SDX-MSC II SD
description
Transcript of SDX-MSC II SD
EBBD-014116
Ed. 00
SDX-MSC II
System Description
10. 2002.
COPYRIGHT
This manual is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. and is protected by copyright. No information contained herein may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated for any commercial purposes or disclosed to third parties in any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
TRADEMARKS
SDX-MSC II is registered trademark of SAMSUNG.Product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
This manual should be read before the installation and operation, and the operator should correctly install
and operate the system by using this manual.
This manual may be changed for the system improvement, standardization and other technical reasons without prior notice.
For further information on the updated manual or have a question the content of manual, contact Document Center at the address below .
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Or contact Call Center at the telephone below if you have any questions or concerns regarding the operation of your system.
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http://www.samsungnetwork.com
©2002 SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
This description explains the functions, features and configuration of the switching
function on the CDMA network.
Audience
This description is written for an engineer who requires an understanding of the
SDX-MSC II system operator and SDX-MSC II system.
Document Content and Organization
This manual is organized and separated into seven chapters as follows :
Chapter 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
This chapter describes the introduction of the SDX-MSC II.
Configuration of the Samsung CDMA network
Major functions, specifications and features of the SDX-MSC II
Basic architecture and configuration of the SDX-MSC II
Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture
This chapter describes the hardware of the SDX-MSC II.
Hardware configuration by function.
Hardware type, function and detailed configuration that perform the control.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page I
Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Hardware type, function and detailed configuration that perform the switching.
Hardware type, function and detailed configuration for performing the network
synchronization.
Hardware type, function and detailed configuration for performing the trunk and
subscriber interface.
Hardware type and function for performing other systems
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00Introduction Introduction
Chapter 3. Software Architecture
This chapter describes the SDX-MSC II software.
Software features and basic architecture.
Application software functions.
Chapter 4. Call Processing and Mobile Management
This chapter describes the call processing and mobile management of the SDX-MSC
II. Subscriber classification, number system and number decoding procedure.
Routine outline, routine method and routine application.
Authentication and encryption procedure.
Outline of location registration, type and procedure.
Mobile call control and call processing.
Type and procedure of handoff.
Call processing in status of overload.
Chapter 5. Operation and Maintenance
This chapter describes the operation and maintenance of the SDX-MSC II.
Billing/Charging.
Statistics.
Network management and overload control.
Chapter 6. Supplementary Service
This chapter describes the supplementary service provided in the SDX-MSC II.
Supplementary type and outline.
Supplementary service and outline.
Alternative performance among service.
Chapter 7. VLR
This chapter describes the VLR build-into the SDX-MSC II.
Alternative working between the VLR and HLR, VLR and MSC, VLR and
VLR.
Data types stored in the VLR.
Performance in the VLR.
Troubleshooting when a database fault occurs for the VLR.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00Introduction Introduction
Conventions
The following special paragraphs are used in this document to point out information.
This information may be set-off from the surrounding text.
NOTE
Indicates additional information as a reference
Revision History
EDITION DATE OF ISSUE REMARKS
00 10.2002 First Draft
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Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Purpose................................................................................................................................. I
Audience................................................................................................................................ I
Document Content and Organization..................................................................................... I
Conventions......................................................................................................................... III
Revision History................................................................................................................... III
CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
1 Mobile Communication Network Configuration............................................................1-2
2 Functions of the SDX-MSC II..........................................................................................1-5
3 Specifications of the SDX-MSC II...................................................................................1-6
4 Features of the SDX-MSC II.............................................................................................1-8
5 Configuration of the SDX-MSC II....................................................................................1-9
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
1 ASS Architecture.............................................................................................................2-2
1.1 DTI Block..................................................................................................................2-4
1.2 PRI Block.................................................................................................................. 2-5
1.3 SLI Block...................................................................................................................2-6
1.4 TSL Block.................................................................................................................. 2-7
1.5 DSC Block.................................................................................................................2-9
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1.6 FPH Block...............................................................................................................2-10
1.7 S7H Block...............................................................................................................2-11
1.8 MVQT Block............................................................................................................2-12
1.9 ASP/ASPP Block.....................................................................................................2-13
2 INS System..................................................................................................................... 2-14
2.1 SSL Block................................................................................................................2-16
2.2 CIN Block................................................................................................................2-18
2.3 NES Block...............................................................................................................2-19
2.4 INP Block................................................................................................................2-20
2.5 INPP Block..............................................................................................................2-21
3 CCS Architecture...........................................................................................................2-22
3.1 OMP Block..............................................................................................................2-23
3.2 APC Block...............................................................................................................2-24
3.3 CCPP Block............................................................................................................2-25
4 LRS Structure.................................................................................................................2-26
4.1 LRP Block..................................................................................................................26
5 The Processor Structure...............................................................................................2-28
5.1 MP ....................................................................................................................... 2-28
5.2 PP ....................................................................................................................... 2-29
5.3 Processor Configuration of Each Subsystem..........................................................2-29
6 Others............................................................................................................................. 2-32
6.1 Remote Alarm Panel Unit (RAPU)..........................................................................2-32
6.2 Auxiliary Memory Unit.............................................................................................2-32
6.3 Input/Output Device................................................................................................2-32
CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture
1 Features of the Software.................................................................................................3-1
2 Software Architecture......................................................................................................3-3
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 4. Call Processing and Mobility Managment
1 Number Translation and Sending...................................................................................4-1
1.1 Mobile Communication Subscribers Numbering System..........................................4-1
1.2 Call Processing Related Information.........................................................................4-2
1.3 MSC Number Translating and Sending.....................................................................4-4
2 Routing and Other Carrier Roaming..............................................................................4-6
2.1 Routing System.........................................................................................................4-6
2.2 Routing Applications.................................................................................................4-6
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3 Security Procedures (Authentication and Encryption)...........................................................4-8
3.1 General Matters........................................................................................................4-8
3.2 Authentication.........................................................................................................4-10
3.3 Encryption...............................................................................................................4-12
4 Location Registration....................................................................................................4-13
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................4-13
4.2 Types of Location Registrations..............................................................................4-13
4.3 Location Registrations.............................................................................................4-15
5 Mobile Communication Subscriber Call Processing.......................................................4-17
5.1 Call Processing Functions.......................................................................................4-17
5.2 Controls of the Incoming and Outgoing Calls..........................................................4-18
5.3 Call Release............................................................................................................4-20
6 Handoff........................................................................................................................... 4-21
6.1 Handoff Functions of the MSC................................................................................4-21
6.2 Handoff Classification.............................................................................................4-23
CHAPTER 5. Operations and Maintenance
1 Billing/Charging...............................................................................................................5-1
1.1 Collection of Billing Data...........................................................................................5-1
1.2 Control of Billing Information.....................................................................................5-2
1.3 Operations of Billing Storage Media..........................................................................5-3
1.4 Operations of Billing Operation Modes.....................................................................5-4
1.5 Billing Backup...........................................................................................................5-5
1.6 Billing for Each Type of Call......................................................................................5-5
2 Statistics........................................................................................................................... 5-6
2.1 Statistics Collection Types........................................................................................5-6
2.2 Statistics Storing and Sending..................................................................................5-9
3 Network Management....................................................................................................5-10
4 Overload Control...........................................................................................................5-12
5 Audit............................................................................................................................... 5-13
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 6. Supplementary Service Functions
1 Supplementary Functions...............................................................................................6-1
2 Interactions Between Service Functions.......................................................................6-9
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Table of Contents SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
CHAPTER 7. VLR Functions
1 Interactive Operation.......................................................................................................7-1
2 Types of Data within the VLR..........................................................................................7-2
3 Functions.......................................................................................................................... 7-4
ABBREVIATION
A ~ C................................................................................................................Abbreviation-1
D ~ E................................................................................................................Abbreviation-3
G ~ F................................................................................................................Abbreviation-4
L ~ M................................................................................................................Abbreviation-5
N ................................................................................................................Abbreviation-6
O ~ R...............................................................................................................Abbreviation-7
S ................................................................................................................Abbreviation-8
T ................................................................................................................Abbreviation-9
U ~ X..............................................................................................................Abbreviation-10
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Shape of the SDX-MSC II...............................................................................1-1
Figure 1.2 Mobile communication network configuration.................................................1-4
Figure 1.3 Configuration of the SDX-MSC II....................................................................1-9
Figure 2.1 ASS architecture.............................................................................................2-3
Figure 2.2 Diagram of DTI Block Mounting......................................................................2-4
Figure 2.3 Diagram of PRI block mounting......................................................................2-5
Figure 2.4 Diagram of SLI block mounting.......................................................................2-6
Figure 2.5 Diagram of TSL block mounting......................................................................2-7
Figure 2.6 Diagram of DSC block mounting.....................................................................2-9
Figure 2.7 Diagram of FPH block mounting...................................................................2-10
Figure 2.8 Diagram of S7H block mounting...................................................................2-11
Figure 2.9 Diagram of MVQT block mounting................................................................2-12
Figure 2.10 ASP/ASPP block mounting..........................................................................2-13
Figure 2.11 INS Structure...............................................................................................2-15
Figure 2.12 Diagram of SSL block mounting..................................................................2-16
Figure 2.13 Diagram of CIN block mounting...................................................................2-18
Figure 2.14 Diagram of NES block mounting..................................................................2-19
Figure 2.15 Diagram of INP block mounting...................................................................2-20
Figure 2.16 Diagram of INPP block mounting.................................................................2-21
Figure 2.17 CCS Architecture.........................................................................................2-22
Figure 2.18 Diagram of OMP block mounting.................................................................2-23
Figure 2.19 Diagram of APC block mounting..................................................................2-24
Figure 2.20 Diagram of CCPP block mounting...............................................................2-25
Figure 2.21 Diagram of LRS Structure............................................................................2-26
Figure 2.22 Diagram of LRP block mounting..................................................................2-26
Figure 2.23 Structure of the MP and OMP......................................................................2-28
Figure 2.24 PP Structure................................................................................................2-29
Figure 2.25 SDX-MSCII Processor Configuration...........................................................2-29
Figure 3.1 Software Functions Structure..........................................................................3-3
Figure 4.1 The numbering system of mobile communication subscribers........................4-1
Figure 4.2 Generation of Identity & Authentication and Encryption Data.......................4-10
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Figure 4.3 Originating & Terminating Procedures..........................................................4-18
Figure 4.4 Call Release Procedures..............................................................................4-20
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Relation between rack, subsystem and function block mounting...................1-10
Table 2.1 Configurations and functions of the DTI block..................................................2-4
Table 2.2 PRI block configuration and functions..............................................................2-5
Table 2.3 SLI block configuration and functions...............................................................2-6
Table 2.4 TSL block configuration and functions..............................................................2-8
Table 2.5 DSC block configuration and functions.............................................................2-9
Table 2.6 FPH block configuration and functions...........................................................2-10
Table 2.7 S7H block configuration and functions...........................................................2-11
Table 2.8 MVQT block configuration and functions........................................................2-12
Table 2.9 ASP/ASPP block mounting and functions.......................................................2-13
Table 2.10 SSL block configuration and functions...........................................................2-17
Table 2.11 CIN block configuration and functions...........................................................2-18
Table 2.12 NES block configuration and functions..........................................................2-19
Table 2.13 INP block configuration and functions...........................................................2-20
Table 2.14 INPP block configuration and functions.........................................................2-21
Table 2.15 OMP block configuration and functions.........................................................2-23
Table 2.16 APC block configuration and functions..........................................................2-24
Table 2.17 CCPP block configuration and functions.......................................................2-25
Table 2.18 LRP block configuration and functions..........................................................2-27
Table 5.1 Disk Capacities.................................................................................................5-3
Table 6.1 Interactions between Service Functions...........................................................6-9
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page XV
CHAPTER 1
SDX-MSC II Introduction
The SDX-MSC II is a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) performing an exchange
function to provide mobile communication services.
The SDX-MSC II has adopted an open architecture that has functionally modularized
hardware and software, and has been designed to improve systems in flexible ways in
accordance with technological development.
In addition, the SDX-MSC II has minimized the system changes for expansion and
reduction of system capacity, and can properly change the capacity depending upon
the variety of network environments.
Figure 1.1 Shape of the SDX-MSC II
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-1
CHAPTER 1
1 Mobile Communication Network Configuration
The CDMA2000 1X mobile communication network consists of the following
Network Elements (NEs) :
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
The MSC is placed at the center of the mobile communication network and
interworks with other networks (i.e. PSTN, PLMN, PSPDN and Internet, etc).
The MSC interfaces with the Base Station Controller (BSC) to transmit and receive
signals and voice data to and from the mobile communication terminals.
In addition, the MSC exchanges information with Home Location Register (HLR) and
Visitor Location Register (VLR) which store the subscribers’ information.
Base Station Controller (BSC)
The BSC interfaces with several Base Station Transceiver Systems (BTSs) and
provides a handoff process among the cells, call control and BTS operation and
maintenance, etc. The BSC and the MSC interface through the No. 7 link.
Base Station Transceiver System (BTS)
The BTS communicates with the Mobile Station (MS) in the cell(the area on which
the BTS has influence) over the radio system, and provides subscribers with mobile
communication services. The BTS performs coding and decoding of radio channels
to transmit and receive radio signals to and from the MS. To provide good quality and
economical radio calls to the subscribers, the BTS controls the transmitting and
receiving of signals’ intensity and measures the up-links quality, controls space
diversity, radio resources and maintains itself.
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
The VLR temporarily stores and controls all of the MS information, which exists in
the area controlling itself. When the mobile communication subscribers set calls, the
VLR transmits the subscriber related information to the MSC.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-2
CHAPTER 1. System Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
The VLR always retains its control data the same as the HLR.
Home Location Register (HLR)
The HLR is a database control system that stores and controls the subscribers’
parameters and location information regarding all the MSs registered in its own area.
The HLR controls important data, such as terminals’ access capabilities, basic services
and supplementary services etc, and performs routing for the called party.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-3
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
Data Core Network (DCN)
The DCN interfaces with either the Internet or Packet Switched Public Data Network
(PSPDN) to provide the mobile communication subscribers with packet data services.
DCN consists of Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN), Packet Data Gateway Node
(PDGN) and Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) Server, etc.
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SDX-MSC II 시스템 설명서/Ed.00 1 장. SDX-MSC II 의 개요
Figure 1.2 Mobile communication network configuration
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-5
HLRHLR
MSCMSC
AIWFAIWF
BSCBSC
BSMBSM
PDSNPDSN DCNDCN
BTSBTS
BTSBTS
MSMS
MSMS
InternetInternet
PSTNPSTN
CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
2 Functions of the SDX-MSC II
Based on a circuit exchange system, the SDX-MSC II performs the following
functions to process the mobile subscribers’ calls.
System and Network Interface
The SDX-MSC II interfaces with the BSC to transmit and receive traffic data of the
mobile communication subscribers, and also interfaces with the PSTN, the ISIN and
PLMN, etc to transmit to and receive data from, other networks. In addition, the
SDX-MSC II interworks with the AIWF to process the circuit data calls. Accordingly,
the mobile communication subscribers can use modem based data communication
and fax Tx/Rx services.
Routing and Other Providers’ Roaming
The SDX-MSC II performs routing of calls coming from other service
networks(PSTN, ISDN and PSMN), or roaming of calls coming from other
providers’ networks.
To do so, the SDX-MSC II inquires on the routing number information that the HLR
has assigned at the incoming terminal, and informs the calling party’s exchange of it.
In addition, the SDX-MSC II analyzes the originating call information that the
mobile terminal in the area transmits, and interworks with the terminating party
exchange to perform the routing or roaming of the calls.
Handoff Processing
The SDX-MSC II supports handoff processing when the mobile communication
terminals move between cells. In other words, the SDC-MSC II supports handoff
between the BTSs, between the BSCs and between the MSCs.
Visited Location Register (VLR)
The SDX-MSC II has a built-in Visited Location Register(VLR) function. Therefore,
the SDX MSC II interworks with the HLR to control information on the mobile
communication terminals within the MSC area and performs location registration.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
Authorization and Encryption
The SDX-MSC II performs authorization and decoding functions to verify legality of
the mobile communication subscriber’s services, and to prevent calls from being
tapped. To do so, the SDX-MSC II interworks with internal VLR and HLR to analyze
the subscriber’s permissions for use and the subscriber’s service registration status,
and to provide encryption of traffic data and signals.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-7
CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Supplementary Service Functions
To provide various Supplementary services, the SDX-MSC II interworks with
various systems of the CDMA2000.
