 million)permanently to endow the Center; and to fill its library fromprivate bequests, some of which we have already received,catalogued and stored.

One can see that this would be a broad range of activity,but nonetheless coherent and clear. Every part of it is useful.Every part of it would do good.

What ICS OffersThe International Churchill Society in the United States

consists of 1500 people from all walks of life who aredevoted to the study of Churchill and to preserving hismemory. While we are not sycophants, we believe his recordis overwhelmingly positive. The Society has for over 20

years engaged in projects of research and publication un-matched in their areas by any other organization or institu-tion and exceeded in scope only by the work of the officialbiographer. We have published books, articles, academicpapers, speeches and oral symposia, checklists and sourceguides on such subjects as political science, history,bibliography, philately and Churchill's personal life.

The Churchill Insitute (formerly the Churchill Foundation)was founded by ICS/USA honorary member James C.Humes as a vehicle to accomplish similar goals. The WinstonChurchill Association, founded by Dr. Harry V. Jaffa, sup-ports the work of scholars such as Martin Gilbert, andpublication of books that emphasize Churchill's contribu-tions and defend his record from the predations of misguidedrevisionists.

ICS is connected through its members with the finestprivate Churchill libraries in the world. We have alreadyreceived bequests of books and letters, and have the potentialof securing for the Center virtually every major edition writ-ten by or about or contributed to by Winston Churchill. Wehave only to guarantee a safe home for this archive to startthe flow.

University RelationsThe specific question we now face is the structure of our

proposal. More specifically, the question arises, should it ormust it be affiliated with a particular university?

The advantages of such an affiliation are plain to see. If theuniversity is prestigious, the Center will share in thatprestige. Universities tend to last a long time; therefore, theCenter might also last a long time. Moreover, it may beeasier to attract benefactors to the Center if they are giving toa famous college. And of course universities, at least tradi-tionally, do the very work that must be done by a Center forChurchill Studies.

These advantages are clear enough. I want to raise thedisadvantages, which are easier to miss, but nonethelessgrave.

To us there are two, equally important, reasons to studyChurchill. The first is acceptable to everyone: his involve-ment with 20th century history was crucial, and remainshighly relevant to presentday international affairs. The sec-ond reason has to do with Churchill's philosophy ofstatesmanship — which is, however, far more controversial.The plain fact is that the vast majority of modern academicsdon't like Churchill, and dismiss him from consideration, letalone study. He held different views than they hold. Hestands for different principles than they. He upheld a regime,a way of life, that is contrary to all that they (I speak of thegreat majority of them) believe.

Churchill was, for example, a defender of the family as itis traditionally understood. He believed that governmentshould foster independence of spirit. He believed this re-quires that people own property, with little hindrance and

Finest Hour 71/14

light taxation, and remain responsible for their own well-being: that money must be allowed to "fructify in the pocketsof people."

Churchill believed Western Civilization a force for good.He believed that the traditions of Britain and America and theEnglish-Speaking Peoples, rightly understood, reflectedtruths of unchanging vitality and application — application toall persons and all times. He thought socialism andbureaucracy — a far milder version of the latter than is cur-rently the rule — incompatible with human liberty and evenwith the survival of nations. He believed that certain codes ofmorality find sanction in a permanent law, not made bymankind. A violation of this law is, he believed, alwayswrong. Virtue, not creativity, was his touchstone.

Now this is not, I am sorry to say, the consensus amongmodern liberal arts faculties. We live in an age of culturalrelativism, when much of Churchill's bedrock principles arederided as arcane or racist. In the 1945 election Churchill gotinto trouble talking about a "kind of Gestapo." I am afraidthere is today a "kind of Gestapo" that not only denies theforce and truth of Churchill's philosophy but mitigatesagainst its even being discussed. Indeed I doubt that we couldfind a liberal arts campus today where a speaker would bewelcomed for a speech like Churchill gave at Harvard in1943, Fulton in 1946 or M.I.T. in 1949 — those clarion callsthat still sound so relevant to us today.

*You may think I exaggerate. Study, then, the principles of

multi-culturalism. Examine the meaning of critical legalstudies, or deconstructionism. Or read, if you will, a shortbook by C.S. Lewis — a Churchill contemporary — calledThe Abolition of Man, where these views are exhibited intheir dark significance. Or attend the words of Churchillhimself:

The worst difficulties from which we suffer donot come from without. They come from within . . .They come from a peculiar type of brainy peoplealways found in our country, who, if they add some-thing to its culture, take much from its strength.

Our difficulties come from the mood of unwar-rantable self-abasement into which we have beencast by a powerful section of our own intellectuals.They come from the acceptance of defeatist doc-trines by a large proportion of our politicians.But what have they to offer but a vague interna-tionalism, a squalid materialism, and the promiseof impossible Utopias?

If we lose faith in ourselves, in our capacity toguide and govern, if we lose our will to live, thenindeed our story is told. If, while on all sidesforeign nations are every day asserting a more ag-gressive and militant nationalism by arms and trade,we remain paralyzed by our own theoretical doc-trines or plunged into the stupour of after-warexhaustion, then indeed all that the croakers pre-dict will come true, and our ruin will be swift andfinal.

It is hard to believe that Churchill said those words nearly 60years ago, broadcasting over the BBC on St. George's Day,23 April 1933.

The author is serving as president oflCS United States forthe period 1991-1994, and is editor of Finest Hour.

' 'The vast majority of modern

academics don't like Churchill . . .

he held different views than they

hold. He stands for different

principles than they, which are

contrary to all that they believe."

What has all this to do with our Center for ChurchillStudies? Everything. The fact seems inescapable that a verylarge proportion of our intellectuals not only disbelieveChurchill, but refuse even to understand him.

To cite an outstanding example, consider the abridgementof Marlborough by Henry Steele Commager (Scribners, ICSA40h, 1968 et seq.) Now H.S. Commager is nothing if nota Class A historian. Yet he concluded, he tells us, thatbecause Churchill was primarily a man of war, the most im-portant parts of Marlborough are the war accounts. So heremoves the portions dealing with Marlborough's statesman-ship: which anyone who has read the Companion Volumes ofthe official biography will know was what Churchill con-sidered most important! Obviously Dr. Commager did notbegin to understand Churchill. He is hardly alone.

A Churchill Symposium, recently held at a distinguishedAmerican university, convened a number of very highlythought-of historians, few of whom think highly of Chur-chill. One of these, who has edited an important work onChurchill's correspondence, told me what he thought on thetelephone. I could not have asked for a more unstudied opin-ion had I asked a hermit on a mountaintop.

Another participant has compiled a volume of Churchill'sspeeches, interspersed with his own waspish reviews ofthem: "ultimately ineffective, implausibly pessimistic andapocalyptically gloomy . . . the speeches of a man complete-ly self-absorbed and egotistically uninterested in the opinionsof anyone else . . . Considering that [Churchill] never builtup a regional power base in the country or a personal follow-ing at Westminster, that he changed his party allegiancetwice, that his judgment was often faulty, that his ad-ministrative talents were uneven, and that his understandingof ordinary people was minimal, it is arguable that oratorywas, in fact, his only real instrument."

I am not going to dignify that with the obvious rebuttals.But I cannot forbear to add that the official biographer ofChurchill (who is unremittingly positive) was not originallyasked to attend this Symposium.

This is what I mean by "a kind of Gestapo" whereWinston Churchill is concerned. They simply do not sym-pathize with, and in some cases do not even understand, hisviews. Each of his positions is cast into profound doubt, or isrepudiated by them with condescension and scorn.

That is the sort of nonsense up with which we must not put.What these modernday subverters of the truth miss — whichwould astound them if they knew — is that Churchill washimself an intellectual: the greatest, perhaps, to hold publicoffice this century.

Finest Hour 71/15

' 'If we succeed we will have created

something in which we can take

pride until we die — something we

can look at and say, "We did that."

Professor Lindemann, wrote R.F. Harrod in our last issue,respected one quality above all in Churchill: his intellect. Ipublished that excerpt from Harrod's 1959 book because itseemed to me that he could almost be writing our "positionpaper" for what we want the Center for Churchill Studies tobe. Hear Mr. Harrod once more:

"Churchill's works are insufficiently studied for the pro-found political philsophy they contain. At the universities,where the young are supposed to be trained to think onpolitical principles, one finds very second-rate writersrecommended for study. How many undergraduates couldpass an examination on the thought of Churchill, which is ofsuch far greater value?" How many indeed.

For Churchill, his principles were not expressions of whathe happened to prefer, given the class and the era that herepresented. He was a statesman. He passed his life in com-bat, supporting causes — these causes — that he thoughtright; and he staked everything he had, and nearly everythingBritain had, upon them. To honor him, and at the same timeto abandon those causes, is to pay him no honor at all. Tosupport those causes, as they are personified in him and hiswork, is noble, demanding, and honoring of him.

A Time For Caution & ReflectionAs we in ICS/USA work toward the founding of a Center

for Churchill Studies, we must exercise extreme caution inthe development of our relations with any college or univer-sity. Aside from such workaday considerations as floor spaceand whether rare books will be properly cared for and notdefaced by librarians, there is a key question to pose beforeany faculty considering our ideas: will the inherent conflict inviews between Churchill and the present intellectualestablishment run the risk that our capital will be expended inthe defamation of Churchill, except when he is ignoredaltogether?

If we make a judgment that Churchill is worthy of honor;that the causes he supported are high; that the principles helaid down are worthy of an objective examination, then wewould do well to exercise caution. Caution is not urged withrespect to academic standards in the work of the Center, butwith respect to academics with one-track minds. The work ofthe Center should meet rigorous standards of objectivity —we do not want an institute of sycophancy. If Sir Winston'striumphs were great, his failures were on an equally grandscale. The point is that the triumphs far outnumbered thefailures.

The Center must employ people, and be guided by thejudgments of people, who are trained and practiced inacademic standards. If, however, it simply consigns the jobof choosing those people, and making those judgments, tothe typical major university, then the choices will not likelybe good. The pursuit of the truth, especially about the highest

things, is never easy. Today it is unusually difficult, becausethose who are charged with the job have largely given up onits importance.

Where Do We Go From Here?Caution can be exercised in one of two ways: either in the

making of a good arrangement with the host university, or inthe establishment of an independent center. If we do theformer, then we must insist on a strong voice in all the ac-tivities of the Center. We must ask therefore for the superiorvoice in selection of personnel and in the undertaking of pro-jects. This will not be easy to achieve. Nonetheless it con-stitutes the minimum conditions acceptable.

If on the other hand an independent entity is to be built, thejob is easier. If money is available to endow a major programat a university — with all its notorious overhead and with allits ability to appropriate funds creatively — then surely theresources are ample actually to do the work. If we need abuilding, we might buy, lease or build one. If we wish to beat a university, we may seek to lease space. A fine example isthe George C. Marshall Foundation, housed in its own build-ing adjacent to Virginia Military Institute and Washington &Lee University in Lexington, Virginia — an intrinsic part ofthe university scene, but carrying on its own agenda, with itsown separate funding, trustees and directors.

If we want to sponsor research, we may then announce aprogram of competitive grants and prizes. If we want tosponsor teaching, then we may award visiting professorshipsto individuals and universities who apply on annual basis,and we can evaluate their plans and progress.

An independent institute could establish ongoing relationswith a variety of institutions, say two or three. ICS would bean equal partner in each of those relations, and the only part-ner of all of them.

On the question of maintaining an archive, I believe weknow what to do. Gone are the days when large buildings arenecessary. Even microfilm is being superseded. We cancreate an electronic archive. We can make it available toanyone who cares to visit one of several locations where itmay be housed. We can sell it cheaply to anyone who wantshis own copy. We can provide access to it over the telephoneto anyone who wants to search, from time to time, withouttraveling. That archive will in fact be the heart of our con-tribution to the basic job of remembering and understandingChurchill, and the statesmanship he represents.

In other words, we have the institutions and the equipmentto do most of what we want to do. We can make thosealliances continuing or temporary as we wish. We canachieve a greater safety if we remain powerful and active inrunning the Center, not merely in causing its birth.

It will, on the other hand, be more troublesome to do itthat way. Yet "what is life for, but to fight and struggle innoble causes?" If we succeed we will have createdsomething in which we may take pride until we die —something we can look upon and say: "We did that." #

In constructing this essay I have had considerable adviceand input from a member of the academy who is positivelynot among the types I describe, and whose judgment I greatlyrespect.

Any reader who would like to comment, amplify or criticizethe foregoing, or offer his or her specific expertise in anyarea, is cordially invited to do so, in care of the editor.

Finest Hour 71/16

POEMS CHURCHILL LOVED

a

i

I V you can keep your head when all about youAre losing theirs and blaming it on you;

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,But make allowance for their doubting too:

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,

Or being hated, don't give way to hating,And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim.

If you can meet with Triumph and DisasterAnd treat these two imposters just the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you've spokenTwisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

Or watch the tilings you gave your life to, broken.And stoop ami build 'em up with worn-out tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winningsAnd risk it on one turn of pitch-anditoss,

Ami lose, and start again at your beginningsAnd never breathea word about your loss:

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinewTo serve your turn long after they are gone,

And so hold on when there is nothing in youExcept: the Will which says to them "Hold on!":

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,And walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,If all men count with you, but none too much:

If you can fill the unforgiving minuteWith sixty seconds' worth of distance run,

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,And—which is more—you'll be a Man, my son!

Finest Hour 71/17

BY JOHN G. PLIMPTON

George Temple: A Tribute ^f|Canada's English-Speaking Union

On Saturday, 27 April 1991, members of the Inter-national Churchill Society of Canada joined familyand friends at a memorial service for George Temple.

American by birth to British parents who eventuallyreturned to England, George spent the last thirty yearsof his life in Canada. To use Churchill's phrase, hewas himself an English-Speaking Union. Learning thecraft of chemist at night school, George was assignedto the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in Iran. Duringthe Second World War, surrounded by German andSoviet troops, George's only link with home andfreedom was the voice of The Last Lion, on the BBCvia shortwave radio.

