Second-Generation Current Controlled Conveyorkuntman/Y_lisans/ele509e/... · 2011. 11. 20. ·...
Transcript of Second-Generation Current Controlled Conveyorkuntman/Y_lisans/ele509e/... · 2011. 11. 20. ·...
Se
co
nd
-Ge
ne
ra
tio
nC
ur
re
nt
lld
()
Co
ntr
oll
ed
Co
nv
ey
or
(CC
CII
)
Ha
ka
nK
un
tma
n14
. 12
.20
09
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•Severalcurrent modefiltersusingcurrent
conveyorshave
beenproposedin
!theliterature.!
•However,
mostof these
filterssufferfrom
the
lack
ofelectronicadjustability.
of electronic
adjustability.
•A!current mode!filtertheoretically!shouldexhibit!
hih
tti
dt
bl
high!output!im
pedance
!to!enable
!easy
!
cascadability
•to
!enable
!additionalfilterresponses!by!sim
ply
!
connecting!the!outputs.
gp
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•By!using!the!second generation!current!
controlled!conveyor!(CCCII)!introducedbyFabre
!
et al.
(1995),
current conveyor applications can
be
extended
to
the
domainof!electronically!y
adjustable
!functions.
!
•Electronic
!adjustability!of!the!CCCII!is
!attributed
hd
dfh
ii
ito
!the!dependence
!of!the!parasitic!resistance
!at!
port
!x on
the
bias current of thecurrentconveyor.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Modelingofparasiticresistance
of!X!term
inal,!ideal
voltagebufferandseriesparasiticresistance
RX
I
VV
RY
XX
!
I X
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•Theinputresistance
RXat!term
inal!x!is
!
proportional!to
!1/I
Ofor!BJT
realizations!
pp
il
fCMOS
lii
•proportional!to
!forCMOS!realizations!
•It!is!possible
!tocontrol!its!value!by!changing!
thbi
itI
the!biasing!currentIO.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Electrical symbol of the
CCCII.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
hl
if
CCC
bh
id
•The!port
!relations!of!a!CCCII!can!becharacterized!
by
•where
thepositive
signdenotesapositive
current
•where
!the!positive
!sign!denotes!a!positive
!current!
controlled!conveyor!(CCCII+)!andthe!negative
!
signdenotesanegative
currentcontrolled
sign!denotes!a!negative
!current!controlled!
conveyor!(CCCII! ).
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•The!conveyor!x input!im
pedance
!is!calculated!
asforbipolarCCCII!realization
p
2IV
I
VV
RT
YX
X!
!
•where
!VTis
the
therm
al voltage.
2I
Io
X
g
•The!x
input!im
pedance
!can!be!controlled!by
thbi
tI
thebiascurrentIo.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
BipolarRealizationcircuitof!CCCII.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Fil
ter
Re
ali
za
tio
ne
mp
loy
ing
se
co
nd
-i
lld
ge
ne
ra
tio
nc
ur
re
nt-
co
ntr
oll
ed
co
nv
ey
or
s
S.M
ina
ei,
O.
Cic
eko
glu
,H.
Ku
ntm
an
, S
. T
ürk
öz,
“H
igh
ou
tpu
t im
ped
an
ce
Sa
e,
OC
ceo
gu
,u
ta
,S
üö
,g
ou
tpu
tp
eda
cecu
rren
t-m
od
e lo
wp
ass
, b
an
dp
ass
an
d h
igh
pa
ssfi
lter
su
sin
g c
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
co
nv
eyo
rs”,
IN
T.
J.
EL
EC
TR
ON
ICS
, 2
00
1, V
OL
. 8
8,
NO
. 8
, 9
15-
92
29
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•Thecircuitof!Figure
(a) comprises one
CCCII+,
two
capacitors
and
one
resistor
p
•realizesbandpass
Filterat!high!output!
impedance
impedance.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•The!Filtershown!inFigure
3(b) uses one
CCCII+,
two
capacitorsand!one!resistor!for!realizing!
pg
lowpassFilterat!high!output!im
pedance.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•Thethirdcircuit!shown!
inFigure
(c) employs
g()
py
two
CCCII+, tw
o
capacitorsandone
capacitors
andone!
resistor,
hh
•produces!highpass
response
!at!high!
output!im
pedance.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
hi
ii
i()
di
()
il•The!circuits!inFigure
(a) and
Figure
(c)can!easily
!
be!converted!to!voltage in!current out!circuits!
