►Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and basic principles associated with the climate of India.

►Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian monsoon.

►Study the climate of India through the understanding and analysis of local climate.

►Explore the causative factor of the spatial variations in the climate of the country.

►Understand and analyze the variation of climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.

►Make students aware of the change in climate (global warming) at local level to understand it at national and global level.

►Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and basic principles associated with the climate of India.

►Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian monsoon.

►Study the climate of India through the understanding and analysis of local climate.

►Explore the causative factor of the spatial variations in the climate of the country.

►Understand and analyze the variation of climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.

►Make students aware of the change in climate (global warming) at local level to understand it at national and global level.

Variations In Climate

Varied land forms features

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATEFACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE

•The Himalayan Mt.•The Himalayan Mt.

•Surrounding Seas•Surrounding Seas

•Distance from Sea•Distance from Sea

•Relief Features•Relief Features

Factors Affecting Climate of India The Himalayas• In winters act as a

barrier against the bitterly cold winds from the Arctic .

• In summer they trap the monsoon winds and bring rain to India.

THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIERTHE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER

Mo

nso

on

Win

d

Mo

nso

on

Win

d

Mo

nso

on

Win

d

Mo

nso

on

Win

d

Co

ld W

aveC

old

Wave

Co

ld W

ave

Co

ld W

ave

Monsoo

n Wind

Monsoo

n Wind

Monsoo

n Wind

Receives high rainfall

Receives low rainfall

RELIEFRELIEF

Western G

hat Mt.

Western slopes of the Western Ghats get very heavy rain fall.

Places to the East receive low rain fall.

MUMBAIMUMBAI

CHENNAICHENNAI

KOLKOTAKOLKOTA

DELHIDELHI

SIMLASIMLA

DISTANCE FROM SEADISTANCE FROM SEA

Coastal areas have moderate climate where as Interior parts have extreme climate.

Coastal areas have moderate climate where as Interior parts have extreme climate.

RHYTHM OF SEASONSRHYTHM OF SEASONS

COLD WEATHERCOLD WEATHER

RETREATING MONSOONRETREATING MONSOONHOT WEATHERHOT WEATHER

SOUTH WEST MONSOONSOUTH WEST MONSOON

► It extends from December to February.

► Average temperature in the Northern Plains is between 10° C and 15°C

► North India experiences intense cold.

► .There is light rainfall during winter.

► This is caused by Cyclonic storms which originate from the Mediterranean sea and Travel towards India These winds are WESTERN DISTURBANCE

► Occasional tropical cyclone visit eastern coast in this season.

Winter Season

• They cause heavy snowfall in the Himalayas and rain in the plains.

Ganga

Delta

Northern Plain

WIND DIRECTION- WINTERWIND DIRECTION- WINTER

Tropical cyclone

WINTER RAINFALLWINTER RAINFALL

RAINFALL DUE TO WESTERN

DISTURBANCES

RAINFALL DUE TO NORTH EAST

WIND

The Summer Season Summmer starts from April and lasts till June.

Northern Plains record highest temperature.

Deccan is comparatively cooler

The hot dry wind LOO blows over Northern Plains.

Kalbaisakhi Occurs in West Bengal and Assam.

Mango showers occur in Karnataka and Kerala

SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASONSOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON

► It extends from June to September.

► Intense heating in north west India creates low pressure region.

► Low pressure attract the wind from the surrounding region.

► After having rains for a few days sometime monsoon fails to occur for one or more weeks is known as break in the monsoon.

► It extends from June to September.

► Intense heating in north west India creates low pressure region.

► Low pressure attract the wind from the surrounding region.

► After having rains for a few days sometime monsoon fails to occur for one or more weeks is known as break in the monsoon.

HIGH TEMPERATURELOW PRESSURE

EQUATOR

MONSOON WINDMONSOON WIND

SE Tra

de

SE Tra

de

SE Tra

de

SE Tra

de

Arabian sea Branch

Arabian sea Branch

Bay of Bengal Branch

Bay of Bengal Branch

ONSET OF SW MONSOONONSET OF SW MONSOON

1st J

une

5th Ju

ne10

th June

15th J

une

1st J

uly

15th Ju

ly

► It extends from October to November.

► In October the temperature starts dropping there is LOW PRESSURE ZONE in Northern India and cannot attract monsoon winds.

► The south -west winds retreat gradually.

► They blow from land to sea.

► They do not cause any rain except in Tamilnadu.

► ure region shift from northern parts of India towards south.

► Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’

► It extends from October to November.

► In October the temperature starts dropping there is LOW PRESSURE ZONE in Northern India and cannot attract monsoon winds.

► The south -west winds retreat gradually.

► They blow from land to sea.

► They do not cause any rain except in Tamilnadu.

► ure region shift from northern parts of India towards south.

► Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’

RETREATING MONSOON SEASONRETREATING MONSOON SEASON

LOW PRESSURE

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALLDISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

> 200cm

100-200cm

50-100 cm

< 50cm

► Broadly ,India can be divided into Four rainfall regions

► Very heavy rainfall

► heavy rainfall

► moderate rainfall

► scanty rainfall

Very heavy rainfall regions:more than 200cm

Of rain in a year.

• the Western Coastal Plains

• The western slopes of theWestern Ghats.

• Most of the northeastern states.

Heavy rainfall regions :between 100to 200cm of rain in a year.

• The Ganga plains in Bihar and West Bengal.

• The Himalayan region.• The Northwestern part of

the Peninsular Plateau• Parts of the Western

Ghats.• The east coast and the

north east India

Moderate rainfall region:Annual rainfall between 50—100cm

• The upper Ganga plain• Eastern Rajasthan

Punjab Haryana and Soutern Kashmir

• Parts of the Deccan Plateau –Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh& Tamilnadu.

Scanty rainfall region lessthan 50 cm

• Western Rajasthan Southern Punjab and Northern Gujarat.

• Eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.

• Northern Parts of Kashmir.

HOT WEATHER SEASONHOT WEATHER SEASON

March 300CMarch 300C

April 380CApril 380C

May 480CMay 480C

LOOLOO

KALBAISAKHIKALBAISAKHI

BARDOLI CHHEERHABARDOLI

CHHEERHA

MANGO SHOWERMANGO

SHOWER

BLOSSOM SHOWER

BLOSSOM SHOWER

STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASONSTORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON

FAQFAQ

Rhythm of SeasonsRhythm of Seasons

TEMPERATURE- JULYTEMPERATURE- JULY

200C

250C

300C

20 0C

300C

25 0C

30 0C

CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIACLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA

► India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area.

► A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected.

► Production of crops like wheat, rice etc will decrease.

► The natural disasters like cyclone, floods and drought will increase in frequency as well as intensity.

► India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area.

► A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected.

► Production of crops like wheat, rice etc will decrease.

► The natural disasters like cyclone, floods and drought will increase in frequency as well as intensity.

MUMBAIMUMBAI

CHENNAICHENNAI

KOLKOTAKOLKOTA

Let’sEvaluate• Mention the Three factors which affect India’s climate.• Why are the Himalayas important in determinig India’s climate• Give the four Major seaons of India.• What are western disturbances in which area do they cause rain?• Which months are known for the retreating monsoon?• Which is the rain shadow area?• Name the four rainfall regions.• Which region receives the the least amount of rainfall.