George devoted the rest of his life to the study of thelife and career of Winston Churchill, and to the end ofhis days was moved while listening to recordings ofthose defiant and inspiring speeches he had heard solong ago. George also admired the creative artist in hishero. Like Churchill, George was a builder, includinghis house and a sailboat; and, as Churchill painted,George did tapestry and became an accomplishedsilversmith.

While on leave after the war George met his wife,Diana when travelling on a train from Glasgow to FortWilliam, Scotland. Her eye was drawn to a good-looking gentleman in a grey suit with white pinstripesand brown shoes — similar attire of the hero of heryouth, the Duke of Windsor. Sitting together theyeach ordered tea which came in a single pot. Sharingthis tea led to a sharing of lives for the next 43 years.

George and Diana returned to Iran when Georgerose to be Assistant Works Manager of the largest oilrefinery in the world. When the Iranian oil industrywas nationalized in 1951, George and Diana were ex-pelled, but not before they had faced some harrowingand life-threatening experiences.

After returning to England, George used hisAmerican passport to make his way to the UnitedStates. Despite severe currency restrictions, George ac-cumulated American dollars from his tailor who hadgot them from another of his customers, YehudiMenuhin. Later, George, Diana and their threechildren crossed the Atlantic in the bridal suite of theMauritania. They had $12.00 when they steppedashore.

Eventually settling in Canada, George devotedmany leisure hours to commemorating the life ofChurchill. An avid stamp collector, he learned, asso many Churchillians did, of Dal Newfield inSacramento, California. Although he never met Dal

George Temple with the author, New Hampshire, 1987

personally, they spent many hours talking on thetelephone.

George did, however, meet many other students ofChurchill's life. He was a keen supporter of many ac-tivities of the International Churchill Society and heattended every conference from Fulton, Missouri(1982) to San Francisco (1990) plus all four Interna-tional Churchill Tours to date.

George was the most instrumental person inbuilding the International Churchill Society inCanada. He was committed to bringing all Chur-chillians into one organization and it was through hisefforts that the Sir Winston Churchill Society of Van-couver came into partnership with ICS. He developeda close and collegial relationship with members of theSocieties in Calgary and Edmonton. The foundingmeeting of The Other Club of Toronto was held inGeorge's home.

George's efforts were greatly appreciated by theChurchill Societies. In his study he proudly hung apicture of Churchill which was presented to him bythe Vancouver Society. He also proudly displayed theBlenheim Award which he received in 1989 from theInternational Churchill Society for "conspicuous ser-vice in preserving the memory of Sir Winston Chur-chill." The Other Club of Toronto has made a con-tribution in George's name to the Edison Collectionat the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library of theUniversity of Toronto.

George's wife, Diana, and his daughter, JaneDunsmore, remain members and supporters of the In-ternational Churchill Society. They ask that anydonations to commemorate the life of George Templebe made to the International Churchill Society,Canada. 9

Finest Hour 71/18

ACTION THIS DAY EDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON

First and Second Quarter 1891 • Age 16Lady Randolph proudly wrote her

husband that their son had passed thePreliminary Examination for Sandhurstin everything and had been placed in thespecial Sandhurst class.

Although naturally happy with theresults, Winston suffered from a badthroat infection which improved after hevisited a seaside house near Cheveley.After Christmas he experienced severalother health problems. A tooth infectionrequired many visits to a series of den-tists and a strain created a hernia condi-tion which was finally repaired sixtyyears later.

Lord Randolph was visiting SouthAfrica in an elusive search for his ownimproved health. Lady Randolph stayedhome but seldom visited her son whopleaded, "please do do do come."

Winston was "adopted" by a closefriend of his parents, Lady Wilton, whocalled herself "your Deputy Mother."Thoughout this time, the ever reliableElizabeth Everest ("Woom") visitedand wrote him.

First and Second Quarter 1916 • Age 41Although disappointed at not being

given command of a brigade, Churchillsettled in as commander of a battalion,the 6th Royal Scots Fusilers. He blamedAsquith, whom he called a "weak anddisloyal chief.'' Clementine met the As-quiths socially and wrote her husband:"You know what the P.M. is — Heloathes talking about the War or work ofany sort."

Initially Churchill was not popularwith his men and his cavalry trainingdid not prepare him for command of in-fantry, but he learned quickly. He caredfor his troops but neither he nor his menexpected him or his officers to foregotheir own physical pleasures. Amongother suggestions to his officers werethese gems: "Keep a special pair ofboots to sleep in and only get themmuddy in a real emergency and live wellbut do not flaunt it."

In late January he led his troops intobattle near the Belgian town ofPloegsteert, commonly called "PlugStreet." His own bravery in battle wonthe respect of his men.

In March he returned to England andspoke in Parliament. Incredibly, he

demanded that the First Lord of the Ad-miralty recall Lord Fisher to the post ofFirst Sea Lord. His friends and familywere aghast. Worse still, First LordArthur Balfour's response in Parliamentridiculed Churchill. Upon returning toPloegsteert Churchill wrote his wife thathe intended to leave the army as soon aspossible. The war he wanted to fightwas at Westminster.

When his battalion was merged withanother, General Haig offered him com-mand of a brigade, but he still wanted toreturn to London to fight for conscrip-tion. On 7 May, he entertained his of-ficers at a farewell luncheon at Armen-tieres. One later recalled: "I believeevery man in the room felt WinstonChurchill's leaving us a real personalloss."

He returned to England believing thathe actually had a chance of succeedingAsquith. More realistically he thoughtthat Bonar Law or Lloyd George wouldlead a new Government and he mightget the Admiralty again or perhaps theAir Ministry. However, when Lord Kit-chener was killed enroute to northernRussia, Churchill was excluded in theCabinet reorganization.

Although there was still great opposi-tion to him — the Conservatives wouldnot serve with him and even LloydGeorge kept a discreet distance — herefused to lessen his support for the menin the trenches at the front. "The part ofthe army that really counts for endingthe war is this killing, fighting, suffer-ing part.' '

On 1 July, the British army launcheda full-scale attack north of the SommeRiver, despite Churchill's warning thatvictory would not be gained "simply bythrowing in masses of men on thewestern front.''

First and Second Quarter 1941 • Age 66Churchill sent Roosevelt a telegram

of thanks in response to the President's"arsenal of victory" promise, but healso expressed Britain's concern abouther ability to pay for armaments.

In early January, Harry Hopkins ar-rived in Britain. He was the first ofseveral envoys who were making per-sonal assessments of the situation onbehalf of President Roosevelt. Hewould be followed shortly by Wendell

Willkie and Averell Harriman.As Hopkins and Churchill talked of

ways that America could help, theLend-Lease Bill was making its waythrough the American Congress.

In early February, Churchill broad-cast to the British people that supportwas being promised and told theAmerican people: "Give us the toolsand we will finish the job."

Australian Prime Minister RobertMenzies visited and noted that "Chur-chill's course is set. There is not defeatin his heart." This course, which was"to extirpate Hitlerism from Europe,"had yet to face many perils: Rommelhad brought new life to German forcesin Africa; Turkey and Bulgaria sidedwith Germany; the Blitz continued;Germany invaded Yugoslavia andGreece; Operaion Barbarossa began onthe Eastern Front; there was growingevidence of Japanese aggression in theFar East; and shipping losses in the Bat-tle of the Atlantic, "the blackest cloudwhich we had to face," continued.

Nevertheless, Churchill telegraphedto President Roosevelt: "Corinthians II,Chapter 6,Verse 2 . "

First and Second Quarter 1966Lady Spencer-Churchill and other

members of the family were distressedat the publication of Lord Moran's diaryentries about Sir Winston. She refutedLord Moran's claim that her husbandknew and approved of the publication ofMoran's Winston Churchill: The Strug-gle for Survival 1940-1965.

In addition to the private cor-respondence there were many letters toThe Times in which Churchillians likeRandolph Churchill, Jock Colville andAnthony Montague Brown championedClementine's opposition to Moran.

This opposition was based on the fact,as Clementine told her daughter Mary,that ' 'it shows Winston in a completelyfalse light" and her belief that the rela-tionship between a patient and his doc-tor should be one of inviolable trust andconfidence.

Of great pleasure to her was the Na-tional Trust's opening of Chartwell tothe public in June. She would remain inclose contact with Chartwell's ad-ministrators and would visit it severaltimes each year. %

Finest Hour 71/19

Chartwell ChildhoodThirty Years On

Sir Winston's GranddaughterDescribes a Nostalgic Return

to a Magic LandBY THE HON. EMMA SOAMES

ONE OF the truisms of childhood is that the sun wasalways shining and another is that childhood homesrevisited turn out to be of doll's house proportions. I

spent the first eight years of my life at Chartwell Farm, whichnestles in a valley in Kent under my grandparents' more im-posing and infinitely more famous Chartwell.

Last year I went back to retrace the paths of my earlychildhood, to visit what has become an extraordinarilyauthentic — and to me very moving — memorial to WinstonChurchill's life, his marriage, his triumphs, disasters,pleasures and pastimes.

The day was as hot and cloudless as any child could wishand as I drew near to Chartwell memories returned. There inWesterham was the village hall where we used to gather infancy dress to be placed on floats of vaguely imperial themesfor the Whitsun Parade, often watched by my grandparentsand well attended by local people.

I suppose they came to see Sir Winston, but I nearly burstwith pride and excitement as we paraded through the streetssitting on bales of straw and waving banners. There was thechurch we attended every Sunday, much shrunken in sizeand where I just remember my younger sister's christening. Ipassed the common where I first fell off a pony, down the hillthrough a wood (mythically full of badgers and elves) andturned left to Chartwell, a T-junction where I learnt to tell leftfrom right and say it in French.

As children, returning from London in white socks andHayford coats, we always looked up at the flagpole as wepassed Chartwell to see if Grandpapa was home. (HisWarden of the Cinque Ports flag fluttered there when he wasin residence.)

We would drive past the house and take the next left turndown a drive, through pasture inhabited by a particularlyfearsome bull, to disgorge from the family Humber at Chart-well Farm.

The house itself has shrunk almost out of all recognition,the garden has been much redesigned and the farmyard issilent and deserted.

When we lived there it was a Noah's Ark of chickens, pigs,ponies and cattle, agreeably interspersed with barns of hayand towers of straw, a gloomy apple shed and a deliciouslyfilthy pigsty, where my grandfather spent hours leaning overthe metal gate scratching the pigs' backs with his walking

The eldest daughter of Lord and Lady Soames, EmmaSoames is a journalist residing in London.

sticks. "Dogs look up to you, cats look down on you, but pigstreat you as an equal," he used to say.

Childhood memories have played their normal tricks atChartwell Farm, but Chartwell itself has, if anything, grownin magnificence, charm and splendour since we finally left itto live in Sussex in 1959.

The house was bequeathed to the National Trust by agroup of Churchill's friends, who showed the imagination andgenerosity to buy it from my grandfather after the SecondWorld War and give it to the National Trust on condition hecould live in it until his death. As he said before the war:

Finest Hour 71/20

The Chartwell Goldfish Pond, photographed by Douglas Russell. Colour prints with white borders are available, see page 38.

"With my happy family around me, I dwelt at peace withinmy habitation. '

It has proved to be a happy solution. On average, some150,000 people a year have visited the house, the gardensand the studio since it was first opened to the public in 1966.The house has been restored to what it was during the 1930sand the gardens remain almost exactly as I remember themin the Fifties. Not a blade of grass is out of place, the croquetlawn is as flat as an ironing board and the water in the swim-ming pool is still several degrees below freezing.

A LTHOUGH some of the rooms have been rearranged,everything in the house is instantly recognisable,thanks mainly to my grandmother, who left in place all

the furniture, pictures and artifacts that made it their home.There in the hall sits the visitors' book and the walking

stick stand — an object of veneration and the cause of no littletrouble when my elder brother and I were caught fightingwith the sticks and nearly knocked down my grandmother.

Just outside the front door still sit the massive stone urnswe used to swarm over and opposite is one of the many

Finest Hour 71/21

banks we used to roll down when liberated from lengthySunday lunches.

Although now without its bed, I vividly remember mygrandmother's bedroom when my mother and I would paymorning visits. She would be sitting up in bed, her hairbeautifully arranged, the bed a dream of fine linens. Whileshe and my mother talked I ran in and out of her room on toher private, sunny terrace which, like the rest of the house,commands a stunning view over the valley and right acrossthe Weald of Kent.

Of course, I thought all houses had views like that. Indeed Ialso thought that everyone had grandparents like ours.

This was thanks to my parents, who took a conscious deci-sion that, in order not to spoil their children or our relation-ship with out grandparents, they did not fill our small headswith tales of Grandpapa's many achievements. To uschildren they were no more — but certainly no less — thanloving and revered grandparents.

So successful was this ploy that I could never work out whyoutsiders were always asking questions about Grandpapa.Gradually I realised that he was not as other grandparentsbut it wasn't really until his funeral (I was 14 when he died)that I realised just how much he represented to his country,the magnitude of his achievements and the love and respectwhich the whole nation accorded him.

It was a sobering discovery to make so relatively late in life,but it certainly protected the world from the hideously spoiltbrat I would have become had my parents not taken this sen-sible line of defence.

Down the corridor from my grandmother's bedroom is thelibrary, still complete with a relief map of the floating harbourof Port Arromanches, which absolutely fascinated us all.

The drawing-room is largely as I remember it, a sacred,grown-up room where we were discouraged from playingwith the ivory bezique scoring blocks. More amusing was thesecretary's lair, now the National Trust curator's office,where visits to Miss Hamblin — forever Hambone to us —would produce luggage labels and bulldog paperclips.

Just outside Churchill's study at the top of the shiny oakstairs still sits a small, black bronze lion. It was a creaturemuch loved by us. We would stroke it and sit on it whilewaiting to be allowed in to see Grandpapa.