•Transadmittance
typefilterby!taking!the!
Theveninequivalent!of!the!signal!source.!
•The!m
odifiedconfigurationcan!be!used!to!
interface
!voltage!m
ode!filtersto
!current!mode!
ones.
!
•All!of!theproposed!filtersare
!attractive!for!
pp
integrated!circuit!implementation!for!sm
all!values
of!thecapacitors.
p
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Sim
ulationresults
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Th
filt
iltd
ithPSPICE
iit
ilti
•The!filtersare
!sim
ulated!with!PSPICE!circuit!sim
ulation!
program.!
•The!CCCII+!issimulated!using!the!bipolarim
plementation!
gp
pwith!symmetricalDC!supplyvoltages!of!2,5V.!
•The!PNP!and!the!NPN
!transistors
!in!CCCII+im
plementation!
are
simulatedusingtheparametersoftheNR100Nand
are
simulated!using!the!parameters
!of!the!NR100N
!and!
PR100N
!bipolar!transistorsgiven!in!table
!1.!
•The!bandpassfilteris
!designed!to!realize
!a!filterresponse
pg
pwith!a
!quality
!factor!of!Q
=2.19
and
natural frequency
of fo
=139.5
kHz.
•Thelowpassandhighpassfiltersare
designedto
realize
a•
Thelowpassand!highpassfiltersare
!designed!to!realize
!a!
Butterw
orth!type!filterresponse
(Q =0.707) with
a natural
frequency
of fo
=173.1
kHz.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Theoretical!and!sim
ulated!bandpassresponses.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Theoretical!and!sim
ulated!lowpassresponse.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Theoretical!and!sim
ulated!highpassresponse.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Variation!of!the!natural!frequency
!fowith
the
bias current Io
for the
bandpassfilter.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•The!variability!of!the!natural!frequency
!fowith
thebiascurrentIoforthebandpassfilter
the
bias currentIo
for the
bandpassfilter.
•It
can
be
seenthat!the!circuit!exhibits!a!large!
tuningrange
tuning!range.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Hig
hF
re
qu
en
cy
Ap
pli
ca
tio
ns
Hig
hF
re
qu
en
cy
Ap
pli
ca
tio
ns
Y L
k B
Gd
A F
b “
Cit
i
d E
td
Ci
ti P
t A
•
Y.
La
ky
s, B
. G
od
ara
, A
Fa
bre
, “C
og
nit
ive
an
d E
ncr
yp
ted
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
ns,
Pa
rt2
: A
N
ew A
pp
roa
chto
Act
iveF
req
uen
cy-A
gil
eF
ilte
rsa
nd
Va
lid
ati
on
Res
ult
sfo
ra
n A
gil
eB
an
dp
ass
To
po
log
yin
SiG
e-B
iCM
OS
”, P
roc.
of
EL
EC
O’2
00
9:
Th
e6
th I
nte
rna
tio
na
lC
on
fere
nce
on
Ele
ctri
cal
an
dE
lect
ron
ics
En
gin
eeri
ng
, V
ol.
2,
pp
.16
-29
, 5
-8
gg
,,
pp
9,
5N
ov
emb
er,
Bu
rsa
, T
urk
ey.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•T
he
circ
uit
s w
ere
inte
gra
ted
in
0.2
5
mS
iGe
BiC
MO
Ste
chn
olo
gy
fro
m
ST
Mi
lt
i
ST
Mic
oel
ectr
on
ics.
•T
he
tra
nsi
tio
n f
req
uen
cy o
f th
e N
PN
tra
nsi
sto
rs i
n t
his
tech
no
log
y i
s 5
5
GH
z; t
he
ver
tica
l P
NP
tra
nsi
sto
rs h
av
e fT
Po
f 6
GH
zG
Hz;
th
e v
erti
cal
PN
P t
ran
sist
ors
ha
ve
fTP
of
6 G
Hz.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
•T
he
circ
uit
in
clu
des
th
ree
curr
ent
con
tro
lled
co
nv
eyo
rsw
ith
po
siti
ve
curr
ent
tra
nsf
er f
rom
X t
o Z
(C
CC
II+
).•T
he
sect
ion
co
nv
eyo
r (1
, 2
), c
ap
aci
tor
C1
an
d c
ap
aci
tor
C2
is
equ
iva
len
t to
a s
hu
nt
RL
C c
ircu
it.
