SECOND ASEAN PLUS THREE HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION 25 TH -29 th SEPTEMBER 2006
description
Transcript of SECOND ASEAN PLUS THREE HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION 25 TH -29 th SEPTEMBER 2006
11
SECOND ASEAN PLUS THREE SECOND ASEAN PLUS THREE HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR ON HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR ON POVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
2525THTH -29 -29thth SEPTEMBER 2006 SEPTEMBER 2006
THE MINISTRY OF RURAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (MRRD)THE MINISTRY OF RURAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (MRRD)
MALAYSIAMALAYSIA
22
POVERTY ALLEVIATION: POVERTY ALLEVIATION: MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCEMALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE
33
OUTLINEOUTLINE ObjectiveObjective IntroductionIntroduction 1. Brief on Malaysia1. Brief on Malaysia 2. Poverty in Malaysia2. Poverty in Malaysia 3. Rural Transformation in Malaysia3. Rural Transformation in Malaysia Poverty Reduction Policies, Strategies Poverty Reduction Policies, Strategies
and Programs in Malaysiaand Programs in Malaysia Achievements of Poverty Eradication Achievements of Poverty Eradication
ProgramsPrograms Key Success Factors Key Success Factors ConclusionConclusion
44
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE To present the Malaysian experience To present the Malaysian experience
in poverty reduction that could be in poverty reduction that could be shared among the member shared among the member countries of ASEAN Plus Three countries of ASEAN Plus Three
55
MALAYSIA IN THE WORLDMALAYSIA IN THE WORLD
MALAYSIA
66
MAP OF MALAYSIAMAP OF MALAYSIA
Area = 330,242 sq. kmPopulation 2003 = 24.5 million1. Indigenous Group – 66.1%2. Chinese -25.3%3. Indian – 7.4%4. Others – 1.2%
Peninsular
Sarawak
Sabah
77
DEFINITION OF POVERTYDEFINITION OF POVERTY Absolute PovertyAbsolute Poverty- Lack of income to acquire minimum Lack of income to acquire minimum
necessities of lifenecessities of life- Poverty Line Income (PLI) – a minimum Poverty Line Income (PLI) – a minimum
income level needed by a household to income level needed by a household to meet its basic expenditure on food and meet its basic expenditure on food and non-food, required for a decent non-food, required for a decent standard of livingstandard of living
- PLI (2004): PLI (2004): Peninsular Malaysia – RM661/US$174Peninsular Malaysia – RM661/US$174
Sabah – RM888/US$233Sabah – RM888/US$233 Sarawak – RM765/US$201Sarawak – RM765/US$201
88
Cont..Cont..
Relative PovertyRelative Poverty- Linked to the notion of income disparity Linked to the notion of income disparity
between groupsbetween groups- Measured by Income Disparity Ratios Measured by Income Disparity Ratios
between groupsbetween groups- Examples: The top 20 and bottom 30% Examples: The top 20 and bottom 30%
of the population or between the of the population or between the various ethnic groups or between the various ethnic groups or between the urban and rural dwellersurban and rural dwellers
99
1957 1971 1994 2000 2010 2020
FIRSTTRANSFORMATION
(1957-1994)
SECONDTRANSFORMATION
(1994 – 2020)
PRE-NEPGrowth
Focus on Basic and Minimum Needs at Grassroots Level
Agriculture the Prime Economic Activities
RED Book Implementation & Monitoring system
NEP :Growth with Equity
Creation of New Agencies
Aggressive Poverty Redressal
New Land Development/In-Situ
Subsidised Services
NDP :Balance Growth
Streamlining and Rationalizing of Roles of Agencies
Commercialization of Agriculture/Market Driven Approach