His study was always the heart of the house. Therelevance and fascination of many of the objects in the room,the great events he pondered and the books he wrote therewe knew nothing of. But here we always found Grandpapaand hopefully the ginger cat. The room was always quiet anddark, the smell of cigar smoke hung heavy in the air. It wasnot necessary to be adult to comprehend the atmosphere ofdeep concentration and mental activity that lingers there.

One of the privileges of visiting Grandpapa in his study wasto get his stick and escort him, a grandchild on either side, ashe walked slowly to the dining-room.

Meals were fun. The conversation went largely over ourheads, but the food was always delicious and exquisitely spoil-ing to a child. The puddings were particularly memorable, ourfavourite being a raspberry water ice which had frozen lumpsof real cream concealed inside it.

Toby the budgerigar would be released on to the tablewhere he would remove all the tiny silver trowels from thesalt urns before attacking Grandpapa's cigar. At this point theyoungest grandchild would be dandled on Grandpapa's kneewhile he and my mother smoked large Havanas and indulged

in a competition as to who could grow the longest tail of ash.He was not amused if he didn't win.

The gardens at Chartwell are as pretty now as ever theywere. The planting of the borders religiously adheres to mygrandmother's simple tastes and her dislike of garish mauvesand purples. The lawns are just as beautifully smooth asthey were when we children ran on them, the water stillflows through the intricate water system constructed byGrandpapa and the black swans still squabble furiously.

I retraced my footsteps of 30 years ago down the hill to theswimming pool, which was the focal point of our summers. Inthose days few private houses had swimming pools and Ihave never to this day encountered one quite as grandioseand eccentric as the one my grandfather planned and con-structed largely himself.

It is enormous, vaguely round and unadorned by anythingso garish as a diving board. Fed by water from the well at thetop of the hill, it was always icy cold. We used to play aroundthe bunker which housed an enormous furnace which wassupposed to heat this expanse of water. The boiler wasreputed to be as big as that on a cruise ship, but it was unequalto its task and the effect it had on the water was minimal.

The pool was a source of immense delight and occasionalterror as my grandfather's idea of a shallow end was out ofreach of a childish toe. I had to be rescued several times, onceby my mother who dived in seven months pregnant and fullydressed.

Blue with cold and with teeth chattering we would set offback up the hill following the stream through water gardensand rocky pools overcast by the leaves of gunnera.

We would pass the fishpond where Grandpapa would sitwatching his beloved golden orfe, who would swim to his feetwhen he banged his stick on the paving. They would berewarded with handfuls of live maggots which lived in a boxnext to his seat. To this day it is a magical place.

Before returning to tea of cucumber sandwiches andFuller's chocolate cake we would run through the rosegarden and reel around the Marlborough pavilion, paintedwith battle scenes and home to a highly rewarding echo.

If Grandpapa was not at the goldfish pond we would findhim here on the lawn, gazing for hours at the rolling view.We would sit near him and "hold his paw" while avoidinghis rather old and fractious poodle, Rufus.

With the wisdom of middle age, I now understand why mygrandfather was so enamoured of Chartwell, given itsmagical position, its well-appointed rooms and its thoroughlyenchanted garden. I also sympathise with mygrandmother's reservations about it.

The rhododendrons she hated so much still glower downfrom the bank behind the house and, even in the 1930s, thecosts of such an establishment must have been immense.

This was not helped by my grandfather's feverish opera-tions of building and waterworks, which involved the constantpoaching of her gardeners.

Happily, he was able to spend his peaceful old age at Chart-well and my grandmother grew reconciled to it by the timegrandchildren frolicked there. Happiest of all, Chartwell isimbued with their presence, still haunted by their indomitablespirit and their love for each other. •

Chartwell House, garden and studio open April to end October. Tuesto Thurs 12-5:30; Sat, Sun and bank holiday 11-5:30 (avoid verycrowded Sundays and bank holidays).

Finest Hour 71/22

SUMMER BOOK SECTION

Words About WordsA Guide to Material on Churchill's Writings

BY MANFRED WEIDHORN

A FAMILY VISIT

"IT WAS A GREAT WORK, AND I WISH YOU COULD NOW ADD ANOTHERCHAPTER TO YOUR OWN CAREER."

FREDERICK WOODS'S massive and definitive Biblio-raphy of the Works of Sir Winston Churchill is impres-

sive proof of the scope of the statesman's achievements as awriter. Having written and published some eight millionwords, Churchill was one of the most voluminous of all men.Yet, though Woods includes a long checklist of works con-cerning Churchill, he provides few references to, and nodescription of, analyses and evaluations of this vast body ofwriting which is the subject of his bulky bibliography. Thefollowing, which follows some general reviews in the last in-stallment of ICS's Redburn Bibliography (FH 70), is meantto fill the gap. This list does not include the many reviewswhich appeared in the Times Literary Supplement, AmericanHistorical Review, English Historical Review, et al., at thetime of the publication of each of Churchill's volumes, ex-cept in those few cases in which the review makes a perma-nent contribution to the literature on Churchill's writings.(Please refer to Redburn for details of other editions, par-ticularly English.)

Allen, H.C. Rev. vol. 4 of History of the English-SpeakingPeoples, EHR, 74 (1959), 305-11. Good critique.

Anon. rev. vols. 1 and 2 of the History, TLS, 27 April and30 November 1956, 245-46, 705-06. Useful observations.

Anon., "Winston Churchill, M.P., As a Man of Letters,"

Manfred Weidhorn is professor at Yeshiva University inNew York City, a leading authority on Churchill's writings,and the author of several books and articles on the subject.

The Bookman, July 1908, pp. 133-39. A curio.Ashley, Maurice. Churchill As Historian. New York:

Scribner's 1968, Redburn A250. The most ambitious studyso far, this is useful for personal reminiscences, back-ground information, and human interest material onChurchill as professional writer. But, while carefullyevaluating Churchill's conclusions on key issues in thelight of the findings of professional historians, Ashleyprovides little analysis of the themes in Churchill's worksand no scholarly apparatus.

Barbour, Violet. Rev. vol. 3 of Marlborough, AHR, 43(1938), 376-77. Good on Churchill's obsession with war-making.

Berlin, Isaiah. Mr. Churchill in 1940. London: John Mur-ray, 1949. A review (first appearing in the CornhillMagazine and Atlantic Monthly) of vol. 1 of the SecondWorld War which turns into an excellent discussion of therole of the past in Churchill's outlook and a comparisonand contrast with F.D. Roosevelt.

Brown, Ivor. "CKurchill the Master of Words," ChurchillBy His Contemporaries, ed. Charles Eade. London:Hutchinson, 1953. Pp. 451-61. Interesting brief analysis.

Burckhardt, Carl. "On Reading Churchill's Memoirs "Measure, 1 (1951), 386-90. Negligible.

Cairns, John. "Clio and the Queen's First Minister," SouthAtlantic Quarterly, 52 (1953), 505-20. A good examina-tion of the archaic qualities of Churchill's mind, alonglines to be followed by G.K. Lewis (see below).

Connell, John. Winston Churchill ("Writers and TheirWorks," No. 80). London: Longmans, Green, 1956,Redburn A136. A good survey.

Deakin, F.W. "Churchill the Historian," SchweitzerMonat-shefte, 49 (1969-70). A brief lecture, with a few helpfulobservations, by one who, like Ashley, was a researchassistant of Churchill's.

De Mendelssohn, Peter. The Age of Churchill. London:Thames and Hudson, 1961, Redburn A162. Excellentlywritten and very well documented, this biography, nearlyon a par with R.R. James's (see below), contains, onpp. 102-18, 129-33,264-72,313,433-36, many stimulatingcomments on Churchill's writings.

Graubard, Stephen R. Burke, Disraeli, and Churchill. Cam-bridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961. Pp. 1-16,173-246. Mainly summaries of Churchill's books, withoccasional critical judgment or analysis.

Greenberg, Martin. "Winston Churchill, Tory Democrat,"Partisan Review, 18 (1951), 193-205. Good on vols. 1-3of the Second World War.

Guedalla, Philip. Mr. Churchill. New York: Reynal andHitchcock, 1942, Redburn A35. A biography which con-tains, on pp. 50-54, 67-70, 106-09, 223-24, 249-51, brief

continued overleaf.

Finest Hour 71/23

trenchant and amusing comments on the writings.Hamilton, William B. "Churchill: Actor as Historian,"

South Atlantic Quarterly, 50 (1951), 339-411. Interestingon vols. 1-2 of the Second World War.

Hay, Malcolm. V. Winston Churchill and James II. London:Harding and More, 1934, Redburn A17. Attack onChurchill's hostile portrait of James II in vol. 1 of theMarlborough.

Herbert, A.P. "The Master of Words," Winston SpencerChurchill, ed. Sir James Marchant. London: Cassell,1954, Redburn A120. Pp. 100-15. Fine analysis.

Hollis, Christopher. "Mr. Hay and Mr. Churchill,"Dublin Review, 204 (1939), 370-85. A continuation ofHay's attack.

Howarth, Herbert. "Behind Churchill's Grand Style," Com-mentary, 11 (1951), 549-57. Though somewhat opaque inplaces, this is the best general discussion of Churchill'sstyle and the most forthright expression of the school ofthought which regards Churchill as less historian or stylistthan windbag.

Hurwitz, Samuel J. "Winston S. Churchill," Some ModernHistorians of Britain, ed. Herman Ausubel et al. (NewYork: The Dryden Press, 1951). Pp. 306-24. A goodcritical survey of his works, with mainly negative conclu-sions.

James, Robert Rhodes. Churchill: A Study in Failure 1900-1939. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970, RedburnA272. The most scholarly, balanced, and satisfying assess-ment of the man and the career, this also contains, onpp. 6, 27-29, 307-16, useful observations on the writings.

Joad, C.E.M. "Churchill the Philosopher," Churchill ByHis Contemporaries, ed. Charles Eade. London: Hutchin-son, 1953. Pp. 475-89. Discussion of the uncharacteristicpessimism to be found in some of Churchill's essays of the1930s.

Keynes, J.M. Essays in Biography. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes.New York: Horizon Press, 1951. Pp. 53-67. Two reviews(of 1927 and 1929) of volumes of the World Crisis, withbrief but keen analysis and beautifully worded praise.

Lewis, Gordon K. "Mr. Churchill as Historian," TheHistorian, 20 (August 1958), 387^14. This synopticapproach to the writings is the most searching and acuteanalysis of the limitations of Churchill's sensibility.

Liddell Hart, B.H. "Churchill's Marlborough — Some Run-ning Reflections," English Review, 59 (December 1934),702-09. Interesting critique of vol. 1 by a noted militaryhistorian.

Lodge, Richard. Rev. vol. 1 of Marlborough, EHR, 49(1934), 715-20. Good.

Mackenzie, Sir Compton. "Churchill the Novelist,"Churchill By His Contemporaries, ed. Charles Eade.London: Hutchinson, 1953, Redburn A112. Pp. 67-82.Only a plot resume.

Magee, Bryan, "Churchill's Novel," Encounter, 25(October 1965), 45-51. Excellent analysis of Savrola, avery early book of Churchill's which fails badly as litera-ture but sheds much light on his personality.

Morgenthau, Hans J. "Foreign Policy: The ConservativeSchool," World Politics, 7 (1955), 286-92. Review of vol.6 of the Second World War which vindicates Churchill'spolitical-military outlook.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. "Sir Winston Churchill: Nobel PrizeWinner," Saturday Review, 36 (31 October 1953), 22-23.

Praise from a fellow military historian.Muggeridge, Malcolm. Punch (3 December 1953), p. 704.

Parody of vol. 6 of the Second World War.. "Churchill the Biographer and Historian,"

Churchill By His Contemporaries, ed. Charles Eade.London: Hutchinson, 1953, Redburn A112. Pp. 343-53.Good discussion of Churchill's failings as a writer.

Notestein, Wallace, Rev. vol. 1 of the History, AHR, 62(1956), 93-95. Perceptive.

Paco d'Arcos, J. Churchill the Writer, trans. F.R. Hollidayand P.S. Pernes. London: Caraval, 1957, Redburn A127.A brief survey containing few original ideas.

Plumb, J.H. "Churchill the Historian," The Spectator, 216(24 June 1966), 782-83, and 217 (1 July 1966), 10-11.Mainly material expanded in the next selection.

. "The Historian," Churchill Revised, ed. anon.New York: Dial, 1969, Redburn A265. Pp. 131-69. Oneof the best essays on this subject. Excellent presentation ofthe Whig reading of history which suffuses Churchill'sbooks and speeches. Like Lewis, whose work is here ex-tended, Plumb delineates the unexamined premises andblind spots in Churchill's vision, but, unlike Lewis, Plumbalso assesses individual works and, unlike Ashley, treatsof technical matters of form and content.

Roskill, Captain S.W. "The Writings of Sir WinstonChurchill, A 'Former Naval Person,' " U.S. NavalInstitute Proceedings, 91 (1965), 114-19. Superficialsurvey.

Rowse, A.L. "Sir Winston Churchill As An Historian,"The English Spirit. Rev. ed., New York: Funk and Wag-nail's, 1966. Pp. 78-92. An awed, somewhat chattyevaluation of the Marlborough and the History by ahistorian who, like Samuel Eliot Morison, thinks highlyof Churchill as a colleague.

Somervell, D.C. "Sir Winston Churchill," Nobel PrizeWinners, ed. L.J. Ludovici. London: Arco, 1957. Pp.1-20. A fair survey of the writings, with few originalideas.

Stewart, Herbert Leslie. Sir Winston Churchill As Writer andSpeaker. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1954, RedburnA113. A rambling, sermonizing work which only occa-sionally focuses on its subject.

Webster, Sir Charles. "The Chronicler," Winston SpencerChurchill, ed. Sir James Marchant. London: Cassell,1954. Pp. 116-35. Superficial treatment.