3 Specifications of the SDX-MSC II
Capacity
Classification Capacity
BSC interface modules Max. 12
Mobile communication subscribers accommodation Max. 500,000 subscribers
Cable system subscriber accommodation capacity Max. 1,024 subscribers
Busy Hour Call Attempt(BHCA) Max. 1,250,000 BHCA
Call processing capacity 38,500 Erlang
VLR capacity Max. 500,000 subscribers
Telephony Specification
Classification Dimensions
Switch network structure T-S-T
Time switch capacity 4K 6K
Space switch capacity 80K 80K
Controlling Method
Classification Controlling method
Controlling method Distributed control
Processor MC 68060, MC 68360
Programming language CHILL, C
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
Interface Specifications
Classification Specifications
MSC/PSTN interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications CSS NO.7, R2
MSC/MSC interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications IS-41C,D,E
MSC/BSC interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications IS-634-A,B(or TSB-80), IOS4.x
MSC/HLR interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications IS-41D,E
MSC/IWF interface Digital interface E1
Signal specifications PRI, frame relay
MSC/AMPS interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications ANSI CCS NO.7, IS-41
MSC/CAMA interface Digital interface Dedicated Lines
Signal specifications TCP/IP, X.25 Protocol
MSC/VMS & FMS interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications CCS No.7(ISUP)
MSC/OMC interface Digital interface Dedicated Lines
Signal specifications TCP/IP, TMN-Q3
MSC/WIN interface Digital interface T1/E1
Signal specifications CCS No.7, IS-41D,E(IS-771)
Equipment Specifications
Classification Equipment dimensions
Rack dimensions 800 mm(W) × 650 mm(D) × 1,709 mm(H)a
a. Height length excludes top unit(110 mm) and foot(70 mm).
Power System Specifications
DC -48 Vdc nominal(-43.5~-56V variable)
DC -60 Vdc nominal(-48~-72V variable)
Built-in battery
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-9
CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
4 Features of the SDX-MSC II
The SDX-MSC II has the following features :
Distributed Control System
The SDX-MSC II control system has a multiplex processor structure with microprocessors
(2-layer hierarchy where the upper layer processor controls the lower layer
processor). The Main Processor (MP) performs the upper layer functions, such as
mobile communication call process, number translation, exchange controls, system
operation and maintenance, etc. The Peripheral Processor (PP) performs the lower
layer functions for real time processes, such as telephony monitoring, analysis and
signal process, etc.
The SDX-MSC II can easily add new functions and expand the capacity owing to the
distributed functions into the main and peripheral processors. Therefore, when some
functions fail, the SDX-MSC II can minimize the influence on other functions.
Parallel Processing Operation System
Digital exchange system shall perform concurrent processing of hundreds of real-time
processes.
To handle processes effectively, the SDX-MSC II has adopted a Concurrent Real-time
Operating System (CROS) using the CCITT High-Level Language (CHILL) that
supports the parallel system.
Use of CHILL/SDL Programming Languages
To improve software productivity and maintenance capabilities, the SDX-MSC II can
program software using both the CHILL language and System Description Language
(SDL).
DBMS (Database Management System)
The SDX-MSC II controls generation, modification and deletion of various data
using the DBMS. Data control using the DBMS has the following advantages :
1) Effective control of data variations 2) Reduced replicated data, and 3) Smooth
system operation due to a standardized data expression.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-11
CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Redundancy
The SDX-MSC II has made major facilities redundant, such as processors,
communication networks between processors, switch system, data link and network
synchronization equipment, etc.
The SDX-MSC II has adopted a redundancy system of active-standby, load sharing
and n+k, etc.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction
5 Configuration of the SDX-MSC II
The SDX-MSC II consists of following racks :
Figure 1.3 Configuration of the SDX-MSC II
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 1-13
SDX-MSC II ASCR-C
PRI
0
PRI
1
DTI
0
DTI
1 1
DSCTSL(4K)
S7H FPH
Air Baffle
SDX-MSC II SLIR
MVQT
SLI(ASI:1024)
Air Baffle
ASS-C
SDX-MSC II SSWR
SSL 14
SSL 04
SSL 13
SSL 03
Air Baffle
SDX-MSC II SSWR
SSL 12
SSL 02
SSL 11
SSL 01
Air Baffle
SDX-MSC II CNIR
SSL 10
SSL 00
CIN(IPC)
Air Baffle
INS
SDX-MSC II LRIR
LRP LRP
LRP LRP
Air Baffle
LRP LRP
LRP LRP
LRP LRP
LRS CCS
APC
NESDCCPP
INP SDUX3
OMP
O
DKUX4
INPPX2
SDX-MSC II CCIR
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
DTI
2
DTI
3
DTI
0
DTI
1
DSCTSL(4K)
S7H
Air Baffle
FPH
ASP/ASPPX3
ASS-T, ASS-W, ASS-W/T
SDX-MSC II ASCR-
T
DTI
2
DTI
3
DTI
0
DTI
1
DSC
S7H FPH
Air Baffle
TSL(4K)
ASS-P
SDX-MSC II ASCR-P
PRI
2
PRI
3
PRI
0
PRI
1
DSC
S7H FPH
Air Baffle
TSL(4K)
ASP/ASPPX3 ASP/ASPPX3 ASP/ASPPX3
Air Baffle
CHAPTER 1. SDX-MSC II Introduction SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Table 1.1 Relation between rack, subsystem and function block mounting
Name of rack Subsystem a Function blocks a
ASCR-W/T, T, P, C ASS DTI, PRI, DSC, S7H, FPH, TSL, ASP, ASPP
SLIR ASS SLI, MVQT
SSWR INS SSL
CNIR INS SSL, CIN
LRIR LRS LRP
CCIR b CCS OMP, CCPP, APC
INS INP, INPP, NES
a. For more information on the subsystem and function block, refer to ‘Chapter 2 Hardware
Architecture’.
b. The DKU and SDU, which are auxiliary memory units, are also mounted on the CCIR.
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CHAPTER 2
Hardware Architecture
The SDX-MSC II consists of subsystems, such as the CCS, INS, LRS and ASS etc,
and each subsystem includes various function blocks.
Access Switching Subsystem (ASS)
The ASS performs the interfacing between the SDX-MSC II and external systems,
time switching, processing of most calls and number translating, etc.
The ASS is classified as follows depending upon the interface functions :
ASS-W/T(Access Switching Subsystem-Wireless Subscriber/Trunk) : BSC
interface and trunk line interface.
ASS-P(Access Switching Subsystem-Primary Rate Interface) : Interworking
Function(IWF) interface.
ASS-C(Access Switching Subsystem-Complex) : Analog system subscriber
interface, trunk line interface and IWF interface, etc.
Interconnection Network Subsystem (INS)
The INS connects each subsystem using space switches and performs centralized call
processing. In addition, the INS controls the Inter Processor Communication (IPC)
that is transmitted to and received from each subsystem, and generates and distributes
the system clock.
Central Control Subsystem (CCS)
The CCS performs operating and maintaining functions of the SDX-MSC II, such as
billing, statistics, configuration controlling, fault handling, storage and database
controlling, etc.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-1
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
LRS (Location Registration Subsystem)
The LRS stores and manages mobile communication subscriber information within the
MSC area concerned, and interworks with the HLR to authorize mobile
communication subscribers and to register locations.
The SDX-MSC II consists of one INS, one CCS, one LRS and up to 20 ASS.
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SDX-MSC II 시스템 설명서/Ed.00 2 장. 하드웨어 구조
1 ASS Architecture
The ASS consists of following function blocks :
Digital Trunk Interface (DTI) W T C
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) P C
Subscriber Line Interface (SLI) C
Time Switch & Link (TSL) W T C P
Digital Service Circuit (DSC) W T C P
Frame Relay & Packet Handler (FPH) W T C P
Signaling system No.7 protocol Handler (S7H) W T C P
Mobile Voice Quality Test (MVQT) C
Access Switching Processor/Access Switch Peripheral Processor (ASP/ASPP)
W T C P
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-3
2 장. 하드웨어 구조 SDX-MSC II 시스템 설명서/Ed.00
Figure 2.1 ASS architecture
Page 2-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
PSTN, BSC
IWF
Wire subscriber
Control TSL Control DTL, FPH, DSH, SLI, PRI
DTI
CDTIA 7
PRI
SLI
B
ASPP×3
DSCTSL
0B
1B B
0B
1B
B
B
B
ASP
SSL Plane 0
TD - Bus
SSL Plane 1
FPH
B FPRCA A
S7H
MVQT
P - Bus
IPCIA 0
IPCIA 7
B IDCPA A
B SCCIA A
RSGUA A
CALIA 0
CALIA 31B
B
DSVMB 0 DSVMB 1 DSCMA 1 DSMSA 0 DSMSA 2 DSDTADSCMA 0
FPHCA 4FPHCA 0SSPHA 3SSPHA 0 MVQTA 0 MVQTA 3
LTRIMA1A
LTRMA0A
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
OTRMA A SMDXA0A
SMDXA1A
TDCMA A
TSCMA A
CDTIA 0 MPDMA A
OTRMA A
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-5
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
1.1 DTI Block
The DTI block interfaces with an E1 or T1 trunk line and Tx/Rx data to and from the
TSL. The network synchronization clock is received from the TSL and transmits
signals of the trunk to the TSL.
The DTI block consists of :
Digital Trunk Back Panel Assembly (DTBPA)
CEPT Digital Trunk Interface board Assembly (CDTIA)
T1 Digital Trunk Interface board Assembly (TDTIA)
Figure 2.2 Diagram of DTI Block Mounting
Table 2.1 Configurations and functions of the DTI block
BoardNumber
of boardsFunctions
DTBPA 1 DTI block rear board
CDTIA
(TDTIA) a
8 Interfaces with the PCM trunk line of the E1(T1) mode :
Interfaces with four(or five) E1s(T1s) per board : 32 E1 / block?
………………………………………………………..128 E1 / bay?
Receives network synchronization clock from the TSL :
Receives PCM signals from the trunk line and extracts the 2.048 MHz
(1.544 MHz) signals from that signal to transmit it to the TSL.
a. The TDTIA is a board to be mounted on the DTI block when interfacing with a T1 mode trunk line.
Page 2-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
DTI DTI
DTI DTI
SDX-MSC II ASCR-C
DTI DTI
DTBPA
CD
TIA
0
CD
TIA
1
CD
TIA
2
CD
TIA
3
CD
TIA
4
CD
TIA
5
CD
TIA
6
CD
TIA
7
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
Contents in parentheses indicate available functions when the TDTIA board is mounted.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-7
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
1.2 PRI Block
The PRI block has interface functions to provide the mobile communication system
subscribers with circuit exchange data communication services. To accommodate
more capacity, two paths connected to the IWF are mounted on one PRI block.
The PRI block consists of :
ISDN Primary Subscriber Back Panel Assembly (IPBPA)
ISDN D-channel Control Processor Advanced (IDCPA)
ISDN Primary Subscriber CEPT Interface type A (IPCIA)
Figure 2.3 Diagram of PRI block mounting
Table 2.2 PRI block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
IPBPA 1 PRI block rear board
IDCPA 4(redundancy
)
Tx/Rx data to and from the TSL block :
Controls the IPCIA board under the control of the ASPP :
Controls eight IPCIAs per board :
Receives clocks from the TSL to use.
IPCIA 16 Tx/Rx data to and from the IWF.
a. One path connected to the IWF consists of 2 EA of the IDCPA board and 8 EA of the IPCIA board, so the
PRI block has two paths that are connected to the IWF.
Page 2-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II ASCR-P
PRI PRI
PRI PRI
SDX-MSC II ASCR-C
PRI PRI
IPBPA
IDC
PA
AID
CP
A B
IPC
IA 4
IPC
IA 0
IPC
IA 1
IPC
IA 2
IPC
IA 3
IDC
PA
AID
CP
A B
IPC
IA 0
IPC
IA 1
IPC
IA 2
IPC
IA 3
IPC
IA 5
IPC
IA 6
IPC
IA 7
IPC
IA 4
IPC
IA 5
IPC
IA 6
IPC
IA 7
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-9
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
1.3 SLI Block
The SLI block has an interface function with cable subscribers for testing (up to
1,024) and consists of :
Subscriber Interface Back Panel Assembly (SIBPA)
Subscriber Circuit Control Interface Assembly (SCCIA)
Compact Analog Line Interface Assembly (CALIA)
Ring Signal Generator Unit Assembly (RSGUA)
Figure 2.4 Diagram of SLI block mounting
Table 2.3 SLI block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
SIBPA 1 SLI block rear board
SCCIA 2(redundancy
)
Controls the CALIA and the RSGUA under the control of the ASPP.
CALIA 32 Interfaces with the cable subscribers :
Interfaces with 32 cable terminals per board. 32 X 32 = 1024 terminal ?/ bay ?
RSGUA 2(redundancy
)
Provides cable subscribers with ring signals.
Page 2-10 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II SLIR
SLI(ASI:1024)
SIBPA
SC
CIA
A
SC
CIA
B
CAL
IA 0
RS
GU
ACAL
IA 1
CAL
IA 2
CAL
IA 3
CAL
IA 4
CAL
IA 5
CAL
IA 6
CAL
IA 7
CAL
IA 8
CAL
IA 9
CAL
IA 1
0
CAL
IA 11
CAL
IA 1
2
CAL
IA 1
3
CAL
IA 1
4
CAL
IA 1
5
RS
GU
BCAL
IA 1
6
CAL
IA 1
7
CAL
IA 1
8
CAL
IA 1
9
CAL
IA 2
0
CAL
IA 2
1
CAL
IA 2
2
CAL
IA 2
3
CAL
IA 2
4
CAL
IA 2
5
CAL
IA 2
6
CAL
IA 2
7
CAL
IA 2
8
CAL
IA 2
9
CAL
IA 3
0
CAL
IA 3
1
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
1.4 TSL Block
The TSL block performs the time switch (4K x 6K) functions and consists of :
Time Switch Back Panel Assembly (TSBPA)
Sub-highway Multiplex & Demultiplex Assembly (SMDXA)
Time Switch Control & Maintenance Assembly (TSCMA)
Local optic Transceiver Interface Assembly (LTRIA)
Optic Transceiver Module Assembly (OTRMA)
Figure 2.5 Diagram of TSL block mounting
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-11
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
TSL
TSPBA
SP
A-B
LTR
IA 1
A
LTR
IA 1
B
SP
A-B
SM
DX
A 0
A
SM
DX
A 0
B
SM
DX
A 1
AS
MD
XA
1B
LTR
IA 0
A
LTR
IA 0
B TS
CM
A A
TS
CM
A B
TSBPA
LTR
IA Rear view of rack
Front view of rack
OTRMA
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Table 2.4 TSL block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
TSBPA 1 TSL block rear board
SMDXA 4(redundancy) Tx/Rx traffic data to and from the DTI, PRI and SLI :
Tx/Rx traffic data to and from the TSCMA board :
Each board takes charge of 2K data.
TSCMA 2(redundancy) Inserts a call quality measuring pattern :
Interfaces with the DSC block to provide various signal processes and
supplementary services :
4K X 6K switching
LTRIA 4(redundancy) Makes traffic and IPC data redundant and inversely redundant.
Takes charge of 2K data per board :
Provides an IPC path and distributes clocks received from the SSL.
Converts 155.52 Mbps data received from the OTRMA into 16.384 Mbps
data and transmits it to the TSCMA :
Converts 16.384 Mbps data received from the TSCMA into 155.52 Mbps
data and transmits it to the OTRMA.
OTRMA 8(redundancy) Converts between electrical signals and optical signals :
Tx/Rx STM-1(155.520 Mbps) data :
2K data per board
Page 2-12 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
1.5 DSC Block
The DSC block is mounted on the ASS to provide a signal-processing function and
voice service. The DSC block handles the DTMF/R2-MFC signals and provides a
conference calling service and recording announcement service.
The DSC block consists of :
Digital Service circuit Back Panel Assembly (DSBPA)
Digital Service circuit for Voice Message Assembly (DSVMB)
Digital Service circuit for Call Mixer Assembly (DSCMA)
Digital Service circuit for Multi-frequency Signaling Assembly (DSMSA)
Digital Service circuit for Digital trunk Test Assembly (DSDTA)
Figure 2.6 Diagram of DSC block mounting
Table 2.5 DSC block configuration and functions
BoardNumber
of boardsFunctions
DABPA 1 DSC block rear board
DSVMB Max. 8 Records, edits and plays recording announcement messages.
DSCMA Max. 8 Conference calling
DSMSA Max. 8 Tx/Rx DTMF/R2-MFC signals.
DSDTA Max. 8 Tests digital trunk line.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-13
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
DSC
DSBPA
DS
VM
B 0
DS
VM
B 1
DS
CM
A 0
DS
CM
A 1
DS
MS
A 0
DS
MS
A 1
DS
MS
A 2
DS
DTA
0
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
1.6 FPH Block
The FPH block interworks with the PRI block and provides mobile communication
subscribers with frame relay and packet service.
