SCU Backup Presentation, 021303
Transcript of SCU Backup Presentation, 021303
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Current Trends in DataStorage Backup and
RestorationFebruary 13, 2003
Tom Coughlin
Coughlin Associates
www.tomcoughlin.com
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OutlineStorage Demand Drivers
Backup and Recovery Trends
Major Trends in Backup
Storage Hierarchy and Data Lifecycle
Tape Storage
Enhanced Backup
Disk Drive for Backup/Recovery Form Factor Changes
Electrical Interface Development
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Information Details
Roughly 8 EB of digital data produced in 2002.
90% of data on disk is never or seldom accessedafter 90 days+
90% of digital data is on removable storage*
80% of digital data is replicated data*
Disk utilization is often as low at 35-45% ^
Disk storage is the most expensive component inthe data center
+Horison Information Services
*UC Berkeley
^Gartner/Credit Suisse
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Need for Storage Administration
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Data Protection Provide Business Continuity Even If Data Is:
Accidentally Erased or Modified Maliciously or Accidentally Modified
Corrupted
Catastrophically Lost
Maintain an Accurate, Up-to-Date Copy of the Data
Do Not Allow This Copy to Get Modified, Corrupted,or Lost
Use This Copy to Get Back in Business Quickly
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Disaster recovery Depends upon effective
backup and rapid data recovery.
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Costs of Site Downtime
Brokerage $5.6M - $7.3M
Credit Card Authorization $2.2M - $3.1M
Home Shopping $87k - $140k
Airline Reservations $67k - $112k
Subway Ticket Sales $56k - $82k
Parcel Shipping $24k - $32k
ATM $12k - $17k
This is why rapid recovery is critical!Gartner Group / Dataquest
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Many Backups
are throughNetworks
SANs connect:
Storage to Servers
in the data center
IP connectsUsers to Servers on
the LAN or Internet
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D t Lif l
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Data Lifecycle(modified from StorageTek)
Capacity Disk
Migration
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Recovery Time vs. Cost
(from StorageTek)
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Tape Applications
Largest single application is in back-up
(>75%). Remainder is archiveAbout half of average system price is for
the autoloader systems and half is for the
drives themselves
Most backup using Veritas or Legato
backup software, little NT or Unix.
Biggest growth area is libraries for NAS or
SAN systems
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StorageTek Tape Library
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Major Backup Tape Formats
DLT
LTO
AIT
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Tape Benefits
Good Archival Medium
Shock Resistance
Packing Density
Transportability
Cheap Media Cost
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Tape Challenges Sequential Access
Slow data restoration
Degradation During Long
Term Storage
Re-tensioning, bleed
through, …
Lack of Scalability with
Data Growth
Capacity Throughput
Periodic Verification
Difficult Especially if Offline
DLT Tapes Needed
to Back-Up typical High-End NetApp Filer
0
10
20
30
40
1997 2003
3X
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Tape Capacity Growth Trend vs. Technology
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
T a p e C a p a c i t y ( G B )
AIT (GB)
DDS (GB)
DLTLTO
30% CAGR
60% CAGR100% CAGR
120% CAGR
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Tape Market Observations
Tape prices tend to be very stable, <5% price erosion on systems per year
Average drive price is about $5k (S-DLT)
Average tape price is about $50 (S-DLT)
Technology changes such as areal density
growth and data rate improvements much
slower than disk drives (<60% CAGR in
Areal Density growth)
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Enhanced Backup
More than 80% of the cost of backup isoperational costs, mostly manpower, to support
backup.
Since the core rate of tape technology
development is different than disk backup,
solutions with tape alone are scaling more slowlythan the primary storage.
This leads to a “backup crisis!”
By enhancing traditional tape backup with disk
based solutions we can help customers avoid a
“backup crisis” and provide enhanced
performance improvements as well.
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Enhanced Backup
Exploit the Advantages of Disks to Protect
Data
Random Access
•Fast Data Restoration
Reliable
Scalable
Online Reliability Verification
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Backup Paradigm ShiftTape
Tape
ImmediateBusiness
Continuance
Offsite Archive
Backup
???