Weidhorn, Manfred. "Churchill the Phrase Forger,"Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58 (April 1972), 161-74.Analysis of the provenance and impact of each of thefamous phrases from the climactic years of Churchill'scareer, 1938-4-2.

Whittemore, Reed. "Churchill and the Limitations ofMyth," Yale Review, 44 (1954-55), 248-63. Excellentcritical analysis of the Second World War as an idio-syncratic expression of Churchill's self-centered outlookand Great Man theory of history; close reading of the text,such as is common in literary criticism but rare in theseitems on Churchill.

The "World Crisis" by Winston Churchill: A Criticism.London: Hutchinson, 1927, Redburn A14. Respectful butextensive attacks on the assumptions, statistics, analyses,and theories in Churchill's version of the campaigns ofWorld War I; written by military men, this is bereft ofliterary analysis. #

Finest Hour 71/24

The Greening of Churchill's CanonProgress Continues on the Preservation Front

BY MATT FOX

NOWADAYS there is great attraction for the color green.Political parties are calling themselves by it; companies are D

stating their adherence to its "tenets"; whole movements arerallying to it. Its non-coloric name is "Preservation."

Normally one thinks of preservation in terms of trees,water, air, beaches and buildings. This one's cleanlinessshould be preserved, that one's purity and this one's astheticvalue. Now I generally agree with those aims and considermyself as green as the next person. Sometimes, such as whenI see some other collector's Mr. Brodrick's Army, I turngreen with envy.

Preservation encompasses many things not immediatelyconjured up by a "green" image. In my case the color browncauses me to think of preservation, for many of my most im-portant works by Churchill are turning that color. I certainlywould like to renew them. With the help of Wally Johnson;John Mattill, editor emeritus of Technology Review, the Har-vard University Library; Ann McGee of the Lithium Divi-sion of FMC Corp. and Dr. Richard Smith of Wei T'oAssoc, I was able to track down a way to "green" WSC'sworks.

You are probably already aware of the problem, which isthe nature of the paper used for low cost editions printed be-tween 1850 and 1950. The paper becomes increasingly acidicand destroys itself from the inside. The only way to over-come this is to deacidify the paper. But having done that, theprocess starts all over again: unless the process leaves ananti-acid residue on the paper to continue the deacidificationas it occurs; or, unless the book is so seldom opened and ex-posed to moisture that the decay process is discouraged.

Thus a person in Arizona might deacidify his or her booksand not really worry about future deterioration. The decayprocess needs moisture and there's very little in the air ofArid-zona. (Which, by the way is how that state got itsname). In Chicago or New York, let alone London, normalair moisture is enough to move the process of destructionalong, unless the book is rarely opened and sits on a shelfcompressed between other books. In that case a simpleneutralizing process might well suffice.

In my search to find a way to save my own collection Ifound three processes that would do the trick. One, offeredby an Illinois company, Wei T'o Assoc, is a long-actingdeacidification process but a do-it-yourself method. A sec-ond, also in Illinois, is a short-acting but inexpensive tech-nique.

The third is a very unique concept from FMC Corporation.This method uses Magnesium Triglycolate, which not onlydeacidifies but also strengthens the paper. The chemical hasmolecular filaments that intertwine with the fibers in thepaper to add strength. It appears to be the only process thatdoes this. As you can understand, FMC has applied for apatent on it.

Matt Fox's library was featured in Finest Hour 49. Hisfirst contribution on this subject was in issue 66.

Ann McGee, FMC Product Manager for the Paper Con-servation division, described the process as the equivalent, inpaper terms, of taking a 100-year-old man and making him60 years old again — then keeping him 60 for 500 years!(The process doesn't work on people; I already asked.) Inreal terms it means that if you have a book damaged by acidrot to the point where the pages may be too fragile to turn,this process will render them flexible again and strongenough to turn.

FMC has tentatively decided to price the process at $15/lb.to avoid having to decide if three pamphlets equal one booketc. For reference, the first English Savrola or the firstEnglish Malakand each weigh about one pound. If you havewatched the way prices of Churchill's works are escalating,even his most common books are worth "greening." This isthe only process which actually renews them.

FMC's new plant can handle several thousand books at atime, but FMC is aiming at large quantities and has submit-ted a bid for a contract with the Library of Congress to do amillion books per year. They haven't figured out how to dosmall quantities. They have also only done pilot studies andhave not yet processed their first book in the new plant.

In our discussions with FMC, they have offered to try tohelp ICS as a group. The minimum number of pounds ofbooks that they will allow has not been set. They are doingthis as an accommodation, since ours is a unique group andthe books are so valuable. They will not handle individualcollections. At this moment we are testing a small group ofbooks to determine if they in fact can rejuvenate fragile ex-amples.

For some collectors the damage hasn't progressed that far.Deacidification with a residual protection lasting only 50years or so may be all you need. This would be where WeiT'o comes in. They are the other extreme from FMC. Theydon't process anything. They only sell the materials andequipment to do it yourself. They sell mainly to librarieswhich use the products for their own collections.

Wei T'o has a "kit" consisting of a spray can. (Two orthree would be needed for a single standard sized 300-pagebook.) One can will do a small volume or severalpamphlets.) The spray is toxic, and must be used out ofdoors. If you want to do several books you would need aspray unit costing some $600 plus the materials in large con-tainers. In short, collectors could use the Wei T'o product,one at a time, as they bought new books, after they had thebulk of their collection done by some other entity. But to pro-cess a whole collection would require time, space, equipmentand money.

Using Wei T'o cans would cost about $20-25 per book, butwould be advantageous on a book-by-book basis for new ac-quisitions. If FMC is not available to us, it may be the onlyalternative with any long-lasting properties. If it were, Iwould still use it rather than see valuable and importantChurchill works disintegrate during my lifetime.

continued overleaf. .

Finest Hour 71/25

Greening of the Canon . . .Fortunately I have come upon an accidental method that is

very cheap and simple. In Chicago there is a company thatpressure-treats books — not to preserve them, but to rid themof pests such as silverfish. In that process they discoveredthat the material being used also deacidified the books,without harming the covers or discoloring the pages.

In this process, books are put under a vacuum. This drawsresidual moisture from the pages. Disinfectant is then addedunder pressure. The books are again put under a vacuum toremove the excess disinfectant. The result is a book that, atthat point, is acid-free. The decay process will have been in-terupted. In fact the book's pages will be slightly basic onthe pH scale. As I noted before, if the book is then seldomopened, on a shelf between other books, in an averagemedium-dry climate, the decay process will probably notreally get underway again.

While this process doesn't have the ultimate longevity ofprotection given by the Wei T'o or FMC, it is very cheap:the handling and processing costs about $4.75 per book.

Given the value of any single book you have, this would ap-pear to be money well spent. It allows the books a"breather." For books further along in the process ofdeterioration, however, only the more costly processes willhelp.

In addition to having a test run on some books by FMC, Iam also going to run a larger group of my books through thelow cost disinfectant process. If anyone else wants to havesome of theirs done with the low cost process now or at anyfuture time, please contact me c/o Finest Hour. I can also putyou in touch with Wei T'o if you wish to pursue a more per-manent, do-it-yourself solution. If the FMC test is successfuland they make it available to us, a note will be run in FH.

Finally, it is important to note that each book and each col-lector is different. What works for one may not be enoughfor another. Each of us has to decide the state of our collec-tions and their need for help, and whether any of thesemethods may work for them.

But it does appear that these three methods allow us a rayof hope that for modest cost, we may be truly able to keepChurchill's works Green. •

BOOK REVIEWS' "The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953-1955,''Edited by Peter G. Boyle. University of North CarolinaPress, 230pp., illustrated, $24.95

PROFESSOR BOYLE, a lecturer in American history atthe University of Nottingham, here collects the cor-respondence of the two most important men in the free

world during their postwar commands.The collaboration was, as it was during World War II, an

uneasy one. The protagonist's roles were roles switched,with Churchill pushing for summitry with the Russians,while President Eisenhower, who had always been accom-modating with the Russian allies, hardened his stanceagainst "the stupid and savage individuals in the Kremlin."

The correspondence is unremarkable (although it is in-teresting to see that parts of it still remain "classified") andeven thin stuff for Churchillians. There are occasionalflashes of the great man's brilliance, but what is here ismainly drafted in the cordial and carefully couched languageof the clerk and the diplomat. Eisenhower's letters, by com-parison, are almost painful to read.

One exchange in 1954 sums up the relationship pretty well.Eisenhower writes that Churchill's desire to meet with thenew masters of the Kremlin after Stalin's death must be theresult of "a very deep and understandable desire to dosomething special in your remaining period of active servicethat will be forever recognized as a milestone in the world'stortuous progress toward a just and lasting peace."Eisenhower, betraying an almost incomprehensible lack ofknowledge about the real man, suggests that Churchill takehis final bow with a speech on how colonialism, which is "onthe way out as a relationship among peoples" will be phasedout.

Churchill responds, "I am not looking about for the meansof making a dramatic exit or of finding a suitable Curtain. Itis better to take things as they come. I am however convincedthat the present method of establishing the relations between

the two sides of the world by means of endless discussionsbetween Foreign Offices, will not produce any results."

Churchill also notes, "I read with great interest all thatyou have written me about what is called Colonialism, namely:bringing forward backward races and opening up thejungles. I was brought up to feel proud of much that we haddone." He notes that Eisenhower's feelings are in full accordwith the policies being pursued by the Empire, but adds, "Inthis I must admit I am a laggard. I am a bit sceptical aboutuniversal suffrage for the Hottentots even if refined by pro-portional representation. The British and American Demo-cracies were slowly and painfully forged and even they arenot perfect yet. I shall certainly have to choose another topicfor my swan song: I think I will stick to the old one 'The Uni-ty of the English-speaking peoples.' With that all will workout well."

For Churchillians, there is not very much here that has notbeen said before, and better, most notably by officialbiographer Martin Gilbert and former private secretary SirJohn Colville. What is here is, in the main, food forEisenhower buffs.

Professor Boyle in his conclusion writes that Eisenhower'sletters "provide conclusive evidence to repudiate the viewthat Eisenhower was a weak, ill-informed president whoabrogated responsibility to others such as John FosterDulles." Jan Lukacs writes, "They do not. Their conclusiveevidence is that of a man obstinately self-satisfied with hislately acquired ideological view of the world, and extraor-dinarily dependent on the — often wrong, and at times evensinister — advice and influence of John Foster Dulles."

Mr. Lukacs, author of The Duel: 10 May-31 July 1940:The Struggle Between Churchill and Hitler, among otherbooks, seems closer to the mark. Yet while acknowledgingthat Churchill was not often wrong about the Russians — heforesaw the collapse of the Soviet Empire as early as 1944 —there is more than a little to be said for the Cold Warrior"treat 'em rough" school. Whether or not it prolonged thesubjugation of Central Europe will long be debated.

Finest Hour 71/26

The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953-1955 isa handsome production, containing a number of goodphotographs. For his part, editor Boyle is not intrusive,although his own glosses, introduction and conclusion tendtoward the fussy and academic.

— Joe Mysak

"Churchill: A Life," by Martin Gilbert. London:Heinemann; Toronto: Octopus; to be published in the UnitedStates this autumn by Henry Holt & Co. Trade prices £20 inUK, $39.95 in Canada, $35 in USA. The U.S. edition at adiscount price of about $30 may be reserved (send nomoney) by writing the ICS New Book Service, PO Box 385,Hopkinton NH 03229 USA. You will be billed when books arein stock. Or contact ICS/UK (Directory, p. 3.) for signedcopies of the UK edition.

IN THE expanded attic room of Martin Gilbert's Victorianhouse in London there is a desk, 30 feet long and U-shaped, which has held in its working career much of the

life of Winston Churchill.Gilbert, a cheerful academic on a sabbatical from his

Oxford college which started 20 years ago and has neverfinished, rides round the desk's rim on an office chair withwheels, sifting the evidence, saving what he conservativelyestimates at 10 per cent for future reference.

The desk is spread at different times with archives, officialand personal, and some of the 5,000 letters which Winstonwrote to his beloved wife, Clementine.

A friend has estimated that over the years Gilbert's deskhas carried 15 tons of paper. In words, that's more than twomillion over eight volumes of the official biography.

And that doesn't include his latest 800-page book, Chur-chill: A Life. It's the book he obviously feels will reach thatwider readership which doesn't have the money or the men-tal energy to wade through eight volumes — and compensatehim more realistically for the labor of nearly half a lifetime.

"It's been a struggle," he admits with a wry smile, "a realburden." The original contract for eight volumes involvedno royalties, and no copyrights — only a payment rapidlyovertaken by inflation.

For Churchill: A Life he has both royalties and copyrightsand — what's given him greater pleasure — a four-part TVseries for the BBC, which he himself hosts, to be broadcastin January. Worldwide sales, will fatten the pot.

"It was great: they took me everywhere," Gilbert en-thuses. "We went to the Kremlin, Churchill's prison inPretoria, the White House, Yalta . . . " And now it's broughthim back to Ottawa.

"People here weren't aware of it at the time but when hecame to Ottawa during the war he was just getting over aheart attack in Washington. He was very sick. And Idiscovered that after Ottawa he went to Florida to recuperateunder the name of Mr. Lobb."

Churchill incidentally, was very accident-prone all his life.In his mid-60s he got squashed by a car on Fifth Avenue inNew York and wrote a 5,000-word article about it for theDaily Mail — for £1 a word. "That was more than his an-nual salary as PM!"

It's items like this which freshen up his latest book. Gilbertis quick to point out it's definitely not an edited version of his

earlier work, reduced to an eighth.

Martin Gilbert writes: "While it would be churlish tocavil at such a nice review, may I point out that (1) theroom is on my first floor (USA 2nd floor), not in my at-tic; (2) my chair is firmly rooted to the floor; (3) Suziewas my third, but obviously my best, research assistant;(4) our three children, Natalie, David and Joshua, willbe happy to know that the new book is dedicated to all ofthem; (5) I think it would be more correct to say thatChurchill was 'fascinated' rather than "infatuated" withtechnology. None of which takes away from Mr.Taylor's many kind remarks."

