SD-1.4.2-Containers & Cargo Equipment
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Transcript of SD-1.4.2-Containers & Cargo Equipment
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Containers and Associated Cargo Equipment
Manuel Ventura
Ship Design I
MSc in Marine Engineering and Naval Architecture
Containers
Manuel Ventura
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 3
Containers - DimensionsOrigin
The container was invented by the American Malcom McLeanin the years 1930. McLean was the founder of the companySea-Land in 1960.
Dimensions
The first international standards were issued in 1965 byISO (International Standards Organization).
In 1979, ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
enlarged the standards adding the heights of 9 and 9 .
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 4
Standard ANSI Dimensions
101608 (2435)8 (2435)10 (2990)1D
8 (2591)1CC
2000203208 (2435)8 (2435)20 (6055)1C
8 (2591)1BB
254008 (2435)8 (2435)30 (9125)1B
8 (2591)1AA
3500304808 (2435)8 (2435)40 (12190)1A
W (approx.)
kgQmax
kgH
ft (mm)W
ft (mm)L
ft (mm)Type
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 5
Containers - LoadsDesign Loads
Corners dimensioned for a stack of 6 containers heightsubmitted to accelerations of 0.8g
Side walls designed for heeling angles up to 30 and for aperiod of roll of 13 seconds
Top dimensioned to carry the load equivalent to the weightof 2 men
Structure designed to be handled only through the use ofspreaders
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 6
Containers ISO Loads
Standard Design Loads
According to ISO 1496-1:1990 standard, fully loadedcontainers must be capable of nine high stacking.
This corresponds on the bottom container to a load of 8 x24,000 kg = 192,000 kg.
Typically, container manufacturers do not comply to thisvalue
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 7
Container Identification (1) ISO 6346 is an international standard managed by the
International Container Bureau (BIC) for coding,identification and marking of intermodal containers (shippingcontainers) used within intermodal freight transport as partof containerization. It establishes: an identification system with:
an owner code, commonly known as BIC code an equipment category identifier a serial number a check digit
a size and type code a country code operational marks
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 8
Container Identification (2)
Owner Code Consists of 3 capital letters of the Latin alphabet to indicate the
owner or principal operator of the container. Code needs to be registered at the Bureau International des
Containers in Paris to ensure uniqueness worldwide.
Equipment Category Identifier
Consists of 1 of the following 3 capital letters of the Latinalphabet: U for all freight containers J for detachable freight container-related equipment Z for trailers and chassis
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 9
Container Identification (3)Serial Number Consists of 6 (Arabic) numeric digits, assigned by the owner or
operator, uniquely identifying the container within thatowner/operator's fleet.
Check Digit Consists of 1 (Arabic) numeric digit to validate the recording and
transmission accuracies of the owner code and serial number.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 10
Container Construction
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 11
Container Stowage
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 12
Container Stowage
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 13
ISO Corner Fittings
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 14
Container Securing
Corner Fittings for ISO containers
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 15
Lashing Components Fixed (1)
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 16
Lashing Components Fixed (2)
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 17
Lashing Components Loose Fittings (1)
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 18
Lashing Components Loose Fittings (2)
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 19
Lashing Components Loose Fittings (3)
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 20
Container Securing
Corner Fittings for ISO containers
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 21
Container Securing - Holds
Twistlock
Conventional securing system, without cell guides
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 22
Container Securing - Holds
Horizontal and verticalsecuring between stacks
The piles are fixed to theside shell throughpressure/tension elements
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 23
Securing - Disadvantages of the
Conventional System If one container fails, it is not only one stack that is
affected, but the entire pile of containers
Due to the dimensionaltolerances, ware anddeformation of thetwistlocks, an entireblock can be submittedto continuous motionsin rough seas, which
may lead theintermediate cones tobreak and thecomplete block tocollapse
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 24
Container Securing - Deck
Cross lashing of several stacks ofcontainers
The containers in the bottom tierare positioned in sockets
Double cones are used in theintermediate tiers
The containers of the upper tierare interconnected by joiningparts
This system is not flexible
When handling a stack, the adjacent stacks must be handled too
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 25
Container Securing - Deck
Sockets can beembedded or not
Socket on hatchcovers aregenerally notembedded
Container socket and lashing points ontop of hatch cover
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 26
Container Securing - Deck
Often used nowadays
The containers arestacked connectedvertically with twistlocks
Stacks are nor connectedto each other
Cables are used forvertical securing (lashing)
This system allows the load and unloadof a single stack
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 27
Containers on Hatch Covers Pillars are positioned at
deck side to allow thecarriage of an extrastack of containers (ateach side) between thehatch cover and the shipside
The pillars havecontainer sockets
The pillars are spaced at
20 modules and aredesigned to allow theaccess of the crew tothe bow through them
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 28
Cellular Guides (Fixed/Movable)
Guides inside Holds
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 29
Cellular Guides (Fixed/Movable)Guides inside Holds
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 30
Cellular Guides (Fixed/Movable)
Guides inside Holds
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 31
Lashing Bridges (1) When the required stack load for 40 containers exceeds
the limit of approx. 100 tons, lashing from hatch cover levelmight no longer be sufficient.