Relative Poverty/ Focus on Hardcore Poverty
NVP :Sustainable Development
To Create a Rural Setting that is Developed, Attractive and Profitable
Reduction of Poverty and eradication of Hardcore poverty
Focus on Human and Economic Development
MALAYSIA : EVOLUTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENTMALAYSIA : EVOLUTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
NPSRDTowards
2020. . . ..1991
1010
THE 7 INITIATIVES UNDER THE SECOND RURAL TRANSFORMATION
Nurturing Excellent IndividualsStrengthening the Well-being of Family InstitutionsDeveloping a Resilient SocietyProviding Quality Infrastructure, utilities & amenitiesDeveloping a Sustainable EconomyProviding Effective Delivery SystemDeveloping Institutional Framework which are Responsive to Changes
1111
POLICIES AND STRATEGIESPOLICIES AND STRATEGIES Increase opportunities for inter-Increase opportunities for inter-
sectoral movements of the poor from sectoral movements of the poor from low productivity to higher low productivity to higher productivity economic activitiesproductivity economic activities
Increase the productivity and income Increase the productivity and income of low productivity occupations of low productivity occupations through skill training, adoption of through skill training, adoption of modern techniques and facilities and modern techniques and facilities and using higher yieldingusing higher yielding
1212
CATEGORIES OF POOR HOUSEHOLDSCATEGORIES OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS
PoorPoor- Households who earned a monthly Households who earned a monthly
income less than the specified PLIincome less than the specified PLI
Hardcore poorHardcore poor- Households whose earned monthly Households whose earned monthly
income less than the specified for the income less than the specified for the hardcore poor (food PLI)hardcore poor (food PLI)
1313
MALAYSIA: INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND HARDCORE POVERTY, 2004 MALAYSIA: INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND HARDCORE POVERTY, 2004
STATESTATEPOORPOOR HARDCORE POORHARDCORE POOR
UrbanUrban RuralRural OverallOverall UrbanUrban RuralRural OverallOverallJohorJohor 1.01.0 4.24.2 2.02.0 0.20.2 0.50.5 0.30.3KedahKedah 3.03.0 9.89.8 7.07.0 0.50.5 1.81.8 1.31.3KelantanKelantan 8.38.3 11.811.8 10.610.6 0.80.8 1.51.5 1.31.3MelakaMelaka 1.81.8 1.81.8 1.81.8 0.20.2 0.30.3 0.20.2Negeri SembilanNegeri Sembilan 0.30.3 2.52.5 1.41.4 -- 0.40.4 0.20.2PahangPahang 1.11.1 5.65.6 4.04.0 0.20.2 1.61.6 1.01.0Pulau PinangPulau Pinang 0.10.1 0.70.7 0.30.3 -- -- --PerakPerak 2.22.2 9.59.5 4.94.9 0.20.2 2.62.6 1.11.1PerlisPerlis 5.25.2 6.96.9 5.35.3 1.61.6 1.81.8 1.71.7SelangorSelangor 0.70.7 3.73.7 1.01.0 -- 0.40.4 0.00.0TerengganuTerengganu 10.910.9 20.420.4 15.415.4 2.92.9 5.95.9 4.44.4W.P. Kuala LumpurW.P. Kuala Lumpur 1.51.5 0.00.0 1.51.5 0.20.2 -- 0.20.2Peninsular MalaysiaPeninsular Malaysia 1.71.7 7.97.9 3.63.6 0.20.2 1.61.6 0.70.7Sabah & LabuanSabah & Labuan 12.912.9 35.635.6 23.023.0 2.42.4 11.611.6 6.56.5SarawakSarawak 1.71.7 12.912.9 7.57.5 0.10.1 2.12.1 1.11.1 MalaysiaMalaysia 2.52.5 11.911.9 5.75.7 0.40.4 2.92.9 1.21.2
Source: Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department
1414
POVERTY POVERTY REDUCTION REDUCTION
PROGRAMMESPROGRAMMES
IN-SITU IN-SITU DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATING INTEGRATING AGRICULTURAL/AGRICULTURAL/DOWNSTREAMDOWNSTREAMPROCESSINGPROCESSING
DOUBLE DOUBLE CROPPING, CROPPING,
INTER-CROPPINGINTER-CROPPINGAND MIXED AND MIXED
FARMINGFARMING
FARMERS’ MARKETSFARMERS’ MARKETSIN URBAN CENTERS IN URBAN CENTERS
TO ENABLETO ENABLE
INCORPORATE INCORPORATE TRAININGTRAINING
