Second Midterm Review
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Transcript of Second Midterm Review
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SECOND MIDTERM REVIEWCS 580Human Computer Interaction
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Question 1
What is Paradigm?
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Paradigm Definition• The way you see something• Your point of view• Frame of preference or belief• The way we understand and interpret the world• It’s like a map in our head
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Question 2
The paradigm describes reality, not only one aspect of reality
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Answer 2 • Correction: The paradigm does not necessarily describe
reality, and at best only describes one aspect of reality.
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Question 3
What is paradigm shift?
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Paradigm Shift• Paradigm shift is the way of looking at something differently
• A paradigm shift is a sudden change in point of view.
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Question 4
What was the initial paradigm in Computers and what was its paradigm shift
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Initial Paradigm in Computers and its Paradigm Shift
The initial paradigm is Batch processingAnd the paradigm shifts were Timesharing
and Networking
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Question 5 What is the definition of Computer Supported
Cooperative Work (CSCW)
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Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
• Software tools and technology to support groups of people working together on a project
• Example: Electronic Mail
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Question 6
DefineThe World Wide Web (WWW)
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The World Wide WebAll the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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Question 7 What is Ubiquitous Computing?
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Ubiquitous Computing• Definition: information processing integrated into everyday
objects and activities. • The word ubiquitous mean "existing everywhere."
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Question 8
What is Context-aware Interaction?
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Context-aware InteractionContext-aware is linking changes in the environment with computer systems
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Question 9
What is design in HCI?
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Design in HCI• It is a process:
a goal-directed problem solving activity informed by intended use, target domain, materials, cost, and likelihood
a creative activitya decision-making activity to balance trade-offs
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Question 10
List the Interaction Design activities
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Interaction Design activities 1. Identifying needs and creating requirements
2. Developing alternative designs
3. Building interactive versions of the designs like a prototype
4. Evaluating designs
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Question 11
List the Design Interaction Issues
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Design Interaction Issues1. Who are the users?
2. What are ‘needs’?
3. Where do alternatives come from?
4. How do you choose among alternatives?
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Question 12
How to know your users?
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Know you USERS
who are they? talk to them watch them use your imagination
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Question 13
Who are the USERS/STAKEHOLDERS?
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USERs/STAKHOLDERs
1. those who interact directly with the product2. those who manage direct users3. those who receive output from the product 4. those who make the purchasing decision 5. those who use competitor’s products
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Question 14
How to specify your user’s needs?
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User’s Needs• Look at existing tasks:
1. their context, eg. background, situation, …
2. what information do they require?
3. who collaborates to achieve the task?
4. why is the task achieved the way it is?
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Question 15
How do you generate alternatives?
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How do you generate alternatives?1. ‘Skill and creativity’: research & creation
2. Seek inspiration: look at similar products or look at very different products
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Question 16Seeking inspiration can be done by looking at
similar products or looking at very different products
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Answer 16
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Question 17
List the steps in process design?
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Design Process1. requirements2. analysis3. design4. repetition and prototyping5. implementation and deployment
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Question 18
What are scenarios in design?
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Scenarios• stories for design
• communicate with others• validate other models• express dynamics
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Question 19What are tools that can be used for screen design
and layout
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Design Tools• grouping of items• order of items • decoration - fonts, boxes etc.• alignment of items• white space between items
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Question 20
What is affordance?
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AffordanceVisual clue to a function of an object
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Question 21Choose the good design and give reasons
Topic
Body
Topic
Body
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Question 22What is Prototyping
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PrototypingDemonstration of the final production design
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Question 23
What is Software Engineering?
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Software EngineeringThe discipline for understanding the software
design process, or life cycle
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Question 24 Give examples of lifecycle models from software
engineering perspective and from HCI perspective
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Answer 24• from software engineering: waterfall, spiral, iterative
• from HCI: Star, usability engineering
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Question 25What are the phases in software lifecycle
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Software Lifecycle Phases• Requirements phase• Specification phase• Design phase• Implementation phase• Integration or “testing” phase• Maintenance phase
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Question 26What’s the difference between requirements and
design
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Answer 25Requirements Design
Statements of what the system should do (or what qualities it should have)
A description of how we will implement a solution
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Question 26What’s the difference between verification and
validation
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Verification and Validation Verification Validation
designing the product right
designing the right product
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Question 26What are the Flaws (FAULTS) of the Waterfall
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Flaws (FAULTS) of the Waterfall
• Need iteration and feedback• Inflexible• Doesn’t emphasis risk, quality, and prototyping
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Question 26What’s the advantage of spiral model over
waterfall model
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Spiral Model• Spiral model emphasize the following:
Risk analysis Prototyping Iterative framework allowing ideas to be checked and evaluated
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Question 27What are the techniques used for prototyping?
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Techniques for Prototyping• Storyboards
• need not be computer-based• can be animated
• Limited functionality simulations• some part of system functionality provided by designers
• Warning about iterative design• design inactivity – early bad decisions stay bad• diagnosing real usability problems in prototypes….
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Question 28What is the definition of Design Rationale
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Design RationaleDesign Rationale is information that explains why
a computer system is the way it is.
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Question 29Design for usability goal is to know how easy is the design for people to use, learn to use, recall how
to use the system
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Answer 29
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Question 30
What are the usability objectives
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Usability Objectives1. Identify Usability and User Experience goals.2. Apply usability rules and guidelines for
designing human-computer interaction.3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
and design considerations of four types of user interaction mechanism: menus, form fill-in, command language, and direct manipulation.
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Question 31
What are the principles of usability
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Principles of Usability• Learnability• Flexibility• Robustness
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Question 32
What are the principles of learnability?
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Principles of Learnability1. Predictability2. Synthesizability3. Familiarity4. Generalizability5. Consistency
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Question 33
What is Dialogue Initiative
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Dialogue initiative• Dialogue initiative is when the system allows the user to interact with it by granting the user total access without restrictions or constraints
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Question 34
What is the definition of Multi-threading
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Multi-threading .
Multi-threading allows the user to work on different sites or applications at the same time.
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Question 35
What does Migratability mean
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MigratabilityIt refers to the transfer of control for execution of
tasks between system and user.
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Question 36
What does SUBSITIUIVITY mean
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SUBITIUVITYIt is about the layout of the input or output that the
user requires from the system.
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Question 37
What does Customizability
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CustomizabilityIt is how a user or the system changes the user
interface.Example: hotmail interface
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Question 38How can you ensure the ROBUSTNESS
(Strength) of the system
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ROBUSTNESS principles1. Observability2. Recoverability3. Responsiveness4. Task conformance
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Question 39