Everyone asks Gilbert if he ever actually met Churchill.Regrettably, no. But as a schoolboy he regularly went to theHouse of Commons and watched him in action, and one nightstood outside No. 10 ("You can't do that now of course")when Churchill gave a dinner party on his resignation.

Gilbert had, of course, met Clementine. "I used to readchapters to her once a month. She insisted I look at all theirprivate letters. . . . She imposed no censorship whatsoeverand let anything be used. . . . She felt he was a large enoughman to survive things that were not so creditable. You did notneed to whitewash someone like him."

The sheer volume of their correspondence amazes evenGilbert. "When he came to Canada, in 1929, every night hewould write eight or nine pages to her, and in the trenchesduring the war, while his fellow officers were sleeping, hewould write her five or six pages every night."

Gilbert himself did not have an official assistant for years— "I couldn't afford one" — until enough money wassprung loose for a graduate researcher on a three months'trial. He married her.

"We both read all the documents (most of which arephoto-copied because of the risk of loss). I write my nextchapter and she reads it and points out anything I may haveleft out. Sometimes she suggests re-writing." The eighthvolume is dedicated to her; the new book, to his twochildren. It was Suzy, his wife, who recently made a drasticalteration to Gilbert's writing habits.

Over the years a total of 40 books, which include definitiveworks on the Holocaust and 12 historical atlases, Gilbert hasalways written longhand, in pen and ink on the right-sidepages only, leaving space for alterations on the left. But twoyears ago when he started on Churchill: A Life, his wifepresented him with a personal computer.

"In England, it has become the very first book to be set upwith an itemized index program integrated on my screen. Itwent to the printer on disc and 18 days later I had the printedjacketed book on my desk. That would have taken months."

Gilbert muses on what Churchill would have made of suchtechnology. "He was infatuated by everything technologi-cal" — and that included the work of the Wright Brothersand the introduction of the tank in the First World War."

As for his own verdict on Churchill, you won't find itanywhere in his books. Gilbert is firm. That's not thehistorian's function, though some have queried this view.

"I do not think my opinion is more interesting. My func-tion is to inform the reader and let him form his ownopinion."

— Noel TaylorREPRINTED BY COURTESY OF THE OTTAWA CITIZEN

Finest Hour 71/27

WOODS CORNERAddenda & Corrigenda to the "Bibliography of Works of Sir Winston Churchill," by Frederick Woods, 1975.

Overall, though, this is a splen-did piece of work that brings TheWorld Crisis back into print in afull edition (five volumes in sixbooks) for the first time since theearly Sixties, and makes a durablereading copy available at a veryreasonable price.

Owing to the scarcity of the finalvolume [The Eastern Front, akaThe Unknown War) this set is a farbetter bargain than Easton's earlierSecond World War. Booksellershaven't been able to sell completeearly editions for $260.70 for atleast six years,- today even a set oflater impressions costs around$500, and fine firsts sell for up to$2000, or more than $3000 in theiroriginal jackets. Easton's productis therefore a bargain: a chance toown Churchill's finest writing at aprice you'd expect to pay for anyset of modern clothbound hard-backs.

How to Order: Send $43.45 perset desired (you may order as manyas you like, but don't expect to saltthem away like securities — this isa reprint, and appreciation will beslow). Use your personal cheque ormajor credit card. Post to EricStones, MBI Books Division, 677Connecticut Avenue, Norwalk CT06854 USA. (You may request thatyou be billed in six monthly in-stallments of $43.45 each.) Booksare expected to be ready bySeptember.

We are giving Mr. Stones' officeaddress rather than Easton'sregular address so he may judgehow well we help him out. If ad-vance orders are low, Easton willproduce only enough World Crisissets to fill them, and then cancelfurther production. ICS wants thisset to be offered widely — so don'thesitate, go for it! Advanced collec-tors: this is the reading copy youneed to spare your valuable firsteditions. A favorable response willmean broad circulation not only foiSir Winston, but for the ICSbrochures we have asked Eric tosend out with each Volume I.

A31 The World Crisis New Edition

The Easton Press has announcedits new complete edition of Chur-chill's World War I masterwork,bound in deep red and black pig-skin and elaborately blocked ingilt. By combining a reprint of theoriginal Thornton ButterworthEnglish first edition (with itslovely maps and shoulder notes oneach page) with the photographsfrom the Scribner American post-war edition (hitherto the only il-lustrated complete edition), EastonPress has put together the mostcomprehensive edition ever pub-lished.

There are one of two minoraesthetic disappointments. Tokeep the price down to its remark-able level (US $260.70 postpaid),

they have chosen pigskin leatherover calfskin. Pigskin lacks thearoma and supple qualities of calf-skin, and you should expect yourbooks to be stiff when new. Openthem carefully and read them pageby page starting on page 1 — do notcrack them open in the middlewhen they are still new. Also,Easton is promoting this set incor-rectly (as they did their earlier edi-tion of The Second World War) as"the first leatherbound edition."In fact, Thornton Butterworthbound presentation editions inleather and both the Diners Cluband Collected Works Editions(1975) were leatherbound. Gaudybookplates can be expected, but asthese are merely laid in, they canbe discarded — whatever you do,don't paste them to the endpapers!

Finest Hour 71/28

A40: Marlborough New EditionHard on the heels of the Easton

World Crisis comes the Folio So-ciety Marlborough, apparentlytaken from the sheets of the origi-nal Harrap four-volume edition.Though the Folio set costs moreand is in buckram, not leather, itoffers colour frontispieces and 16 ,pages of contemporary black andwhite photos per volume. A slip-case is also provided. Both case andbooks are emblazoned with theMarlborough/Churchill Coat ofArms and the color is deep maroon.

ICS has not been offered any ar-rangements on this work, and maynot be, since the Folio Society is abook club requiring minimum pur-chases, etc. Some Friends of ICSare members, however, and may beable to purchase for us. The price isUS$300. If you are interested, writeyour national Society (Directory,Page 3), or contact the Folio So-ciety direct at 202 Great Suffolk St,London SE1 1PR.

" Al45 " Complete Speeches (8 Vols)The most blatant example of

why this massive and well-indexedwork is nevertheless not fully com-plete comes on page 5945 at theend of Churchill's famous Com-mons peroration following theAustrian Anschluss in March 1938.Rhodes James cuts this speech offafter the paragraph beginning, "Iwill venture to echo . . . " Armsand the Covenent and WhileEngland Slept, page 402. He thusomits the key passages in one ofChurchill's finest prewar speeches(". . . I have watched this famousisland descending incontinently,fecklessly, the stairway whichleads to a dark gulf. It is a finebroad stairway at the beginning,but after a bit the carpet ends. Alittle farther on there are onlyflagstones, and a little fartheron still these break beneath yourfeet . . ."]

The Book of Public SpeakingA new Woods "D (b)" entry and „

bibliographic oddity, this sevenvolume work is the first we'veheard of containing both Lord Randolph and Winston Churchill a:joint contributors. Published byCaxton, London, undated but c1920 from the speeches, it containsa marvelous array of orators suchas Dickens, Bryan, T. Roosevelt,Mark Twain, Shaw, Disraeli, Lin-coln, Kipling, Doyle — even KaiserWilhelm's farewell speech beforeleaving for exile in Holland. Chur-chill items, some first appearances,are as follows:

LORD RANDOLPH CHUR-CHILL: "Pol i t ical Life andThought in England," CarltonClub, 6 June 1885, Vol 2, pp277-85.

WINSTON S. CHURCHILL:"THE PRESS," London, 10 June1909 with full page photo opposite,Vol 1, pp 83-84; " W e l s hCharacteristics,'' London, 1 March1911, Vol 2, pp 295-98 with photoopposite p 296; his famous"Liberalism versus Socialism,"Dundee, 4 May 1908, Vol 3, pp32-40; "Derby Election," London,11 February 1913, Vol 5, pp 64-7;"Naval Volunteers ," RNVR,Lambeth, 14 December 1912, Vol5, pp 151-2; "Inauguration of newDundee Advertiser building,'' Lon-don, 2 February 1914, Vol 6, pp235-7; "Respons ib i l i t i e s ofOffice," Commons, 20 December1912, Vol 6, pp 312-21. Variousanecdotes about Churchill appearin Vol 7.

Thus, of eight speeches, Winstondelivers seven to his father's one.Lord Randolph would have neverbelieved it!

Victory on the MarchReader Bernard Wojciechowski

reports this paperback (New York:National Educational Alliance,Inc., 1944), which contains whatmay be the first appearance involume form of Churchill's 21September 1943 speech on the warsituation and the fate of Mussolini.Bernie writes: "Since Onwards toVictory was published in July 1944,this book may have preceded it."Can any reader ascertain this?

Richard M. Langworth

Finest Hour 71/29

Blenheim Award to Lee Remick for ''Jennie"Two months after this event. Lee Remick lost her Churchillian fight against cancer. Though very frail, it was obvious as this nightwore by that we had done exactly the right thing. She left with all flags bravely flying.

ON MAY 4TH the International Churchill Societycelebrated the accomplishments of a great lady,

and her contribution to the life history of Sir WinstonChurchill. The Society presented its Blenheim Award toLee Remick, the first actress so cited, for her portrayalof Winston Churchill's mother in the 1975 ThamesTelevision film, Jennie, Lady Randolph Churchill.Miss Remick received her star on the Hollywood Walkof Fame the same week she received our BlenheimAward.

The Blenheim Award Banquet was organized by theCalifornia Chapter's Merry Alberigi, who first notifiedMs. Remick of our intentions in early 1990, hoping fora presentation in San Francisco at the 1990 InternationalConference. When this didn't prove possible, Leeagreed to come to a special dinner in her honor thefollowing Spring.

The Queen Mary, a floating luxury hotel in LongBeach, came to mind because of her connections withWinston Churchill, who sailed on her many times dur-ing World War II and after. The hotel's staff was ex-cited about a visit from the Society and its famous guestof honor, and the hotel became our host for the event,offering many extra services such as "Captain'sTours" of the ship. The staff made a tremendous effortto ensure that the historic aspects of the dinner were inorder.

The Queen Mary has well-organized archives underthe direction of ship's historian Bill Winberg. Billsearched his files to find the 1943 menus from Chur-chill's voyages which became the basis for thebanquet's menu. He provided copies of the rules andregulations for Churchill's voyages, room lists,telegrams, newspaper articles, and photographs of SirWinston. Merry incorporated much of this material, aswell as the dates and destinations of Churchill's trips,into the illustrated commemorative banquet program,which can be ordered from the California Chapter.

Banquet committee volunteers came from all parts ofthe state and used a flurry of faxes, conference calls andovernight mail to coordinate their plans. CochairmanBruce Bogstad of Los Angeles took RSVP's and in-quiries and handled many of the logistics in SouthernCalifornia. Colin Clark of Paso Robles created a filmclip from Jennie, which was shown at the dinner. Colinworked feverishly with Thames Television of London,which sent him their copy of the film, which he thentook to a studio and edited. The Audio Visual Head-quarters Corporation donated their services for thescreening of the clip. This writer was in daily contactwith her daughter Merry, who claims she offered "in-valuable assistance organizing the dinner, editing thepress releases and commemorative program, and ar-ranging for press coverage for the event." (Thank-youmy dear.)

-Lee Remick (right), with ICS/USA vice president Merry Alberigi.Standing are Gregory Peck and Richard Langworth. Below: hotelahoy! The 365-stateroom Hotel Queen Mary in Long Beach hasbeen brilliantly restored and furnished with lovely art decoreminders of her greatest years.

Finest Hour 71/30

ICS members from the United States and Canadabegan to arrive on the ship on Wednesday, making aholiday of their trip to Long Beach. There was much tosee: the ship's museums, Howard Hughes' SpruceGoose, Catalina Island. Members met each other fordinner in the elegant Sir Winston's restaurant. With thatname it had much to live up to, and it succeeded. Thedecor was primarily photographs of its namesake andthe food would have met with Churchill's approval —the best. On Saturday morning, 40 ICS friends met for abriefing on the Society's plans for a Center for Chur-chill Studies, the National Conference in Richmond,Virginia, and the international meeting and tour inAustralia. Merry reported the Society's membership isgrowing steadily and she encouraged members to formchapters in their areas.

The gala evening on the Queen Mary opened with aChampagne reception at which 100 guests were servedSir Winston's favorite, Champagne Pol Roger, donatedby Frederick Wildman & Sons, Ltd., and Christian Pol-Roger. We were piped to our tables by the Los AngelesPolice Department Pipe Band which then played"Scotland the Brave" in honor of Lady Churchill.

Merry Alberigi welcomed everyone and introducedthe head table. I said grace, giving thanks that we weretogether to share this joy and this meal. The menu of-fered several dishes unfamiliar in 1990s, for example:Croute au Pot a I'Ancienne (fricassee of beef, mush-rooms, and pearl onions in a bird's nest of deep-friedpotato strips) and Dindonneau, Chipolata (turkey incream sauce in a pastry shell). The five-course dinnerwas made entirely of dishes selected from farewell din-ners served on Sir Winston's voyages in 1943, accom-panied by wines donated by the Robert MondaviWinery in Oakland, Napa Valley.

The program began with a toast to the President byDeputy Consul General of Great Britain in Los AngelesMr. Mervyn Jones, and a toast to the Queen by BruceBogstad. Then followed a reading of telegrams ad-dressed to Lee Remick in care of the Queen Mary.When word reached London of Ms. Remick's receivingthe Blenheim Award, the screen writer, producer, anddirector of Jennie were among those who sent their con-gratulations. Richard Lang worth, president ofICS/USA, then described the Blenheim Award.