The FPH block consists of :
Frame relay & Packet protocol Back Panel Assembly (FPBPA)
Frame relay & Packet protocol Routing Controller Assembly (FPRCA)
Frame relay & Packet protocol Handling Controller Assembly (FPHCA)
Figure 2.7 Diagram of FPH block mounting
Table 2.6 FPH block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
FPBPA 1 FPH block rear board
FPRCA 2(redundancy
)
Controls the FPHCA under the control of the ASPP :
Exchanges messages with the FPH mounted on other subsystems.
FPHCA 5 Handles the frame relay and Tx/Rx packet data using the TSL.
Page 2-14 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
FPH
FPBPA
FP
RC
A A
FP
RC
A B FP
HC
A 0
FP
HC
A 2
FP
HC
A 1
FP
HC
A 3
FP
HC
A 4
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
1.7 S7H Block
The S7H block handles No.7 type of interoffice signaling.
The S7H block consists of :
Signaling System No.7 Protocol Handler Back Panel Assembly (SPBPA)
Signaling System No.7 Handler Assembly (SSPHA)
Figure 2.8 Diagram of S7H block mounting
Table 2.7 S7H block configuration and functions
BoardNumber
of boardsFunctions
SPBPA 1 S7H block rear board
SSPHA 4 Tx/Rx No.7 signaling data to the TSL block.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-15
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
S7H
SPBPA
SS
PH
A 0
SS
PH
A 1
SS
PH
A 2
SS
PH
A 3
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
1.8 MVQT Block
The Mobile Voice Quality Test(MVQT) block measures the quality of the voice path
of the mobile communication system. The MVQTA transmits specific data to the
BSS to measure the voice quality. The BSS receives data from the MVQTA and
transmits it back to the MVQTA via the Vocoder, Channel Element Block and
Transceiver Block, etc. The MVQTA measures voice quality between the MSC and
BSS using data received from the BSS.
The MVQT block consists of :
Digital Service circuit Back Panel (DSBPA)
Mobile Voice Quality Test Assembly (MVQTA)
Figure 2.9 Diagram of MVQT block mounting
Table 2.8 MVQT block configuration and functions
BoardNumber
of boardsFunctions
DSBPA 1 MVQT block rear board
MVQTA 4 Measures the voice quality between the MSC and BSS.
Page 2-16 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II SLIR
MVQT
DPBPBM
VQ
TA 0
MV
QTA
1M
VQ
TA 2
MV
QTA
3
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
1.9 ASP/ASPP Block
The ASP/ASPP block functions as the ASS processor (ASP : MP function and
ASPP : PP function) and consists of :
Main Processor Back Panel (MPBPB)
Main Processor Duplication Manager Assembly (MPDMA)
Telephony Device Control Master Assembly (TDCMA)
Figure 2.10 ASP/ASPP block mounting
Table 2.9 ASP/ASPP block mounting and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
MPBPB 1 ASP/ASPP block rear board
MPDMA 2(redundancy
)
ASP processor board
TDCMA 6(redundancy
)
ASPP processor board
SDX-MSC II Processor
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-17
SDX-MSC II ASCR-T
ASP/ASPPX3
MPBPB
SP
A-B
MP
DM
A A
MP
DM
A B
SP
A-B
TD
CM
A A
TD
CM
A B
TD
CM
A A
TD
CM
A B
TD
CM
A A
TD
CM
A B
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture’.
Page 2-18 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
2 INS System
The INS consists of :
Space Switch & Link (SSL)
Communication Interworking Network (CIN)
Network Synchronization (NES) CCS
Interconnection Network Processor (INP) CCS
Inter Network Peripheral Processor (INPP) CCS
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-19
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-21
0B
B
INPP×2
B
INP CIN
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
B
OTRMA A
0B
NES
0B
1B NSCMA 1A
B NSCGA A
B CDPIA A
B
CINMA A
TD - Bus
SSL, NES control
P - Bus
SSL, LRP, OMP
1B
2B
3B
DOTS Trunk
U - Link
2BSSMXA 2A
1BSSMXA 1A
ASS 16 ASS 19
MPDMA A TDCMA A
CINIA 27CINIA 0
NSCMA 0A
CTRIA 0A
CTRIA 1A
CTRIA 3A
SSMXA 0A
CTRIA 2A
CTRIA 0~3
SSL 04
ASS 12 ASS 15
CTRIA 0~3
SSL 03
ASS 4 ASS 7
CTRIA 0~3 CTRIA 0~3
SSL 01SSL 01
ASS 8 ASS 11
CTRIA 0~3
SSL 02
SSL 00
ASS 0
ASS 1
ASS 2
ASS 3
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Figure 2.11 INS Structure
Page 2-22 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
2.1 SSL Block
The SSL Block is a Space Switch(80K x 80K) module and performs space switching
of the data received from several TSLs under the INPP control.
The SSL block consists of :
Space Switch Back Panel Assembly (SSBPA)
Central Optic Transfer & Receiver Interface Assembly (CTRIA)
Clock Distribution & Processor Interface Assembly (CDPIA)
Space Switch Matrix Assembly (SSMXA)
Optic Transceiver Module Assembly (OTRMA)
Figure 2.12 Diagram of SSL block mounting
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-23
SDX-MSC II SSWR
SSL
SSL
SSL
SSL
SDX-MSC II CNIR
SSL
SSL
SSBPA
CT
RIA
0A
CT
RIA
0B
CT
RIA
1A
CT
RIA
1B
CT
RIA
2A
CT
RIA
2B
CT
RIA
3B
CT
RIA
3A
CD
PIA
A
CD
PIA
B
SS
MX
A 0
B
SS
MX
A 0
A
SS
MX
A 1
B
SS
MX
A 1
A
SS
MX
A 2
B
SS
MX
A 2
A
SSBPA
CT
RIA
Rack rearRack
front
OTRMA
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Table 2.10 SSL block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
SSBPA 1 SSL block rear board
CTRIA 8(redundancy) Makes traffic and IPC data redundant and inversely redundant :
2K data per board :
Receives 155.52 Mbps data from the OTRMA and converts it into 16.384
Mbps data, and then transmits it to the SSMXA board :
Receives 16.384 Mbps data from the SSMXA and converts it into 155.52
Mbps data, and then transmits it to the OTRMA board.
CDPIA 2(redundancy) Receives clocks from the NSCGA of NES block and provides them to the
SSMAX and CTRIA.
SSMXA 6(redundancy) Space switching under the control of the INPP :
Receives data from 8 EA of the CTRIA board :
Transmits data switched to 4 EA of the CTRIA board.
OTRMA 16(redundancy
)
Converts electrical signals and optical signals :
Tx/Rx of the STM-1(155.520 Mbps) data :
2K data per board
Page 2-24 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
2.2 CIN Block
The CIN block transmits IPC data between the subsystems.
The CIN block consists of :
Communication Interworking Back Panel Assembly (CIBPA)
Communication Interworking Node Interface Assembly (CINIA)
Communication Interworking Node Maintenance Assembly (CINMA)
Figure 2.13 Diagram of CIN block mounting
Table 2.11 CIN block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
CIBPA 1 CIN block rear board
CINIA 28 Provides an IPC data transmission path transmitted/received between the
processors :
Provides four nodes per board(1 node provides 2 U-Links).
CINMA 2(redundancy
)
CIN processor board
Controls IPC network
Maintains CIN(informs the CCPP of failure of the CIN, if any).
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-25
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
2.3 NES Block
The NES block generates and distributes clocks required for each system. Generation
and distribution of the clocks used in the SDX-MSC II are as follows :
1) The NES block receives a reference clock from the external system
(the DOTS and Trunk) and generates a base clock and provides it to the SSL.
2) The SSL receives clocks from the NES and generates clocks for the TSL and the
optical interface, and provides them to the TSL.
3) The TSL generates clocks required for each subsystem by itself based on the
clocks received from the SSL, and provides them to each block.
The TSL extracts clocks from the data received from trunk (the DTI and PRI) and
transmits them to the NES via the SSL. The NES uses the clocks that came from the
TSL, as reference clocks.
The NES block consists of :
Network Synchronization Back Panel Assembly (NSBPA)
Network Synchronization Clock Generation Assembly (NSCGA)
Network Synchronization Clock Maintenance Assembly (NSCMA)
Figure 2.14 Diagram of NES block mounting
Table 2.12 NES block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
Page 2-26 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
NESD
SDX-MSC II CCIR
NSBPA
NS
CM
A
0A NS
CM
A
0B NS
CG
A A
NS
CG
A B
NS
CM
A
1A NS
CM
A
1B
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
NSBPA 1 NES block rear board
NSCGA 2(redundancy
)
Receives reference clocks externally(Trunk, DOTS, GPS, etc) and demultiplex
them into 4 KHz and provides them to the NSCMA. Provides basic clocks
(32.768 MHz) that came from the NSCMA, to the SSL block.
NSCMA 4(redundancy
)
Generates basic clocks using reference clocks received from the NSCGA,
and provides them to the NSCMA.
2.4 INP Block
The INP Block performs the functions of the Main Processor(MP) of the INS and
consists of :
Main Processor Back Panel (MPBPA)
Main Processor Duplication Manager (MPDMA)
Figure 2.15 Diagram of INP block mounting
Table 2.13 INP block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
MPBPA 1 INP Block rear board
MPDMA 2(redundancy) INP processor board
SDX-MSC II Processor :
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-27
INP
SDX-MSC II CCIR
MPBPA
SP
A-B
SP
A-B
MP
DM
A B
MP
DM
A A
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware sturucture’.
Page 2-28 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
2.5 INPP Block
The INP Block performs the functions of the Peripheral Processor (PP) of the INS,
and consists of :
Telephony Device Control Master Back Panel (TMBPA)
Telephony Device Control Master (TDCMA)
Figure 2.16 Diagram of INPP block mounting
Table 2.14 INPP block configuration and functions
Board EA/block Functions
TMBPA 1 INPP block rear board
TDCMA 4(redundancy) INPP processor board
SDX-MSC II Processor
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture’.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-29
INPPX2
SDX-MSC II CCIR TMBPA
TD
CM
A A
TD
CM
A B
TD
CM
A A
TD
CM
A B
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
3 CCS Architecture
The CCS consists of the following blocks :
Operation & Maintenance Processor (OMP)
Alarm Panel Control (APC)
Central Control Peripheral Processor (CCPP)
Figure 2.17 CCS Architecture
Page 2-30 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
B
B
B
APC
B
TD - Bus
P - Bus
U - Link
TD - Bus
CIN
SCSI DKU×4 SDU×3
RS – 232C PC CRT
External Alarm Source
APCIA A TDCMA A
MSBIA A MPDMA A
CCPP
OMP
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
3.1 OMP Block
The OMP block performs operation and maintenance and consists of the following
boards :
Operation & Maintenance processor Back Panel (OMBPA)
Main Processor SCSI-bus Interface (MSBIA)
Main Processor Duplication Manager (MPDMA)
Figure 2.18 Diagram of OMP block mounting
Table 2.15 OMP block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
OMBPA 1 OMP block rear board
MSBIA 2(redundancy
)
Provides the RS-232C port to interface with the PC, CRT and printer :
Provides the SCSI bus to interface with the DKU and SDU.
MPDMA 2(redundancy
)
OMP processor board
SDX-MSC II Processor
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture’.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-31
OMP
O
SDX-MSC II CCIR
OMBPA
SP
A-B
SP
A-B
MS
BIA
A
MP
DM
A B
MP
DM
A A
MS
BIA
B
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Page 2-32 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
3.2 APC Block
The APC Block collects alarms generated in the SDX-MSC II.
The APC Block consists of the following blocks :
Remote Control Back Panel Assembly (RCBPA)
Alarm Panel Control Interface Assembly (APCIA)
Figure 2.19 Diagram of APC block mounting
Table 2.16 APC block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
RCBPA 1 APC block rear board
APCIA 2(redundancy
)
Collects and reports alarms generated at the system.
SDX-MSC II Processor
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture’.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-33
APC
SDX-MSC II CCIR
RCBPA
AP
CIA
AA
PC
IA B
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
3.3 CCPP Block
The CCPP block collects information on faults and the environment, and consists of
following boards :
Telephony Device Control Master Back Panel (TMBPA)
Telephony Device Control Master (TDCMA)
Figure 2.20 Diagram of CCPP block mounting
Table 2.17 CCPP block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
TMBPA 1 CCPP block rear board
TDCMA 2(redundancy
)
CCPP processor board
SDX-MSC II Processor
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture’.
Page 2-34 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
CCPP
SDX-MSC II CCIR
TMBPA
TD
CM
A A
TD
CM
A B
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
4 LRS Structure
The LRS performs the VLR functions and consists of following function block :
Location Register Processor (LRP)
Figure 2.21 Diagram of LRS Structure
4.1 LRP Block
LRP block consists of following boards :
Main Processor Back Panel (MPBPA)
Main Processor Duplication Manager (MPDMA)
Figure 2.22 Diagram of LRP block mounting
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-35
LRP0
B
MPDMA A
LRP9
B
MPDMA A
U - LinkCIN
SDX-MSC II LRIR
LRP LRP
LRP LRP
Air Baffle
LRP LRP
LRP LRP
LRP LRP
MPBPA
SPA-
B
MP
DM
A A
MP
DM
A B
SPA-
B
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Table 2.18 LRP block configuration and functions
BoardNumber of
boardsFunctions
MPBPB 1 LRP block rear board
MPDMA 2(redundancy
)
LRP processor board
SDX-MSC II Processor
For more information on the processor board, refer to section ‘5. Processor
Structure’ of ‘Chapter 2. Hardware Architecture’.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
5 The Processor Structure
The SDX-MSC II Processor is classified as follows depending upon the functions :
Main Processor (MP) : Performs upper level control and during the call
processing performs the upper level functions, general operation and
maintenance of the system, and controls the lower level PP.
Peripheral Processor (PP) : Controls the lower level and various devices to
perform real-time works, and maintains the lower level functions and devices
under the control of the MP during call processing.
5.1 MP
Figure 2.23 Structure of the MP and OMP
Consists of : OMP, INP, ASP, ENIP and LRP
Board : Is the MPDMA(the OMP consists of the MPDMA board and MSBIA
interfacing with the auxiliary memory unit and input/output device.)
Functions : Monitors states of Main Processing, P-bus & U-link interface, PP
and other hardware, etc.
Interfaces between blocks :
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-37
MPDMA
MPDMA
OMP
redundancy
CIN
U-LINK
P-BUS
SDUDKU
PCPRT
MSBIA
SCSI BUS
MPDMA
MPDMA
redundancy
MP
P-BUS
U-LINK
MSBIA
redundancy
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Interfaces between the MP and PP : P-bus
Interfaces between the MP and other subsystems : U-link
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
5.2 PP
Figure 2.24 PP Structure
Consists of : CCPP, INPP and ASPP
Board : Is the TDCMA
Functions : Controls various devices(telephony and maintenance systems) under
the control of the MP.
Interface between blocks
Interfaces between the PP and device block : TD-bus
Interfaces between the PP and the MP : P-bus
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-39
TDCMAMPDMA
TDCMA
PP
RedundancyH/W
DeviceTD-BUSMPP
P-BUS
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
5.3 Processor Configuration of Each Subsystem
Figure 2.25 SDX-MSC II Processor Configuration
Page 2-40 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LRS CCS
INS
ASS 0
CCPP OMPENIP
LRP 0
CIP
ASPP 0 ASPP 1 ASPASPP 2
ASS 19
INPINPP 1INPP 0
: P-BUS
: U-LINK
LRP 9
CIN
TSL
SSL SSL
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
Operation & Maintenance Processor (OMP)
The OMP is to be mounted on the CCS and performs following functions :
Operation : Network control, billing, statistics and database controls
Maintenance : MSC state control, fault control and test control
Interface : Auxiliary memory unit and input/output device between the operator
and exchange station.
ASP
The ASP is to be mounted on the ASS and performs the following functions :
Call flow control : Processes local calls, outgoing calls and incoming calls.
Operations : Measures, collects and reports statistics for calls, and measures and
reports billing.
Maintenance : Monitors the status of the exchange station and detects, reports
and recovers faults.
ASPP
The ASPP is to be mounted on the ASS and controls the hardware blocks mounted on
the ASS, and manages the statuses of blocks.
LRP
The LRP is to be mounted on the LRS and performs the VLR to temporarily store
and manage information of the terminals within the area concerned. The LRP has a
variety of functions : Number controlling, call processing, authorizing and
encrypting, location registering and deleting, terminal activating/deactivating,
terminal searching and subscriber tracking, etc.
ENIP
The ENIP is to be mounted on the CCS and handles the X25 or TCP/IP to let the
system interface with the network control center or CAMA center.
