Searches for New Physics at the Large Hadron...
Transcript of Searches for New Physics at the Large Hadron...
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SearchesforNewPhysicsattheLargeHadronCollider
Jeffrey D. Richman Department of Physics
University of California, Santa Barbara
Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, St. Andrews, 19 August – 1 September 2012
Lecture 3: odd things
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Outline
• SUSYsignatureswithleptons;direct(EW)producBonofneutralinos&charginos– Charginoshidinginplainsight?
• HidingSUSY(“exoBcmodels”)– LonglivedparBcles(e.g.,long‐livedgluinosinsplitSUSY)
– R‐parityviolaBngSUSYsearches• Largeextradimensions(monojets...)
• Blackholes• Conclusions
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ExoBca‐fromareviewtalkatICHEPSteve Worm – Searches for Physics Beyond the Standard Model, ICHEP
Several key topics covered in other talks at this school (e.g., SM physics): dijet mass & angular distrib, Z’ l+l-, ttbar
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ThinkingaboutEWproducBon(√s=8TeV)
Courtesy T. Plehn (http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~plehn/)
σ pb( )
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ThinkingaboutEWproducBon(√s=8TeV)
Courtesy T. Plehn (http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~plehn/)
σ pb( ) As we push up the allowed mass range for the strongly interacting SUSY particles (gluinos & squarks), searches for potentially lower mass EW SUSY particles become competitive.
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Thefamousneutralinodileptoncascade
p
p
χ20
χ1±
χ10
χ10
±
ν
ν
Opposite-sign, same flavor leptons
The can be produced in any process, not just direct EW production.
χ20
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ThefamousSUSYtrileptonsignature
p
p
χ20
χ1±
χ10
χ10
±
ν
ν
The can be produced in any process, not just direct EW production. Extensive searches for trilepton signatures, including tau leptons.
χ20
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Foramusement...http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6888
ATLAS:σ(pb) CMS:σ(pb)
Measuredcrosssec.
53.4±2.1±4.5±2.1 52.4±2.0±4.5±1.2
Theorycrosssec.NLO
45.1±2.8 47.0±2.0
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ppW+W‐kinemaBcdistribuBonshttp://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1430734/files/ATLAS-CONF-2012-025.pdf
Main selection requirements • Opposite-sign dileptons (ee, emu, mumu), leading lepton pT>25 GeV • No additional leptons • Exclude Z mass window (±15 GeV) for same flavor leptons • No jets with pT > 25 GeV (suppresses ttbar); no b-jets pT>20 GeV • ETmiss_Rel > 25 -55 GeV
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EWKSUSYcancontributea“background”toppW+W‐
m( χ1
± ) ≈ 112 GeV
m( χ1
0 ) ≈ 15 GeV
tanβ = 10
σ (pp→ χ1
+ χ1− ) = 2.8 pb
parameters used for plots
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ExcessintheW+W‐crosssecBon?http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6888
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Whatdoesitmean?
Ihavenoidea.Firstofall,itisamodesteffectrelaBvetotheuncertainBes.LotsofreasonsthiscouldhavenothingwhatsoevertodowithanaddiBonalphysicsprocessinthedata.ButitdoesshowthatwehavetobeverycarefulaboutSUSY...itmightappearinplacesthatwearenotexpecBng.Wealsohavetobecarefulaboutourcontrolsamples.
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Directgauginosearches(ATLAS,7TeV)
• CombinaBonof2‐leptonand3‐leptonsearchesforleptonsproducedincascadesstarBngfrom,,producBon.
+
− χ1+ χ2
0 χ1+ χ1
−
Dilepton search χ1+ χ1
−
https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2011-23/
χ1+ χ2
0Trilepton search
https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2012-13/
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Opposite‐signdileptons+jets+MET
EventselecBon• 2opp‐signleptons• ee,μμ,eμ(control)• eτ,μτ(sepcuts)• ≥2jets,pT>30GeV• pT(lep1)>20GeV• pT(lep2)>10GeV• HT>100GeV,MET>50GeV
• Zvetoregion•
CMS SUS-11-011 http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1206.3949
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Thefamousneutralinodileptoncascade
p
p
χ20
χ1±
χ10
χ10
±
ν
ν
Opposite-sign, same flavor leptons
The dominant background (ttbar) produces different flavor leptons as well use eµ control sample!