ImmediateBusiness
Continuance
Offsite Archive
Backup
Disk
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Several Levels of Enhanced Backup
Level 1:Backup to Disk as
Tape Image
Level 2:Changed-Block Backup with Read
Access
Level 3:Continuous Backup
with Read-Write Access
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Enhanced Backup - Level 1
Backup to Disk as Tape Image
Data on Primary Storage Is Backed up to
Nearline Disk Storage Using Traditional
Backup Software
Data on Nearline Storage Is in Proprietary
Format
Nearline Storage Is Backed up to Tape for
Archiving
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Enhanced Backup - Level 1= File-level transfers
Network BackupServer
Tape LibraryDisk Based Storage
Fast Data Access
Weekly / Monthly
Full
UNIXServer
WindowsServer
Daily Incremental
Enhanced Backup Level 1
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Enhanced Backup - Level 1
Benefits Faster Restores From Random-access Disk Storage
Eliminates the Need for Daily Incremental Backups to
Tape Integrates Into Your Existing Infrastructure
Challenges
Lots of Disk is Required for Full and IncrementalBackups
• One Byte Changed Causes Entire File to be Backed up
Restore Process Still Requires Human Intervention• Backup Copy Cannot Be Directly Accessed
Backing up Remote Offices Is Not Practical Using This
Approach• Requires a Robust WAN Network
Enhanced Backup Level 2
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Enhanced Backup - Level 2
Changed-Block Backup with Read Access
Data Is Backed up to Nearline Disk Storage
Only the Initial Backup to Nearline Storage Is a Full
Backup
All Subsequent Backups Transfer Changed Data Only• Only Changed Blocks Are Stored
Backup Data on Nearline Storage Is in File
Format Can Be Browsed By Users
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Enhanced Backup (Level 2)
Network
SolarisServer
WindowsServer
BackupServer
Tape Library
WAN
Remote Data Center
BackupServer
NetAppStorage
SnapMirror
Weekly / Monthly Full
Hourly/Daily Incrementals
Disk Storage System
SnapVault
Only
Changed
Blocks
Stored
Enhanced Backup (Level 2)
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Enhanced Backup (Level 2) Benefits
Superior Data Protection
• More frequent backups can be done and kept online
• Immediate verification of backup data
Fast Backups and Restores• Shrinks/eliminates the backup window
Lower Backup Infrastructure costs
• Less storage utilized to store backup copies
• User initiated file restores
Challenges
Files Need to Be Restored Before Use
• Restore Is Delayed Until a New System or Free Disk Space Can Be
Located
Doesn’t Solve Immediate Business Continuance
• Separate Solution Required
h d k ( l )
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Enhanced Backup (Level 3)
Continuous Backup with Read-WriteAccess
Backup Data on Nearline Storage Can Be Made
Write-able in the Event of a Disaster Once the Primary Storage Is Available, the
Data on the Nearline Storage Can Be Re-
synced With the Primary Storage
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Enhanced Backup (Level 3)
Source
Volume
(Read)
Target
Volume
(Read/Write)
3. Primary Storage available
Re-Sync
Source
Volume
(Read/Write)
Target
Volume
(Read)
1. Level 2 Backup / Replication
Replication
Source
Volume
(Read/Write)
Target
Volume
(Read)
4. Level 2 Backup / Replication Reinitiated
Replication
2. Primary Storage down; Target made read/write
Source
Volume
Target
Volume
(Read/Write)X
Enhanced Backup (Level 3)
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Enhanced Backup (Level 3)
Benefits
Superior Data Protection
• More Frequent Backups Can Be Done and Kept Online• Immediate Verification of Backup Data
Lower Backup Infrastructure Costs
• Less Storage Utilized to Store Backup Copies• User Initiated File Restores
Solves Backup and Business Continuance
Issues• One Solution
Challenges New Paradigm
Add i T di i l B k P i P i
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Addressing Traditional Backup Pain Points
Level 2
xRestoring data takes a long time
Level 3Level 1Backupto TapeTraditional Backup Pain Points
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Primary Storage impact during backup
Remote backups are not dependable and costly to manage
and administer
Restores normally require administrator involvement
Backup & restore process fails thereby requiring constant
monitoring
Backups consume a lot of network bandwidth
Backups consume a lot of tape media
Takes a long time to verify backup data
Backup window shrinking is an issue
x Does not address Helps address
Fully addresses
xDoes not address
Helps address
Fully addresses
Nearline and Enterprise Drives
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Nearline and Enterprise Drives
Maxtor MaxLine Product
320 GB, 5,400 RPM, SATA
Western Digital Raptor Product
36.7 GB, 10,000 RPM, SATA
Seagate Cheetah Product
73.4 GB, 15,000 RPM, FC/SCSI
Western Digital Caviar Product
200 GB, 7,200 RPM, PATA
ATA B d S S
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ATA-Based Storage Systems
Quantum DX30
The DX30 separates backup
functions from archive functions
to optimize the data protection
process.