Lashing bridges arefitted on large shipsover 5,000 TEU,installed between 40hatches, and designedto restrain racking
forces from containerstack loads and createfree maintenancespace for reefercontainers.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 32
Lashing Bridges (2)
Higher container weights can be used in the upper tierswhile the lashing system can be simplified, i. e. double crossshort lashing system (Para-Lash) to be used for 40containers from lashing bridge level.
The installation of lashing bridges does not have any effect
on 20 stack loads because 20 containers still have to belashed from hatch cover level at mid-hatch position.
The possibility to stow non-standard containers others than20/40 ISO containers is restricted.
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 33
Cellular Guides (Fixed/Movable)Guides on Deck
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 34
Cellular Guides (1)
The vertical guides are generally built by L profile sections of equalflanges, with thickness 12 mm, raising up to a height sufficient toprovide uniform support to the containers.
The guides shall beconnected between them
and to the side shellstructures by cross-tiesand by e longitudinalelements to avoiddeformations due to theaction of the forcestransmitted by thecontainers.
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 35
Cellular Guides (2) In general, the spacing between cross-tiesconnecting the guides
shall not exceed 5 meters, and their position shall coincide as muchas possible with the corners of the containers.
The cross-tiesshall be constrainedlongitudinally at one or ore pointsso that their elastic deflection dueto the action of the longitudinalload of the containers does not
exceed 20 mm at any point.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 36
Cellular Guides (3)
Arrangement of the Fixed Cell Guides
When stowing the containers in the guides, the nominal tolerancebetween the container and the guide shall not exceed 25 mm in thetransverse direction and 38 mm in the longitudinal direction
The upper end of the guides shall be provided with a block designedto facilitate the entrance of the containers, that shall be robust toresist to impact and ware.
Arrangement of Movable Cell Guides
The movable cell guides systems shall constitute system asindependent as possible from the shell structure
Generally they are screwed to the shell structure.
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 37
Cellular Guides (4) There is an ISO standard that regulates the guides for containers
In a recent study it was verified that the port crane operatorsmanage to execute complete crane cycles to remove and positioncontainers at speeds between the 30 and 60 containers per hour
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 38
Movable Guides
MacGregor supplies movable cell guide systems for containers withISO width (2.438 m) that may be adjusted to secure containerswith lengths of 20, 30, 40, 45, 48 and 49.
The container heights can be 8, 8.5 and 9.5
Feeder Ship GeestdijkDamen Shipyards (NL) 2005
Lpp = 130.00 m
B = 21.80 m
D = 9.50 m
812 TEU
www.damen.nt
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 39
Hatchless Container Ships
The concept of hatchless or open-top container carrier hasappeared in the beginning of the 1990s
The objective is to maximize the efficiency of loading/discharging
These ships have continuous cell guide from the bottom up to thelast tier
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 40
Bell Pioneer
The first hatchless ship was the SV15 Bell Pioneer (1990)
Built by the TeraokaShipyard Co.