Th
(
Q)
d
i
ill
i
f
hli
•T
he
con
vey
or
(Q),
con
nec
ted
as
a n
ega
tiv
e re
sist
an
ce;
all
ow
s tu
nin
g o
f th
eq
ua
lity
fa
cto
r o
f th
e fi
lter
th
rou
gh
th
e b
ias
curr
ent
IQ.
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
hi
lF
urt
her
Bip
ola
rS
tru
ctu
res
Neg
ati
ve
(in
ver
tin
g)c
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
curr
ent
con
vey
or
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Fh
Bi
lS
Fu
rth
erB
ipo
lar
Str
uct
ure
s
Neg
ati
ve
(in
ver
tin
g)c
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
curr
ent
con
vey
or
wit
hco
mp
ensa
ted
Neg
ati
ve
(in
ver
tin
g)c
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
curr
ent
con
vey
or
wit
hco
mp
ensa
ted
ba
secu
rren
t
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Fh
Bi
lS
Fu
rth
erB
ipo
lar
Str
uct
ure
s
Po
siti
ve
an
dn
ega
tiv
eco
nv
eyo
rsem
plo
yin
gca
sco
de
curr
ent-
mir
rors
Po
siti
ve
an
dn
ega
tiv
eco
nv
eyo
rsem
plo
yin
gca
sco
de
curr
ent-
mir
rors
Second GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
CM
OS
SC
MO
S S
tru
ctu
res
Rx=
(gm102+
gm104+
gmbs102+
gmbs104)!1
(g
102+g
104)!1
(g
m102+
gm104)
)1
(//
)1
(//
rr
R!
!)
I (
//
)I
(//
rr
RO
PO
N
24
d34
O!
!
CM
OS
po
siti
ve
(no
nin
ver
tin
g)
co
nv
eyo
rC
MO
S p
osi
tiv
e(n
on
inv
erti
ng
) c
on
vey
or
Second
!GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
CM
OS
St
tC
MO
S S
tru
ctu
res
CM
OS
ti
(iti
)
CM
OS
neg
ati
ve
(in
ver
tin
g)
co
nv
eyo
r
Second
!GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
CM
OS
Str
uct
ure
s
Rx=
(gm102+
gm104+
gmbs102+
gmbs104)!1
(g
m102+
gm104)!1
).r
.rg(
)//
.r.r
g(R
ds3
4ds3
3m
3ds2
4ds2
3m
3O!
Po
siti
ve
con
vey
or
emp
loy
ing
casc
od
e cu
rren
t-m
irro
rs
Second
!GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
CM
OS
Str
uct
ure
s
Neg
ati
ve
con
vey
or
emp
loy
ing
casc
od
e cu
rren
t-m
irro
rs
Second
!GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Re
fer
en
ce
sR
efe
re
nc
es
•S
.Min
aei
, O
. C
icek
og
lu,H
. K
un
tma
n,
S.
Tü
rkö
z, “
Hig
h o
utp
ut
imp
eda
nce
cu
rren
t-m
od
e lo
wp
ass
, b
an
dp
ass
an
d h
igh
pa
ssfi
lter
su
sin
g c
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
co
nv
eyo
rs”,
In
tern
ati
on
al
Jo
urn
al
of
Ele
ctro
nic
s, 2
00
1, V
ol.
88
, N
o.
8,
915
-92
2•
S M
ina
ei O
Cic
eko
glu
H K
un
tma
na
nd
S T
ürk
öz
“E
lect
ron
ica
lly
Tu
na
ble
Act
ive
On
ly F
loa
tin
g
•S
. M
ina
ei,
O.
Cic
eko
glu
, H
. K
un
tma
na
nd
S.
