Search Patterns Search Patterns -- Rev: Nov 05 Boat Forces Center Coxswain “C” School.
-
Upload
marylou-doyle -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Search Patterns Search Patterns -- Rev: Nov 05 Boat Forces Center Coxswain “C” School.
Search Patterns
Search Patterns -- Rev: Nov 05
Boat Forces Center Coxswain “C” School
Objectives
Given the following instruction state common terms used in Search and Rescue
Given basic navigation tools plot and execute both precision and drifting patterns
References
National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I & II COMDINST M16120.5 series
U.S. Coast Guard Addendum to the National Search and Rescue Supplement COMDINST M16130.2 series
Boat Crew Seamanship manual COMDINST M16114.5 series
CG Boat Operations and Training Manual VOL I & II COMDINST M 16114.32 series
Value
The boat Coxswain must be able to execute the search pattern correctly, so that lives and property in distress have the best possible chance for survival
Coxswain Responsibility
Keep crew alert and attentive
Execute the search pattern correctly
SOMEONE'S LIFE MAY DEPEND ON IT
Search Planning
Is necessary when the location of a distress object is not known, or time has passed since the objects position was last known
SAR Planning
Where does SAR planning come from?
The Coast Guard Addendum to the National Search and Rescue Supplement COMDTINST M16130.2(series)
SAR Addendum
The primary search planning & rescue operations guidance and policy manual
Pattern Nomenclature
Datum
The most probable location of a search
object corrected for movement over time
Pattern Nomenclature
Explanation of movement:
To locate datum, Two major forces need to
be considered:
Total Water Current
Leeway
Pattern Nomenclature
Total water current (TWC)
•The sum of all water currents that might be The sum of all water currents that might be acting upon a search object in any given acting upon a search object in any given localitylocality
Sea Current
Wind Current
Reversing Tidal Current
River Current
Lake Current
Surf & Rip Current
The best information on TWC is obtained from a Datum Marker Buoy.
Pattern Nomenclature
Leeway:
The movement through the water caused by winds blowing against the exposed surfaces of the search object. The more exposed area the object has the greater the wind force on the object
Pattern Nomenclature
Search Leg:
The track line of the SRU involved in a search pattern, or the long leg along the track of a parallel or creeping line search
Pattern Nomenclature
Cross Leg:
The connection between search legs of a parallel or creeping line search pattern
Pattern Nomenclature
Sweep Width:
The corrected distance a SRU should be able to visually detect the search object on either side of the search leg
Pattern Nomenclature
Track Spacing:
The distance between adjacent parallel legs
With the exception of the Sector search which will have a radius
Pattern Nomenclature
Major Axis:
A bearing line used for the orientation of a rectangular search area from the center
Pattern Nomenclature
Minor Axis:
A bearing line perpendicular to the major axis
Pattern Nomenclature
Commence Search Point (CSP)
The location in the search area that the SRU starts the search pattern
Pattern Nomenclature
Initial Response (PIW)
When searching for people in the water start a Sector Search ASAP:
• Speed 6 knots
• Track spacing: .1 NM
• 1 minute search legs
Pattern Nomenclature
Search Area:
• The area most likely to contain the search object.
• Start with determining datum
• There are 7 different methods
Corner Method
BLDG
37º19’00”N076º15’00”W
37º20’26”N076º13’57”W
37º18’17”N076º13’19”W
37º19’36”N076º12’05”W
Corner Method:In this method the latitude and longitude (or geographic features) of each corner of the search area are given
Track line Method
BLDG
37º21’45”N076º14’22”W
37º20’44”N076º12’06”W
37º18’35”N076º12’15”W
Trackline Method:The latitude and longitude of the departure point, turns and destination are given with a specific width along the track
Center Point CircularBLDG
37º21’00”N076º13’38”W
0.75 NMradius
Center Point, Circular Area:The latitude and longitude of the center point are given with a radius
Center Point
BLDG
37º21’00”N076º13’38”W
Center Point, Rectangular or Square Area:The latitude and longitude of the center point are given with the direction of themajor axis and the length and width of the area
Range and Bearing
BLDG
Range and Bearing to Center Point:The center point may also be designated bya range and bearing from a geographic landmark
140ºT2 NM
Landmark Boundary
Landmark Boundary:Two or more landmarks are given asboundaries of the search area along a shoreline
BLDG
Point Comfort
3 NM
Lat/Long Boundary
BLDG
Latitude/Longitude Boundary:The sides of the search area are oriented North-Southand East-West and the latitude and longitude of thesides are given
37º21’00”N
076º11’30”W
37º18’00”N
076º14’30”W
Pattern Designations
First Letter Designates Pattern:
• “P” for Parallel
• “C” for Creeping Line
• “S” for Square
• “V” for Sector
• “T” for Track line
• “B” for Barrier
Pattern Designations
Second Letter Designates Number of SRU’s:
– “S” for Single Search Unit– “M” for Multiple Search Units
Third Letter for Supplementary Information:
– “R” for Radar Coordination or Return– “N” for Non-Return to Starting Point
Labeling Patterns
• Plotted in true
• Courses labeled in true and compass
• Turns labeled with DR’s and DR times
“PS” Pattern
Parallel track search, Single unit use:
– Large area
– Position of search object approximate
– Uniform coverage desired
– Search leg parallel to major axis
Plotting a “PS”
Search Area
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
N (True)
•Determine Search Area
Plotting a “PS”
Search Area
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Measure ½ track spacing in from the cornersMeasure ½ track spacing in from the corners
Plotting a “PS”
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Connect the marks to make the patterns size Connect the marks to make the patterns size
Plotting a “PS”