6111 GT
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 42
Advantages of Hatchless Ships (1)Stowage Increase of capacity due to the non-interruption of the stack
above the hatch cover Reduction of the weight of the equipment (hatch covers)
Lashing Lashing of cargo is not necessary Reduces the time on port, at arrival and departure Reduction of costs with lashing equipment Possible savings in labour costs
Hatch Covers Reduction of the capital and operating costs (hatch covers) No loss of time opening/closing the hatch covers No problem with load limitations on the hatch covers
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 43
Advantages of Hatchless Ships (2)
Loading/Discharging Operations More effective stowage, the ship has a lower CG The ship can be loaded and unloaded simultaneously, because each
bayis accessible from bottom to top Container capacity maximized due to the combination of more
accessibility and lower CG
More load possible per container More loads per stack The time cycle of the cranes can be optimizedSafety Most fatal or serious accidents in container ships occur during the
cargo lashing/unlashing operationsMulti-port calls Less time in each port
Source: Final Report on Economic Transport Performance, REALISE (RegionalAction for Logistics Integration of Shipping across Europe) Project, 2005. (CD-ROM#37)
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 44
Disadvantages of Hatchless ShipsHazardous cargo
The open spaces above deck do not qualify for the carriage ofhazardous cargo in containers or ISO tanks
Cell Guides System Risk of damaging the guides, that raise above the deck Longer crane motions
Tonnage Values of GT about 50-70 % larger in comparison with the
conventional ships of similar capacityCost
Ships cost abt. 10-12 % more because they are wider and tallerthan the equivalent conventional onesLoad per Stack
The load per stack can be a problem because it is not dividedbetween the hold and the deck
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 45
Basic Principles for Container Securing
The IMO document "IMOCode of Safe Practice forCargo Stowage andSecuring contains somebasic recommendations forcargo securing on boardships
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 46
IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage
and Securing (1)
The Maximum Securing Load (MSL) of the securing devices is theequivalent of the Safe Working Load (SWL) for the lifting devices.It is the concept used to define the load capacity of a securingdevice.
The total of the MSL values of the securing elements in each side(PS and SB) of the cargo unit shall be equal to the weight of theunit.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 47
IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowageand Securing (2)
The relevant data required to specify the stowage and securing ofany type of cargo is :
Weight, in metric tons
Main dimensions (with drawing, if possible)
Location of the center of gravity
Footprint and local reinforcements Lifting points or slinging positions
Lifting device supplied with the cargo, if any, together with thetests certificates
Safety arrangements on board the ship
Preparations for transport, on shore
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 48
IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage
and Securing (3)
Quando se estuda a localizao da carga estivada, as forasde acelerao devem ser tidas em considerao:
As foras de acelerao mais baixas ocorrem na zona a meionavio, sob o convs, na clula na posio mais baixa e toprximo quanto possvel do plano de mediania
As foras de acelerao mais altas ocorrem nas extremidadesdo navio, nas posies mais elevadas acima do convs e na
proximidade do costado do navio.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 49
IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowageand Securing (4)
Quando o equipamento de fixao (lashing) no especificado (dimetro do cabo, etc.) pelo despachante(forwarder) a companhia de estiva (lashing company)proceder fixao da carga de acordo com as suas regras eexperincia prprias.
Nem toda a carga tem necessariamente de ser fixada(lashed). A melhor maneira de estivar uma carga consistemuitas vezes em apert-la contra outra de modo a que sesuporte mutuamente.
