SEC Operator Workshop on the Margin lLst

The Margin List‘An Introduction for

Market Operators’

An Applied Logic Workshop Adapted for the Securities and Exchange Commission

Aspects of Guidelines Needing Application

Market Situation• Market peaked in 2008 at N 12.640 trillion. Subsequently collapsed to the

current N8.612 trillion (cushioned by DCE[N2.0t])• 2010 was the first positive change in the ASI at +18.9% since then• Market collapse partially caused by excessive/unregulated use of margin

loans• AMCON recently disclosed that margin loans represent 40% of toxic assets

amounting to as much as N414 billion in its first phase of asset repair• Became clear that systems and understanding of margin activity was

inadequate from an operator, financier and regulator perspective• SEC/CBN introduced Margin Guidelines in 2010 to address this. The

guidelines are a set of 27 rules to address various aspects of margin transactions

• Rules 22A/B introduce a margin list which is meant to be at the heart of margin activity. The rule also mandates SEC to produce the list

What is the Margin List• A set of listed companies that meet the criteria in rule 22 of the

guidelines• These companies would be used to determine “margin credit”• Determination of “margin credit” being different from “trading on

margin”• Based on principle that only the most liquid companies should be

allowed to be used to determine margin credit provided the company is not on the exclusion list

• Prior to the issuance of Margin Guidelines all securities irrespective of liquidity/trading history were allowed to be used in determining margin credit

• Margin list to be provided by SEC and published jointly by SEC/CBN

Margin Guidelines DataRequirements – Rule 22

Criteria and CalculationCriteria Mode of Storage Calculation3 month average Daily trading volume Average of volumetrading volume going back at least for three months from

3 months present day

10 day average Feed of Above Average of volumetrading volume for 10 days from

present day

Market Capitalization Shares oustanding Shares outstandingand Daily market price X Market Price

Trading more than 12 Daily trading history If trading is > 12months for each company going months include in selection

back at least 12 months pool

Sector Each company stored Banking Sector Excludedand sorted by sector from selection pool

Market Price Store daily price against Feed from market priceeach company field

Margin Guidelines Data Requirements – Rule 22

Required Data, Sources and Associated CriteriaData Source Affected CriteriaDaily Volumes Offi cial List (Nigeria 3 month and 10 day

Stock Exchange) average trading volume

Shares outstanding Annual reports Market Capitalization(Registrars, brokers,Companies, etc)

Market Price Offi cial List (Nigeria Daily Market PriceStock Exchange) Market Capitalization

Trading History Offi cial List (Nigeria Evidence trading moreStock Exchange) than 12 months

Sector 1. Offi cial List (Nigeria Exclusion of BanksStock Exchange)2. Annual reports(Registrars, brokers,Companies, etc)

Nature of the List

Summary

• Rotates between 30-40 companies depending on market trading profile

• Three categories of companies; 1) Stable trading profile so always in the list; 2) Fluctuating trading profile within the list – always in list but profile changes relative to peers; and 3) Fluctuates in and out of the list determined by price, volume or other parameters

Managing the List• Inclusion would require monitoring by the

Commission• New additions to the list would need to maintain

position in the list for at least 3 months before inclusion

• Companies to be excluded would be allowed 3 weeks to be effective to allow for portfolio adjustments

• Multiple movements in and out of the list would require exceptional arrangements at the discretion of SEC

Sample List

Uses of the List

Margin Guidelines (List)

• Rule 8 - For margin loans and margin lending, the margin requirement shall be 50% of the total purchase price of the securities or group of securities or as may be adjusted by the Central Bank of Nigeria from time to time.