Merry Alberigi introduced our guest speaker andmade her only slip of the evening, which brought such afavorable response that it seemed intentional. Afterrecalling Gregory Peck's many honors and film credits,she announced his new film, Old People's Money,quickly correcting herself with the correct title, OtherPeople's Money. The audience and Mr. Peck found thishilarious. When he began his speech he turned to Merryand said "Old People's Money?" To which she replied,"It worked for me."

Gregory Peck gave a heartfelt tribute: "There cannotbe another American actress so well suited — by herbeauty, her high spirits, her intelligence, and more thanthat, by the mystery of a rare quality, which I would calla depth of womanliness — to play the mother ofWinston Churchill." Following the ten-minute film clipof scenes from Jennie, Gregory Peck and RichardLangworth presented the Blenheim Award to LeeRemick.

For her work in Jennie Ms. Remick received theGolden Globe Award, the BAFTA Award, the EveningStandard Award, the Hollywood Foreign Press Award,and an Emmy nomination. In accepting the BlenheimAward she said, "Playing Jennie may have seemed tobe a step back in time. Cinematically it was; but whenone remembers this strong-willed woman who had sucha remarkable influence on one of the foremoststatesmen and leaders of the 20th Century, the timeframe seems to vanish. Jennie Jerome was a leader infact as well as spirit for social change and women'srights." She then shared one of her fondest memoriesfrom the filming of Jennie. She remembered lying inthe bedroom in which Winston was born at BlenheimPalace, looking at the ceiling, and thinking that this waswhat Jennie saw when she gave birth to her son.

We rose to applaud Lee Remick and she made herexit. At Gregory Peck's suggestion we sang "For She'sa Jolly Good Fellow," bringing tears to many and awave and a smile from Lee.

On this evening we remembered two great women —Lady Randolph Churchill, whose courage and tenacityhad a profound motivating effect on her son; and LeeRemick, whose devotion to her craft forever capturedfor us Jennie's spirit. We were all cheered and warmedby the good fellowship of the evening and by thepresence of two people whom we greatly admire — LeeRemick and Gregory Peck.

More than half the guests remained on board to spendthe night in one of the ship's original first-classstaterooms. We enjoyed a farewell breakfast together— the Queen Mary's Champagne Brunch — in theGrand Salon. Seventy tables of food from around theworld, ice sculptures, and abundant Champagne pro-vided the perfect end to the weekend.

Gregory Peck

THANK YOU. I am honored and pleased to be here: Tohave been invited to add what I can to this handsome

evening of tribute to Lee Remick.There cannot be another American actress so well suited —

by her beauty, her high spirits, her intelligence, and morethan that, by the mystery of a rare quality, which I would calla depth of womanliness — to play the mother of WinstonChurchill.

If that sounds like a brief description of Jennie, Lady Ran-dolph Churchill, then so be it — it is the most accuratedescription I can give you of another great American lady, anartist and a shining star in her own right — in films, onBroadway and West End stages, and on television — MissLee Remick.

It has been my privilege to work in only one film with Lee.It was called The Omen. It had to do with Satanism. It hadsome horrifying special effects; it was a spine tingler, ex-cruciatingly suspenseful — and complete nonsense. It was ablockbluster. People lined up for blocks to see it. While thestudio executives took bows as the money rolled in, only Leeand I knew the secret of the film's extraordinary success. Wedid it. It was our special artistry, our sensitive portrayal of amarried couple very much in love, to whom all those dread-

continued overleaf. . .

Finest Hour 71/31

GregoryPeck onLee's"DepthofWomanli-ness."

ful things were happening. We provided the human elementthat made it all work.

Playing opposite Lee, it was easy to make the human ele-ment work. She plays her roles with an open heart, an openmind, keen intelligence and a depth of feeling that takes theplay acting out of her work and makes the events on thescreen appear to be real.

Since Lee burst on the screen in 1957 in A Face in theCrowd, her list of co-stars, who have waited their turn toplay opposite her (no fools they), is impressive: PaulNewman, Orson Welles, James Stewart, Montgomery Clift,Jack Lemmon, Steve McQueen, James Garner, Burt Lan-caster, Henry Fonda, Paul Scofield, Richard Burton,Richard Dreyfuss, among others.

Lee makes them all look good. Playing opposite this clear-eyed Yankee girl with the appealing style and femininitythat graces every one of her roles just simply brings out thebest in a man.

For an actress seemingly without a manic, driving obses-sion for more success, more acclaim, more publicity, Leehas built a body of work that has won her the respect and af-fections of her colleagues, and of the public. There have been28 movies, 25 television shows, and six stage plays. It is anadmirable amount of work of the highest quality. I won't listall the titles, but as a reminder that we are honoring a work-ing artist this evening — a few of them:

In the theatre: Wait Until Dark, Bus Stop (in London), /Do! I Do! (in Los Angeles), and Follies in 1985 (Yes, thelady also sings — beautifully).

The films — some of them: A Face in the Crowd, TheLong Hot Summer, Anatomy of a Murder, Wild River, Sanc-tuary, Days of Wine and Roses, The Detective, A DelicateBalance, The Omen, The Europeans, The Competition, andTribute.

On television — a remarkable list of performances —among them: The Tempest, The Blue Knight, Ike — The WarYears, Haywire, The Letter, The Gift of Love, Eleanor — InHer Own Words, and recently, Dark Holiday and Bridge toSilence.

Above all perhaps in television, a shining example of Lee'stalent and skill is Jennie, Lady Randolph Churchill. In thenext ten minutes, we'll be privileged to view scenes from thatgallant and memorable performance.

Lee Remick

THANK YOU Greg and thank you Mr. Langworth forthat wonderful introduction. I am thrilled to be here and

even further thrilled to be recognized by this prestigiousorganization for one of my favorite roles, Jennie JeromeChurchill. To be the first actress ever cited by the Interna-tional Churchill Society is simply an extension of the honoraccorded to me with this wonderful Blenheim Award.

Playing Jennie may have seemed to be a step back in time,cinematically it was; but when one remembers this strong-willed woman who had such a remarkable influence on oneof the foremost statesmen and leaders of the 20th century, thetime frame seems to vanish. Jennie Jerome was a leader infact as well as spirit for social change and women's rights.True, she may not have led parades but her subtlety influ-enced a great many people and social reforms followed.While it may not equate to the rights that women enjoy now,it was a start. Jennie was such a multi-faceted human beingthat any actress would have scraped to get such an actingplum dropped in their laps. I consider myself to have been avery lucky actress with the parts I have been given to play;but if given the opportunity to repeat any of my perfor-mances, most certainly "Jennie, Lady Randolph Churchill"would be one of them. I'm glad that plum dropped in my lap.

Thank you ladies and gentlemen and thank you membersof the International Churchill Society for this unique award.

Left to right: Julie Jones (Mrs. British Consul), Jeff Graves, BarbaraLangworth, Bruce Bogstad, Shirley Graves, Gregory Peck; MerryAlberigi at the microphone. Dinner was a medley of WSC's QueenMary favorites.

Blenheim Award designer Don Payne (3rd from right) with hisAnglo-American family and the Bogstads (right).

You never know who'll show up on the "Ghosts, Myths andLegends" tour. L-R: Barbara Langworth, Elaine Oldham, MerryAlberigi, Winston S. Churchill, Fred the Guide, Dick and JeanneDanby, Glen Alberigi, Shirley and Jeff Graves, Marlon Brando andDon Payne: "The right crowd and no crowding."

Finest Hour 71/32

The Queen Mary'sService to Great Britain

and ChurchillLAUNCHED in 1934, the RMS Queen Mary has an

historical link with Sir Winston Churchill. Numeroussources attest to the ship's proud service to her country as the"Gray Ghost," carrying the Prime Minister to conferencesand transporting more than 800,000 Canadian, American,and British servicemen over 600,000 miles during WorldWar II. During the war Churchill traveled under thepseudonym Colonel Warden, a code name used to confuseenemy agents.

"Some of the most important and far-reaching Britishdecisions regarding the conduct and course of the war weremade in this liner as she ploughed her way across the Atlan-tic," wrote Neil Potter and Jack Frost in The Queen Mary."On three occasions Winston Churchill traveled in her toAmerica and Canada accompanied by the Chiefs of StaffCommittee and an assortment of other experts in manyfields, as well as a large secretariat. . . . In fact the linerbecame a veritable floating Whitehall."

The Churchill entourage worked every day during theirwartime crossings planning strategies, reviewing maps, andpreparing for meetings in the United States and Canada. Theship's staff saw to the party's every need. At the end of his1943 voyage to Halifax, Nova Scotia, for the First-QuebecConference, Churchill wrote Captain Bissett of the QueenMary:

A second time this fine ship while under yourcommand has conveyed myself and a highly im-portant mission across the Atlantic. I can onlyrepeat what I wrote to Captain Illingworth onthe last voyage that all arrangements have beenadmirable, and the efficiency with which theyhave been carried out has contributed not onlyto the comfort and convenience of the pas-

WSC at a reception in the First Class drawing room after his talkswith President Truman, New York, 28 January 1952.

sengers, but to the output of work which theyhave been doing and have been able to con-tinue to do without interuption since leavingEngland. Will you please convey my thanks toall officers and ship's company.

Security was of great concern when the ship carried Chur-chill, Potter and Frost wrote: "Each time the Prime Ministertraveled, structural alterations had to be made within the

continued on page 34 .

Supporting Cast, May 4thThe Committee

Merry Alberigi, Bruce Bogstad, Colin Clark, Shirley Graves.

The Team^'en Alberigi, Lisa Bogstad, Derek Brownleader, CourtneyGraves, Richard Langworth, Barbara Langworth, Marvin Nicely,Dea Nicely.

Sponsors and Representativesttjm Bramlett, Richard Kerstine, Jennifer Nestegard, and Billwinberg of the RMS Queen Mary, our host; R. Michael Mondaviand Karen O'Neill of Robert Mondavi Winery; Mara Todorovich ofFrederick Wildman & Sons, Ltd., Christian Pol-Roger of Cham-Pagne Pol Roger; Audio Visual Headquarters Corporation.

p. ICS Co-Sponsors|- l a rk Company of Paso Robles, General Dick and Mrs. JeanneJJanby, j u d g e Richard and Ruth Lavine, Victor B. Levit, Am-bassador Paul H. Robinson, Jr.

Supporters and Special ServicesThe Blenheim Rose; Bette's Brittle; David Patino of Sir SpeedyPrinters; Norman Shaifer of The British National Trust Collection.

PhotographsMembers wishing to select color photographs for personal use

may order color Xeroxes of the negatives for $6. This will bring youthree pages of Xeroxed negatives from the three rolls taken at theevent. From these you may order prints which will cost $12.50 for5x7's and $4.50 for 4x6's, inclusive of mailer and postage. To orderyour color Xeroxes send $6 to ICS-California, 21 Bahama ReefNovato, CA 94949.

Commemorative ProgramsBlenheim Award Banquet commemorative programs are

available. Included in the 12-page program are photos andbiographies of our guests of honor, pictures of Churchill on boardthe Queen Mary, and many excerpts from the ship's archives. Thesemay be ordered from ICS-California, 21 Bahama Reef, Novato, CA94949 at $10.00 postpaid. (UK, Canada, or Australia please' add$2.00 for extra shipping and send the equivalent in your currencybut payable to ICS.)

Finest Hour 71/33

DESPATCH BOX . . .

Doolittle. I once asked him aboutChurchill's drinking. "Did hedrink as much as he was reputedto?," I asked.

"I observed that he always drankthe middle third of his glass,"Doolittle replied. "It was neverfilled all the way up, nor was itever empty.

"One night I decided to matchhim drink for drink, to the samepattern. The next morning hecalled me. he said, 'that was acapital suggestion you made lastnight.' To this day, I have no ideawhat I had said to the man."

A.H. ROHLFING, DARIEN, CONN. USA

Canadian MemorabiliaHere is a photo depicting WSC

visiting No. 127 (Fighter) Wing,RCAF, at Crepan, France on 23 July1944. Johnnie Johnson, an RAFpilot who led the Wing, recountedthe visit in his book, Wing Leader.

"Before he left the Desert AirForce, Air Vice-Marshal Broad-hurst (here commanding No. 83Group, 2nd Tactical Air Force) hadacquired a captured FieselerStorch. This aircraft accompaniedhim to England and was often seenover the [Normandy] beachhead.Naturally there was always thedanger that it might be mistakenfor an enemy-piloted Storch, but

this contingency had been providedfor by painting the aircraft a brightyellow colour with permanent RAFroundels . . . One day we were toldto put a strong patrols of Spitfiresover the airfield since the Storchwould shortly arrive with a VIP inthe back seat. Soon it came intoview flying only a few feet abovethe hedges. As it came to a halt, wewere delighted to see the PrimeMinister, complete with cigar, inthe back seat. We had the rareprivilege of meeting Mr. Churchilland listening to an impromptuspeech in which he told us of theprogress of war."

Prints of this photo are availableby ordering negative no. PL 30896from the Canadian GovernmentPhoto Centre, Tunney's Pasture,Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0M9.The Photo Centre accepts Visa orMastercard; an 8x10" reproductioncosts about $5.

The second item is a shoulderflash from the 570 Squadron, RoyalCanadian Air Cadets (RCAC), the"Sir Winston Churchill Sqn." TheRCAC were formed in November1940 to train young boys and girlsin air matters and leadership skillsunder the guidance of the RCAF. Idon't yet have a history of this par-ticular Squadron or know when itadopted its title. I hope these itemscan appear in Finest How.

CAPT. J.R. GRODZINSKY, CACWESTWIN, MB, CANADA

Wilderness and Other YearsThe television series "Wilder-

ness Years" starring Robert Hardy(reviewed in FH38 —Ed.) is an ex-cellent portrayal of that period andI would like to find it in video. Itwas accurate in every detail, evenincluding the violent storm whichoccurred on the night the Cabinetconfronted Chamberlain to de-

Queen Mary . . . continuedship. In the first place, the whole of the accommodation oc-cupied by his suite had to be sealed off from the rest of theliner. Officers had to be provided for his staff, map rooms setup, as well as a conference room and eating quarters for theentourage.