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 50
Container Stowage Plan (1)
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 51
Container Stowage Plan (2)
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 52
Bibliography International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972, IMO (CD-
ROM#37)
A Masters Guide to Container Securing, Lloyds Register ofShipping (CD-ROM#37)
Container Packing, Hapag-Lloyd, 2005. (CD-ROM#37)
Goedhart, G-J (2002), Criteria for (un)-loading Container Ships,TU Delft. (CD-ROM#37)
IMO MSC/Circ. 745 (1996), Guidelines for the Preparation of theCargo Securing Manual. (CD-ROM#52)
Cargo Hatch Covers
Manuel Ventura
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 54
Hatch Covers (1)Most common types:
Pontoon
Side-rolling
Folding
Single pull
Piggy-back
Telescopic
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 55
Pontoon Type
Navios porta-contentores Abertura da escotilha totalmente acessvel Dimensionadas para uma carga correspondente pilha de
contentores (mx. 6 camadas) Movimentadas pelos meios de carga/descarga dos contentores Dimenses geralmente limitadas ao peso mximo possvel de
movimentar com a grua dos contentores
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 56
Pontoon Type
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 57
Side-Rolling Type
Bulk carriers andcombined ships
Hatch openingtotally accessible
Small interval
between hatches Hydraulic driven
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 58
Folding Type Navios carga geral Accionamento hidrulico Apropriado para escotilhas de
grandes dimenses
Abertura da escotilhaparcialmente acessvel
Espao de convs desperdiadopara estiva das tampas mnimo
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 59
Folding Type
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 60
Single-Pull Type
Driven by steel wires Does not require hydraulics
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 61
Piggy-Back Type
Bulk carriers, combined carriers, container vessels, multi-purpose
Hatch opening only partially accessible Does not use deck space to stow the covers Lifting by hydraulic jacks
Allows opening up to 80%of the hatch length
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 62
Multiple Piggy-Back
More than 2 panelscan stacked
The horizontal displacement is driven by:
Embedded electrical motors Hydraulic motors acting on chains
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 63
Telescopic Type
Barcaas, bateles e embarcaes fluviais Accionamento manual
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Equipment for Container Terminals
Manuel Ventura
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 65
Gantry Cranes
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 66
Automobile Transporter
20, 40, 45 e 50 ftTypes of
Containers
0 14 km/hSpeed of travel
40 tMax. Load
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 67
Spreader
Comprimento: 6052 mm (20ft), 9118 mm (30ft), 12185 mm (40ft)Largura: 2430 mmAltura: 500 mm (estrutura apenas)Peso (*): 950 kg (20ft), 1100 kg (30ft), 1200 kg (40ft)
(*) cabos no includos
SWL: 25.000 kg-40.000 kg (20ft),32.000 kg-40.000 kg (30ft, 40ft)
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 68
Double Spreader O aumento contnuo da
capacidade de TEU dosnavio coloca novasexigncias ao equipamentode carga/descarga
Existem spreaders duplosque podem movimentar 2contentores de 40 ou 45em simultneo (ou 4 de 20)
Capacidade de elevao at2 x 51 t (ou 4 x 32.15 t)
Bromma Tandem Line(www.bromma.com)
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 69
Vertical Tandem Lifting (VTL)
It is common practice to lift 2 or more containers linked as a singleload
ISO TC104 determines that a stack with a maximum of 3containers can be linked together to constitute one VTL unit
The total weight of a VTL can not exceed 20,000 kg
The twistlocks or latchlocks used in the VTL operation must becertified for lifting with a SWL > 10,000 kg
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Container Security
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 71
Evolution of the Standards for MarineContainers
United States Container Security Initiative (CSI) C-TPAT
WCO (World Customs Organization)
Revision of the Convention on Customs Safety of Containers(CCC)
IMO ISPS Code
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 72
Container Security (1) Esto a decorrer esforos conjuntos da IMO e da WCO (World Customs
Organization) para desenvolver medidas de proteco dos contentores
As autoridades alfandegrias norte-americanas (US Customs) aprovaram em2002 a US Container Security Initiative (CSI) que tambm est ser usadaem 18 portos estrangeiros
A WCO adoptou uma resoluo em 2004 que define linhas de orientaosobre transmisso electrnica de informao e uma nova Convenointernacional sobre o assunto
A IMO publicou em 2003 especificaes para mecanismos de selagem dealta segurana para os contentores
Foi publicada uma norma ISO para os sistemas de selagem (PubliclyAvailable Specification 17712, ISO)
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 73
Container Security (2)
Medidas do CSI (Container Security Initiative) Uso de sistemas de informao automatizados para identificar e
localizar contentores de alto risco Uso intensivo de tecnologia de deteco (mquinas de Raios-X para
contentores e detectores de radiao) para inspeccionar os contentoresde alto risco
Uso de contentores com meios de selagem electrnicos que alertem as
autoridades em caso de violao em transito
Outras medidas da US Customs Exigncia de transmisso electrnica do manifesto de carga detalhado
24 horas antes da carga do contentor Aplica-se a todos os transportadores de qualquer pas que enviem carga
para os EUA Os contentores que no passem na inspeco inicial ou cujo manifesto
seja demasiado vaga ou tardia recebem ordem de No Carregar atque tudo esteja esclarecido
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 74
Bibliography Petteri mml (20xx), "CRP Azipod for Ultra Large Container
Ships - An Advanced Cost-Effective Solution", ABB Industry Oy,Marine Group Helsinki, Finland.