STK Bladestore product
uses 5-3.5 inch drives on
blade acting as one drive
to a fibre channel output
Nexsan ATABeast Nexsan's
14 TB for 7 cents a MB
N li St
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Nearline Storage
Disk Drive Trends
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Increasing storage and lower $/GB
Currently 60 and 80 GB/3.5 inch disk
• Maxtor 320 GB, 4 disk, 5400 RPM
• Maxtor, WD 200+ GB 7200 RPM
Next year 120-160 GB/3.5 inch disk
Within 2-3 years 1 TB 4-disk drive will happen!
New serial interfaces Serial ATA (SATA)
Serial SCSI (SAS)
Growing use of external drive boxes with USB or 1394 interfaces
New small form factor drives for mobile devices
1.8 inch 20+ GB drives and small drive developments
Externa Dr ves U B or
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Firewire) or with small NAS
devices on a LAN
Maxtor PS5000
with one-touch
backup
SNAP Storage
Appliances
iVDRiVDR
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iVDR Information Versatile Disk for Removable usage
iVDR Information Versatile Disk for Removable usage
Common HDD platform for PC and
Consumer AV usageregardless of products
and manufactures
Compact andRemovable
Large Capacity andHigh-Speed Access
Content/Data Protection
Open Standard
Possible Backup NAS Device
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Possible Backup NAS Device
using iVDR drives
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AREAL DENSITY PROGRESSION(Source: PRC, 2002)
0
20
4060
80
100120
140
160
A r e a l D e n s i t y ( G
b / i
Q 1 2 0 0
0
Q 2 2 0 0
0
Q 3 2 0 0
0
Q 4 2 0 0
0
Q 1 2 0 0
1
Q 2 2 0 0
1
Q 3 2 0 0
1
Q 4 2 0 0
1
Q 1 2 0 0
2
Q 2 2 0 0
2
Q 3 2 0 0
2
Q 4 2 0 0
2
TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT19
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SHIPPING PRODUCT AREAL DENSITYPROJECTIONS
Year Areal Density CAGR 95mm Avg. Capacity Per Platter
2000 120% 15
2001 100% 30
2002 90% 60
2003 80% 108
2004 70% 184
2005+ 60% 294
64
Disk Cost Trends
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Disk Cost Trends
3.5 Inch ATA Network Storage
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g
Drive Capacity and Price/GB
0
200
400600
800
10001200
1400
16001800
2000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
D r i v e C a p a c i t y (
0
0.5
11.5
2
2.53
3.5
44.5
5
$ / G
Drive
Capacity$/GB
As low cost disk drive storage decreases in price it
offers greater economy to disk to disk backup and
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offers greater economy to disk to disk backup and
the use of disk drives for backup cache.
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
$ / G
B
Tape Drive + 100 Media IDE Drive Ghetto RAID
Tape Drives
Tape Media
IDE RAID
IDE Drives
Tape Drive +
100 Media
Comparison of Straw Man DLT Tape vs. IDE Disk
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Backup System(Note that Tape has 2:1 Compressed capacity vs. disk drive native capacity)
Attribute DLT Tape
Libray
IDE Drive Drive
Access Time 60 sec <15 ms(>4000 X faster)
Data Rate 6 MB/s >46 MB/s(>7 X faster)
Removability Yes(Cartridges)
Could be (drivecarriers)
A. D. CAGR <60% >80%
SequentialAccess
RandomAccess
DATA PROTECTION MARKETOPPORTUNITY
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OPPORTUNITYBackup Arrays include
Virtual Tape, D2D Backup,Point-in-time Backup,Snapshot Backup
Backup Array revenue grows to$5.1B in 2005 offsetting theTape Library Market
Tape Library growthreaches $3.1B in 2005
Disk usage expands as asecondary data protection devicerelegating tape to an archive role
Tape libraries are the
central automated archiverepository
60%+ of mainframe data isnow protected by disk – Virtual Tape
$0.0
$1.0
$2.0
$3.0
$4.0
$5.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Backup Disk Arrays Tape Libraries
Disk Arrays Used in BackupRevenue Forecast in $Billions
Strategic Research Corp., Nov. 2002
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Capacity vs. Form Factor (S A l D it 4 Di k )
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(Same Areal Density, 4 Disks)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
C a p a c i t y ( G B )
95 mm high end
65 mm high end
48 mm high end
27 mm high end2002 95 mm
Volumetric Density Comparison
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y p
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
V o l u m e t r i c D e n s
i t y ( M B / s q . m
m
65 mm, Enterprise
95 mm, Nearline
95 mm, Enterprise
65 mm Enterprise