• Implications: Margin Credit/Loan in an account is capped at the value of the marginable securities in that account

Illustration 1 – Margin CreditPortfolio of Marginable SecuritiesStock Shares Price (13/04/2011) Value CreditOando 25,000.00 67.80 1,695,000 847,500 Transnational 15,000.00 1.66 24,900 12,450 PZN 11,000.00 27.28 300,080 150,040 Total 2,019,980 1,009,990

Illustration 2 – Margin Credit

Portfolio of Non-Marginable SecuritiesStock Shares Price (13/04/2011) Value CreditAfribank 10,000 1.75 17,500 - UBA 20,000 8.09 161,800 - GTBank 50,000 15.20 760,000 - Total Value 939,300 -

Illustration 3 – Margin Credit

Portfolio of Marginable and Non-Marginable SecuritiesStock Shares Price (13/04/2011) Value CreditOando 25,000 67.80 1,695,000 847,500 Transnational 15,000 1.66 24,900 12,450 UBA 20,000 8.09 161,800 - GTBank 50,000 15.20 760,000 - Total Value 2,641,700 859,950

Rule 9 B• Only marginable securities shall be used

to meet a “Reg C” call • This suggests only companies on the

margin list to be used to meet a margin call

• However there are companies not on the list with enough volume to meet a margin call

• Example of Such Companies: UBA, Zenith Bank, Japaul, etc

Rule 13

• To determine the excess equity in a margin account, subtract the Reg C requirement (based on the current market value of the securities) from the equity in the account.

Calculation of Excess EquityPortfolio of Marginable and Non-Marginable SecuritiesStock Shares Price (13/04/2011) Value CreditOando 25,000 67.80 1,695,000 847,500 Transnational 15,000 1.66 24,900 12,450 UBA 20,000 8.09 161,800 - GTBank 50,000 15.20 760,000 - Total Value 2,641,700 859,950

Calculating Excess Equity

Portfolio of Marginable and Non-Marginable Securities Purchase on CreditStock Shares Price (13/04/2011) Value Credit Shares Total Value Credit Used New CreditOando 25,000 67.80 1,695,000 847,500 3,687 1,945,000 250,000 972,500 Transnational 15,000 1.66 24,900 12,450 150,602 274,900 250,000 137,450 UBA 20,000 8.09 161,800 - 30,902 411,800 250,000 - GTBank 50,000 15.20 760,000 - 16,447 1,010,000 250,000 - Total Value 2,641,700 859,950 3,641,700 1,000,000 1,109,950

Rule 19 c – Minimum Equity

• Customers must maintain a minimum equity of 25% of the Long Market Value (LMV) of the margin account. This means that equity must not fall below 25% of the current market value of the securities in the account. If the account equity falls below 25% of the LMV then the account owner will be issued a “maintenance call”. The maintenance call will be issued for the difference between the approved maintenance equity level and the current equity level. Internal guide lines of Banks and Broker/ Dealers can increase the maintenance level for equity in a margin account but they cannot reduce it. When a maintenance call is made the call must be met immediately. It can be met by depositing cash or fully paid up marginable securities.

Rule 19c – Tracking Minimum Equity

Portfolio of Marginable and Non-Marginable Securities Purchase on CreditStock Shares Price (13/04/2011) Value Credit Shares Total Value Credit Used New CreditOando 25,000 11.00 275,000 137,500 22,727 525,000 250,000 262,500 Transnational 15,000 1.66 24,900 12,450 150,602 274,900 250,000 137,450 UBA 20,000 1.00 20,000 - 250,000 270,000 250,000 - GTBank 50,000 1.00 50,000 - 250,000 300,000 250,000 - Total Value 369,900 149,950 1,369,900 1,000,000 399,950

Equity Value 369,900 Equity 27%

Rule 21 – Marginable Securities

• Marginable securities are securities that have been approved by CBN and SEC to be traded on margin in consonance with these Rules and Regulations. The CBN and SEC shall determine, approve, and SEC shall publish the approved list of marginable securities, “The Margin List”, every month.