Annex A. Relevant Standards
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 76
ISO Standards (1)Freight Containers
ISO 1496-5:1991/Amd 2:1994
ISO 3874:1997 Series 1 freight containers -- Handling andsecuring
ISO 3874:1997/Amd 1:2000 Twistlocks, latchlocks, stackingfittings and lashing rod systems for securing of containers
ISO 3874:1997/Amd 2:2002 Vertical tandem lifting
ISO 3874:1997/Amd 3:2005 Double stack rail car operations
ISO 14829:2002 Freight containers -- Straddle carriers for
freight container handling -- Calculation of stability ISO/TR 15069:1997 Series 1 freight containers -- Handling and
securing -- Rationale for ISO 3874 Annex A
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 77
ISO Standards (2)
TC 104/SC 2
ISO/TR 15070:1996 Series 1 freight containers -- Rationale forstructural test criteria
ISO/TR 15070:1996/Amd 1:2005 Guidance on structural integrity
ISO 1496-1:1990 Series 1 Freight Containers -- Specification andTesting - Part 1: General Cargo containers for General Purposes
ISO 1496-2:1996 Series 1 freight containers -- Specification andtesting -- Part 2: Thermal containers
ISO 1496-2:1996/Cor 1:1997
ISO 1496-2:1996/Amd 1:2006
ISO 1496-3:1995 Series 1 freight containers -- Specification andtesting -- Part 3: Tank containers for liquids, gases and pressurizeddry bulk
ISO 1496-3:1995/Amd 1:2006 Testing of the external restraint(longitudinal) dynamic
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 78
Relevant ISO Standards (3)TC 104/SC 2
ISO 1496-4:1991 Series 1 freight containers -- Specification andtesting -- Part 4: Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk
ISO 1496-4:1991/Cor 1:2006
ISO 1496-4:1991/Amd 1:1994 1AAA and 1BBB containers
ISO 9669:1990 Series 1 freight containers -- Interfaceconnections for tank containers
ISO 9669:1990/Amd 1:1992 Sections 3 and 4
ISO 10368:2006 Freight thermal containers -- Remote condition
monitoring
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 79
Relevant ISO Standards (4)
TC 104/SC 4
ISO 6346:1995 Freight containers -- Coding, identification andmarking
ISO 9711-1:1990 Freight containers -- Information related tocontainers on board vessels -- Part 1: Bay plan system
ISO 9897:1997 Freight containers -- Container equipment dataexchange (CEDEX) -- General communication codes
ISO 9897:1997/Cor 1:2001
ISO 10374:1991 Freight containers -- Automatic identification
ISO 10374:1991/Amd 1:1995
ISO 18185-3:2006 Freight containers -- Electronic seals -- Part 3:Environmental characteristics
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Annex B. Types of Containers
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 81
Types of Containers (1)
Open Tops (20/40) Soft detachable roof tarpaulin or tilt Machinery requiring top loading and overheight cargo.
