Second Exam: Thursday 30 October 2014 Covers Chapters 4 (part), 5 , 8, 9, and 10
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Transcript of Second Exam: Thursday 30 October 2014 Covers Chapters 4 (part), 5 , 8, 9, and 10
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Second Exam: Thursday 29 OctoberCovers Chapters 5, 8, 9, and 10Lectures 10 to 19 plus Agriculture Global Warming The Vanishing Book of Life on Earth Plastics Intelligent Design?The Weakest Link TechnologyEconomics
Lecture # 1722 October 2015
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Sexual Selection
Mating Preferences
Certainty of Maternity, uncertainty of paternity Competition for the best mates of the opposite sex Sex that invests the most is the most choosy about mates Jealousy, Desertion, Cuckoldry
Epigamic selection (intersexual, between the sexes)“Battle of the sexes”
Natural selection produces a correlation between male genetic quality and female preference
“Sexy son” phenomenon (females cannot afford to matewith males that are not attractive to other females)
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Sexual Selection Mating Preferences
Drosophila subobscura
Inbred versus outbred male flies differed in viable sperm counts.Females mated to inbred males laid an average of only 264 eggs,whereas females mated to outbred males laid 1134 fertile eggs.
Within an hour, virgin females exposed to outbred males mated 90%of the time but only 50% of those exposed to inbred males matedduring the first hour. Female side-step dance courtship display.
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Sexual SelectionMating Preferences Mate Choice Experiments
Nancy Burley Nancy Moran
BlueCheck
Blue Bar
Ash Red
>>
Columba livia
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Sexual Selection
Mating PreferencesSex that invests the most is the most choosy about matesCompetition for the best mates of the opposite sexJealousy, Desertion, CuckoldryCertainty of Maternity, Uncertainty of PaternityEpigamic selection (intersexual, between the sexes)“Battle of the sexes”Natural selection produces a correlation between male genetic quality and female preference“Sexy son” phenomenon (females cannot afford to mate with males that are not attractive to other females)
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Sexual Selection
Mating PreferencesSex that invests the most is the most choosy about matesCompetition for the best mates of the opposite sexJealousy, Desertion, CuckoldryCertainty of Maternity, Uncertainty of PaternityEpigamic selection (intersexual, between the sexes)“Battle of the sexes”Natural selection produces a correlation between male genetic quality and female preference“Sexy son” phenomenon (females cannot afford to mate with males that are not attractive to other females)
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Mating Systems Promiscuity
Monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
Polygyny threshold: minimal difference in male territory quality that
is sufficient to favor bigamous matings by females
Long-billed Marsh Wren
Jared Verner
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Jacana, Lily Pad Walker -- Polyandry
Polygyny threshold: minimal difference in male territory quality that
is sufficient to favor bigamous matings by females
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b = Polygyny threshold
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etzelputed to bemorphic
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Male Peacock, a victim of female mating preference
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Leks
Runaway Sexual Selection (Fisher)
Handicap Hypothesis (Zahavi)
Sensory Exploitation Hypothesis (Ryan)
Alternative mating tactics
Internal versus External Fertilization
Satellite males
Ecological Sexual Dimorphisms
Bower birds
Ratites
Bushland tinamou
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Dinosaur fossils suggest that male parental care could be ancestral in birds
If so, ratites could have retained the ancestral state
And, if so, then female care and biparental care would be derived conditions
A male of the medium-sized predatory dinosaur Troodon (North America late Cretaceous) brooding a large clutch of eggs. Female archosaurs extract substantial amounts of calcium and phosphorus from their skeletal tissues during egg formation. Histologic examination of cross sections of bones (femur, tibia, and a metatarsal bone) from an adult Troodon found in direct contact with an egg clutch revealed little evidence of bone remodeling or bone resorption,
suggesting that the bones were those of a male. Fossilized remains of Troodon and two other types of dinosaurs found with large clutches of eggs suggest that males, and not females, protected and incubated eggs laid by perhaps several females (Credit: Bill Parsons)
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20
111
3
4
56
7
916
11
13
1514
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Red-eyed Vireo