2 disk, mobile
form factor
95 mmNearline
4 disks
95 mm Enterprise
6 disks
Disk Drive Form Factor Changes
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Disk Drive Form Factor Changes
0.1
1
10
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
P e r c e n t a g e ( % )
<1.8 inch 2.5 inch 3.5 inch 5.25 inch
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Drive Interface Migrations
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Time
Parallel
ATA
Serial
ATA
ATA is cost-optimized for
non-mission critical applications
Parallel
SCSI
Serial Attached
SCSISerial Attached SCSI addresses the performance and
reliability needs of enterprise environments
Fibre
ChannelSerial Attached SCSI &
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel continues to pursue long-distance
and connectivity solutions associated with SANs
2001 Overall HDDMarket
Enterprise
Desktop
10%
2001 Enterprise HDDMarket
P-SCSI
Fibre Channel
Other
9%
Drive Interface Migrations
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Fibre Channel Speeds and Feeds1 Gigabit per second (100 MB) since 1996
Physical layer adopted by Gigabit Ethernet
2 Gigabit per second (200 MB) since 1999 Gigabit Ethernet won’t go there
4 Gigabit per second (400 MB) in 2003 Only a disk drive interface – not fabrics
10 Gigabit per second (1200 MB) in 2003
Physical Layer adopted from 10 Gig Ethernet
Interface Technology Comparison
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Serial ATASerial ATA
Performance
Performance
Serial AttachedSCSI
Serial Attached
SCSI
Half-duplexHalf-duplex Full-duplex withLink Aggregation
Full-duplex withLink Aggregation
1.5 Gb/sec(3.0 Gb/sec announced)
1.5 Gb/sec(3.0 Gb/sec announced) 3.0 Gb/sec3.0 Gb/sec
ConnectivityConnectivity
Internal onlyInternal only 6m external cable6m external cable
One deviceOne device >128 devices>128 devices
No peer-to-peer No peer-to-peer Peer-to-peer Peer-to-peer
AvailabilityAvailability
Single-port HDDsSingle-port HDDs Dual-port HDDsDual-port HDDs
Single-hostSingle-host Multi-initiator Multi-initiator
Driver
Model
Driver
ModelSoftware transparent
with Parallel ATA
Software transparentwith Parallel ATA
Software transparentwith Parallel SCSI
Software transparentwith Parallel SCSI
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CE Interface Speed Comparison
427 sec
(7.1 min)
1333 sec
(22 min)
1600 sec
(27 min)
Back-up
80GB drive
97 sec
(1.6 min)
300 sec
(5 min)
360 sec
(6 min)
Download 16
GB HD
Movie
11 sec33 sec40 secTime to Copy
2GB File
1500 Mbps400 Mbps480 Mbps Interface speed
Serial ATA1394USB 2.0
213 sec
(3.6 min)
48 sec
(0.8 min)
5 sec
3000 Mbps
Serial ATA
Gen 2
General SATA & SAS Timelines
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2002 2003 2004
1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H
2005
BridgeDemos
SATAFCS
SATA 1.0 SATA 2.0
• 1.5 Gb/s @1m cabling• P-ATA Features• Hot-plug enabled
• SATA 1.0, plus• 3.0 Gb/s @1m cabling• SATA Command Queuing• Additional features
Spec Proposalto ANSI T10
DemoUnits
SAS 1.0
• 3.0 Gb/s• >9m cabling• Parallel SCSI Features• 128 device addressing• Dual port
QualUnits
SASFCS
SATA Controllers Dual Mode SATA/SAS Controllers
NAS/Nearline ⇒ Desktop
Server ⇒ Subsystems
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Enabling Choices for Customers:SATA-SAS Subsystem Example
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y p
SATA drives with dualport, switched carriers for networked file storage
Dual port SAS drivesfor main stream
server applications
SATA drives integratedisk to disk backup inthe server to shortenbackup and restore times
Add-on JBOD or RAID storage with mixed
drive classes
SATA
drives
SAS
drives
When drives can share a common controller & backplane,
system designers & integrators are given more opportunities…
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Conclusions
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Data storage continues to grow. More things made digital. Greater need than ever to preserve our digital assets
through backup and archive.
Tremendous financial incentives tied to rapid recovery. Disk based backup will displace tape in many backup and
restoration applications to create Enhanced Backup
Storage. Three phases of Enhanced Backup Storage discussed, each
leading to greater automation of backup and restore
operations Changes in disk areal density and interfaces will lead to
higher performance and less costly backup storage.
Digital backup and archive remain a major component indata storage growth.