Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch...
Transcript of Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch...
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Proper&esofMa,erSec$on2
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Essen&alQues&ons
Whatarephysicalandchemicalproper$es?
Whatarethedifferencesandsimilari$esofphysicalandchemicalchanges?
Howdoesthelawofconserva$onofmassapplytochemicalchanges?
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ReviewVocabulary
boilingpoint:thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheexternalpressureac$ngonthesurfaceoftheliquid
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NewVocabulary
physicalproperty
physicalchange
dis$lla$on
lawofconserva$onofmass
chemicalproperty
chemicalchange
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PhysicalProper&esYoucanstretcharubberband,butyoucannotstretchapieceofstringmuch,ifatall.Youcanbendapieceofwire,butyoucannoteasilybendamatchs$ck.Theabili$estostretchandtobendsubstancesarephysicalproper$es.Theiden$tyofthesubstances—rubber,string,wire,wood—doesnotchange.Anycharacteris$cofamaterialthatyoucanobservewithoutchangingtheiden$tyofthesubstanceisaphysicalproperty.Someexamplesofphysicalproper$esarecolor,shape,size,density,mel$ngpoint,andboilingpoint.
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PhysicalChange
TedKinsman/Scien
ceSou
rce
Physicalproper$escanchangewhilecomposi$onremainsfixed.Ifyoutearapieceofchewinggum,youchangesomeofitsphysicalproper$es—itssizeandshape.However,youhavenotchangedtheiden$tyofthematerialsthatmakeupthegum.
Whenasubstance,suchaswater,freezes,boils,evaporates,orcondenses,itundergoesaphysicalchange.Achangeinsize,shape,orstateofmaMerinwhichtheiden$tyofthesubstanceremainsthesameiscalledaphysicalchange.
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ChemicalProper&esandChemicalChangesYouhaveprobablyseenwarningsoncansofpaintthinnerandlighterfluidforcharcoalgrillsthatstatetheseliquidsareflammable(FLAmuhbuhl).Thetendencyofasubstancetoburn,calleditsflammability,isanexampleofachemicalproperty.Anycharacteris$cofamaterialthatyoucanobservethatproducesoneormorenewsubstancesisachemicalproperty.Flammabilityisachemicalpropertybecauseburningproducesnewsubstances.Asaresult,achemicalchange,alsocalledachemicalreac$on,hasoccurred.Manyothersubstancesusedaroundthehomeareflammable.Knowingwhichonesareflammablehelpsyoutousethemsafely.
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ChemicalProper&esandChemicalChangesAlessdrama$cchemicalchangecanaffectsomemedicines.Lookatthefigurebelow.YouhaveprobablyseenboMleslikethisinapharmacy.ManymedicinesarestoredindarkboMlesbecausethemedicinescontaincompoundsthatcanchemicallychangeiftheyareexposedtolight.
BrianHa
giwara/Food
Pix/Ge
MyIm
ages
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Detec&ngChemicalChangeThesmellofroMeneggsandtheforma$onofrustonbikesandcarfendersarealsosignsthatachemicalchangehastakenplace.Achangeofonesubstancetoanotherisachemicalchange.Bubbleforma$onproducedbythefoamingofanantacidtabletinaglassofwaterisasignofnewsubstancesbeingproduced.Insomechemicalchanges,arapidreleaseofenergy—detectedasheat,light,andsound—isacluethatchangesareoccurring.Adisplayoffireworksinthenightskyisanexample.Thefigureaboveillustratesanothervisualclue—theforma$onofasolidprecipitate.
Andrew
Lam
bert/LeslieGarland
PictureLibrary/Alamy
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WeatheringGeologists,whousethesamecriteriathatyouhavelearnedinthischapter,saythatsomeweatheringchangesarephysicalandsomearechemical.
(t)©
JimZuckerm
an/Corbis,(b
)PeteTurner/Iconica/G
eMyIm
ages
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TheConserva&onofMassMassisnotgainedorlostduringanychemicalchange.Infact,maMerisneithercreatednordestroyedduringachemicalchange.Accordingtothelawofconserva&onofmass,themassofallsubstancesthatarepresentbeforeachemicalchange,knownasthereactants,equalsthemassofallofthesubstancesthatremainaZerthechange,whicharecalledtheproducts.
TheLawofConserva&onofMasstotalmassofthereactants=totalmassoftheproducts
MaM
Meado
ws/
McG
raw-HillEdu
ca$o
n
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elementD
conserva$onC
physicalB
chemicalA
Whattypeofpropertyisrepresentedbytheillustra$on?
Assessment
1.
CORRECT
STOCK
4B/agefo
tostock
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mel$ngD
evapora$onC
burningB
boilingA
Whichisanexampleofachemicalchange?
Assessment
2.
CORRECT
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physicalpropertyD
chemicalpropertyC
physicalchangeB
chemicalchangeA
Supposeyoustarttoeatsomepotatochipsfromanopenbagthatyoufoundinyourlockerandno$cethattheytasteunpleasant.Whatprocessresultedinthisunpleasanttaste?
Assessment
3.
CORRECT
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physicalpropertyD
chemicalpropertyC
physicalchangeB
chemicalchangeA
Howwouldyoudescribetheprocessofevapora$ngfreshwaterfromseawater?
Assessment
4.
CORRECT
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ShakeWellD
FlammableC
SharpObjectB
FragileA
Whichofthesewarningsreferstoachemicalpropertyofthematerial?
Assessment
5.
CORRECT
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forma$onofasolidprecipitateD
rustC
forma$onofbubblesB
brokenglassA
Whichofthefollowingisevidencethataphysicalchangehasoccurred?
Assessment
6.
CORRECT