CCPP
The CCPP is to be mounted on the CCS and collects information on all of the faults
and environments within the CCS and runs an alarm device.
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CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
INP
The INP is to be mounted on the INS and performs call-processing functions such as
searching for telephony, and state managing functions such as detecting and
recovering of faults in the switch network.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
INPP
The INPP is to be mounted on the INS and performs SSL controlling and state
managing functions.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-43
CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
6 Others
6.1 Remote Alarm Panel Unit (RAPU)
Alarm device of the SDX-MSC II is the RAPU.
The RAPU collects and reports alarms generated inside and outside the system under
the control of the CCPP, and displays the alarms generated at the system to let
operators recognize them easily.
The RAPU has two functions as follows :
Alarm collecting : Collects alarms via 128 EA of alarm cable connected with the
environment alarm detection system outside the system, and then informs the
CCPP of collected alarms via the TD-bus.
Alarm displaying : Displays three kinds of the alarms received from the CCPP
visually and audibly : critical alarms, major alarms and minor alarms.
The major parts are all redundant to improve the reliability of the RAPU, and up to 3
EA of the alarm display part are available. The RAPU can be installed on the OMC,
when necessary. In this case, the alarm status of the system can be checked also in the
OMC.
6.2 Auxiliary Memory Unit
Disk Unit (DKU)
The DKU, a random access storage device, stores the system level generic program,
database and input/output messages, etc.
The DKU interfaces with the OMP via a single-ended type of SCSI-II BUS. Each
redundant SCSI line is connected with two DKUs, and these two DKUs are
redundant. When writing data, the DKU simultaneously writes data at both the active
and standby sides, and when reading data, it reads data from the active side.
Storage Device Unit (SDU)
The SDU uses commercial Digital Audio Tape (DAT) as a storage medium. The DAT
stores information on billing, statistics, maintenance and operation control, etc.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 2. Hardware Architecture
The SDU interfaces with the OMP via a single-ended type of the SCSI-II Bus.
6.3 Input/Output Device
The SDX-MSC II interfaces with commercial CRTs, PCs and printers, etc in the same
way as the RS-232 or the RS-422.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 2-45
CHAPTER 3
Software Architecture
1 Features of the Software
The SDX-MSC II is a Stored Program Control (SPC) electronic switching system
and the software is modularized. The SDX-MSC II software was designed in
consideration of reusability.
The SDX-MSC II software has the following features :
Distributed Software
The SDX-MSC II has a distributed Software Architecture to perform complex and
comprehensive functions by several processors performing simple functions.
If some of the functions have faults, a distribution software system can minimize the
effects on the system by localizing the fault wave.
Software Modularization
To enable software modularization, the SDX-MSC II consists of elements designed
to minimize overlapped parts between the software. Therefore, it is very easy to
perform debugging, modifying, adding and deleting work.
Fault-tolerant
The SDX-MSC II has a redundant processor, disk and other important parts to
improve stability, and uses a reliable protocol with high speed and low overheads for
communication between the processors.
Virtual Switching Machine (VSM) Mode
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 3-1
CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
The SDX-MSC II has been designed in the VSM mode. The VSM mode constitutes
an independent unit including hardware and hardware controlling software, and
combines those units to produce a new unit.
The VSM mode system can easily expand, improve and add hardware and software
without modifying application software.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture
Applications of the Database Control System
The software of the SDX-MSC II uses a DataBase Management System(DBMS) to
easily maintain and operate the SDX-MSC II. The DBMS has the following
advantages :
Uses standardized expressions of information to remove problems during data
operation and control.
Reduces the amount of redundantly stored data to improve data efficiency.
Ensures data safety and maintains integrity.
Provides an operator-friendly query language.
Applications of Real Time Programming Languages
The Peripheral Processor (PP) of the SDX-MSC II requires real time processing and
has been designed with MC68060/MC68360 assembly and C languages. The Main
Processor (MP) performs functional processes and uses the CHILL language to ensure
programming readability, software maintainability and portability of the software.
International Standardization
The SDX-MSC II is based on the CCITT recommendations and has adopted the most
advanced software designing concepts.
The SDX-MSC II has used the SDL, which is a function statement language, to
produce design documents, and the Man-Machine Language (MML), an input/output
language, which is based on the CCITT recommendations. All of the system
application functions use CHILL, which is the CCITT standard and advanced
language.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 3-3
CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
2 Software Architecture
The SDX-MSC II software consists of one or more execution modules and each of
these modules consists of one or more blocks.
The execution modules are as follows :
Application software
Call processing and mobility management software
Administration and operation software
Maintenance software
DataBase Management System(DBMS)
Operation System(OS)
Figure 3.1 Software Functions Structure
Call Processing and Mobility Management Software
The call processing and mobility management software monitors and controls all of
the statuses, from generation to completion of calls to process calls successfully.
The call processing and mobility management software performs a variety of
Page 3-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Call Handling&
MobilityManagement
SW
MaintenanceSW
TelephonyInterface SW
CROSRMOS
File System
SDX-MSC II Hardware
Administration&
Operation SWDBMS
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture
functions such as real time processing, multiprocessing, multiprogramming,
distributed controlling and resource sharing between calls, and is classified into two
levels, which are the upper level and lower level.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 3-5
CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Upper level call processing software : Signal analysis, number translation,
telephony setup, routing/hunting, call monitoring, operation control and data
generation, etc.
Lower level call processing software : Status monitoring, signal processing,
telephony control and interfacing with upper level functions.
Administration and Operation Software
The Administration and Operation Software provides system administration, test,
measurement and statistics, large capacity data control and an operator interface, etc.
The administration and operation software are distributed in the ASS and CCS. The ASS
receives various information from the call processing and mobility management
software, and stores this information. The CCS collects data from the administration and
operation software, and stores the data to a system disk and Digital Audio Tape(DAT).
The administration and operation software includes the following functions :
Man-machine interface management
Billing management
Traffic measurement
Network management
Data management.
Maintenance Software
The maintenance software provides various functions to enable operators to manage
the system conveniently and effectively, maintaining high reliability of the system
and providing high quality services.
Database Management System (DBMS)
The Database Management System (DBMS) stores and manages various data
coherently(at one place) to enable all of the application programs of the SDX-MSC II
to share the data. The DBMS manages data residing in main memory, and retrieves
and modifies the data depending upon the requests of the application programs.
Operating System (OS)
The Operating System (OS) enables various programs(processor manager, IPC
manager, time manager, memory manager, exception manager, input/output manager,
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 3. Software Architecture
and file manager, etc.) to exchange programs effectively. The OS consists of the
upper level CROS and lower level RMOS.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 3-7
CHAPTER 4
Call Processing and Mobility Management
1 Number Translation and Sending
1.1 Mobile Communication Subscribers Numbering System
The numbering system of the mobile communication subscribers is as follows :
Figure 4.1 The numbering system of mobile communication subscribers
Mobile Country Code (MCC)
The MCC is the last 3-digits of the IMSI and is a national code regulated by the ITU-
T(International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunication Standardization
Sector). The ITU-T E.163 has regulated each national code.
Mobile Network Code (MNC)
The MNC, is the last 2-digits of the NMSI and is a network identification number
given to the mobile communication providers.
Mobile Identity Number (MIN)
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-1
MCC MNC MIN
NMSI
IMSI
123456789101112131415
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
The MIN, is the first 10-digits of the NMSI and includes the identification number of
the mobile communication terminals within the network. The MIN consists of the
MIN1(first 7-digits of MIN) and the MIN2(last 3-digits of MIN). MIN1 is used for
authorization processes and MIN2 is used for unique challenge process.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
National Mobile Station Identification (NMSI)
The NMSI, is the first 12-digits of the IMSI and includes the MNC (network
identification number) and MIN (mobile communication identification number).
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
The IMSI is a mobile communication subscriber identification number used for
international roaming, and is defined by ITU-T E.212. It consists of a maximum 15-
digits.
Mobile subscriber numbering system per country
The numbering system per country is based on the requirements for each
country and the domestic system of mobile communication subscriber
numbering may vary depending upon the requirements and numbering plans
of each provider.
1.2 Call Processing Related Information
In addition to the mobile communication subscriber numbers, the following
information is used to process the mobile communication calls :
Electronic Serial Number (ESN)
The ESN consists of a 32 digit number(producer symbol, hold number, equipment
serial number and others) that is assigned to each terminal by the terminal
manufacturers. The ESN checks if the mobile communication terminals are being
used legally. The ESN is stored in the HLR and mobile communication terminals.
When the mobile communication terminal registers the location or sends and receives
calls, the MSC receives the ESN from the HLR to store it temporarily.
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
The TMSI is temporary data assigned and stored by the MSC and identifies the
mobile communication subscribers within the area controlled by the MSC. The
purpose of the TMSI is to prevent the IMSI from being exposed on a radio path and
to enable the MSC to search the subscribers’ data quickly.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-3
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Temporary Local Directory Number (TLDN)
The TLDN is assigned by the terminating side of the MSC and is used to route
incoming calls. However, the originating side of the MSC receives the TLDN from
the terminating MSC via the HLR, and uses the TLDN to route the calls to the
system where the mobile communication terminals are located.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
Location Area Identifier (LAI)
The LAI identifies the location areas.
CELL Identification (CELL ID)
The CELL ID identifies the cells and consists of a BSC ID and BTS ID. Each MSC
is able to connect up to 12 BSCs and each one of the BSCs is able to connect up to
64 BTSs. 12 X 64 = 768 BTS / MSC
AUTHR, AUTHU, AUTHBS, SSD, RAND, RANDU, RANDBS, COUNT
These are the authorization and encryption parameters.
Authorization and Encryption
For more information on authorization and encryption, refer to section ‘3.
Security Procedures(Authorization and Encryption)’ of ‘Chapter 4. Call
Processing and Mobility Management’.
A-KEY
Secret key only stored in terminals and authorization center, and is used for
encryption. This is neither exposed to radio interface nor used by the PCS.
Voice Privacy (VP) and Signaling Message Encription (SME)
The VP is identical to the Private Long Code Mask and is used for encryption of
voice. However, the SME is used for encryption of signaling messages.
IMSI Detach Flag
Indicates the IMSI detach and attach status of the terminals.
Teleservice
Identifies if the teleservice is provided.
Bearer Services
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-5
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Identifies if the bearer service is provided.
Supplementary Services
Identifies what Supplementary services are provided to the subscribers.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
1.3 MSC Number Translating and Sending
The SDX-MSC II shall satisfy the following requirements of the numbering system :
Uses the open numbering and close numbering system together.
Handles a maximum of 20 digits to deal with local calls, international calls,
intelligent network calls and interworking calls of other providers, etc. Also,
when necessary, it can increase the process capability without adding hardware.
The SDX-MSC II performs the following functions of numbering translations :
Translations of service identification numbers, subscriber numbers and special
numbers, etc.
Translation of special service numbers.
Identification and translation of mobile communication subscriber numbers
The TLDN identification and translation to send and receive signals of the
mobile communication subscribers.
Translation of numbers enabling the supply of intelligent network services.
Location registration and call control by estimating the mobile telephone number
of a 3-digit mobile prefix and 4-digit mobile prefix, based on a total digit length.
Prefix Extension
Translates mobile telephone number having a different prefix, based on the
total length. Therefore, ‘01X-123-4567’ and ‘01X-1234-5678’ can be used
together.
The SDX-MSC II can analyze the following information by the trunk EN and route
numbers :
State of the trunk line registration (including the function of handoff only trunk
line).
(Alternative) route number and trunk line EN.
Type of trunk line (one way, both ways, incoming, outgoing and E1).
Available signal types (PS, IMP, DEC, CCS NO.7).
Other required information.
The SDX-MSC II can analyze the following information with the IMSI or the TMSI
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-7
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
of the mobile communication subscribers :
Status of the subscriber’s permission for use.
The TMSI, IMSI and DIALDGT of the subscribers, current MSC ID, ESN,
location areas and BUSY/IDLE.
Status of the subscriber’s service registration.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
The SDX-MSC II has the following sending functions when interfacing with other
exchanges :
Transit the numbers : LINK-BY-LINK mode and END-TO-END mode.
Sending of the numbers : ENBLOC mode and OVERLAP mode.
Screen : Limits incoming calls from specific subscribers and sends a recording
announcement regarding limited calls to the relevant subscribers.
Call screen per incoming route : Limits incoming calls from specific routes and
sends a recorded announcement regarding incoming calls from limited routes.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-9
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
2 Routing and Other Carrier Roaming
The SDX-MSC II can analyze roaming information to perform transmitting and
receiving of calls to and from other mobile communication networks, or analyze
information received from other service networks(the PSTN and ISDN) and network
elements, etc to route calls. Routing of calls includes the interfacing between SDX-
MSC II and other MSCs, and interfacing between SDX-MSC II and internal network
elements.
2.1 Routing System
The SDX-MSC II shall satisfy the following requirements regarding routing :
Maximum of eight times of alternative routing is permitted.
Priority subscribers can perform routing earlier than other subscribers.
Handoff calls can perform routing earlier than other service routing.
Handoff calls can perform routing using a leased trunk line.
Fixed Routing System
Routes between the originating station and destination station are fixed. Operators
can change the routes manually.
Dynamic Routing System
Time-dependent routing : Changes routs at the fixed time of one day or one
week. The dynamic routing system considers traffic variations depending upon
the time and can use idle circuits effectively if the busy time is different between
the MSCs.
State-dependent(Adaptive) routing : Decides routes automatically, based on
network status information(outgoing trunk’s occupancy and call processing
status, etc) that has been sent to the MSC from the MSC or central management
center.
2.2 Routing Applications
Automatic Alternative Routing
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
The Automatic Alternative Routing applies forward directed sequential call control
and is used for two or more of the other MSCs and routing paths.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-11
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Automatic Rerouting
If the information ‘impossible for routing’ is received from the MSC that has
generated blocking on the routing path (faulty or occupied outgoing circuits), this
method reroutes the information to another MSC. In automatic rerouting, circular
routing that resets the route to the location were the blocking is generated, is
prevented.
Load sharing
The Load Sharing distributes calls depending upon the specified ratio to share the
load of the MSC or the trunk line related to the routes.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
3 Security Procedures (Authentication and Encryption)
The SDX-MSC II provides the following functions to prevent illegal use of services
or wiretapping.
Identity and Authentication
Traffic data encryption (Voice Privacy)
Signaling Message Encryption
The identity and authentication verifies the terminal and subscriber information to
prevent an illegal terminal or unauthorized use of services. To do so, the mobile
communication terminal and network share a secret key. When the authentication
procedure is required, the mobile terminal and network perform the same
authentication algorithm, and compare the outcomes to verify the legality of the
terminal and services.
The subscribers will be able to use services after passing this identity and
authentication procedure.
After passing the identity and authentication procedure, subscribers can select the
following functions : encryption for traffic data(prevents wiretapping of subscribers’
information received from and transmitted to the radio channels) and encryption of
signal messages of selected calling channels(prevents wiretapping of signal messages
transmitted between mobile terminals and base station via the radio network.)
3.1 General Matters
Shared Secret Data (SSD)
The SSD is stored in the terminal’s semi-permanent memory and the AC
(Authentication Center), and a 128-bit value for the purpose of authentication and
encryption).
The SSD-A is used for the identity/authentication procedure and the SSD-B is used
for encryption of traffic data and signal messages. Contents of the SSD cannot be
verified at the radio interface section.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-13
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
In addition, the MSC shares the SSD that generates the authentication results or
encryption key, with the VLR upon request of the operators and performs
authentication at the AC as well as at the VLR. When the SSD is shared with the
VLR, the VLR performs the following functions :
Performs and compares a ‘Common Encryption Algorithm’ to generate
authentication result values, such as the AUTHR, AUTHBS and AUTHU.
Updates the call history count.
Selects RANDU, a random value, at the time of a sole attempt and response
procedure.
Generates a voice security key(private long code mask) and signal message
encryption key (SMEKey).
Random Attempt Values (RAND)
The RAND is a 32-bit value stored at the terminal. The RAND, if it is received from
call channel, is the same as the value received from recent access parameter
messages.
Call History Count
The call history count is a modular-64 counter value stored at the terminal and
network. It can be updated at the terminal : 1) whenever the traffic channel with
forward direction receives commands for parameter update, 2) by the parameter
update command after channels are assigned during incoming and outgoing call. This
value is used for identity and authentication by being compared with the count value
that is maintained at the network.
Generation of Identity/Authentication and Encryption Data
Figure 4.2 shows correlation of the data that is used for authentication and
encryption. ‘A Key’ in the figure indicates a secret key stored only at the terminal
and authentication center, and generates the SSD used for authentication and
encryption using a random variable selected at the Authentication Center.
The authentication procedure generates authentication result values using the SSD-
A(specific part of the SSD), random variable and other parameters, etc.
