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INTRODUCTION

About 98% of animal species found in the world belonged to invertebrates. They are multicelluler animals without vertebral column. Many invertebrates such as jellyfish or worm have a fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton that function as a support mechanism. Other invertebrates such as insects and crustaceans possess hard outer shell for protection. There are different phyla of invertebrates. The most common phyla of invertebrates include the annelids, echinoderms, mollusks and arthropods.

Scientific name : Aplysina Lacunosa Common name :Sponges

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Porifera : Demospongiae : Poecilosclerida : Spongiidae : Aplysina : Lacunosa

Unique characteristics : Multicellular organisms. Asymmetry body. Simple body structure. The cells are arranged loosely without real tissue. Sessile animal Mostly monoecious

Scientific name : Obelia geniculata Common name : Obelia

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Leptothecatae : Campanulariidae : Obelia : Geniculata

Unique characteristics : Multicellular organisms. Radial symmetry. Diploblastic. Both polyp and medusa body form are present. Have acoelomate body Fresh water cnidarian Have nematocyst to inject poison into prey

Scientific name : Dugesia subtentaculata Common name : Planarian

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Platyhelminthes : Tubellaria : Tricladida : Dugesiidae : Dugesia : Subtentaculata

Unique characteristics : Not a parasitic organisms. Acoelomate. Triploblastic. Free living organisms. Body are flattened dorso-cavity Have no body cavity No organs for circulation or gas exchange

Scientific name : Toxocara canis Common name : Roundworm

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Nermatoda : Secernentea : Ascaridida : Toxocaridae : Toxocara : Canis

Unique characteristics : Non-segmented body, pseudocoelomate. Complete digestive tract. The muscles are all longitudinal. Body covered with tough cuticles. Parasite Lack circulatory system Bilateral symmetry

Scientific name : Lumbriculus genitosetosus Common name : Earthworm

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Anellida : Oligochaeta : Lumbriculida : Lumbriculidae : Lumbriculus : Genitosetosus

Unique characteristics : Body with conspicuous segmentation. Number of segments variable. Hermaphroditic. Coelom spacious and usually divided by intersegmental septa. Triploblastic Have metanephridia Body covered by a non-chitinous cuticle

Scientific name : Achatina fulica Common name : Snail

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda Cuvier : Pulmonata Cuvier : Achatinadae : Achatina : Fulica

Unique characteristics : Have a large and flat foot. Have asymmetrical body. Head is developed with radula. The calcareous shell secreted by a fold of dorsal body wall called the mantle. Soft body,usually covered by shell composed mainly by calcium carbonate Have visceral mass Have torsion,helixl shell which visceral mass is rorated up to 180 degrees.

Scientific name :Carnicus maenas Common name : Crab

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Arthropoda : Crutacea (Malacostrata) : Decapoda : Portunidae : Carcinus : Maenas

Unique characteristics : Two pairs of antennae. Most segments with appendages. Sexes are separate in crayfish. Exoskeletons are repeatedly replaced by molting during growth. Crustacea grow by molting. Segmented body divided into cephalorax and abdomen The heart is located dorsally.

Scientific name : Scolopendra cingulata Common name : Centipede

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Arthropoda : Chilopoda : Scolopendromorpha : Scolopendridae : Scolopendra : Cingulata

Unique characteristics : The body covered in a cuticle. Gas exchange occurs through spiracle. Excretion is carried out by Malphigian tubules. Long segmented body with many walking legs, one pair from each segment. Centipedes is dioecious. Mostly poisonous More motile compare to milipede

Scientific name :Latrodectus mactans Common name : Spider

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Theriidae : Latrodectus : Mactans

Unique characteristics : Dioecious animals. Have open circulatory system. Have chelicerae. Body is divided into prosoma and opistosoma with 4 pairs of leg. Have book lungs Abdomen has silk glands,may spin a web to trap prey Have numerous simple eyes rather than compound eyes.

Scientific name : Limulus polyphemus Common name : Horseshoe Crab

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Arthropoda : Merostomata : Xiphosura : Limulidae : Limulus : polyphemus

Unique characteristics : Dioecious animals. Long, unsegmented telson projects to rear. Have open circulatory system. Have simple eye and are only chelicerates with compound eyes. Horseshoes crabs are dioceus. Have two tagmate,cephalothorax and abdomen. The simple eyes are used to detect UV light and help them time lunar activity.

Scientific name :Musca domestica Common name : Fly

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Arthropada : Insecta : Diptera : Muscidae : Musca : Domestica

Unique characteristics : Have a pair of antennae. Have a clearly defined head, thorax and abdomen. Have three pairs of leg. Have a light exoskeleton. Insect are dioceious. Most have wide range of habitat. Exoskeleton is less chitin than other arthropods.

Scientific name :Spirobolus iulus Common name : Milipede

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Arthropada : Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Spirobolidae : Spirobolus : Iulus

Unique characteristics : Have a cylindrical body. The sexes are separate. Most are herbivores. Gas exchange through spiracles along the length of the body. 2 pairs of legs on each segment. Body covered with a cuticle. Milipedes dwell in soil,feeding on organic matter.

Scientific name :Asterias rubens Common name : Sea Star

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

: Animalia : Ecinodermata : Asteroidea : Forcipulatida : Asteriidae : Asterias : Rubens

Unique characteristics : Star shaped. Have tube feet (podia) often with suckers. Anus at the aboral. Ambulated groove open, with tube feet on oral side. Have regenerating ability. Tube feet act like suctin disc controlled by hydraulic and muscular action. Use tube feet for locomotion by using water vascular system.

References

1. http://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://www.c eoe.udel.edu/horseshoecrab/history/images/newHcrabs4. jpg&ir=http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/horseshoecrab/history/ biology.html&ig=http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd 9GcRT7O9e1jkvLgs5qQ4c9jLCBv65buPm_LJiY6FkwhGFLUJC8MvM96K8Gs&h=300& w=340&q=class%20merostomata&babsrc=HP_Prot

2. Biology for matricution SEMESTER2 (second edition) OXFORD, page1-37

3. Campbell,N. & Reece,J.(2002).International Edition Biology.(pp.646-674).San Francisco:Pearson

4. Bah Hock Guan & Sri Nasaria.(2011).Complete Reference 2ndEdition Matriculation Biology.(37-60).Malaysia:Oriental Academic Publication