Rule 21 – Marginable Securities

• The Compliance officers of a Securities Exchange, Banking institutions and Broker/Dealers shall ensure that securities that are traded in a margin account for which a margin facility has been extended are securities that are contained on the approved margin list

• Differentiating between securities to be used to determine margin credit and securities traded in a margin account

CBN Use of the Margin List

Implied Bank Margin ProfileBank NET LOANS

N'M1 ACCESS BANK PLC. 494,432.00 2 DIAMOND BANK PLC 355,952.00 3 ECOBANK NIGERIA PLC 237,107.00 4 FIRST CITY MONUMENT BANK PLC. 318,169.00 5 FIDELITY BANK PLC 281,079.00 6 FIRST BANK OF NIG. PLC 1,133,490.00 7 GUARANTY TRUST BANK PLC. 681,757.00 8 STANBIC IBTC BANK PLC 255,585.00 9 SKYE BANK PLC 494,452.00

10 STERLING BANK PLC. 163,540.00 11 U B A PLC 596,457.00 12 UNION BANK NIG.PLC 183,490.00 13 UNITY BANK PLC 121,975.00 14 WEMA BANK PLC 46,253.00 15 ZENITH BANK PLC 816,793.00

NET LOANS TOTAL 6,180,531.00 NET LOANS TOTAL*10% 618,053.10

Excludes Citibank, Standard Chartered

Implied Margin CapacityNSE Baskets and Cap %

Margin Cap/Total Cap Daily Traded Value(3 months) Volume(3 Month) Volume(10 Day )A 93.76 Chidozie 411,064,090 8,275,122.43 3,956,555.40 B 9.61 Chidozie 17,450,540 6,098,381.76 6,612,799.80 C 8.60 Emma 26,423,740 27,224,743.23 19,806,434.10 D 7.10 Emma 7,043,768 1,067,249.10 1,864,362.70 E 91.00 Emma 110,610,693 2,445,381.38 1,671,908.80 F 65.12 ? 80,614,709 160,912.00 212,289.90 G 81.53 ? 105,260,195 8,615,271.90 7,705,674.90 H 49.28 ? 74,655,551 5,322,860.40 4,866,212.70 I 35.97 ? 31,446,223 951,615.95 1,642,801.70 J 97.22 ? 48,366,618 2,255,551.80 3,041,192.10

Total 912,936,127 62,417,089.95 51,380,232.10

54,776,167,620

12 weeks

Summary Conclusions• Margin list defines the size of the market for

margin transactions• Derives from daily market activity reflecting

markets absorptive capacity• Provides direction for CBN oversight• Provides basis for evaluation of the 10% cap

on bank exposure to margin activity• Could build bank and trader confidence in

market participation

NSE for Market Makers

Basket A

Marginable Basket A

Companies on the Margin List Market Cap(N'M)Daily Trading Value

(Avg 3mts)National Salt Co. Nig. Plc 16,162 5,069,172.65 Nigerian Breweries Plc 1,058,779 266,469,845.60 Okomu Palm Plc 17,552 12,777,095.79 Ihs Plc 10,296 87,619.19 Honeywell Flour Mill Plc 16,812 1,234,656.56 Total 1,119,600 285,638,389.80

Basket B

Marginable Basket B


(Avg 3mts)

Nigerian Aviation Handling Co. Plc 8,741 4,270,570.72 Cadbury Nigeria Plc 70,814 29,378,001.46 Total 79,555 33,648,572.18

Basket C

Marginable Basket C


(Avg 3mts)UACN Plc 69,215 21,471,880.95 Transnational Corporation Of Nigeria Plc 26,072 20,339,691.20 Total 95,287 41,811,572.15

Basket D

Marginable Basket D


(Avg 3mts)Ashaka Cement Plc 30,860 14,618,746.16Total 30,860 14,618,746.16

Basket E

Marginable Basket E


(Avg 3mts)Guiness Nigeria Plc 383,481 64,168,041.60 Julius Berger Nigeria Plc 34,560 4,244,528.74 Mobil Oil Nigeria Plc 41,468 5,938,626.45 Dangote Flourmill Nigeria Plc 38,550 13,211,853.15 Betaglass Company Plc 4,765 380,487.16 Total 502,824 87,943,537.09