On the other hand, the encryption procedure generates the SMEKey (encryption key
of each terminal) or Private Long Code Mask using the SSD-B(specific part of
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
shared secret data) and other inputs.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 4-15
CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
Figure 4.2 Generation of Identity & Authentication and Encryption Data
3.2 Authentication
The SDX-MSC II verifies the terminal validity and rejects the services for illegal
terminals, and verifies the validity of the following :
Validity of subscribers (using the IMSI) :
Validity of terminals (using the ESN)
3.2.1 Authentication Procedure and Input Parameters
The authentication procedure processes the related data between the BTS and
terminal to verify the validity of the terminal. The authentication procedure is
performed when the terminal demands location registration and incoming/outgoing
call processing, and is completed when secret data shared by the terminals and the
BTS is identical with each other.
The following are descriptions on authentication input parameters depending upon
the authentication and corresponding procedures.
Page 4-16 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SSD_Generation
procedure
Authentication Input
Parameter
SSD-A SSD-B
SMEKey Generation
Parameter
Auth_Signature
Procedure
SMEKEY_Generation
Procedure
Authentication Result SMEKEY
A-key RANDSSD ESN
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
Broadcasting Type Authentication Procedure
The Broadcasting Type Authentication broadcasts the RAND values for performing
authentication using forward direction channel/paging channel (access parameter
message). Then, all of the terminals accessed from the cell concerned perform this
procedure at the time of system access (location registration, calling and paging
response). The terminals calculate the AUTHR value using the RAND values received
from the terminals and send it to the MSC. Then, the MSC compares the RAND values
received from the terminals with the pre-calculated AUTHR values to perform the
authentication procedure.
Individual Authentication (Unique Attempt/Response Procedure)
This performs authentication using messages other than the messages used at call set-
up and location registrations of the MSC. The MSC tries to get authentication by
transmitting authentication parameters including the RANDU values to the terminals.
The terminals use the received RANDU values and calculate the AUTHU and then
transmit the values to the MSC.
The MSC performs authentication by comparing the AUTHU values received from
the terminals with the AUTHU values calculated in advance.
The network including the exchanges always opens or controls the Individual
Authentication Procedure. The Individual Authentication can be performed on the
paging/access channel or traffic channel of forward and backward direction.
3.2.2 Authentication Parameters Update
The MSC updates the following authentication parameters when the Authentication
Center requests to modify the SSD related to terminal authentication and call history
count data.
SSD Update
Updates the Share Secret Data (SSD).
Call History Count Update
Updates the Call History Count, which is authentication data.
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CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
3.3 Encryption
The MSC encrypts radio data and signaling messages between the terminals and BTS
to provide the subscribers with the same security as the cable link.
3.3.1 Voice Privacy
The Voice Privacy makes an encryption of the data, which the mobile communication
terminals and BTS transmit and receive through traffic channels, and prevents the
subscribers’ voice and data from being wiretapped.
Originating Call :
1) Call originating terminal asks the MSC to set up calls.
2) The MSC asks the Authentication Center to authenticate terminals.
3) The Authentication Center transmits the Private Long Code Mask (PLCM) to the
MSC to respond to authentication requests received from the MSC.
4) The MSC assigns channels and transmits the PLCM to the BSC.
5) The BSC transmits the PLCM to the BTS. The BTS asks for masking of the data
using the PLCM when the outgoing terminal transmits traffic data.
6) Makes use of the PLCM between the BTS and terminals to transmit the masking
data (traffic channels cannot be wiretapped without knowing the PLCM.).
Terminating Call :
1) The BTS sends paging signals to call terminating terminals.
2) Call terminating terminal responds to the paging signals.
3) The MSC asks the Authentication Center to authenticate terminals responding to
paging signals.
4) The Authentication Center transmits the Private Long Code Mask (PLCM) to the
MSC to respond to authentication requests received from the MSC.
5) The MSC assigns channels and then transmits the PLCM to the BSC.
6) The BSC transmits the PLCM to the BTS. The BTS asks for data masking using
the PLCM when transmitting traffic data using terminating terminals.
7) Makes use of the PLCM between the BTS and terminals to transmit the masking
data (traffic channels cannot be wiretapped without knowing the PLCM).
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3.3.2 Signaling Message Encryption
The Signaling Message Encryption makes encryption of signaling messages between
the mobile communication terminal and the BTS to prevent wiretapping.
When the mobile communication transmits and receives signals, the MSC receives
the SMEkey from the Authentication Center and transmits it to the BSC. Either the
mobile communication terminal or the BTS makes use of the SMEkey to make
encryption of the signaling messages.
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4 Location Registration
4.1 Introduction
The Location Registration is used to register information on location, status, party
identification and slot frequency, etc for each terminal on the CDMA network to let
the mobile communication terminal handle incoming calls effectively. The MSC
registers locations by itself and the BSS interworks with both the MSC and mobile
communication terminals to support the registration of terminal locations on the
CDMA network.
Registers location for the following cases :
When the mobile communication terminal is activated or deactivated.
Depending upon the periodic time terminal.
When the mobile communication terminal changes the location area.
When the operator demands it.
4.2 Types of Location Registrations
The SDX-MSC II monitors the BTS periodical broadcasting messages, such as the
system parameters, CDMA channel list, expansion system parameters and access
parameters, etc. When the terminal memory has different values, the SDX-MSC II
registers nine types of locations :
Power Up Registration
When the mobile communication terminal turns ON, the Power Up Registration
informs the MSC of the terminal’s current activated status. When the mobile
communication terminal repeatedly turns ON and OFF for a short time, the Power
Up Registration turns ON and then registers the locations after an elapse of specific
time to avoid consecutive registration.
Power Down Registration
When the terminal turns OFF after registration, the Power Down Registration turns
ON. At power service interruption, the location information is to be deleted.
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Timer Based Registration
The Timer Based Registration turns ON when the built-in call channel slot counter
value (80 ms) reaches the BTS maximum value. The registration is to be used to let
the BSC automatically release the location of the terminal, which has failed at the
power service interruption registration.
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Zone Based Registration
Zone means the mobile communication service supply area and consists of several
cells. The terminal stores lists of the zone movement. Zone Based Registration is to
be made when the terminal moves to a new area (the area which has no zone list
stored inside the terminal).
Parameter Change Registration
The Parameter Change Registration turns ON regardless of the roaming state, when
parameters of the mobile communication terminal change, for instance, slot
frequency index, slot mode indicator, incoming call set-up indicator, band class,
power grade, transmission speed and operation mode, etc.
Distance Based Registration
The Distance Based Registration turns ON when the distance between the latest
registration system and current system exceeds the threshold. The mobile
communication terminal estimates the distance between the latest location
registration and current system (estimation of the distance between the latitude and
longitude).
Ordered Registration
The Ordered Registration turns ON when the terminal is given a location registration
command from the BSC.
Implicit Registration
The Implicit Registration turns ON when the BSC detects the terminal location at a
successful sending of the call out and calling response messages of the mobile
communication terminals.
User Zone Registration
The User Zone Registration turns ON when the mobile communication terminal
moves to the designated area (users service area).
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4.3 Location Registrations
Initial Location Registrations
When subscribers register terminal location for the first time after subscribing to
mobile communication services (the TMSI has not been assigned to the terminal
during the initial registration), the IMSI is to be used to register the locations. When
the VLR fails to perceive terminals during normal location registrations, the IMSI is
to be used to register the locations.
Normal Location Registrations
Normal Location Registrations shall be made when subscribers move to either the
same MSC area or a different MSC area after completing the location registration at a
specific area. In the case that the serving MSC (supplying services by terminal) reports
the newly registered terminal location to the VLR, and the VLR notifies the HLR of
associated information (ESN, MIN, MSCID and qualification information code, etc)
and takes action against their responses.
Registers locations at the VLR only, not transmitting information to the HLR.
Location has been registered at the VLR in advance.
Terminal is under an active state.
Location can be registered after exchanging information with the HLR.
The terminal of the VLR is under an active status :
The VTR has no information on the terminal.
The information from the terminal cannot be interpreted.
Inactive and Deregistered of the Terminal
When the MSC decides that a terminal registered at the area has become inactive for
more than a specific time, the terminal sets inactivation at the internal data structure
or deletes all of its records and transmits the ‘MSINACT’ message to the VLR.
The VLR can display an inactive state of the terminal or deregister all of the records
regarding the terminal. When the MSC decides an active state of the terminal after
the VLR deregisters the terminal related information, the VLR launches to notify the
HLR of the registrations and updates the internal data structure.
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Deregistration is to be made when terminal registration is needed to be deleted
because of the terminal’s power service interruption order, terminal’s inactive state
report and radio connection loss reports, etc. The deregistration can be done by
serving the MSC, and internal algorithm of the operators and serving VLR. At the
deregistration, the MSC erases the terminal related contents stored in memory and
transmits the associated messages to both the VLR and HLR. The VLR erases the
terminal related contents from the memory after receiving messages, while the HLR
deregisters the pointer of terminal related VLR. When the VLR shares the Shared
Secret Data (SSD) during deregistration, the VLR transmits the Call History Count to
the Authentication Center (AC) via the HLR.
Bulk Deregistration
The Bulk Deregistration is used to notify the HLR of all of the roaming terminal data
by the VLR.
Location Registration Controls
Location registration controls do not ask for the location registration by the HLR
regarding all of the location registrations(which have occurred at terminals and the
Base Station (BS)) but for only specific location registrations registered by the
operators, while the MSC demands location registrations by the HLR.
Operators can register the locations using location registration controls : timer-based
location registrations and zone-based location registrations. In addition, the zone-
based location registration can control the location registration requests of the HLR
depending upon the specific base station.
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5 Mobile Communication Subscriber Call Processing
Mobile communication call processing demands not only basic call processing of the
cable telephone network but also mobile communication subscriber call processing of
the mobile communication.
The SDX-MSC II performs the following to set up the subscriber communication
subscriber calls : authentication of the subscribers, encryption, location registration
and paging, etc. After setting up the call, the subscribers perform handoff to maintain
calls continuously even for cell movement.
5.1 Call Processing Functions
The SDX-MSC II has the following functions to achieve subscriber call processing :
Anchor MSC
The Anchor MSC assigns traffic channels for the first time at call incoming and
outgoing. It becomes a fixed point when the terminal makes handoff by another
MSC.
Candidate MSC
When the MSC demands the best cell identifier and signal quality value to let the
terminal make handoff, the Candidate MSC gives the necessary information.
Visitor MSC
The Visitor MSC registers the moving terminal as a visitor subscriber.
Originating MSC
The Originating MSC performs the MSC-H and the MSC-G to launch the call
transfer.
Serving MSC
The Servicing MSC supplies services to the terminals within current service
area.
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5.2 Controls of the Originating and Terminating Calls
Mobile communication subscriber’s originating call processing may vary depending
upon the terminating subscriber’s types. The originating call for terminating to fixed
subscriber sets up a path by the exchange depending upon the terminating DN dialed
after performing the security procedures of the call originating subscriber. The
originating call for terminating to other mobile subscriber inquires on the terminating
subscriber by interworking with the HLR to get the routing information of the
terminating subscriber after performing security procedures.
The subscriber’s terminating call processing includes : the TLDN assignment for the
supply of routing information, location registrations, route set-up, paging and
terminating subscriber authentication, etc.
The procedures of originating and terminating calls are :
Figure 4.3 Originating & Terminating Procedures
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Outgoing call terminal
BSS MSC HLR MSC BSS Incoming call terminal
①
Call set-up
②
③④
⑨
⑩
⑤
⑥
⑦⑧
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
1) Calling party MSC receives the call set-up demand from call originating terminal.
2) Calling party MSC demands authentication of the call originating terminal by the
VLR inside the calling party MSC.
3) Calling party MSC demands location information on the terminating terminal by
the HLR.
4) The HLR demands the TLDN by the destination party MSC.
5) Destination party MSC demands the TDLN by the VLR(the one that the
terminating terminal has registered location) inside the destination party MSC.
6) The HLR transmits the TLDN, which has been given by the destination party
MSC, to the calling party MSC.
7) Calling party MSC analyzes the TLDN and then makes a routing by call
terminating MSC.
8) Destination party MSC analyzes the TLDN, which has been given by the calling
party MSC and demands the location information of the call terminating
terminal by the VLR inside the destination party.
9) When the destination party MSC tries to do paging using the location information
(call terminating terminal location information received from the VLR), the call
terminating terminal responds to the paging received.
10) Destination party MSC sends ring signals to the call terminating terminal. When
the terminating terminal responds, a call path set-up between the terminal and
originating terminal is to be completed.
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5.3 Call Release
The call release starts when demand from the mobile communication terminal is
received or the MSC transmits disconnection messages.
The Call Release procedures are :
Figure 4.4 Call Release Procedures
1) The MSC receives the call release demand from the terminal.
2) The MSC releases various types of resources in use(for instance, ASP, ASPP, DTI,
Time Switch, Space Switch, etc) at the set-up of calls of each terminal.
3) Transmits the call disconnection notice to the counterpart MSC.
4) Releases various types of resources in use, when the MSC sets up calls after being
informed of the call disconnection.
5) Transmits the Clear Command to the BSS.
6) When the BSS transmits a release order to the terminal, the terminal transmits the
Release Complete to the BSS.
7) As soon as the BSS transmits the Clear Complete to the MSC, the Call Release is
to be completed.
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Terminal BSS MSC MSC BSS Terminal
⑤
①
Call Release
②
⑥
③④
⑦
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 4. Call processing and mobility management
6 Handoff
The handoff means changes of the speech path to newly entered cell to maintain a
continuous call, when the mobile communication terminal moves to another cell free
from the cell areas(or sector) in service.
The mobile communication terminal compares the pilot channel intensity, which is
given by the BTS in service, with another pilot channel intensity received from an
adjacent BTS. When a pilot channel measurement at an optional place reaches a
value for handoff, the terminal notifies the BSC of the pilot channel information of
the cell to do handoff, and the BSC makes lists of the cells based on the information
and asks the MSC to do the handoff processing.
The MSC gets a radio channel, which can maintain busy calls against the terminal
requiring handoff, and assigns it to the new call. The MSC does not disconnect busy
calls using a new speech path and instead switches the call to the BTS of the new
area(the area where the terminal moves to).
When handoff is performed within the area of the MSC, the MSC verifies the
possibility of the handoff by interworking with the BSC controlling the target cell
and then makes a switching of the existing speech path to the new path to perform
handoff. If a different MSC performs handoff, the MAP protocol performs the
handoff procedures.
6.1 Handoff Functions of the MSC
The MSC functions to handle the handoff :
Serving MSC : The MSC which has accommodated the mobile communication
subscribers asking for handoff.
Target MSC : The MSC which is to accommodate mobile communication
subscribers asking for handoff.
Anchor MSC : The MSC to which mobile communication subscribers asking for
handoff have set up calls for the first time.
Tandem MSC : The MSC supplying a handoff speech path between the anchor
MSC and the serving MSC, when handoff is made several times.
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When the serving MSC changes at handoff, the anchor MSC controls and maintains
the billing, supplementary services and call processing, etc.
The MSC performs handoff functions as follows :
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Signaling and Voice Information Encryption
Encryption related data processing
Common encryption algorithm, the RAND, the MIN, the ESN and the SSD-B
data processing.
Verifies signal messages encryption key processing.
Verifies voice security processing.
Verifies encryption processing functions of the MSC accepting handoff.
Serving MSC
Demands handoff processing by either the tandem MSC or the anchor
MSC(HandoffBack2)
Asks either the anchor MSC or the tandem MSC to do handoff to the target
MSC(HandoffToThird2).
Asks for handoff processing to the target MSC and to other target MSCs.
Target MSC
Accommodates handoff and increases the segment counter and handles the new
billing ID.
Accommodates new handoff.
Anchor MSC
Handles handoff from the tandem MSC and the serving MSC.
Handles Path Minimization Handoff.
Tandem MSC
Handles handoff between the tandem MSC and the target MSC.
Relays handoff to either the anchor MSC or the tandem MSC.
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6.2 Handoff Classification
From the point of view of the MSC, the handoff can be classified into : 1) handoff
requiring MSC involvement, 2) handoff that the BSC handles by itself.
Handoff requiring MSC involvement : Handoff between the BSC under the
same MSC and handoff between other MSCs.
Handoff that the BSC handles by itself : In the case where the speech path
assigned by the BTS has bad features, the handoff between handled channels
and handoff between the BTS under control of the BSC.
When the BSC handles handoff by itself, it transmits the handoff information to the
MSC and collects the handoff related data.
Handoff Between BSCs Within the Same MSC
The soft handoff is to be performed when the frame offset, which is in use at the
target cell, has the same channel. If not, the hard handoff is to be performed.