SUPPORT FACILITIESSUPPORT FACILITIES
RESETTLEMENTRESETTLEMENT
POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMMESPOVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMMES
1515
INCOME INCOME GENERATIG GENERATIG PROGRAMPROGRAM
SKILL SKILL
TRAINING &
TRAINING &
CAREER
CAREER
DEVELOPMET
DEVELOPMET
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
MIND-SET MIND-SET CHANGE CHANGE
PROGRAMPROGRAM
HOUSING
HOUSING
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
PROGRAMDIETARY DIETARY
FOOD FOOD SUPPLEMENT SUPPLEMENT
PROGRAMPROGRAM
COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY
RESETTLEMENT
RESETTLEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
CHILD CHILD NURSERY NURSERY
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMPROGRAM
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PEOPLE’S WELL-BEING DEVELOPMENT SCHEMEPEOPLE’S WELL-BEING DEVELOPMENT SCHEME
PROGRAMMESPROGRAMMES
1616
DATA BANK FOR HARDCORE DATA BANK FOR HARDCORE POORPOOR
Hardcore Poor Registry (on-line Hardcore Poor Registry (on-line computerized Hardcore Poor Profile)computerized Hardcore Poor Profile)
The Right Targeting and Matching of The Right Targeting and Matching of profile and project (based on needs)profile and project (based on needs)
Streamlining all the assistance by Streamlining all the assistance by various Ministries and Agencies various Ministries and Agencies
1717
ACHIEVEMENTS OF POVERTY ACHIEVEMENTS OF POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMSERADICATION PROGRAMS
19701970 19901990 20002000 20022002 20042004Incidence Of PovertyIncidence Of Poverty 58.758.7 21.821.8 7.57.5 5.15.1 5.75.7
No. of Poor No. of Poor HouseholdsHouseholds
705.9705.9 530.3530.3 360.1360.1 267.9267.9 311.3311.3
Incidence of Incidence of Hardcore PovertyHardcore Poverty
-- 5.25.2 1.41.4 1.01.0 1.21.2
No. of Hardcore No. of Hardcore Poor HouseholdsPoor Households
-- -- 66.066.0 52.952.9 67.367.3
Total HouseholdsTotal Households 1,203.41,203.4 2,431.92,431.9 4,800.04,800.0 5,220.65,220.6 5,459.45,459.4
Notes: The increase in 2004 due to revision on PLI measurement
1818
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES UTILITIES
Rural Water Supply (92%-99%) Rural Water Supply (92%-99%) coveragecoverage
Rural Electricity (78%-99%) coverageRural Electricity (78%-99%) coverage Village Roads (35,551 km)Village Roads (35,551 km) Rural Roads (1,000 km)Rural Roads (1,000 km)
1919
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORSCRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORSPolitical and economic stabilityFull commitment of the political and administrative leaders- Continuous budgetary support- Administrative machinery geared for developmentRural development and poverty eradication are integral and critical components of national development planClear and explicit policy statements.Clear identification of target groups, clear matching of programmes and needs of target groupsGovernment plays the leading role in rural development and at the same time encourages private and NGO sectors involvement.
2020
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Balance development – strong and Balance development – strong and real emphasis on equitable real emphasis on equitable distribution of development benefitsdistribution of development benefits
Target-specific - addressing issues on Target-specific - addressing issues on the pockets of povertythe pockets of poverty
The philosophy of development, The philosophy of development, growth with equity is integrated in all growth with equity is integrated in all the Malaysian development policies.the Malaysian development policies.
2121
Thank You