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Opposite‐signdileptons:m(l+l‐)
Fitsignalandcontrolregionsjointlytoshapesdescribingnbar+DY+signal(smearedtriangle).
eµ control region: ttbar (+WW)
signal region
Signal contrib. from fit (2.1 σ) local signif.
Signal shape reflects kinematics of sequential two-body decay (mmax=280 GeV)
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Opposite‐signdileptons:METpredicBon
HT > 300 GeV
In SM events, can use lepton spectrum to predict the MET spectrum! In general need suitable corrections for W polarization in W+jets and ttbar, as well as resolution and threshold effects.
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UsingtheleptonspectrumtopredictMETinsingle‐leptonevents
• InnbarandW+jetsevents,thelepton&neutrinoareproducedtogetherinWdecay.
• InmanySUSYmodelstheleptonandMETaredecoupled.decoupled.
CMS-PAS-SUS-12-010 http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1445275
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UsingtheleptonspectrumtopredictMETinsingle‐leptonevents
• The MET distribution for SM events is dominated by ttbar and W+jets. • The MET is dominated by the neutrino. • The neutrino spectrum can be predicted from the lepton spectrum, taking into account W polarization in both cases! MET resolution also included.
CMS-PAS-SUS-12-010 http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1445275
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Searchforlong‐lived,stoppingparBcles
• ImagineaparBclethatliveslongenoughthatitdoesnotdecayduringthebeamcrossingintervalwhenitwasproduced,butstopsinthedetector!
• Itdecays(asynchronouslytobeamX‐ing.)
• SuchparBclesarepredictedinseveralmodels.
• Doweeventriggeroneventslikethis?• “Ifitdidn’ttrigger,itdidn’thappen.”
– oritmightaswellnothavehappened...
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Searchforlong‐lived,stoppingparBcles
Somereferences• M.J.StrasslerandK.M.Zurek,“Echoesofahiddenvalleyat
hadroncolliders”,Phys.Len.B651(2007)374,arXiv:hep‐ph/0604261.
• N.Arkani‐HamedandS.Dimopoulos,“SupersymmetricunificaBonwithoutlowenergysupersymmetryandsignaturesforfine‐tuningattheLHC”,JHEP06(2005)073,arXiv:hep‐th/0405159.
• P.Gambino,G.F.Giudice,andP.Slavich,“Gluinodecaysinsplitsupersymmetry”,Nucl.Phys.B726(2005)35,arXiv:hep‐ph/0506214.
• R.MackeprangandA.Rizzi,“InteracBonsofcolouredheavystableparBclesinmaner”,Eur.Phys.J.C50(2007)353,arXiv:hep‐ph/0612161.
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Examplescenario:splitSUSY
SUSY scalar particles (including squarks) are at extremely high mass scale
gluino neutralino LSP
LHC energy scale g→ g χ1
0 (via loops)
g→ qq χ1
0
huge gap in Split SUSY
Compare with lifetime of free neutron!
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Whathappenstoalong‐livedgluino?
• HadronizaBonturnsgluino/stopinto“R‐hadron”
• TheR‐hadroninteractswiththematerialofthedetector.SomefracBonwillstop,typicallyinthedensestregonsinthedetector.Probtostop∼0.07.
• Eventuallythegluinodecays.
gg gqq gqqq ...
M ( g), M (t )
tq tqq ...
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Gluinodecayinhadroniccalorimeter(MC)Trigger = CALO cluster + no incoming p bunches + no muon segments
Trigger: Calo jet ET>50 GeV + veto on signals from Beam Position and Timing Monitors (BPTX) 175 m on either side of CMS. Don’t want either proton bunch present (beam gas events can be produced with just one p bunch). Also veto on beam halo forward muon trigger.
CMS simulation
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EventselecBonforstoppingparBcles
• During2011run,numberbunches/beamvariedfrom228to1380.