Tü
rkö
z,
Ele
ctro
nic
all
y T
un
ab
le A
ctiv
e O
nly
Flo
ati
ng
In
du
cta
nce
sim
ula
tio
n”,
In
tern
ati
on
al
Jo
urn
al
of
Ele
ctro
nic
s, 2
00
3,
Vo
l.8
9,
No
. 12
, p
p.
90
5-9
12.
•D
.Y.
Ka
ym
ak
, K
on
tro
llu
akõm
ta õ
yõcõl
ard
a p
erfo
rma
ns
iyil
e t
irm
e ça
lõ m
ala
rõ,
M.S
c. T
hes
is,
!sta
nb
ul
Tec
hn
ica
lU
niv
ersi
ty,
Inst
itu
teo
f S
cien
cea
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
, 2
00
1.
•Y
. L
ak
ys,
B.
Go
da
ra,
A F
ab
re,
“Co
gn
itiv
e a
nd
En
cry
pte
d C
om
mu
nic
ati
on
s, P
art
2:
A N
ew
hi
ilil
dli
di
lf
ild
lA
pp
roa
chto
Act
iveF
req
uen
cy-A
gil
eF
ilte
rsa
nd
Va
lid
ati
on
Res
ult
sfo
ra
n A
gil
eB
an
dp
ass
To
po
log
yin
SiG
e-B
iCM
OS
”, P
roc.
of
EL
EC
O’2
00
9:
Th
e6
th I
nte
rna
tio
na
lC
on
fere
nce
on
Ele
ctri
cal
an
dE
lect
ron
ics
En
gin
eeri
ng
, V
ol.
2,
pp
.16
-29
, 5
-8 N
ov
emb
er,
Bu
rsa
, T
urk
ey.
•A
bu
elm
a’a
tti,
M.
T.,
an
d T
asa
dd
uq
, N
. A
., 1
99
8,
“A n
ov
el s
ing
le-i
np
ut
mu
ltip
le-o
utp
ut
curr
ent-
mo
de
curr
ent-
con
tro
lled
un
iver
sal
filt
er”,
Mic
roel
ectr
on
ics
Jo
urn
al,
29
,9
01-
90
5.
,,
9,
99
5•
Ab
uel
ma
’att
i, M
. T
., a
nd
Ta
sad
du
q,
N.
A.,
19
98
, “N
ew c
urr
ent-
mo
de
curr
ent-
con
tro
lled
filt
ers
usi
ng
th
e cu
rren
t-co
ntr
oll
ed c
on
vey
or”
,In
tern
ati
on
al
Jo
urn
al
of
Ele
ctro
nic
s, 8
5,
48
3±
48
8.
•A
lam
i, M
., a
nd
Fa
bre
, A
., 1
99
1, “
Inse
nsi
tiv
e cu
rren
t-m
od
e b
an
dp
ass
filt
erim
ple
men
ted
fro
mtw
o
curr
ent
con
vey
ors
”,E
lect
ron
ics
Let
ters
, 2
7,
89
7-
89
9.
Ah
i P
Nl
D
d A
d C
“
Ali
i
f f
ii
•
Aro
nh
ime,
P.,
Nel
son
, D
., a
nd
Ad
am
s, C
., 1
99
0,
“Ap
pli
cati
on
s o
f a
fir
st-g
ener
ati
on
cu
rren
tco
nv
eyo
rin
cu
rren
tm
od
eci
rcu
its”
, E
lect
ron
ics
Let
ters
, 2
6,
145
6-
145
7.
•C
ha
ng
, C
. M
., 1
99
1, “
Cu
rren
t m
od
e a
llp
ass
/no
tch
an
d b
an
dp
ass
filt
eru
sin
g s
ing
le C
CII
”,
Ele
ctro
nic
s L
ette
rs.
27
, 18
12-1
813
.•
Ch
an
g C
M 1
99
3 “
Cu
rren
t m
od
e lo
wp
ass
ba
nd
pa
ssa
nd
hig
hp
ass
biq
ua
ds
usi
ng
tw
oC
CII
s”
Ch
an
g,
C.
M.,
19
93
, C
urr
ent
mo
de
low
pa
ss,
ba
nd
pa
ssa
nd
hig
hp
ass
biq
ua
ds
usi
ng
tw
oC
CII
s,
Ele
ctro
nic
sL
ette
rs,
29
, 2
02
0-
20
21.