Basket F

Marginable Basket F


(Avg 3mts)Nestle Nigeria Plc. 459,741 82,082,661.40Total 459,741 82,082,661.40

Basket G

Marginable Basket G


(Avg 3mts)Flour Mills Nig Plc 158,578 29,196,426.05 Unilever Nigeria Plc 145,695 36,413,608.41 Total Nigeria Plc 44,138 28,967,733.60 Dangote Sugar Refinery Plc 58,800 22,189,446.11 Forte Oil Plc 11,883 1,233,995.62 Total 419,094 118,001,209.79

Basket H

Marginable Basket H


(Avg 3mts)PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc 98,825 21,335,872.52 Oando Plc 31,292 34,717,084.20 7-up Bottling Comp. Plc 24,983 2,517,637.20 Nigerian Bags Manufacturing Co. Plc 11,995 5,409,178.11 Presco Plc 15,450 7,529,569.71 Total 182,545 71,509,341.74

Basket I

Marginable Basket I


(Avg 3mts)Lafarge Wapco Plc 165,058 24,398,045.69 MRS Oil Nigeria Plc 8,201 267,994.41 Glaxo smithkline Consumer Nig Plc 34,441 24,888,198.24 Total 207,701 49,554,238.33

Basket J

Marginable Basket J


(Avg 3mts)Dangote Cement Plc 1,981,129 38,884,771.85 Conoil Plc 14,351 2,424,790.18 UACN Property Development Co. Ltd 69,215 21,471,880.95 Custodian and Allied Insurance Plc 6,682 2,439,127.87 Mansard Plc 19,400 4,270,685.58 Total 2,090,778 69,491,256.43

Market Maker Pilot – Sept 18Market Maker Basket Company Selected Higher Vol. Company (3months)Vetiva Capital A Nigerian Breweries Plc* NilFBN Securities B Zenith Bank Plc NilGreenwich Securities B DN Meyer Plc Cadbury Plc, Nigerian Aviation Handling Co.WSTC C UACN Plc* / GTB Plc NilEss/Dunn Loren Merrifield E Fidson / Redstar Express Dangote Flour MillsStanbic IBTC Stockbrokers F Diamond Bank Plc / FCMB Plc NilRencap Securities G Fidelity Bank Plc Nil

Capital Bancorp LTD H Presco Plc*/ PZ Cussons Plc*/ Nigerian Bag Mfg Plc*Oando is higher than Presco/PZ Cussons but less than Nigerian Bag Manufacturing Plc

CSL Stock Brokers I Lafarge WAPCO Plc* / International Breweries Plc*GlaxoSmithKline is higher than Lafarge WAPCO but less than International Breweries Plc

Future View Securities J Sterling Bank Plc Nil

Notes:*On the Margin List7 out of 16 are on the list.5 out of 16 are banksNo company was selected from Basket D

Pilot Observations• Basket D exclusion, are there implications?• Are baskets exclusive or inclusive?• Composition of baskets – volume, volume value,

marginability, banks, penny stocks, capitalization• Bank inclusion (market making), Exclusion

(marginability)• 4 market makers pick exclusively companies on the

list• WSTC selected combination bank and marginable

security (only market maker to do so)

Importance of Analytics

52 week high and low

Dividend History

Historical Prices

Volumes

Price Trends

The Oversight Architecture

Summary Conclusions• NSE may need to take a periodic look at the composition

of its baskets’ of securities• Market makers need to build specialist skills in individual

securities• Liquidity requirements need to be based on absorptive

capacity• Internal rules on exposure to margin loans would need

to be developed – intra or inter day• Back office arrangements for administration of margin

accounts needs coordination – CSCS?

[email protected]

SEC Operator Workshop on the Margin lLst

Economy & Finance

Transcript of SEC Operator Workshop on the Margin lLst