Hard Handoff : After performing handoff, makes use of other frequency than the
one which has been used before the handoff, or same frequency. However, with
the channel with a changed frame offset, disconnects calls and switches to the
speech path.
Soft Handoff : When the frequency and frame offset make use of same channel
even after performing handoff, switch the speech path without disconnection of
the calls.
Handoff Between MSCs
When both the Target MSC and Serving MSC exist on the call path and the Serving
MSC does not coincide with the Anchor MSC, apply the backward handoff
procedures. When the Serving MSC does not coincide with the Anchor MSC and the
path minimization function can be applied, apply the path minimization function to
apply continuous handoff procedures. If both cases are not applied, apply forward
handoff procedures.
The MSC functions are included depending upon the handoff type :
Forward handoff : The Target MSC does not include the speech path, and does
not make use of the path minimization.
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Backward handoff : The Target MSC already exists on the path.
Continuous handoff using path minimization : The Target MSC does not include
a speech path and instead makes use of the path minimization.
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CHAPTER 5
Operations and Maintenance
1 Billing/Charging
The billing/charging generates information on the call services supplied to the
subscribers, and records it on a secondary recording media(the SD) or transmits it to
the CAMA Center to settle the account of charges.
Generates the billing related information in the following cases :
Mobile communication subscribers sends calls
Calls arrive to the mobile communication subscribers
Mobile communication subscribers send emergency calls
Mobile communication subscribers send diverted calls
Mobile communication subscribers are given supplementary services
Sends a query to the HLR.
1.1 Collection of Billing Data
Handles the charging data as follows :
1) The ASPs billing data generation block generates the billing data.
2) The OMPs billing collection block collects the ASPs billing data to generate the
billing block.
3) The billing gathering software, gathers the billing block(1K) on the disk.
4) The billing transmission/dump block transmits the billing data stored on the disk
to the CAMA Center, or stores it at the SD.
When a fault occurs at both the billing block and billing storing system of the OMP,
the operator can setup to store the billing data temporarily in the memory of billing
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generation block within the ASP to prevent the data from being lost.
In addition to the case of a fault occurrence at the OMP, the ASP can prevent the
transmitting of billing data to the OMP from the ASP, in order to prevent data from
being lost that can be generated when the load of the CPU or I/O within the OMP is
decreased, or when the processor or software is rebooted.
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When one hour has elapsed after the operator prohibits the transmission of the billing
data(the data transmitted from the ASP to the OMP), the command(prohibition of
billing data transmission) is cancelled automatically. Also, if the billing related
memory of the ASP is full, the command is cancelled even though one hour has not
elapsed and billing data is transmitted to the OMP.
1.2 Control of Billing Information
Output of Billing File Data
The billing data is recorded to the disk in the unit of a file in the OMP. The billing file
can be generated at a minimum of a 30-second interval. The maximum number of
files that can be generated a day is 2,880 files.
To control the mass of data effectively, the SDX-MSC II uses a ‘virtual file system’,
that generates the billing file which is based on the time (minimum 30 seconds) or
size(minimum. 1 Kbyte).
The operator can check the billing file information that is stored to the disk, using the
MMC. The billing file information is output in unit’s of 10 files, and includes the
following :
File name
The total number of files, blocks and CDRs.
File open time and close time
Whether or not transmitted to the SD or the CAMA.
The billing file has its unique ID and is controlled in the directory structure of the
index mode. Therefore, the index can get access to it immediately without an
independent search, upon the operator’s requests for billing file information.
Confirmation of the Billing Storing State
The billing block of the OMP generates the billing files using billing data received
from the ASP and then stores it to the disk.
If the billing disk is abnormal, the billing block stores the billing data in its memory
queue of the OMP, and transmits the billing data to the billing center to prevent the
data from being lost. In addition, it reports abnormal status of the billing storage to
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the operator by outputting alarm messages or fault messages. The operator can check
not only the number of billing blocks stored at the billing storage media, but also
details of the billing data of the billing block.
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1.3 Operations of Billing Storage Media
The billing storage media includes the billing disk and various types of auxiliary
memory units.
Billing Disk
The billing disk controls the billing data based on virtual files, which cannot be
deleted optionally. However, when the virtual files are overwritten, the previous data
is deleted.
Basically, the hard disk(HD) having approximately 2 Gbytes is used for the billing
information disk. The billing data storage capacity is influenced not only by the billing
disk capacity, but also by size of the Charging Data Record(CDR).
Four hard disks mounted on the SDX-MSC II consist of two redundancy pairs for
concurrent writing systems(HD0 x 2, HD1 x 2). HD0 stores the software program,
Program Load Data(PLD) and statistics data, etc, while the HD1 stores the billing
data.
Each disk has the following capacities :
Table 5.1 Disk Capacities
DeviceStorage capacity
[bytes]
Billing area a
[bytes]
Number of
stored calls b
[call]
Remarks
HD(2 Gbytes) 2.0 G 1.8 G 12,600,000 25 Hour
(standard shape)
HD(4 Gbytes) 4.0 G 3.6 G 25,200,000 50 Hour
a. The size of the billing block is 1 Kbytes, 7 calls per block(for instance, 12,600,000 calls = 7 calls/1K
1.8 G)
b. The number of stored calls is based on 144 bytes of the CDR size.
Auxiliary Memory Unit
The Digital Audio Tape(DAT) is used for the auxiliary memory unit for the billing
data storage. The Storage Device Unit(SDU) is the unit that mounts the auxiliary
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memory unit.
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1.4 Operations of Billing Operation Modes
Types of Billing Operation Modes
The billing operation mode includes the ‘CAMA’, ‘LAMA’ and ‘BOTH’.
CAMA Mode : Permits only the transmission of billing data to the CAMA
Center.
LAMA Mode : Permits storage of the billing data to only the DAT.
BOTH Mode : Transmits billing data to the CAMA and stores it in the DAT at
the same time.
The files created at the LAMA mode can be collected in the CAMA mode, and vice
versa.
The billing operation mode can be changed to the MMC. The mode can control the
transmission of the billing data to the CAMA Center or storage of the data to the
DAT by file unit and it can be checked by the MMC. When the MMC is added with
search conditions it gives : lists of files not transmitted to the CAMA and not stored
at the DAT, the number of the files recently transmitted, the number of recently
dumped files, and a list of recently created files. In addition, a file search at the
specified time for file creating is also available.
Automatic Switching of Billing Operation Modes
The billing data that has not been processed by the LAMA or CAMA cannot be
deleted. However, if the billing disk is full, newly generated data has priority over not
processed data. Therefore, not processed data is stored in the memory of the ASP and
OMP.
If the billing disk capacity is full, the billing data can be lost. Therefore, an alarm is
generated when the disk capacity is used over a specific ratio. The alarm has three
levels : minor, major and critical. The alarm level rises or falls down depending upon
the disk occupancy.
When disk occupancy(the ratio of the files that cannot be deleted out of total disk
capacity) exceeds the threshold while operating the billing collection mode in the
LAMA mode or the CAMA mode, the mode is switched to the BOTH mode to
prevent billing data loss.
The threshold that automatically switches the billing operation mode can be inquired
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or changed by the MMC.
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1.5 Billing Backup
The billing data is stored at the disk primarily and then stored at the DAT or transmitted
to the CAMA Center. Therefore, billing data of the DAT can be regenerated using the
disk data. To generate the billing data of the DAT again, each billing data has to be
checked where it is stored. Therefore, storage of the data at the DAT is to be controlled
by the address of data storage disk.
Backup of the billing data from the DAT can be used when the IT Center fails to
analyze the billing data of the DAT.
The billing backup information can be stored up to the latest 100 of the DAT data.
Backup files can be selected in the way that the operator designates the backup start
files and the number of files for backup. In addition, the way, which the number
controlled by history is designated, may be used.
1.6 Billing for Each Type of Call
The SDX-MSC II can use a variety of billing systems depending upon not only
common methods but also the types of calls.
Route Billing
The route billing assigns the billing function for itself against the specific incoming
route or outgoing route, and generates details of the calls relating to calls occupying
each incoming or outgoing route. Only a detailed billing way is permitted to route
billing data. The route billing is used when providers make an account settlement of
the billing or calling party at other provider networks that calculates the bills.
Immediate Billing
Immediate billing generates calls for the purpose of tests inside the telephone
exchange or others, and reports the details of the billing immediately.
Supplementary Service Billing
When mobile communication subscribers register, remove and check the
supplementary services, the Supplementary Service Billing charges for the services.
If billing conditions for the registration, removal and verification prefix of the
supplementary service change, the supplementary service billing data cannot be
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generated.
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SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 5. Operation and maintenance
2 Statistics
The statistics control the system functions to collect, store, analyze and handle data
and sends the statistics outcome. The statistics outcome is to be used for the
operation, maintenance and network management, etc.
The statistics data is transmitted regularly : hourly, daily and monthly. It also can be
transmitted irregularly, depending upon the operator’s requests.
Statistics measurement target is :
Route and trunk
Signal system
Service circuits
Control system
Special services
Overall exchange
Common channel signals
Network controls
System functions
2.1 Statistics Collection Types
Statistics of Routes and Trunk
Measures the trunk and routes :
Incoming traffic
Incoming-terminating traffic
Incoming-outgoing traffic
Event counter by outgoing traffic
Traffic intensity
Holding or seizure time
Statistics of Signaling System
Measurement and statistics of the signaling system can measure the use ratio of the
signaling system mounted on the SDX-MSC II.
MFR circuit
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R2 circuit
Ring circuit
Continuous check tone circuit
Tone circuit.
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Statistics of the Service Circuit
The statistics of the service circuit can measure the use ratio of the service circuit
mounted on the SDX-MSC II. The service circuits to be measured are :
Recording announcement system
Call mixer
Statistics of the Control System
Measurement and statistics of the control system can measure the load of the MP,
such as IPC related information, and transmit it to the operator. It processes data
concerning statistics measurement :
Output time of the daily measurement outcome
Output date and time of the daily measurement outcome.
This function can output or modify the information upon requests of the operators.
Statistics of Special Services
Measures the following special services :
Time of success and failure of the special services
Time of success and failure of the service registration confirmation
Time of success and failure of the service use
Statistics of Overall Exchange
Measures the overall exchange traffic :
Originating traffic
Internal traffic
Originating-outgoing traffic
Incoming Traffic
Incoming Terminating Traffic
Transit Traffic
Terminating Traffic Disconnection calls during calling
Outgoing Traffic
Traffic intensity
Holding or seizure time
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Statistics of the Common Channel
Measures the utilization, availability and performance of the following, relating to
common channel signaling system No.7 :
Signaling link consisting of common channel signaling system No.7
Signaling route
Link set
Route set
Adjacent signaling point
SCCP : Signaling connection control part, etc
Statistics of the Network Management
Measures the network management statistics :
Terminating code automatic controls
Route automatic controls
Terminating code manual controls
Route manual controls.
Statistics of the System Functions
Measures the system functions :
Call loss ratio
Availability : Subscriber lines, trunk, signaling equipment, switches, intra junctor
channel, ring, tone, call mixer and paging broadcasting channel, etc.
Delay time : Incoming response delay, call request delay, call setup delay and
alerting sending delay, etc.
Incoming response delay : Delay time from recognition of the incoming
trunk occupancy to sending of the backward signals to the originating
party exchange.
Call request delay : Delay time from the exchange receiving the
originating call demand messages of the subscriber terminals to the
message sending in response to the messages.
Call setup delay : Delay time from the time when the information for
selection of transit call is available until the time when the trunk seizing
signal is sent to counter-party station.
Alerting sending delay : Delay time from the time when the signaling
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information for the exchange is available to the time when ringing-
backbone or ‘Alerting’ message is sent to outgoing subscriber circuit.
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Signaling time
Time from trunk occupation to completion of sending the information
between the exchanges
Time from occupation of the trunk to receiving of the response signals
Time from trunk occupation to completion of receiving the information
between the exchanges
Time from completion of the information between the exchanges to
sending of response signals
2.2 Statistics Storing and Sending
The Statistic Storing stores the statistics data on the disks. Measured statistics data is
stored on the disk regularly.
The Statistics Sending sends statistics data. All of statistics data measured is
transmitted regularly or to the operation terminal upon the request of the operator.
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3 Network Management
The Network Management maintains a proper traffic level and operates the
communication network. The management is performed by the SDX-MSC II itself as
well as the OMC (Operation & Maintenance Center) connected with the data link.
Network Management Information
The SDX-MSC II transmits the information to the OMC to manage the network :
State of current load
Functions and availability depending upon the traffic
Shape information.
Transmits the information in real time, periodically or upon request of the OMC.
Automatic Control
The automatic control takes actions automatically against various kinds of situations
detected during the system inspection. The automatic control includes : Hard-to-
Reach(HTR) control and trunk reservation control.
HTR control : Traffic rush within the network can detect terminating code(HTR
code) having much less call completion, and register it on a list of the HTR to
control it.
The operator can inquire on a list of the HTR and register or remove the specific
terminating code to the list of the HTR artificially.
Trunk reservation control : Trunk group designates the number of backup trunk.
When the number of backup trunk is less than the threshold, the trunk
reservation control manages the traffic. The calls, to which the trunk group
rejects access, are to be skipped or cancelled.
Manual Control
The Manual Control can control the overload state by use of the MMC command by
the operators. Traffic is controlled based on either percentage (0~100%, 12.5%
interval, 9-stages) or gap interval(0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 300, 600
seconds).
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Trunk group control :
CANT : Connects the limitation target traffic, which enters a specific
route, by recording the announcement.
SKIP : Connects the limitation target traffic, which enters a specific route,
by an alternative route.
CANF : Connects overflow traffic(calls trying to detour because of failures
of primary trunk occupancy) by network control recording announcement
RR : When the basic route is occupied at the Out-of-Chain traffic routing
of the overflow traffic(the call which has failed in the primary trunk
occupancy), Out-of-Chain route is used instead of the normally applied
secondary route.
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4 Overload Control
Overload means that traffic has occurred due to an excess of the capacity of the
system. Improper control of the overload state has a high negative effect on functions
and stability of the call processing performance.
When the traffic inflow exceeds 150 percent of the system processing performance,
the ITU-T Q.543 recommends a capability of more than 90 percent call processing of
the inflow traffic. The SDX-MSC II can control overload automatically or manually
to satisfy the recommendations of the ITU-T Q.543.
Software Overload Detection
The software overload means a rapid decrease of memory availability because
processes have been abnormally generated compared to overall memory quantity.
Each MP regularly inspects the memory availability every six seconds using the
CROS primitive. When memory availability exceeds the threshold consecutively for
more than three times, it is regarded as an overload and the system generates an
alarm to the operator.
Processor Overload Detection
The processor overload detection is very important for overload controls, and the
item that can supremely reflect the event degree of a call event shall be selected.
Currently, ITU-T recommends the overload of the CPU occupancy(%), the number
of non-processed IPC(%) and memory availability(%). The processor overload can
be detected in real time by combining the CPU occupancy and non-processed IPC.
Operators can decide the reference values of the overload detection items. In
addition, it can detect the overload by regularly monitoring the amount of call
processing events, which has been introduced to the actual system together with
processor overload detection.
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5 Audit
The Audit regularly inspects the occurrence of an error for important data within the
programs and systems to maintain software integrity.
When the various types of data do not coincide with each other, a resource loss is
made or system failure may occur. Data inconsistency occurs for the following
cases :
Data has been destroyed because of the memory mutilation caused by operation
failures of the hardware and software.
The processes, in which the OS is under progress due to redundancy switching
or error handling, etc, are compulsorily destroyed.
The IPC abnormally operates.
Program error produces the wrong data.
When an audit function has been found to be faulty after the performance, self-
recoverable failures shall be recovered and irrecoverable failures are reported to the
operator.
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CHAPTER 6
Supplementary Service Functions
The SDX-MSC II can handle supplementary functions. In addition to the services
mentioned in the document, the SDX-MSC II can provide new services within the
permitted area of the service functions, depending upon the user’s requests.
1 Supplementary Functions
Originating Call Barring
The original call barring can prohibit the originating calls sent by a specific
subscriber. When a subscriber(having no permission of call originating) sends a call,
the call cannot be connected and released. However, terminating the call can be
normally processed.
Despite the registrations of special services to the subscribers, the originating
call barring has priority.
Terminating Call Barring
The terminating call barring prevents the terminating calls for specific subscribers.
When calls arrive for a subscriber who cannot use terminating calls, a recorded
announcement and tone notifies the originating subscriber of the prohibition of the
originating calls for a specific time. However, originating calls are normally
processed.
Normal processing for billing on originating calls
Priority processing for terminating call barring even at the registration of special
services to the subscribers.
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Call Restriction by Operator
The call restriction by operator can restrict a specific type of originating call and
terminating call depending upon the subscriber’s grade level.