• SelectBmeintervalsforanalysisbetweenbunchcrossings.
• VetoanyeventwithintwoLHCclockcycles(BX=25ns)ofeitherpbunchpassingthroughCMS.
• Get85%oforbitBmefor228bunchfills;16%oforbitfor1380bunchfillsforthesearch249hoursliveBme.LHCorbitperiodis89μs.
• Cutstorejectbeamhalomuons,cosmics,HCALnoise.Finalrate:(1.5±2.5)×10‐6Hz.
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Stoppedgluinosearch:Background&observedyields
Estimate of background contributions over total live time.
Estimate of background contributions for live-time intervals chosen for each lifetime hypothesis.
For lifetimes shorter than one LHC revolution time, search in an time window of 1.3τ after beam xing.
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CrosssecBonexclusionfromstoppedgluinosearch
Hypothetical lifetime
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Masslimitsonstoppingand g t
Hypothetical lifetime
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Massexclusionfromstoppedgluinosearch
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Monophotonsearch:interpretaBoninLargeExtraDimensionsmodels
MPl2 ≈ MD
n+2Rn
• Try to explain difference between Planck and EW scales. • n extra compact spatial dimensions, characteristic scale R • Gravity propagates in the (4+n) dimensional bulk of space-time; SM fields are confined to four dimensions. Graviton production seen as missing momentum. qq → γG qq → gG gg→ gG
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R‐parityviolaBngSUSY
• WhatifSUSYviolatesR‐parity?
• Mainissue:canhaveverylinleMET.SomeexisBngSUSYsearcheswith“strong”signaturescanworkwithlooseMETrequirements(e.g.,same‐signdileptons).
CMS multilepton analysis: http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.5341 CMS three-jet search: https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMSPublic/PhysicsResultsEXO11060
(GeV)jjjM0 200 400 600 800 1000
!(D
ata
- F
it)/
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Data300 GeV gluino450 GeV gluino
= 7 TeVs
(b)
-1CMS, 5.0 fb
3 jet search
Excludes gluino masses below ~460 GeV.
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Searchfor“microscopic”blackholes
• Signatureoflow‐scalequantumgravity.
• Butmanydifferentscenarios–smallindustryofsimulaBons/models.
• PhysicsofblackholeformaBonandevaporaBonhasseveralsubtleBes.(E.g.,whatfracBonoftheiniBalpartonenergyistrappedintheeventhorizon,rotaBngvs.non‐rotaBng,etc.)
CMS black hole search: http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.6396
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• ObjectselecBonissimple– Leptons(e,mu):pT>50GeV
– Photons(e,mu):pT>50GeV– Jets:pT>50GeV– NonoverlappinginconeΔR=0.3.
• Computetotalscalarsumoftransversemomentaintheevent.
• StudySTasafuncBonofobjectmulBplicity,whichdoesnotincludeMET.
Searchformicroscopicblackholes
ST = pTj
j= jets, leptons, photons, MET∑
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Blackholes:backgroundesBmaBonCMS black hole search: http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.6396
• Background shape is obtained from fit to low-multiplicity (N) events and restricting ST to range 1200 < ST < 2800 GeV. • Shapes in N=2 and N=3 samples are very similar. • Dedicated search for new physics in N=2 sample shows no signal.
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Searchformicroscopicblackholes
750 MC samples for the signal scenarios considered... Excluding black hole masses below 4-6 TeV.
Cross sections vs. black hole mass Example of high-multiplicity sample
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Blackholesearch:highSTevent
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Conclusions
• ThisisauniqueperiodinthehistoryofparBclephysics.
• Wedon’tknowwhatwewilldiscover–thatisthefundamentalnatureofscience.
• Therearenoguarantees,butthepotenBalforbreakthroughshasneverbeengreater.
• YourworkandleadershiparecriBcaltothefutureofhighenergyphysics.
• Manythankstoalltheorganizers,staff,postdocs,andstudents!
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SearchforZ’e+e‐,μ+μ‐
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SearchforZ’e+e‐,μ+μ‐
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DatawithsimulatedADDsignal