SEA — Special English for Automobile CHAPTER 5 Steering and suspension system Review 1: What’s...

SEA—Special English for Automobile

CHAPTER 5 Steering and suspension systemReview 1: What’s the function of Suspension system?

Review 1: What’s the function of Suspension system?

Flexibly connect the wheels to the body

Deliver the power and moment from the road to the body

Damp out the spring oscillations quickly


CHAPTER 5 Steering and suspension system

stabilizer bar

coil spring

trailing control

shock absorber

tie rod



The suspension covers the arrangement used to connect the wheels to the body. The purpose is to prevent large shocks, caused by the wheels striking bumps in the road, being passed to the vehicle occupants and components; otherwise discomfort and damage would occur.

悬架是车架（车身）与车桥（车轮）之间一切连接传力装置的总称。其目的是防止车轮遇到路面不平产生的巨大冲击传给车内的货物和乘客；否则会产生不舒适的感觉和货物的损坏。



The suspension system has two subsystems－ the front suspension and the rear suspension. The front suspension is more complicated than the rear suspension. This is because the front wheels must move in several different directions. The wheels must move up and down with the suspension and turn left to right with the steering. Since the car goes in the direction in which the front wheels point, the alignment of the front wheels is important.

悬架系统有两个子系统－前悬架和后悬架．前悬架比后悬架复杂．这是因为前轮需要在不同方向运动．车轮必须随悬架上下运动并随转向系统左右转动．因为汽车在前轮指向的方向上行驶，所以前轮定位很重要．



Poor alignment can make a car pull to one side and stop the front wheels from returning to the straight-ahead position after a turn.不正确的车轮定位参数会使汽车产生偏驶，阻止车轮在转向后回到直线行驶位置。

Review 2: What’s the function of Front Wheel Alignment Angles?

Review 2: What’s the function of Front Wheel Alignment Angles?



Camber　前轮倾角

Camber is the inclination of the wheel relative to the longitudinal vehicle plane, measured in the transverse plane of the vehicle. Positive camber means that the wheels are tilted further out at the top than at the bottom.

Positive camberNegative camber

Type of front wheel alignment angles



Toe － In　前轮前束　　　　　　 Toe-in specifies the

degree to which non-parallel front wheels are closer together at the front than at the rear; measured at the edges of the rims at the wheel center height.



S.A.I　主销内倾 Steering Axis Inclination

The kingpin angle is the inclination of the steering axis (kingpin) relative to the longitudinal plane, measured in the transverse plane of the vehicle.



Positive caster γCaster 　主销倾角

Caster is specified as the angle by which the steering axis ( kingpin line ) deviates from the vertical when viewed from the side, or as that distance on the road surface by which the wheel contact point trails the point at which an extension of the steering axis meets the road surface.

negative caster



Review ３ : List the main types of Suspension SpringsReview ３ : List the main types of Suspension Springs

Coil SpringCoil Spring

Rubber SpringRubber Spring

Air SpringAir SpringTorsion BarTorsion Bar

Leaf Spring(laminated spring)

Leaf Spring(laminated spring)

Hydropneumatic SpringHydropneumatic Spring



coil spring 螺旋弹簧



卷耳Spring ear

中心螺栓Center bolt

弹簧夹Rebound clap

Leaf spring 钢板弹簧



Leaf springs are made of long, flat pieces of metal clamped together to form a spring. The spring not only acts as a spring but also locates the axle. To overcome weakness at the mid-point of the main leaf, either the leaf is made thicker at the center or a series of leaves is used. Each leaf is shorter than the one directly above it.

钢板弹簧由许多长的金属片夹在一起形成．它不仅做为弹簧同时用来定位轴 . 为克服主片中部强度不够的缺点，可以把其中部加厚，或者采用多片钢板。每个钢板比它上面的那个短．



lever arm 摇臂

length

Torsion bar 扭杆弹簧

torsion bar 扭杆

Anchor end



Torsion bars normally connect to the car so that one end is fixed in place and the other attaches to a lever arm. When a force acts on the end of this lever arm, it bends up, causing the torsion bar to twist and absorb the force. When the force is released, the bar untwists to force the lever back to its original position.