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Mark CSP, mark full track spacing and lay out cross legsMark CSP, mark full track spacing and lay out cross legs
Plotting a “PS”
Lay out search legs, and erase every other cross leg
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Plotting a “PS”
Label a minimum of three legs a DR at all turns
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSPC- ºT/ ºCD- NM S- KN
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C-
ºT
ºCD
-
N
M
“CS” Pattern
CREEPING LINE SEARCH, SINGLE UNITUSE:
– LARGE AREA
– UNIFORM COVERAGE DESIRED
– POSITION OF SEARCH OBJECT IS BELIEVED TO BE ON ONE END OF SEARCH AREA
– SEARCH LEGS PARALLEL TO MINOR AXIS
Plotting a “CS”
Search Area
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
N (True)
Plotting a “CS”
Search Area
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
N (True)
Measure ½ track spacing in from the cornersMeasure ½ track spacing in from the corners
Plotting a “CS”
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Connect the marks to make the pattern sizeConnect the marks to make the pattern size
Plotting a “CS”
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Mark CSP, measure full track spacing and lay out cross Mark CSP, measure full track spacing and lay out cross legslegs
Plotting a “CS”
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Lay out search legs and erase every other cross legLay out search legs and erase every other cross leg
Plotting a “CS”
Label a minimum of three legs and a DR at all turns
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
C-
ºT/
ºC
D-
NM
S-
K
N
C-
ºT/
ºC
D-
NM
C- ºT ºCD- NM
“VS” Pattern
SECTOR SEARCH, SINGLE UNIT USE:
– RELIABLE POSITION OF SEARCH OBJECT
– CONCENTRATED AT DATUM
– DATUM AT CENTER
– STARTS AND ENDS AT DATUM
– ALL TURNS ARE 120º TO THE RIGHT
– 1ST LEG IN DIRECTION OF DRIFT
Plotting a “VS” Pattern
Plot datum and arc a full track spacing around it
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Plotting a “VS” Pattern
Lay down first track line, either 000 T or the direction of drift originating from datum
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Datum
Plotting a “VS” Pattern
Mark track spacing on either side of the line top and bottom
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Datum
Plotting a “VS” Pattern
Lay out the remaining track lines by connecting the marks
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Datum
Plotting a “VS” Pattern
Label three legs minimum
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Datum
C- ºT/ ºC
D- NM
C-
º
T/
º
CD
-
NM
S-
KN
C- ºT
/ º
C
D- N
M
“SS” Pattern
EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH, SINGLE UNIT USE:
– SMALL AREA
– FIRST SEARCH LEG IS EITHER DIRECTION OF DRIFT OR TRUE NORTH
– ALL TURNS ARE 90º TO THE RIGHT
– TRACK SPACING DETERMINES 1ST AND 2ND LEG THEN ADD ONE TRACK SPACING EVERY OTHER LEG
“Plotting a SS” Pattern
Plot datum and mark a full track spacing around it
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
“Plotting a SS” Pattern
Lay down first search leg, either 000ºT or direction of drift, originating from datum
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Plotting a “SS” Pattern
Lay down search leg #2, 90º to the right of #1 for the distance of 1 track spacing
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Plotting a “SS” Pattern
Add one track spacing to determine length of search leg for search legs #3 and #4, plot #3 and #4
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Plotting a “SS” Pattern
Repeat for number of legs required
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Plotting a “SS” Pattern
Label all legs
CSP
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C-
ºT/
ºC
D-
NM
C- ºT
/ ºCD
- NM
C
-
ºT
/
º
CD
-
N
M
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C- ºT
/ ºCD
- NM
“TSN” Pattern
TRACKLINE SEARCH, SINGLE UNIT,NON-
RETURN USE:
– ONLY INFORMATION AVAILABLE IS THE INTENDED TRACK OF TARGET
– START SEARCH AT CSP AND SEARCH THE INTENDED TRACKLINE OF THE SEARCH OBJECT
“TSR” Pattern
TRACKLINE SEARCH, SINGLE UNIT,
RETURN USE:
– ONLY INFORMATION AVAILABLE IS THE INTENDED TRACK OF TARGET
– CSP IS OFFSET 1/2 TRACK SPACING FROM SEARCH OBJECTS INTENDED TRACKLINE
– SRU SEARCHES ONE SIDE THEN THE OTHER OF THE SEARCH OBJECT’S INTENDED TRACK
Plotting a “TSR” Pattern
Using the target's intended track line, plot positions along the track at the origin of your search and any turns
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Plotting a “TSR” Pattern
Using 1/2 track spacing, arc a circle around each plotted position and at the first position, plot a line perpendicular to the intended track line
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
Plotting a “TSR” Pattern
CSP will be located at one end of the perpendicular line, the finish is the other. From CSP lay down the search legs (note the turn)
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
Plotting a “TSR” Pattern
Label all legs
C- ºT/
ºC
D- NM S
- KN
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C- ºT/ ºCD- NM
C- ºT/
ºC
D- NM
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4
CSP
C-
º
T
ºC
D-
N
M
Review
What manual is the primary manual used for
search planning and rescue operations?
Coast Guard Addendum to the National SAR Manual
Review
What is the definition of datum?
The most probable location of a search object corrected for movement over time
Review
What is the definition of a search leg?
The track line of the SRU unit
OR
The long leg along the track of a parallel or creeping line search
Review
What is the definition of sweep width?
The distance an SRU should be able to detect the search object on either side of the leg
Review
What is CSP?
Commence Search Point:The location at which the SRU starts the search pattern
Review
What search pattern is a “PS”?
Parallel Search patternSingle Unit
Review
What search pattern is a “SS”?
Expanding Square Search patternSingle Unit
Review
What search pattern is a “TSR”?
Track Line Search patternSingle UnitReturn
Questions??