"Furniture that had been in storage was replaced in cabinsand staterooms, giving them something of their peacetimecomfort. Churchill's suite, its entrances carefully guarded bythe Marines, became a kingdom with laws of its own. Theship, then ferrying American troops, was dry. When Chur-chill first heard of this he pulled what is described as 'a verylong face.' So it was described that his accommodationshould have its own licensing laws and that drink could beserved."

When America entered the war in 1941, Churchill pro-posed that the Queen Mary and its sister ship the Elizabethtransport entire divisions of American soldiers to England.The risk was great and the advisability of the venture ques-tioned. U.S. Chief of Staff Gen. George C. Marshall askedthe PM: "If you had to give the order, Mr. Churchill, wouldyou take a risk and send a division of men on this ship, know-

ing that if it were torpedoed there would be only lifeboats fora fraction of that number?" Churchill replied: "Yes, if itmeant shortening the war one day."

It is remarkable to see the Queen Mary today, transformedback to her 1930s art deco luxury, and the excellent conditionof the ship's beautiful murals, wood trim, and works of art.The troops had been admonished not to deface the ship andhad been "offered as an alternative the 750-foot long,teakwood railing on the Promenade Deck as a "tree to carveyour initials on." Wrote William Duncan, "The one-thirdmile railing was carved with names, nicknames, initials, girlfriend's names, . . . But not one wall or mural was scratchedby the GIs, a fact [the Captain] Sir Bisset called 'an exampleof the discipline of the American troops.' The U.S. Army ar-chives contain a six-foot piece of this railing; the rest wassanded and refinished."

There are many stories told of Churchill's travels on theQueen Mary; of the following may be new to some: "Chur-chill had often said he would not be captured alive. Thatpossibility faced him when he was at sea. He inspected hisassigned life boat and ordered that a machine gun be installedon the stern." (RMS Queen Mary by William J. Duncan.)

Finest Hour 71/34

mand that he declare war, while SirWinston and his group weremeeting in WSC's flat.

Years ago, my father was invitedto attend an address at West-mins te r College in Ful ton,Missouri. He did, and sat in thefront row only a few feet from thethen-Mr. Churchill. It was the"Sinews of Peace" or "Iron Cur-tain" address, and Dad spoke abouthis personal reactions frequently.He was a great admirer of Chur-chill in the 1920s to 1950s.

WM. F. HARVEY, GRAY PROF. OF LAWINDIANA UNIVERSITY

Alan Fitch of ICS Stores is ex-ploring the possibility of producinga VCR of the ''Wilderness Years."We have asked Professor Harvey torecount his father's remembrancesof the Fulton speech.

Pottery Information SoughtI am having trouble document-

ing two commemorative plateswhich apparently originated withBritannia Pottery in Cobridge,England, within the A.G. Richard-son & Co. family, later taken overby Enoch Wedgwood, then mergedwithin the Wedgwood group. Myinterest is in the history of thisseries, the reason for their issue,and any others that may were partof it. I would appreciate hearingfrom any collector of such potterywith a view to comparing notes onthis and other items.

K. ARTHUR PO BOX 72FINCH, ON, CANADA KOC 1K0

Recalling the Lion's RoarI thought I'd give you a quick up-

date on the speeches I've been giv-ing, which now number six: bothRotarys in Medford, Oregon,- a

private women's club in Ashland; aLion's club in Ashland; the RoqueValley Manor retirement center inMedford; and in Sacramento beforea 500-member Rotary. None hasgone better than Sacramento,which was covered by KFBK radionews in two separate stories. Priorto the speech was a small recep-tion, attended by several pilotswho had been involved in the Euro-pean theatre. I am sending you thetext. Derek Brownleader (ICS/USAsecretary) tells me there are now acouple of new Medford members. Idon't know if there is a connectionbut I hope so!

ROBIN LAWSON, ASHLAND, ORE.

Chapters or individuals wishingto book Mr. Lawson as a speaker onmatters Churchill should contacthim at 674 Berry La, Ashland97520.

CHURCHILL TRIVIAEDITED BY BARBARA LANGWORTH

CORRECTION: Anthony MontagueBrowne advises that our question 268 (lastissue) was incorrect, in that WSC did notknow the code name for his funeral plans.

TEST your skill and knowledge! Vir-tually all questions can be answered inback issues of FINEST HOUR (but it'snot really cricket to check). Twenty-fourquestions appear in each issue, theanswers in the following issue.

Questions fall into six categories:Contemporaries (C), Literary (L), Mis-cellaneous (M), Personal (P), States-manship (S), and War (W).

289. Who said of WSC: "He mobilizedthe English language and sent it into bat-tle"? (C)

290. Churchill preferred the title "TheLocust Years" for his military andPolitical writings in the late 1930s.Under what title were they published?

291. What is the Churchill family mot-to? (M)

292. What name did Churchill use whenne exhibited his paintings in Paris in1920? (P) V S

293. Churchill was M.P. for what con-stituency from 1924-1945? (S)

294. What was the tragedy of Norwayin 1940? (W)

295. Which Prime Minister appointedWSC as Chancellor of the Exchequer in1924? (C)

296. Which river was the subject ofChurchill's book "The River War"?(L)

297. Who were the family membersrepresenting Churchill in Washington,DC when he received honoraryAmerican citizenship? (M)

298. In 1888 a school administrator saidWinston was "regular in his irregulari-ty." Name two other faults he accusedhim of having. (P)

299. What was the name of the partyChurchill is alleged to have tried toform in 1936? (S)

300. In 1913 Lord Fisher told Chur-chill, "[what?] is now the dominatingsea fighting factor and you are notbuilding enough of them." (W)

Finest Hour 71/35

301. "[He] is the only bull who carrieshis china shop with him," was said byChurchill about whom? (C)

302. What title did Churchill prefer forhis collection of newspaper articlespublished as Arms and the Covenant(USA/While England Slept)! (L)

303. WSC was made Lord Warden ofthe Cinque Ports in 1946. Sandwich,Dover, Hythe, Romney and Hastingswere the original five; name the othertwo. (M)

304. What sport did Churchill activelyplay until 1927? (P)

305. In 1940, who did Chamberlainpropose for Prime Minister beforeChurchill was selected? (S)

306. What were the "Mulberrys" thatChurchill conceived in WWII? (W)

307. Who was the artist who sculptedthe statue of Churchill located onWoodford Green, Essex? (C)

308. In 1921 Churchill wrote an articlefor the magazine "Arts & Decoration"critiquing which artists? (L) y

309. What was the Churchill's Londonaddress in the Thirties? (M)

310. When Winston and Jack weresmall boys they went to Austria on aholiday with their parents. With whomdid they have tea? (P)

3 1 1 . ' 'Continue to pester, nag and bite''was a message Churchill sent to aBritish diplomat when asked his adviseon how to handle what danger? (S)

312. What war-winning, highly secretinformation, code-named "Ultra," didChurchill not reveal in The SecondWorld War because of official bans?(W)

ANSWERS TO LAST TRIVIA

(265) Lord Moran was his physician.(266) Savrola was republished 56 yearslater. (267) Clementine and QueenElizabeth II has wreaths on Churchill'sgrave. (268) Churchill's funeral planswere called Operation Hope-Not. (269)His last visit to Commons was 27 July1964. (270) Czechoslovakia . . . re-ceded into the darkness. (271) Churchillpredicted the date of his death to SirJohn Colville. (272) Step by Step con-cerned world affairs. (273) English wasall the "dunces" could learn. (274)Winston and Clementine were marriedfor 57 years. (275) Asquith said theDardanelles strategy was brilliant. (276)28 December 1941 was WSC's first war-time visit to the US. (277) He playedpoker with Harry Truman. (278) WhileEngland Slept (US) and Arms and theCovenant (UK) were Churchill's 1936-38 speeches. (279) Kay Murphy Halleencouraged WSC's US citizenship.(280) Winston collected stamps in hisyouth. (281) Anthony Eden was morepopular in 1939. (282) Scapa Flow is abay in NW Scotland where the GrandFleet was often anchored during bothWorld Wars. (283) Clement Attlee wasthe "modest man." (284) The People'sRights was a collection of 1910speeches. (285) Churchill liked to paintat Cannes and Marrakech. (286) PhilipTilden was the Chartwell architect.(287) Churchill offered to kiss GeneralDeGaulle on "all four cheeks." (288)Sorry for the red herring. Churchillnever came face to face with Hitler.

ICS StoresA Report on the Reorganization

Comments on the "Churchill Handbook"Greetings from ICS Stores. It has

been my honor and pleasure to serveyou for now almost six months and Ithought it would be a good thing tohighlight some of the items available toyou. Some "worthwhile judges haveagreed with me," so I shall share somethoughts with you.

One of my varied passions about SirWinston is his writings. Like many whoevolve into rather than plan a pursuit,my quest of Churchill books began in avery haphazard way about ten yearsago. I have in that time accumulated asmall but enjoyable "collection" ofsome 350 volumes. That is not impor-tant. What is, is that I have made vir-tually every mistake which the unin-formed or unknowing can make. That isto be expected I suppose, for the learn-ing and growing are such an enjoyablepart of the "amenities of book collec-ting." About four years ago however,after cutting up dust jackets (smile —the memory pains me more than you),buying every book regardless of condi-tion or edition, etc., I entered into thewonderful world of the antiquarianbookseller.

When I recovered from the painfulrealization of what I had done, I re-solved to learn. With dedicationreminiscent of WSC at Bangalore, Idevoured everything I could get myhands, eyes and mind on concerningbooks. As Churchill said, "What I got,I bit." A new vista opened before me. Iattacked my bookshelves, arranging,rearranging, sorting and researching,caressing and crying, sometimes curs-ing, but essentially attempting to do a"damage assessment" of my lamen-table beginning. I quickly discoveredthere were "tools" with which onecould "do the job" .

The most important tool of course isthe bibliography. I then learned of Mr.Woods. After about a year of this, fateintroduced me to ICS. From then tonow I have had an increasing oppor-tunity to hone these tools finely. Beforemy present tenure, I noticed in "FinestHour" something called The Churchill

Finest Hour 71/36

Handbook, and that it included manybibliographic aids for the pursuit of SirWinston's writings, and writings abouthim.

But like many, I did nothing. I wantedone. I needed one, but I did nothing.

Once again, fate intervened. In SanFrancisco last summer, during thatwonderful weekend with many of you,the chance to contribute with ICS Storesfell before me. Matters progressed andin October I had finally not only one butmany "Handbooks." I picked one up,read it and since then, "have never lefthome without it", if my purpose wasthe continuing search for the elusiveearly first or subsequent editions of anyof his writings, or any other worthwhilevolume concerning that wonderfulman's life, achievements or work. It isall there — arranged chronologically byyear or author, with all the "states" andpitfalls, whether the book is SirWinston's, the Official Biography orone by the many others who have writ-ten of his life.

I arranged my copy in a usable"bookshop form". It has proven anoutstanding quick reference when one istrying to decipher the many and variededitions of his so voluminous writings. Ihave even occasionally though seldom,discovered an error. But sometimes,though I have had it with me, I have notconsulted its content. In every instance,that has proven to be an unwise decisionand I have once again regretted eitherthe purchase, the options or both. I shallnot do so again. For any "HonourableMembers" who share a passion for col-lecting his books, but have not addedthis tool to your arsenal, I encourageyou to do so.

"Churchill Bibliographic Data"The completion of the Redburn

Bibliography of works entirely aboutChurchill gives us the opportunity tocombine it with the ICS "AmplifiedList of Works by Churchill" (originallyPart 4 of the Handbook) in a single,ready-reference booklet, ChurchillBibliographic Data, which ICS Stores

Churchill

Bibliographic Data

Surveys of Works By and About

Sir Winston Churchill

I'UBUSHF.D BY THE INI F.RNAT1ONAL CHURCHILL SfXIETIF.S

AUSTRALIA • CANADA • UNITED KINGDOM • UNITED STATES

D THE BT IION SIB W1N5TON 3. CHURCHILL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMHIA

now sells in one unit for $15 postpaid orthe equivalent. This comes completewith a heavy protective cover. You'llneed the cover, because if you are at allinterested in books, you'll find thispackage indispensible. For a small priceyou will have at your fingertips an ac-curate, professional reference whichwill give you confidence and comfort asyou build your collection.

(Please note that the Amplifiedwoods List will be revised over the nextseveral issues of Finest Hour to includeall corrections and additions amassedSlnce it was first published. To keepyour Bibliographic Data up to date,^nply replace the present AmplifiedWoods List with these new pages by ex-tracting them from the center of the nextseveral Finest Hours.)

I am visiting our editior in June andChurchill Bibliographic Data will be bymy side. For once I shall probably not°eed it for I shall be standing next to thequintessential authority on the subject.°ut it shall be there, for as we prowl thebookshops of New Hampshire andMaine, I intend to learn how to use itmore wisely.

"Checklist of Churchill Stamps"Another part of the Churchill Hand-

°°ok is the illustrated checklist oflocals, labels, and German

^ propaganda postcards: 32Pages of invaluable data for philatelists.g . Stoi"es sells this for $10 or thequivalent, postpaid. This section is be-

£8 overhauled by Celwyn Ball of ICS/n a d a ' a n d a b r a n d n e w s t a m P c h e c k '

also including Churchill-related

Ps will be published by ICS in due

course. For the present, though, this isthe best guide you can get to the subjectand I strongly recommend it if you are acollector.

- R. ALAN FITCH

A NOTE FROM THE EDITORI will shortly be approaching our In-

ternational Council with a proposal tocease issuing Handbook sections withinFinest Hour, and to publish instead twonew booklet-length works: "A Guide tothe Works of Sir Winston Churchill" bymyself, and the "Illustrated Checklistof Churchill Stamps" by Celwyn Ball.

The "Guide to the Works of SirWinston Churchill" will not be a biblio-graphy or a replacement to "Woods."It will, instead, supplement Woods. Itwill contain the same basic list of"Amplified Woods Numbers" des-cribed above by Alan Fitch, but vastlyexpanded: under each entry will benotes on the physical description of eachedition, how to tell the various states,variants and impressions, and "collec-tor's notes" on the aesthetics, scarcityand desirability of the various volumes.(It will not contain a price guide, whichwould be obsolete very soon and smackof commercialism, which we don'twant.)

The "Guide" will be a vital source toLibrarians, bibliophiles, students,teachers and collectors which will ac-company "Woods" and steer readersthrough the maze. In the absence on thehorizon of any immediate replacementto or new edition of "Woods," I feelsure that it will be a welcome addition.

There are, I think, some very goodreasons for producing these twoseparate publications . . .

When the Handbook was conceived,

r Checklist of Churchill Stamps

our idea was that we could issue four-page looseleaf sections of it one at atime in each issue of Finest Hour, andthen replace any section when the datain it became obsolete. In practice, wehave replaced few four-page sections in-dividually — instead we have replacedwhole chunks of the Handbook in suc-cessive issues. But most readers do notextract the sections and file them in alooseleaf, and for readers outside NorthAmerica the page size is not convenient.Finally, the "meat" of the Handbookhas really only involved two subjects todate: books and stamps. The rapidgrowth of ICS has now given us thefinancial means to publish the latestup-dates on both these subjects in com-plete booklet form — much as we do thebi-annual Proceedings or DouglasRussell's Orders, Decorations andMedals booklet.

The next two or three issues ofFinest Hour will therefore update the"Amplified Woods List" of books byChurchill for readers who do file theirHandbook supplements in looseleafs,and also replace this part of our newbooklet, Churchill Bibliographic Data.

We will then cease publication ofHandbook supplements within FinestHour and turn instead to separate,booklet-length publications describedabove. (We have not forgotten JohnWoods' Sherlock Holmes pastische,The Boer Conspiracy, which is ourbooklet project for 1991).

If you have an opinion pro and con onthis proposal, please communicate withyour national Society as listed in thedirectory on page 3.1 hope you will findthis change in tactics logical, and theeventual products more helpful.

RICHARD M. LANG WORTH

n I A: German Pr/>put>iinila Fcldpon Cards

Finest Hour 71/37

ICS STORES: SOLD TO SUPPORT THESold in support of the International

Churchill Societies. Prices are postpaidin U.S. dollars. To order: in the UnitedStates, send check to ICS Stores, 9807Willow Brook Circle, Louisville, KY40223; in Britain, Canada or Australiasend the equivalent cheque in poundssterling (divide US$ by 1.6), Canada orAustralian dollars (multiply by 1.2) toyour National Office (Directory, page3). Order by number, please.

CHURCHILLIANA

101. Royal Doulton Figure. Designedby Adrian Hughes. Churchill wears awhite suit and Homburg, pink button-hole and black bow tie, carries silvertopped black cane. Hand-painted facialdetail is wonderfully accurate. Height10.5 inches. Regular price $210. ICSprice $175.

101 102 105

Kevin Francis TobiesA masterful large hand-painted toby

by Peggy Davies in a limited numberedition: WSC and Britain's lion in threecolors. On Churchill's right is a copy ofhis "History of the English-SpeakingPeoples." Regular price $205 ppd. ICSPRICE SAVES $40.

102. Traditional Black $165103. Blue suit variant $165104. White suit variant $165

Churchill Victory FiguresLimited to only 750, this noble WSC

stands astride the colours and a bulldog,flashing the " V " sign. Regular price$205pp. ICS SAVES $40.

105. Blue suited figure $165106. Grey suited figure $165

108. "Action This Day" Labels.Reproductions of Churchill's famouswartime label. Black and orange, aclose copy of the original, gummed onbacks. Quantity 100. ICS price $5.

1 0 9 and 1 1 0

Colour Prints (shipped in rolls)

109. Young Winston ("Spy") $10

110. Chartwell Fish Pond (pi8) $10

PUBLICATIONS

115. Churchill Bibliographic Data. A40-page checklist of works by and aboutChurchill, including all variants, statesand impressions of Churchill's ownbooks and a chronological listing ofbooks about him from 1905 to 1991. Inheavy decorative wrappers. $15.116. Illustrated Checklist of ChurchillStamps. A 36-page checklist of Chur-chill commemoratives, locals, labels,German Feldpost propaganda cards,and a four-page checklist of ICS com-memorative covers issued between 1969and 1988. $10.

117. Churchill: An UncomfortableHero, by Caspar Weinberger. Speechto 1985 Boston Conference, illustrated,20pp. $15.

118. The Chartwell Bulletins 1935, byWinston S. Churchill. Letters to his ab-sent wife about life at Chartwell andcontemporary politics in the WildernessYears, illustrated, 68pp. $12.

119. Young Winston: A BiographyUsing Stamps, by Dalton Newfield. Il-lustrating WSC's life with stamps. Il-lustrated, 28pp. $5.

120. The Orders, Decorations andMedals of Sir Winston Churchill, byDouglas Russell. All 37 of WSC'sawards pictured with the history ofeach and the circumstances under whichit was presented to Churchill. Illustratedin B&W and color, 108pp. $15.

121. Proceedings of the InternationalChurchill Society 1987. Speeches byRobert Hardy, Fitzroy Maclean, GraceHamblin, James Courter and MartinGilbert. Illustrated, 68pp. $10.

Finest Hour 71/38

122. Proceedings of the ChurchillSocieties 1988-1989. Speeches byAlastair Cooke, Lord Blake, LadySoames, Enoch Powell, MauriceAshley, Martin Gilbert, the 1989 Sym-posium at Bretton Woods. Illustrated,108pp. $10.

FINEST HOUR

Finest Hour Back Issues. Please note:issues 1-13 were and are photocopied.Certain other issues through number 37,and also numbers 44, 52 and 56 are nowonly supplied as photocopies.114. Issues 1-40 complete. $150.Individual issues from number 41-up.$5 each or 4 for $15.

Synopsis of outstanding issues:#50. Commemorative 50th issue; con-tributions by WSC, Kay Halle, Wm.Manchester, Anthony MontagueBrowne, Lord and Lady Soames,Christian Pol-Roger, Ronald Reagan,Caspar Weinberger.

#53-54. "Churchill and the Baltic" in 2parts, locals and labels, notes on"Malakand Field Force," King EdwardVIII Abdication.

#55. Clark Clifford on WSC's trip toFulton, Harold Macmillan, GilbertVolume 8, Enoch Powell, Gallipoli instamps.

#57. Robert Hardy, Martin Gilbertspeeches, "The Dream" published,"Collected Works" story, Boer wantedposter, Companion volumes.

#58. ICS vs the "New Republic"; LordSoames on WSC, Dallas conference,Pamela Harriman on the Fulton speech,identifying first editions.

#59. Australian number: 6 articles onWSC & Australia including stamps,book reviews, etc.; wartime postcardsfeaturing Churchill.

#60. 20th anniversary issue, highlightsfrom issues 1-60, reader's guide,Centenary souvenirs, "The Dream(2)"; poem "Is This The Man?"

#65. Gilbert interview, ICS tour ofFrance and England, Churchillchina ware, bearding the revisionists,Edmonton monument.

WORK OFTHE CHURCHILL SOCIETIES

130

131

132

CERTIFICATES ANDSTATIONERY

130. Christmas Cards. Full color1942 artwork with Churchill quote andUS/UK flags. Inside reads "Greetingsof the Season"; opposite is Churchill'sbroadcast from the White House onChristmas 1941. Size 4'/2x6" withenvelope. Price per packet of ten. $12.

131. Note Cards. Superb Churchillsilhouette by Elizabeth Baverstock oncover with embossed border, 4x6" inmatching envelopes. Price per packet often. $12.

132. Personalized Membership Certi-ficate. Display your support of ICSand the Man of the Century with thisbeautiful 8'Ax 1 1 " Certificate of Mem-bership, signed by ICS officers and in-dividually lettered with your name.Printed on heavy, acid-free card stockwith the Churchill coat of arms in color.Fits standard frame but responds veryWeU to a larger frame with a matt.Allow 3-4 weeks for processing. Ship-ped airmail, packed flat with foamcore.$25.

CHURCHILL CALENDARSUseful long after they are out of date,

these calendars produced by ICS/Canada tell what Churchill was doingand saying on every significant occasionin 1940 (1990 calendar) and 1941 (1991calendar). Printed on high quality glossstock and illustrated with a "photo of'he month" for each month, they alsonote all British, American and Com-monwealth holidays.140. 1940-1990 Calendar $8.141. 1941-1991 Calendar $8.

ORAL HISTORYPROGRAMME (CASSETTES)

200. Winston S. Churchill: HisMemoirs and Speeches. Churchillreads from his books and speeches from"The Hour of Armistice" (1918) to"This is Your Victory" (1945). In-cludes "St. George and the Dragon"(1933), "The Vision of Death" (1938),"Munich Winter" (1939), "SternerWar" (1940), and all the famous warspeeches. From the original Decca LPs,24 sides on 12 cassettes. $115

201. Sir John Colville: "He had no usefor second-best." Speech to ICS in Lon-don, 22 May 1983. $10.

202. Lady Soames: "Pages from theFamily Album." Speech to ICS in Lon-don, 31 May 1983. $10.

203. Martin Gilbert: "Churchill'sLondon: Spinning Top of Memories."Talk to ICS in London, 17 September1985. $10.

204. Lord Mountbatten of Burma:"The Churchill I Knew." Possibly oneof the best ever on WSC, Edmonton,May 1966. $10.

205. Hon. Caspar Weinberger:"Churchill: An Uncomfortable Hero."Speech to ICS in Boston, 2 November1985. $10.

206. Lady Soames: "Churchill asFather and Family Man." Speech toICS in Dallas, 19 February 1986. $10.

207. Enoch Powell: "Churchill" AMan of His Time." Speech to ICS inSussex, 22 October 1988. $10.

210. Cdr. Larry Kryske, USN:"Churchill as Military Commander."Lecture to ICS, San Francisco, 19August 1990. $10.

211. Larry Arnn, Patrick Parker,Richard Langworth: "Churchill andGlasnost." Churchill's experienceswith the Soviet Union, 1918-1955.Panel discussion, San Francisco, 19August 1990. $10.

Finest Hour 71/39

lOth AnniversaryWINSTON CHURCHILL

Prime Minister;May 10th. WiO

FA,.*,

SPECIALPHILATELIC ITEMS1. Australia 1974 Churchill issue of-

ficial First Day Cover. $5.2. Australia 1990 ANZAC issue

FDC, Churchill, Vic. pmk. $5.3. Souvenir Maxi-card, 7x5" with

superb engraving of WSC & facsimilesignature. US 1965 Churchill stamp,Fulton MO pmk 7May69. $8.

4. ICS Cover no. 30, Churchill Hon.Citizenship 25th Ann. signed by KayHalle (who suggested this honor). Oneof only 25. $10.

COMMEMORATIVE COVERSFast disappearing, order now! $3 each.

5. 30th Anniversary UN Conference,28Dec71

20. Alamein 40th Ann. BattlegroundWA postmark 4Nov 82

23. Bulge Battle 40th Ann., PattonCA postmark 26Dec 84

25. V-E Day 40th Ann., ChurchillON postmark 8May 85

27. Iron Curtain Speech 40th Ann.,Fulton MO pmk 8Jun86

28. Edward VIII Abdication 50thAnn., London pmk HDec86

29. Lady Churchill's Death 10thAnn., London pmk 12DDec87

31. ICS 20th Ann., Camp Hill PApostmark 15Jun88

32. Great War Outbreak 75th Ann.,Church Hill MD pmk 4Aug89

33. World War 2 Outbreak 50thAnn., Winston KY pmk 3Sep89

34. Falkland Battle 75th Ann., PortStanley FI pmk 8Dec89

34a. Same, Falkland NC pmk8Dec89

35. River Plate Battle 50th Ann., PortStanley FI pmk 17Dec89

35a. Same, Washington DC pmk17Dec89

35b. Same, British River Plate specialpmk 17Dec89

36. Churchill Prime Minister 50thAnn., London pmk 10May90

36a. Same, special House of Com-mons pmk by ICS 10May90

36b. Same, Washington DC pmk byICS 10May90 •

"WE SHALL COME THROUGH"

I have thought about you and your friends in Southamptona good deal when we knew how heavily you were being attacked,

and I am glad to find an afternoonto come and see you to wish you good luck,

and offer you the thanks and congratulations of the Governmentfor the way you are standing up to these onslaughts of the enemy.

We see that the enemy has been decisively defeated by the R.A.F.We see that our friends across the ocean are taking a very warm interest

in the struggle for freedom here.

The great American democracy has pledged itself to give us its aid.

We have here Mr. Hopkins,the envoy and friend of President Roosevelt,

that great statesman and friend of freedom and democracy.One cannot help feeling enormously encouraged

by the spirit of the ever-growing movement of aid to Britainwhich we see laying hold of the mighty masses of the United States.

Lastly, what has happened to Italy?She with her crafty and calculating chief

thought she could win a very cheap and easy victory by stabbing France in the back.The tables have been turned in a most remarkable fashion

by the brilliant operation of General Wavell and General Wilsonand the splendid effort made by the Greeks

in repelling invasion of their native land.Instead of marching on in triumph to Athens and Cairo,

the Italians are now forced to bring in the Germansto rescue and rule them.

All this gives us encouragement to face the long and hard ordeals which lie before usbut to which we shall not be found unequal.

We shall come throughlWe cannot tell when.

We cannot tell how.but we shall come through.

We have none of us any doubt whatever.nor is there much doubt among lovers of freedom in other countries throughout the world

that we shall come through with triumph.When we have done so.

we shall have the right to say we live in an age wh.cn.in all the long history of Britain.

was most filled with glorious achievementand most graced by duties done.

PORTSMOUTH. 31 JANUARY 1941