扭杆弹簧一端固定在汽车上的适当位置，另一端安装在摇臂上．冲击力作用在摇臂的一端使它弯曲，这引起扭杆扭曲来吸收冲击力．冲击力消失时扭杆扭曲消失，摇臂回到原来的位置．



Review 4: the function of shock absorberReview 4: the function of shock absorber

　　When a spring is compressed and then released it will oscillate for a period of time before coming to rest. Applied to a vehicle this action will cause a most uncomfortable ride. 　　 The purpose of a shock absorber is to absorb the energy stored in the spring and so reduce the time that the vehicle is bouncing.

压缩弹簧然后释放，它会振动一段时间。（振动）作用在汽车上将引起乘坐不舒适。减振器的目的是储存在弹簧中的能量并缩短汽车跳动的时间。



伸张阀rebound valve

流通阀input valve

压缩阀Compression valve

补偿阀compensate valve

储油钢桶reservoir



Shock absorbers are filled with fluid. In operation, wheel movement causes the shock absorber to force this fluid through small openings (orifices). Since fluid can pass through restricted openings rather slowly, this puts a restraint on wheel and spring movement. The restraint imposed prevents excessive wheel movement. It also damps out the spring oscillations quickly after the hole or bump is passed.



Shock absorbers are filled with fluid. In operation, wheel movement causes the shock absorber to force this fluid through small openings (orifices). Since fluid can pass through restricted openings rather slowly, this puts a restraint on wheel and spring movement. The restraint imposed prevents excessive wheel movement. It also damps out the spring oscillations quickly after the hole or bump is passed.

减振器中充满油液，在行驶时，车轮的运动使减振器中的油液反复流过内腔的孔隙．由于油液通过受到限制的孔隙时，速度很慢，就对车轮和弹性元件的运动产生阻尼作用．这种阻尼作用避免了车轮的过度运动．在车辆经过坑洼地段时，能很快地衰减弹性元件的振动．



Review 5: List the main types of Suspension system Review 5: List the main types of Suspension system

Independent SuspensionRigid Axle Suspension



Independent SuspensionIndependent Suspension

single transverse arm type（单横臂式）double transverse arm type（双横臂式）single trailing arm type（单纵臂式）double trailing arm type（双纵臂式）single oblique arm type（单斜臂式）sliding pillar type（烛式）MacPherson Strut type（麦弗逊式）multi-link type（多连杆式）　　　　　　　　



Review ６ : List the main functions of tireReview ６ : List the main functions of tire

Absorb shocks resulting from irregularities in the road.

吸收来自不规则路面的振动．

Provide frictional contact between the wheels and the road so that good traction is secured. This permits the transmitting of power through the tires to the road for rapid accelerating, combats the tendency of the car to skid on turns and allows quick stops when the brakes are applied.

提供车轮与路面之间摩擦接触，保证汽车稳定行驶．这可使汽车突然加速时传递驱动力，在汽车转弯时避免打滑，刹车时快速停车．



There are two basic types of tires－ those with inner tubes and those without (called “tubeless” tires). Most modern automobile tires are of the tubeless type. Truck and bus tires are usually of the tube type.

轮胎有两种基本类型－有内胎轮胎和无内胎轮胎．大多数现代汽车轮胎是无内胎的．卡车和公共汽车轮胎一般是有内胎的．



Different parts of tubeless tire


CHAPTER 5 Steering and suspension systemReview 7: What’s the meaning of Tire Markings? Review 7: What’s the meaning of Tire Markings?


CHAPTER 5 Steering and suspension systemTire size designation

SEA — Special English for Automobile CHAPTER 5 Steering and suspension system Review 1: What’s...

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