When a registered subscriber of the call restriction function tries to make a call
or the subscriber concerned is given a terminating call demand, recorded
announcement is sent to the calling party.
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Even if other special services than the originating and terminating call
prohibition function are registered for a subscriber, the call restriction by
operators can be processed with priority.
Each of originating calls restriction and terminating call restriction are processed
independently.
Priority Access
The priority access provides services to special subscribers over other general
subscribers by giving priority when an overload or emergency occurs at the system.
At the occurrence of system overload, the priority access is automatically
handled. At the occurrence of an emergency, however, the operators manually
run the priority access.
The priority access grade may vary depending upon the system overload state
and emergency situation.
Subscriber Observation
The subscriber observation stores information on all of the calls of a specific
subscriber and terminating calls of the subscriber concerned.
Upon requests of the HLR operator, the subscriber observation registers, deletes
and sends the call observation of the subscriber within optional MSC.
The subscriber observation sends both completed calls and uncompleted calls of
originating calls/terminating calls.
The subscriber, who has been given the originating call or terminating call
function, is not permitted to register the subscriber observation.
DTMF Protocol Control
The DTMF protocol control provides subscribers with an intelligent network service.
In other words, when a mobile communication terminal sends a DTMF signal to the
service system to use the intelligence network services(for instance, 700 Information
Service), it can convert the subscriber’s key information to the DTMF messages to
inform the MSC of the information. Then the MSC sends it to the service system
concerned by regenerating it into the DTMF signals.
Message Waiting Notification
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The message waiting notification informs subscribers of message storage at either the
voice post office box or Short Message Service Center (SMC). The subscribers can
find out message storage through a specific pip tone and mobile communication
terminal’s LED.
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Voice Message Retrieval
The voice message retrieval can make subscribers reproduce the messages stored at
the Voice Mail System (VMS). The subscribers, who have an active post office box
switching function, can store voice messages at the VMS and connect the VMS by
post office box connection code to regenerate the voice messages.
Remote Feature Control
The remote feature control can make a subscriber modify his or her services using
another terminal. The subscriber can call a specific RFC DN using a mobile
communication terminal or cable terminal, and can modify the services by entering
the Personal ID Number (PIN) and then feature code.
The remote feature control includes : terminating call switching, terminating call
rejection, accommodation of selective calls, voice/Fax post office box, and
originating call number ID display and barring, etc.
The remote feature control is not to be provided to the subscribers, who have
registered the originating call barring.
Malicious Call Trace
The malicious call trace can detect a specific telephone number and associated
information, when calling a telephone number of the terminating call of the
subscriber(a subscriber who has registered a malicious call trace) is required.
The MSC stores the originating call number of the call concerned. If the originating
call number cannot be identified, the malicious call trace stores the incoming route
and trunk number of the originating call.
SIM Inbound Roaming
The SIM Inbound Roaming can handle a normal call after the Global System for
Mobile Communication(GSM) subscriber performs roaming at the Code Division
Multiple Access(CDMA) network.
The GSM network uses the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).
However, the current CDMA network does not support the IMSI and therefore the
GSM SIM card user cannot use the registration of the IMSI and associated services at
the CDMA network roaming. Therefore, the IMSI-MIN (Mobile Identity Number)
conversion is needed at the Global Location Register (GLR) prior to the use of the
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services.
When a GSM subscriber lends the terminal, the SIM Inbound Roaming assigns a
specific band’s MIN number(using the MIN number assigned to the GSM subscriber
to identify the CDMA subscriber and the GSM subscriber) and registers the IMSI-
MIN conversion information at the GLR.
After the IMSI-MIN information is registered at the GLR, put the SIM card into the
terminal and perform normal call processing after the initial location registrations.
User Identification Module (UIM) Data Controls
The UIM terminal enables downloading UIM related data under a radio state, using
the OTASP of the IS-725-A.
In other words, the UIM subscriber can dial a specific Feature Code (OTASP Service
Feature Code) to download the UIM related data on the UIM terminal, and run the
SCP and Call Setup, then downloads the UIM related data over the SMS messages
among the SCP, MSC and terminals.
Local Wireless Telephone Call Busy Processing
The local wireless telephone call busy processing can control the calling state of
subscribers within the LAN at the MSC/VLR to prevent unnecessary paging
procedures and reduce the lowering of the call completion ratio caused by no
response to the paging.
Call Forwarding
The call forwarding transfers the call to be received to another subscriber’s terminal
or called party subscriber’s Voice Message System (VMS).
Call forwarding does not provide conflicting functions at the same time : absent
subscriber message service and the Do Not Disturb (DND).
Telephone service number of the no reply time(waiting time until calling is
switched to either another subscriber’s terminal or called party subscriber’s
VMS : basic value is 15 seconds) and the call forwarding can be changed.
The originating call barring and terminating call barring has priority over the call
forwarding.
The call forwarding may be classified as follows depending upon the subscriber’s
setup :
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CFD, Call Forwarding-Default
The CFD switches the terminating call of the subscriber when the subscriber is
busy or does not reply for a certain time(terminal OFF, no reply to the BTS
paging demand).
CFB, Call Forwarding-Busy
The CFB switches calls only when a subscriber is busy at the calling time.
CFNA, Call Forwarding-No Answer
The CFNA switches calls when a subscriber does not answer for a certain time.
CFU, Call Forwarding-Unconditional
The CFU switches calls unconditionally regardless of the status of a subscriber.
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Call Transfer (CT)
The Call Transfer (CT) connects holding calls with called calls by calling the new
subscriber after a subscriber holds the busy call(terminating call).
The CT is applied to only the terminating call.
Call transfer times has no limitation.
Billing continues even when the holding subscriber receives the holding voice.
Call Waiting (CW)
The CW replies to a new call when a subscriber is busy. When a new call arrives
during the calling, the CW informs a subscriber over a waiting tone. When a
subscriber presses the SEND button, they can hold the busy call and reply to a
waiting call. When they press the button again, they can reply to a holding subscriber
again and communicate with holding subscriber and new subscriber alternately.
When a subscriber having the CW is busy, they supply call waiting is supplied to
only one of the terminating calls at the same time.
The CW can perform the Cancel Call Waiting (CCW) and the call under the
CCW is effective for only a busy call.
Cancel Call Waiting (CCW)
The CCW cancels the call waiting when a subscriber does not wish to be interrupted
for a specific period of time, due to data communication or an important call, etc.
The CCW is to set up by a subscriber before call setup or during calling.
The CCW is permitted for only the one who has registered the CW.
Control party, who is using Three-Way Calling, Conference Calling, Call Hold
and Call Transfer, is to cancel the call waiting automatically.
Calling Number Identification Presentation (CNIP)
The CNIP sends information to the called party terminal : calling number of the call
arriving at the subscriber and other information.
When the one, who has registered the Calling Number Identification Restriction,
sends calls to the one who has registered the Calling Number Identification
Presentation, the terminal of terminating call subscriber does not display the calling
party’s calling number and associated information(the Calling Number Identification
Restriction has priority over the Calling Number Identification Presentation).
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Calling Number Identification Restriction (CNIR)
The CNIR restricts the display of a subscriber’s telephone number and associated
information on the called party terminal.
When the one, who has registered the CNIR, sends messages to the one who has
registered the CNIP, the called party terminal does not display the calling party
number and associated information(the CNIR has priority over the CNIP).
Conference Calling (CC)
The CC allows the busy subscriber to call others in turn to let several subscribers talk
at the same time. Maximum number of calling parties is six. When the master
completes the call, the CC is to be terminated. However, when other people other
than the master cancels call, the CC function continues.
When the operator additionally gives the originating call barring and terminating
call barring to the one who has registered the CC, the originating call barring and
terminating call barring have priority over the Conference Calling (CC).
Under conference calling, special services(call transfer and call hold, etc) using
special codes are not permitted.
Do Not Disturb (DND)
The DND restricts the terminating call of a subscriber’s terminal. The MSC sends the
recording announcement or messages to inform the calling party(the one who has
sent the call to the one who has registered the DND) of ‘No answer’.
The Do Not Disturb, the Guide during Absence and the Call Forwarding, etc
cannot be used at the same time.
Originating call of the subscriber having active DND can be normally processed.
Mobile Access Hunting (MAH)
After making a group of specific subscribers, the MAH is the function that attempts
the call, which arrives in a pilot directory number (MAH pilot DN), in a specific
order to the subscribers within the group. The MAH calls one subscriber within the
group each time.
Flexible Alerting (FA)
The FA is the function that makes a group of subscribers and simultaneously calls
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the subscribers receiving terminating calls at the pilot directory number (FA pilot
DN) using different types of ringing tones. When the call is connected to the one who
replies first, the remaining call set up is cancelled.
Password Call Acceptance (PCA)
The PCA can make the calling party(the one who has sent messages to the one who
has set up the PCA) enter a password, and sends the calls only coinciding with the
password. When the password does not coincide, the PCA transmits the calling party
recorded announcement or messages of call barring.
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Selective Call Acceptance (SCA)
The SCA permits the terminating call for only the calling number, which exists at the
restriction list(list of calling numbers which allows the one, who uses the SCA, to
send the call to themselves). When a calling party, who has not been listed, sends
calls to the called party set by the SCA, the MSC sends paging broadcasting or
messages of the call barring to the calling party.
Up to ten of calling number can be put into control list.
Calling number of the control list can include the PSTN subscriber number.
Call Restriction and Do Not Disturb have priority over the SCA.
Subscriber PIN Access (SPINA)
The SPINA enters the Personal Identification Number (PIN) when a
subscriber(SPINA service subscriber) sends calls or uses special services, and sends
calls only at the entry of individual ID number. When the SPINA is used to prevent
the terminal from being used or copied illegally, its use of the subscribers on network
is restricted.
Subscriber PIN Intercept (SPINI)
The SPINI demands entry of the Personal Identification Number (PIN) when a
subscriber(SPINI service subscriber) sends special types of calls(local call, local call
& international call), and sends calls only at the correct entry of the PIN. The special
types of the call include local call and local call & international call, and the
emergency call does not demand the PIN. The SPINI is used to prevent the terminal
from being illegally used or copied, it restricts subscriber’s network use.
Three-Way Calling (TWC)
The TWC makes a busy subscriber hold the current call and then calls another
subscriber to let three persons talk at the same time.
Under busy three-way calling, the TWC cannot supply special services(Call
Transfer and Call Hold, etc) using special codes.
Conference Calling has priority over the Three-Way Calling (TWC) when both
calls have been registered at the same time.
Call Hold (CH)
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The CH is the function that makes a busy subscriber enter a Call Hold code to hold
the current call and to call another subscriber and talk. When the line is busy, the
subscriber on hold can talk with another subscriber alternately, but three subscribers
cannot talk at the same time.
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When the line is busy, only one subscriber is permitted to hold calling.
When the operator additionally gives call barring to a subscriber having the Call
Hold (CH), the barring has priority over the CH.
Billing continues even when the subscriber on hold is receiving a hold tone.
Short Message Service (SMS)
The SMS sends and receives short messages(about 140 characters) by mobile
communication terminal. The subscriber can transmit character messages using the
terminal keypad, and can also transmit the messages on the computer using a PC
communication program or the Information Provider (IP) service. The message
transmission way supports one-to-one system(one terminal sends messages) and
broadcasting system(several terminals send messages.).
Supports protocols of the IS-637 : SMS link layer, SMS relay layer and SMS
transport layer.
Provides a direct interface between the SMC and the MSC/HLR.
Voice Message Service (VMS)
The VMS is the function that records voice messages of the calling party when a
subscriber cannot receive a phone call, and then regenerates it upon the request of the
subscriber. When a voice message is generated, the VMS informs a subscriber of the
existence of the message at the Voice Mail Service to let them listen to the
message(s).
FAX Mail Service (FMS)
The FMS sends fax messages to multiple numbers of counterparts at the same time,
including a variety of functions which are inspection and receiving of the messages
registered on the bulletin board, checking of the messages received on the persons
own message service and transmitting of the messages to the facsimile of another
mail service subscriber.
Location Based Service (LBS)
The LBS checks the geographical place of the mobile communication subscriber and
provides them with geographical location information. The MSC has an interface
with the PDE, a location inquiry server, to carry out the LBS.
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Color Ring Back Tone (CRBT) Service
The CRBT Service replaces the single type of ring back tone(a tone produced until a
called party replies to the calling party against terminating call) with various kinds of
ring back tones(melody, advertisement, etc).
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2 Interactions Between Service Functions
Supplementary services may generate interactions between the service functions.
The functions have the following relations :
Table 6.1 Interactions between Service Functions
CW CC CCW CH CT DND CFW MAL OCB OCR SCA TCB TWC VMS FMS CNIP CNIR
CW > > > >
CC >
CCW
CH
CT
DND > * >
CFW > * > >
MAL > > > > > > >
OCB > > > > > > > >
OCR
SCA
TCB > > > > > > > > > >
TWC
VMS
FMS
CNIP
CNIR >
: Simultaneous service impossible * : The one to start first has priority > : The left service has priority.
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CHAPTER 7
VLR Functions
1 Interactive Operation
Interworking relations between the VLR and network elements are :
Interworking Relations Between the VLR and the HLR
Mutual exchanges of data for location registrations
Service profile Tx/Rx for processing of terminating calls and originating calls
Data Tx/Rx for supplementary services
Data Tx/Rx for authentication and encryption.
Interworking Relations Between the VLR and the MSC
Survey and notice of Active/Inactive subscribers at calling and answering
The TLDN assignment of terminating call.
Interworking Relations between the VLR
When location registrations between the VLR occur at the use of the TMSI, the
IMSI of subscriber concerned is to be brought by Interworking with the previous
VLR to process the location registration procedures.
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2 Types of Data within the VLR
The following data is to be stored at the VLR :
Identification and Numbering Plan
IMSI : International Mobile Subscriber Identity
ESN : Electronic Serial Number
TMSI : Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
Types of Subscriber
Mobile Category : Types of the subscribers, such as Normal, CENTREX and
ISDN.
Priority : Priority of the subscribers to supply call processing services to only
limited subscribers at the occurrence of overload.
Authentication and Encryption
Authentication Capability : AUTHCAP
Indicates whether or not authentication of the terminal has been asked.
Authentication Period : AUTHPER
Time interval for authority inspection
Shared Secret Key : SSD
Call History Count : COUNT
Private Long Code Mask(PLCM)
Roaming
Temporary Local Directory Number (TLDN)
Location Area Identification (LAI)
Cell Identification (CI)
MSC ID : The MSC identification is stored at the VLR and HLR as a temporary
subscriber data.
HLR ID : Recovers after HLR reset. The HLR ID is to be stored at the VLR
from the HLR at the location update.
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Supplementary service data
The VLR stores parameters(provisioned or not provisioned) indicating whether
or not the subscriber can be given supplementary services.
At the supply of supplementary services, the VLR stores the types of services.
Additional Services
For more information on the supplementary services provided, refer to
‘Chapter 6. Supplementary Service Functions’.
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Terminal State Data
Inactive flag of the terminal
Indicates inactive state of the terminal as temporary subscriber data.
Not Confirmed flag
After the VLR is reset and recovered, ‘Not Confirmed Flag’ displays whether or
not the data is recovered by the subscriber or the HLR.
Call inhibit
The Call Inhibit displays whether or not the subscriber calling is suspended due
to either non-performance of the subscriber or operation of the MSC.
Billing
Billing category
Stores billing category data of the subscribers.
Call processing
Origination triggers
Defines origination trigger place, which is currently active by the subscriber.
Termination triggers
Defines terminating trigger place, which is currently active by the subscriber.
Origination Indicator
Displays call type permitted by the terminal upon the call origination
Supply of bearer service
Supply of teleservice
Bearer capability allocation
Others
Carrier digits
Indicates carriers between the MSC, which have been designated in advance for
outgoing calls.
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3 Functions
The VLR carries out the following functions :
Number/Identity Management
The VLR stores the IMSI, subscriber identification number of the terminal.
The VLR assigns the TMSI corresponding to the IMSI regarding the terminal,
which the VLR controls to prevent the IMSI from being disclosed on radio
channel(the MSC may assign it).
Call processing
The VLR interface for call processing is :
The VLR sends necessary information upon request of the MSC.
The VLR asks the HLR to inspect information upon request of the MSC.
Authentication and Encryption
The VLR carries out authentication between the terminal and CDMA system to
assure of data security of the subscriber and to prevent the terminal from being
illegally used.
The Authentication Center (AC) carries out authentication through the SSD.
When the SSD is shared, the VLR can also carry out authentication.
‘COUNT’ is used to identify a forged terminal. The COUNT records call history
and is stored in the VLR at sharing of the SSD.
The Authentication Center processes authentication failures and associated
recovery.
