Chapter 1The World Before 1500

Section 2

Societies of Africa

Essential Question:• What were the most important ways in which the African and

Native American civilizations that existed before 1500 A.C.E were similar?

• Similarities1. Organized Religions2. Capital cities3. Astronomy/Moon Calendars4. Large Complex Soc.5. Warfare6. Slavery7. Isolation8. Trade9. Adaptation to Environment

Sentence Strips

1. How is my quote related to the essential question?

2. Why is this information important? (analysis)• This information is very important because…• This information is some what important because…• This information is not very important because…

I. One African’s Story

• A. Who was Mansa Musa?– 1st Islamic Emperors– Person of Knowledge and

power– Mali, west Africa– $

• B. Unpacking the primary source– What do Mansa Musa’s

words teach us about history?

African Kingdoms Before 1200

Key Question: How did Africa’s three geographic zones influence the development of early

societies?

II. African Kingdoms Before 1200

A. Geography and Culture

1. Sahara Desert

2. Savanna

3. Transitional Zone

4. IslamDessertDesert SavannaMosque

Think-Write-Pair-Share

• Brain Storm: Key words about Islam.

• During our last class, I learned ________.– During our last class, I learned that some mosques

are decorated with designs of flowers.

• I would like to know ______(question phrase, who, what, when, where, why.)– I would like to know where there is a mosque in San

Mateo.

Islam: History and Teachings1. What does

the word Islam mean?

2. Who was Muhammad?

3. Why was Muhammad exiled?

4. Why is the city of Mecca important?

5. What is the Koran?

6. Describe the design of a Mosque.

7. Where can Muslims be found?

8. What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Language For Class Discussions: Reporting Someone Else’s Idea

• Casual Conversation English– Said that…– Told me that…

• Formal Spoken and Written English– _____ (name) pointed out that…– _____ (name) indicated that…– _____ (name) observed that…– _____ (name) emphasized that– According to ___ (name)….

– Juan pointed out that Islam means, “submission to God.”

The 5 Pillars of Islam

1. Shahada: Testimony and declaration of faith

• � إال إله ال أن أشهدأن أشهد و الله

الله رسول محمد

The 5 Pillars of Islam

2. Salah: Prayer

The 5 Pillars of Islam

3. Zakat: Charity to the poor

The 5 Pillars of Islam

4. Saum: Fasting during Ramadan

The 5 Pillars of Islam

5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca

II. African Kingdoms Before 1200

B. West African Kingdoms

1. Ghana• Location: Near to Niger river• Control trade routes

2. Mali• Mansa Musa

Reader Journal• Profitable

– prof·it·able – adjective

• Word in Context: – “The slave trade was a well established and profitable business.” Textbook p.

15

• Predicted Meaning

• Related word forms:– prof·it (noun or verb)

• I earned a profit.• I will profit from my effort.

– prof·it·abil·i·ty (noun)• The profitability of coffee is high.

– prof·it·ably (adverb)• The manager ran the restaurant profitably.

Sentence Starter• Brainstorm (make a quick list) things (nouns) that bring a benefit or earn

money.

• Noun Word Bank– Education– Narcotics– Money– Jobs– Usury/

• _____ (noun phrase) is/are profitable because…– Fast food is profitable because it is convenient and tastes good.

• They _____ (verb phrase) _____ (noun phrase) profitably.– They import Persian rugs profitably.

• Noun Word Bank

– Education

– Narcotics

– Money/Usury

– Prostitute/prostitution

– Jobs

III. Later African Kingdoms

A. War and Slavery

1. Af. Sell Af. In2 Slvr.

2. Euros buy Af. Take to Amrcs.

3. 21st Century slavery

III. Later African Kingdoms

• By the 1400’s…– Warfare for land, crops, goods– Capture instead of Kill enemies = slaves

• Often, kingdoms went to war…– Fought to enlarge population– Strong men for farming & army

• By the late 1400’s…– Slave trade with Europe

Venn Diagram

• Compare (Similar)

• Contrast (Different)

Warfare in the Americas and Africa

AfricaAmericas

Imagery and Descriptive Writing

• Descriptive words to create a sensory experience, appealing to the senses.

• Includes sights, sounds, textures, smells, tastes

• Vivid, clear images

• Use similes

Imagery and Descriptive Writing

• Stephen dropped his fork.

• Poor Stephen, who just wanted a quick meal to get through his three-hour biology lab, quickly dropped his fork on the cafeteria tray, gagging with disgust as a tarantula wiggled out of his cheese omelet, a sight requiring a year of therapy before Stephen could eat eggs again.

Travel Description

• Imagine you are traveler in West Africa. Write a short description of your travels including the natural terrain and the people you encounter.

1. Saharan trade route2. West African port city3. European port city4. Central African river