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 82
Types of Containers (2)Half Heights (20/40) Soft detachable roof tarpaulin or tilt, half height High-density cargoes such as ingots, heavy steelwork, drums.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 83
Types of Containers (3)
Flatracks (20/ 40) No sidewalls or roof (and ends may be collapsible) For out of gauge cargoes and restricted loading situations
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 84
Types of Containers (4)Platforms (20/40) Flatbed with corner castings. Limited numbers of high rated equipment; Over-length cargoes and special projects.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 85
Types of Containers (5)
Fantainers (20/40) Extractor fan fitted; Agricultural products requiring
ventilation to avoid condensation, e.g. onions, potatoes. Alsoused as a normal General Purpose container.
Highly Ventilated (20) Side vents along top and bottom rails; Hygroscopic cargoes
such as coffee, cocoa, tobacco and seeds.
Top Ventilated (20) Side vents along top rail; Hygroscopic cargoes such as
coffee, cocoa, tobacco and seeds.
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 86
Types of Containers (6)Open Sides (20) Side gates and side curtains; Agricultural products requiring
ventilation, livestock and side loading.
Bulk (20) Top loading ports and door discharge shoot; Dry cargoes in
bulk e.g. malt , sugar also used as a normal GP container.
Tank Containers (20)
Tank within an ISO frame of various types; Liquid cargoes inbulks including foodstuffs and hazardous.
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 87
Types of Containers (7)
Refrigerated Integral; 20/40; 8'6" and 9'6"; Electrically powered self contained refrigeration unit; Refrigerated cargoes throughout the World with connection
to terminals and ships electrical power sockets.
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Types of Containers (8)Refrigerated Insulated (20x 8 and 20x86) Top & bottom end ports and connects to ships refrigeration
system Reefer cargoes on specialised ships operating in ANZ and
SAF Trades.
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SeaCell
The SeaCell units are designed so that:
Can be handled by all types of equipment for containers Can be stowed either side by side, or with all the other
types of ISSO containers, in cell guides or not. Satisfy the ISO standards to stack up to 7 units of 40' or 9
of 20
Advantages over the ISO containers:
Larger volume Higher load More palettes, because the standard size of 1200 mm (47)
can be stowed side by side, which is not possible incontainers with 8 width
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SeaCell
+6+2.7 m3 (95ft3)45 x 8 6
+534,000 kg+2.4 m3 (85ft3)40 x 8
+330,480 kg+1.2 m3 (42 ft3)20
Euro paletes
(1200 x 800 mm)Cargo WeightVolumeSeaCell
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Wooden Pallet Types
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ISO Pallet Standards
31.5 x 47.24800 x 1200
43.30 x 43.301067 x 1067
42.00 x 42.001100 x 1100
44.88 x 44.881165 x 1165
39.37 x 47.241000 x 1200
48.00 x 40.001219 x 1016
Max. LoadDim. [in]Dim [mm]
ISO Standard 6780: Flat Pallets for IntercontinentalMaterials Handling Principal Dimensions and Tolerances
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EURO Pallet Standard
1000 x 1200EUR 3
1200 x 1000EUR 2
800 x 1200EUR, EUR 1
Max. LoadDim. [mm]Type
CEN
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EURO Pallet Standard
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ANSI Pallet Standards
40 x 401016 x 1016
48 x 421219 x 1067
40 x 481016 x 1219
48 x 481219 x 1219
42 x 421067 x 1067
48 x 401219 x 1016
Dim. [in]Dim [mm]
ANSI Standard MH1
48 x 201219 x 508
35 x 45889 x 1156
48 x 361219 x 914
36 x 36914 x 914
44 x 441118 x 1118
48 x 451219 x 1143
Dim. [in]Dim [mm]
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M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 97
Bibliography Murdoch, Eric A Masters Guide to Container Securing,
Lloyds Register
M.Ventura Container and Cargo Equipment 98
Links
www.macgregor-group.com www.sec-bremen.de