Registration notification/cancellation
When the terminal is registered at the VLR, location registration procedures are
used :
Normal location registrations due to location area changes of the terminal :
Upon requests of the location registration due to area changes of the terminal,
the VLR registers the location depending upon some factors which are normal
location registrations, periodical location registrations and recovery of the VLR,
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etc.
Registrations by changes of location areas :
The VLR receives location registration request message concerning visited
subscribers, and modifies the location information of each subscriber, and sends
the location change request messages to the HLR to get information on the
subscribers, and collects subscriber information. However, when the location
area with the VLR area changes, interworking with the HLR is not required.
Periodical Location Registrations
When the VLR receives periodical location registration request messages from
the MSC, it inspects the subscribers concerned. When the inspection is
completed, the VLR sends the location registration completion messages and
then completes location registration.
Registrations at recovery state of the VLR
When the VLR receives location registration requests at recovery state, it resets the
recovery confirmed flag and ‘non-confirmed flag’ of the subscriber and carries
out the registration in the same way as the periodical location registrations.
Cancellation of location registrations
When the VLR receives registration cancellation messages from the HLR, it
cancels the subscriber information from the database.
MS Activation/Inactivation
The Inactivation means the actions, which the terminal takes to inform the mobile
communication network that the terminal is under a suspension state(for example,
terminal OFF). On the other hand, activation means the actions having an opposite
concept of the inactivation(for example, terminal power on).
When the VLR is given the inactivation signal from the terminal, the VLR database
sets the flag of the terminal and informs the HLR of the situation. Recovery of the
activation is informed to the VLR through location registration procedures.
Search
When the VLR is given terminating call requests during recovery, it does not send
terminating call subscriber’s call requests but terminal search requests to the MSC,
which calls the terminating call subscriber using all of the terminals.
When completing the call, the VLR receives answers on the terminal search
Page 7-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 CHAPTER 7. VLR Functions
messages from the MSC, including the LAI (Location Area Identity).
Subscriber tracing
The Subscriber Tracing is to be used to trace the location and calls. When the
subscriber tracing is registered upon requests of the HLR/OMC operator, the HLR
asks the VLR to trace the calls. At this time, the VLR sets flags and informs either the
HLR or the OMC of the associated information.
HLR fault recovery
After recovering failures of the HLR, the VLR is informed of the recovery state and
resets the recovery flag of all of the HLR related terminals. Recovery flag reset
procedure of the VLR is the same as that of the VLR.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Page 7-7
CHAPTER 7. VLR Functions SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
VLR Restoration
When a failure occurs at the VLR database, all of the subscriber related information
is to be removed. The HLR is to be informed of the failure.
Page 7-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
ABBREVIATION
AAAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
APC Alarm Panel Control Block
APC Alarm Panel Control
APCIA Alarm Panel Control Interface Assembly
AR Alternate Route
ASIP Analog Subscriber Interface Processor
ASMI Access Switch Maintenance Interface Block
ASMP Access Switching Maintenance Processor
ASMS Access Switching Maintenance Subsystem
ASP Access Switching Processor
ASP/ASPP Access Switching Processor/Access Switch Peripheral Processor
ASS Access Switching Subsystem
ASS-C Access Switching Subsystem – Complex
ASS-P Access Switching Subsystem – Primary Rate Interface
ASS-W/T Access Switching Subsystem – Wireless subscriber/Trunk
AuC Authentication Center
BBER Bit Error Rate
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts
BLIP Base Station Link Interface Processor
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-1
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
BSC Base Station Controller
BSM Base Station Manager
BTS Base station Transceiver System
CCALIA Compact Analog Line Interface Assembly
CAMA Centralized Automatic Message Accounting
CC Conference Calling
CCBS Customer Care and Billing System
CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
CCM Charging Counter Metering
CCMS Central Control Maintenance Subsystem
CCMX Conference Call Mix
CCP Call Control Processor
CCPP Central Control Peripheral Processor
CCS Central Control Subsystem
CCW Cancel Call Waiting
CDG Charging Data Generation Block
CDL Central Data Link Block
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDPIA Clock Distribution & Processor Interface Assembly
CDR Charging Data Recording Block
CDTIA CEPT Digital Trunk Interface board Assembly
CFB Call Forwarding-Busy
CFD Call Forwarding-Default
CFNA Call Forwarding-No Answer
CFU Call Forwarding-Unconditional
CH Call Hold
CHILL CCITT High-level Language
CI Control Interworking Block
CIBPA Communication Interworking Back Panel Assembly
CIM Charge Interface Management Block
CIN Control Interworking on Node
CIN Communication Interworking Network
CINI Control Interworking Node Interface
Abbreviation-2 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Abbreviation
CINIA Communication Interworking Node Interface Assembly
CINMA Communication Interworking Node Maintenance Assembly
CIP Control Interworking Processor
CIS Control Interworking Subsystem
CLIP Central Link Interface Processor
CNIP Calling Number Identification Presentation
CNIR Calling Number Identification Restriction
CPS Call Processing Supervisor
CPSE CHILL Programming Support Environment
CRBT Color Ring Back Tone
CROS Concurrent Real-time Operating System
CSS Central Switching Subsystem
CT Configuration Table
CT Call Transfer
CTPS Call Trace & Path Set-up Block
CTRIA Central Optic Transfer & Receiver Interface Assembly
CW Call Waiting
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-3
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
DDAT Digital Audio Tape
DBMS Data Base Manager System
DCI Digital CEPT Interface Block
DCIP Digital CEPT Interface Processor
DCN Data Core Network
DG Data Generator
DKU Disk Unit
DLI Data Link Interface
DLL Digital Local Line
DND Do Not Disturb
DPRAM Dual Port RAM
DR Direct Route
DRC Data Read Controller Block
DSBPA Digital Service circuit Back Panel Assembly
DSBPA Digital Service circuit Back Panel
DSC Digital Service Circuit
DSCMA Digital Service circuit for Call Mixer Assembly
DSDTA Digital Service circuit for Digital trunk Test Assembly
DSM Device Status Management Block
DSMSA Digital Service circuit for Multi-frequency Signaling Assembly
DSVMA Digital Service circuit for Voice Message Assembly
DTBPA Digital Trunk Back Panel Assembly
DTI Digital T1 Interface Block
DTI Digital Trunk Interface
DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
EEC Echo Canceller
ESN Electronic Serial Number
ESS Electronic Switching System
EXIP Ether Network and X.25 Interface Processor
Abbreviation-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Abbreviation
FFA Flexible Alerting
FI Fault Interface Block
FL Function List Document
FLM Fault Management Block
FMS FAX Mailing Service
FMS FAX Mail Service
FMSC FMS Control Block
FOL Fiber Optics Link
FPBPA Frame relay & Packet protocol Back Panel Assembly
FPH Frame relay & Packet Handler
FPHCA Frame relay & Packet protocol Handling Controller Assembly
FPRCA Frame relay & Packet protocol Routing Controller Assembly
FR Fault Report
FS Frame Synchronization
GGLR Global Location Register
GSI Global Service Interface Block
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
GSP Global Service Processor
HHDD Hard Disk Drive
HLR Home Location Register
HOC Handoff Control Block
HRC Highway Rate Conversion
HTR Hard-To-Reach
HW Highway
IIBG Inter Block Gap
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-5
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
IDCPA ISDN D-channel Control Processor Advanced
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IN Intelligent Network
INP Interconnection Network Processor
INP Interconnection Network Processor
INPP Inter Network Peripheral Processor
INS Interconnection Network Subsystem
INST Inter Network Supervision & Test Block
IOHU In Out Hardware Unit
IOM I/O Management
IP Intelligent Peripheral
IPBPA ISDN Primary Subscriber Back Panel Assembly
IPC Interprocessor Communication
IPCIA ISDN Primary Subscriber CEPT Interface type A
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISUP ISDN User Part
IWF Interworking Function
Abbreviation-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Abbreviation
LLAI Location Area Identifier
LAMA Local Automatic Message Accounting
LBS Location Based Service
LRP Location Registration Processor
LRP Location Register Processor
LRS Location Registration Subsystem
LSC Local Service Control Block
LSCS Local Signaling Channel Supervisor
LSPS Local Switch Path Supervisor
LTRIA Local optic Transceiver Interface Assembly
MMAH Mobile Access Hunting
MANM Mobile Announcement Hardware Block
MBI Message Billing Index
MC Menu and Command Analyzer
MCAW Mobile Call Waiting Control Block
MCC Mobile Call Control Block
MCFW Mobile Call Forwarding Control Block
MCHD Mobile Call Hold Control Block
MCS Maintenance Control Subsystem
MCTR Mobile Call Trace Control Block
MDSS Multifunction Digital Signaling Service
MFP Multi-Function Peripheral
MGCP Master Clock Generator Control Processor
MHP Mobile Handoff Part
MIN Mobile Identity Number
MIT Maintenance Interface Block
ML Modeling Language
MLSI Mobile Local Service Interface Block
MMC Man Machine Command
MMDST Man Machine Device Supervision and Test Block
MMP Man Machine Processor
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-7
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
MMS Man Machine Subsystem
MMUL Mobile Multiway Calling Block
MNC Mobile Network Code
MP Main Processor
MPBPA Main Processor Back Panel
MPBPB Main Processor Back Panel
MPC Mobile Paging Control
MPDM Main Processor Duplication Manager
MPDMA Main Processor Duplication Manager Assembly
MPDMA Main Processor Duplication Manager
MPDMA Main Processor Duplication Manager
MPH Main Processor Hardware Block
MPSH Main Processor Status Handling Block
MR Modification Request
MRP Mobile Routing Part
MSBIA Main Processor SCSI-bus Interface
MSC Measurements and Statistics Control Block
MSC Mobile Switching Center
MSDP Measurement and Statistics Data Processing Block
MSL Mobile Call System Library
MSS Measurements and Statistics Subsystem
MT Magnetic Tape Drive
MTCS Mobile Traffic Control Subsystem
MTU Magnetic Tape Unit
MVQT Mobile Voice Quality Test
MVQT Mobile Voice Quality Test
MVQTA Mobile Voice Quality Test Assembly
NNCA No Circuit Available
NCD Network Synchronization Clock Distribution Block
NDH Number Data Handling Block
NES Network Synchronization Block
NES Network Synchronization
NEW New-generation Exchange Workbench
Abbreviation-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Abbreviation
NMC Network Management Center
NMI Network Management Interface Block
NMS Network Management Subsystem
NMSI National Mobile Station Identification
NPS Network Performance Supervision Block
NPSV Supervise Network Performance
NSBPA Network Synchronization Back Panel Assembly
NSCG Network Synchronization Clock Generation
NSCGA Network Synchronization Clock Generation Assembly
NSCMA Network Synchronization Clock Maintenance Assembly
NSM Network Synchronization Management
NSP Network Synchronization Processor
NTP Number Translation Processor
NTR Number Translation Block
NWC Network-Wide Control Block
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-9
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
OO&M Operation and Maintenance
OMBPA Operation & Maintenance processor Back Panel
OMC Operation & Maintenance Center
OMP Operation & Maintenance Processor
OMP Operation & Maintenance Processor
OPP Operation Peripheral Processor
OTRMA Optic Transceiver Module Assembly
OTRMA Optic Transceiver Module Assembly
PPB Push Button
PBA Printed Circuit Board Assembly
PBUS Packet Bus
PCA Password Call Acceptance
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCN Personal Communication Network
PCS Personal Communication Service
PDGN Packet Data Gateway Node
PDSN Packet Data Serving Node
PLCM Private Long Code Mask
PLCP Packet Layer Control Processor
PLM Processor Load Management Block
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PMS Processor Maintenance Subsystem
POVLD Processor Overload
PP Peripheral Processor
PP Peripheral Processor
PPH Peripheral Processor Hardware Block
PPM Periodic Pulse Metering
PPOS Peripheral Processor Operating System
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PRN Printout Reference Number
PSI Primary Rate Subscriber Interface Block
Abbreviation-10 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Abbreviation
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
RR2MFC R2 Multi-Frequency Compelled
RA Rate Adapter
RAPU Remote Alarm Panel Unit
RCBPA Remote Control Back Panel Assembly
RCO Route Control Block
RDH Route Data Handling Block
RG Ring Generator Block
RIC Request Interface Controller Block
RMOS_PP Real time Multitasking Operating System _ Peripheral Processor
RR Rerouting
RSGUA Ring Signal Generator Unit Assembly
SS7DH Signaling No. 7 Data Handling Block
S7DIR Signaling No. 7 Data Initial and Restore Block
S7H Signaling system No.7 protocol Handler
S7INM Signaling No. 7 Internal Network Management Block
S7LS Signaling No. 7 Link Set Management Block
S7SDH Signaling No. 7 SCCP Data Handling Block
S7SL Signaling No. 7 Signaling Link Management Block
S7SMG Signaling No. 7 Signaling Connection Control Part Management
S7SRC Signaling No. 7 SCCP Routing Control Handling
SACL Subsystem Alarm collection
SAPI Service Access Point Identifier
SC Sequence Chart
SCA Selective Call Acceptance
SCCI Subscriber Circuit Control Interface
SCCIA Subscriber Circuit Control Interface Assembly
SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part
SCCS Signaling Connection Control Subsystem
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-11
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
SCE Service Creation Environment
SCM Space Switch Control Memory
SCM System Clock Management Block
SCP Service Control Point
SCS Switch Congestion Supervision
SDU Storage Device Unit
SHW Subhighway
SIBPA Subscriber Interface Back Panel Assembly
SIOH Serial Input Output Handler
SL Signaling Link
SLCS Subscriber Line Concentration Switch
SLI Subscriber Line Interface
SLME Subscriber Line Measurement Equipment
SMDX Subhighway Multiplexer & Demultiplexer
SMDXA Sub-highway Multiplex & Demultiplex Assembly
SME Signaling Message Encryption
SMHP Signaling Message Handling Processor
SMHS Signaling Message Handling Subsystem
SMS Service Management System
SMS System Maintenance Subsystem
SMS Short Message Service
SMSC Short Message Service Center
SMTS Signaling Message Transfer Subsystem
SPBPA Signaling System No.7 Protocol Handler Back Panel Assembly
SPC Stored Program Control
SPINA Subscriber PIN Access
SPINI Subscriber PIN Intercept
SPM Software Product Management
SS No.7 Signaling System No.7
SSBPA Space Switch Back Panel Assembly
SSC System Status Control Block
SSCA Space Switch Clock Distribution Board Assembly
SSCM Space Switch Control & Maintenance
SSCO Subscriber Service Control Block
SSD Shared Secret Data
SSD Shared Secret Key
Abbreviation-12 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00 Abbreviation
SSIO Space Switch Input & Output
SSL Space Switch & Link
SSMX Space Switch Matrix
SSMXA Space Switch Matrix Assembly
SSP Service Switching Point
SSP Space Switch Processor
SSPHA Signaling System No.7 Handler Assembly
SSS Signaling and Service Subsystem
SSW Space Switch Block
ST Signaling Terminal Block
STG Signaling Terminal Group
STM Signaling Terminal Management Block
STN Signaling Terminal Network Block
STNI Signaling Terminal Network Interface Board Assembly
STP System Test Plant
STRPT Status Report to NMC
TTBSEL TD-Bus Selection
TC7 Trunk Call Control for SS No.7
TCAP Transaction Capability Application Part
TCAS Transaction Capability & Application Subsystem
TD-Bus Telephony Device Control Bus
TDCMA Telephony Device Control Master Assembly
TDCMA Telephony Device Control Master
TDCS Traffic Data Collection System
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TDN TDX Development Network
TDSH Telephony Device Supervision Handling Block
TDSL Telephony Device System Library Block
TDTIA T1 Digital Trunk Interface board Assembly
TI Trunk Interface Block
TLDN Temporary Local Directory Number
TLT Trunk Line Test Block
TMBPA Telephony Device Control Master Back Panel
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Abbreviation-13
Abbreviation SDX-MSC II System Description/Ed.00
TMS Test Management Subsystem
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
TSBPA Time Switch Back Panel Assembly
TSCMA Time Switch Control & Maintenance Assembly
TSL Time Switch Link
TSL Time Switch & Link
TSP Time Switch Processor
TSW Time Switch Block
TWC Three-Way Calling
UUIM User Identification Module
UPI No. 7 User Part Interface Block
VVDC Virtual Data Controller Block
VLR Visitor Location Register
VLR Visited Location Register
VMH Voice Message Handling Block
VMHP Voice Message Handling Primary Block
VMHS Voice Message Handling Secondary Block
VMS Voice Mailing System
VMS Voice Message Service
VP Voice Privacy
VSM Virtual Switching Machine
XX.25CM X.25 Communication Management Block
Abbreviation-14 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
SDX-MSC II
System Description
©2002 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Information in this document is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd
No information contained here may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
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