Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third generation biobased ... · Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third...

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Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third generation biobased fuels and chemicals Jaap W. van Hal Presented at the European Algae Biomass Conference, 25-26 April 2012, London, United Kingdom July 2012 ECN-L--12-044

Transcript of Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third generation biobased ... · Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third...

Page 1: Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third generation biobased ... · Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third generation biobased fuels ... generation biobased fuels and chemicals ... vanhal@ecn.nl

Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third generation biobased fuels

and chemicals

Jaap W. van Hal

Presented at the European Algae Biomass Conference, 25-26 April 2012, London, United Kingdom

July 2012 ECN-L--12-044

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www.ecn.nl

Seaweed Biorefinery: towards third

generation biobased fuels and chemicals

Jaap W. van Hal

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2012-04-26

Parts of seaweed plant

Holdfast

Stipe

Blade

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Does not compete with food

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No land use issues

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Bio-Offshore

• Seaweed cultivation area

5.000 km2 (<10 % of the NL

area of the North Sea @

57.000 km2)

• Integration with off-shore

wind parks & (other)

aquaculture operations

• Energy potential up to 350

PJth (25 Mton dry biomass

per year)

• ECN-C—05-008

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Why seaweeds

• Does not compete with food

• Does not compete with any other land use

• Grows in cold seawater

• The fastest growing biomass at our latitude

- The Netherlands is as far north as New

Foundland

• Biochemical composition: complementary (for

fuel/chemicals production) to micro-algae

- Comprised of carbohydrates, protein and ash

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Foto: M. Bartosch

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ECN (570)

NRG (370) COVIDIEN (290)

JRC-IE (275)

Petten: energy research campus

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R&D units

Solar energy Wind energy Policy

Studies

Biomass and

Energy

Efficiency

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Sustainable energy technology to the market

• Bivkin, gasifier

• Olga, tar removal

• Green Gas and CHP (Milena, Olga)

• Torrefaction demo and commercialisation

• Marga aerosol and gas sampler

• Automatic Colum leaching test

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National research project: seaweed

biorefinery (EOS LT 08027)

• ECN (Project coordinator)

- Irish Seaweed Center

• Wageningen University Food and Biobased

Research (WUR-FBR)

• Wageningen University Plant Research

International (WUR-PRI)

• ATO-NH (Technology transfer company)

• Process Groningen BV (Digestion)

• Project 1-9-09 until 1-9-2013

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Is a biorefinery worth it?

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Conceptual Process

Raw

Seaweed

Processing Primary

Biorefinery

Sugars

Proteins

Minerals

Mannitol

Alginate

Fucoidan

Laminarin

Furanics

Butanol

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Process synthesis

• To determine the maximum allowable raw material cost

• Compare different biorefinery options

• Identify profit drivers

• Methodology

- Determine market value of potential products

- Determine mass balance

- Estimate CAPEX and OPEX

- Estimate gross revenue per product

- Evaluate market size vs plant output

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Three Cases Estimated

• Full biorefinery

• Alginate only

• Simplified biorefinery

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Product Spectrum

Product Estimated Value (€/ton, 2010)

Mannitol (as sorbitol) 1,500

Fumaric acid (as adipic acid) 1,600

Fucoidan (as detergent) 2,900

1-Butanol (chemical grade) 1,200

Ethanol (fuel grade) 600

Protein 1,000

Fertilizer (as ore) 350

Furanics 800

Alginates 3,000

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Profit Drivers (for a 330 kta plant)

Product Kta % of gross

Mannitol 35.3 21%

Fucoidan 16.2 19%

Butanol 18.3 9%

Ethanol 18.3 5%

Fumaric acid 18.3 11%

Protein 41.6 17%

Fertilizer 77 12%

Furanics 52 17%

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Maximum Raw materials cost vs. Pay Out Times

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2 5 10

Pay Out Time (Years)

Ma

xim

um

ra

w m

ate

ria

ls c

ost

(Eu

ro/t

on

d.w

.

se

aw

ee

d

Full Biorefinery simplified biorefinery Alginate Production

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Pre-

cultivation

on Land

Planting at

SeaCultivation Harvesting Transport

Primary

Bio-

Refinery

Secondary

Bio-refinery

Products

and Energy

SBIR EOS LT

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Offshore Seaweed Cultivation

Project

The Ecofys Test Module

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© ECOFYS | |

Design of the test module 1

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© ECOFYS | |

Location of the test module

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Seaweed species native to the North Sea

Laminaria saccharina Laminaria digitata

Ulva sp.

Laminaria hyperborea

(Perez)

Alaria esculenta (Irish

Seaweed Centre)

Palmaria palmata

(AWI)

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Rehydrated Laminaria

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Laminaria Digitata

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Su

ga

r %

Mannitol Laminarin

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Fractionation

Water +

Seaweed

Optional

Catalyst

Liquid

Solid

T: 20-160 °C

t: 10 min-4 h

Liquid:Solid = 0-10%

Cat: none or acid

• After reaction, separation by centrifugation (10

min, 4000 rpm) and separation of the phases.

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Digestion results

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0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

400%

450%

Microalgae Seaweed low Seaweed high Cow manure Whole sugar beet

Normalized methane production

Normalized methane production

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Summary

• Large potential for using seaweed as sustainable

biomass supply

• Seaweed farm (1 km2) for rent (noordzeeboerderij)

• Seaweed is a excellent source of (specialty)

carbohydrates

• Seaweeds digests well (to methane)

• Seaweed carbohydrates can be fermented to

chemicals and fuels

• Selective extraction of carbohydrate molecules

appears technically feasible

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Question?

Further information

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Jaap W. van Hal

The Energy Research Center of the Netherlands (ECN)

Biomass, coal and environmental research

Transportation fuels and chemical

P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten

+31-(0)224-564297

[email protected]

www.ecn.nl

http://seaweed.biorefinery.nl

http://www.noordzeeboerderij.nl/

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Seaweed biorefinery process concept

Raw

Seaweed

Processing Primary

Biorefinery

Sugars

Proteins

Minerals

Fermentation

Chemical

Conversion

Energy

Carriers

Bulk

Chemicals

Residues

Energy

Conversion

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