Second
!GenerationCurrentControlled
Conveyor(CCCII)
Ch
C M
Ch
i C
C
d W
H Y
“
Ui
l ti
t
filt
ii
l
•C
ha
ng
, C
. M
., C
hie
n,
C.
C.,
an
d W
an
g,
H.
Y.,
19
93
, “U
niv
ersa
l a
ctiv
e cu
rren
t fi
lter
su
sin
gsi
ng
le
seco
nd
-gen
era
tio
n c
urr
ent
con
vey
or
”,E
lect
ron
ics
Let
ters
, 2
9,
115
9-1
160
.
•F
ab
re,
A.,
Ma
rtin
, F
., a
nd
Ha
na
fi,
M.,
19
90
, “C
urr
ent
mo
de
all
pa
ss/n
otc
h a
nd
ba
nd
pa
ssfi
lter
sw
ith
red
uce
d s
ensi
tiv
itie
s”,
Ele
ctro
nic
s L
ette
rs,
26
, 14
95
-14
96
.
•F
ab
re,
A.,
Sa
aid
, O
., a
nd
Ba
rth
elem
y,H
., 1
99
5,
“On
th
e fr
equ
ency
lim
ita
tio
n o
f th
e ci
rcu
its
ba
sed
o
n s
eco
nd
gen
era
tio
n c
urr
ent
con
vey
ors
”,A
na
log
In
teg
rate
d C
ircu
its
an
d S
ign
al
Pro
cess
ing
, 7
, 11
3-
129
.
•F
ab
re,
A.,
Sa
aid
, O
., W
iest
, F
., a
nd
Bo
uch
ero
n,
C.,
19
95
, “C
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
ba
nd
pa
ssfi
lter
ba
sed
F
ab
re,
A.,
Sa
aid
, O
., W
iest
, F
., a
nd
Bo
uch
ero
n,
C.,
19
95
, C
urr
ent
con
tro
lled
ba
nd
pa
ssfi
lter
ba
sed
o
n t
ran
slin
ear
con
vey
ors
”,E
lect
ron
ics
Let
ters
, 3
1, 1
72
7-1
72
8.
•F
rey
, D
. R
., 1
99
3,
“Lo
g-d
om
ain
fil
teri
ng
: a
n a
pp
roa
ch t
o c
urr
ent-
mo
de
filt
erin
g”,
IEE
Pro
ceed
ing
s-G
, C
ircu
its,
Dev
ices
an
d S
yst
ems,
14
0,
40
6-4
16.
Hi
hi
M
d F
ki
Y 1
99
0 “
Rli
ti
f t
d
llt
k
i
•H
iga
shim
ura
, M
., a
nd
Fu
ku
i,Y
., 1
99
0,
“Rea
liza
tio
n o
f cu
rren
t m
od
e a
llp
ass
net
wo
rks
usi
ng
acu
rren
t co
nv
eyo
r”,
IEE
E T
ran
sact
ion
s o
n C
ircu
its
an
d S
yst
ems.
37
, 6
60
-66
1.
•K
ha
n,
I. A
., a
nd
Za
idi,
M.
H.,
20
00
, “M
ult
ifu
nct
ion
tra
nsl
inea
r-C
cu
rren
t-m
od
e fi
lter
”,
Inte
rna
tio
na
l J
ou
rna
l o
f E
lect
ron
ics,
87
, 10
47
-10
51.
•L
iu,
S.
I.,
Tsa
o,
H.
W.,
an
dW
u,
J.,
19
90
, “C
asc
ad
ab
lecu
rren
t-m
od
esi
ng
leC
CII
biq
ua
ds
”,
Ele
ctro
nic
s L
ette
rs,
26
, 2
00
5-2
00
6.
•R
ob
erts
, G
. W
., a
nd
Sed
ra,
A.
S.,
19
89
, “A
ll c
urr
ent-
mo
de
freq
uen
cy s
elec
tiv
e ci
rcu
its
”,
Ele
ctro
nic
sL
ette
rs,
25
, 7
59
-76
1.le
cto
nic
s et
tes,
5
, 7
59
76
.