Preview
• #uick Facts$ Steps to Unification in !erman"
• Faces of %istor"$ &tto von Bismarck
• Unification and 'mpire
Preview( continued 
• T)e 'mpire’s !rowt) and *)ange
• #uick Facts$ !erman"’s 'conomic !rowt)
German Unification
Reading Focus
• +)at steps did !erman" take toward unification,
• +)at was Bismarck’s pan for !erman" and )ow did )e )ope
to ac)ieve it,
• %ow did wars ead to t)e unification of a !erman 'mpire,
• In w)at wa"s did !erman" grow and c)ange after unification,
Main Idea
In t)e ate -.s( &tto von Bismarck transformed !erman" from
a oose confederation of separate states into a powerfu empire0
German Unification
Nationalism in Europe Section 2
!erman" was not a unified nation in -.1.( at)oug) t)e patc)work of
independent states did )ave a common anguage and cuture0
• 2apoeon nurtured nationaism 3"
uniting !erman states into
*ongress of 5ienna retained
organi6ation( renamed it !erman
movement to unite
'urope
opportunit" to revot
constitutiona monarc)" or
promote individua rig)ts( i3era
Economic, Cultural Unit
products traded 3etween !erman states
• Inspired 3usinesspeope to support unification; encouraged growt) of
rairoads connecting !erman states; <oined !ermans economica"
• !erman econom" growing; sense of !erman cuture growing as we
Un#ept $romises
%il&elm I' promised constitution( ot)er reforms
• 'nd of -.1.( went 3ack on promises; constitution never written
• Banned pu3ications( organi6ations t)at supported democrac"
 
Identif
-.1. in Prussia,
Prussia
• tto "on -ismarc#( conservative poitician( eading force 3e)ind !erman
unification
• -.1=( gave strong" conservative speec) at 2ationa :ssem3"
• -.>?( new Prussian king( %il&elm I( c)ose Bismarck as prime minister 
• 2ot i3era ike revoutionaries
• *onservative( supported king of
!erman peope to unification
• Practiced realpoliti#( poicies
Bismarck’s Philosophy 
increase Prussian miitar" power 
• Speec) to Pariament$ !erman
unit" not won 3" speec)es( ma<orit"
vote 3ut 3" @3ood and ironA
• Buit Prussian arm" into great war
mac)ine
 
 
territor" to :ustria( Prussia
•  :ustria now )ed sma 3it of
territor" inside Prussia
gave Bismarck opportunit" to
3egin war wit) 9enmark
wit) :ustria against 9enmark
%ostein s)oud 3e controed 3"
!erman *onfederation
 
/escri0e
!erman",
war wit) :ustria
Nationalism in Europe Section 2
Bismarck coud not increase Prussia’s power as ong as :ustria was
in t)e wa"0 But wit) two s)ort wars( Bismarck moved :ustria out of t)e
wa" and esta3is)ed a unified !erman 'mpire0
• Bismarck worked
3e)ind scenes
• Promised 5enetia
3amed :ustria for
• Severa ot)er nort)ern states
to ra" ot)er !erman states
around Prussia; war first step
toward !erman unification
Bismarck panned
Prussian arm" defeated
• Treat" ending (ustro1$russian
!nified $ermany 
• 9espite :ustroEPrussian +ar victor"( it woud take anot)er war to create
unified !erman"
• Sout)ern !erman states sti not incuded in 2ort) !erman *onfederation
Peace %reaty 
• Sout)ern states supported Prussia( nort) !erman states in war wit) France
• -.=-( Bismarck won Franco1$russian %ar 
Nationalism in &outh
• -.=( confict 3rewing wit) France over disputed :sace( Gorraine territor"
• Provinces )ad 3een part of %o" Roman 'mpire( w)ic) incuded Prussia
• Issue sparked nationaistic feeings in sout) !erman states
T&e Franco1$russian %ar 
 
$eace treat &ad far1reac&ing conseuences
• 5ictor" esta3is)ed unified !erman empire • Representatives of aied !erman states met at
5ersaies( near Paris  H Procaimed +i)em I first kaiseremperorof
!erman 'mpire  H +i)em appointed Bismarck first c)anceor 
• !erman victor" c)anged 3aance of power in 'urope  H 2apoeon III gone; France no onger as powerfu  H  :s !erman" grew economica"( new empire rose in
power 
Seuence
FrancoEPrussian wars ead to !erman
unification,
toget)er t)e nort) !erman states0 :fter Prussia
won t)e FrancoEPrussian +ar( t)e peace treat"
decared t)e unification of !erman"0
 
Nationalism in Europe Section 2
T)is strugge 3etween t)e government and t)e c)urc) was known as
Duturkampf( w)ic) means @t)e strugge for cuture0A
In t)e "ears after -.=-( !erman" prospered0 Under t)e eaders)ip of +i)em I
and Bismarck( !erman" deveoped into a strong empire0 T)is period was
known as t)e Second Reic)( or empire( 3ecause !ermans considered t)e %o"
Roman 'mpire to 3e t)e First Reic)0
• !erman"’s ?4 separate states
wanted to retain some power 
• !overnment took federaist form;
power s)ared 3etween state(
government
 " Ne' $overnment 
• Bismarck 3eieved Roman *at)oic
*)urc) posed t)reat to government
• Beieved government( not c)urc)(
s)oud contro aspects of cuture(
ike education
*at)oic *)urc) in !erman"
$overnment and the (hurch
Railroads
•  :fter unification( !erman" eCperienced time of economic growt)
• France )ad paid reparationsmone" for war damages
• !erman eaders used some mone" to 3uid rairoads to ink !erman states
Path to &ocial Reforms
• !erman sociaists protested against )ars) factor" conditions
• *aed for state contro of a industries
Industrial $ro'th
• &t)er funds )eped 3uid !erman 3usinesses
• 2ew empire 3egan to catc) up wit) ot)er industriai6ed countries of 'urope
• *oa mines( stee factories fouris)ed in !erman"’s ma<or cities
Economic Growt&
3egislation
• Bamed sociaists for two assassination attempts on
emperor 
• Soug)t to reduce appea of sociaism 3" enacting own
reforms
 H %eat)
 After Unification
eCpand !erman"’s 3orders
t)reat( )owever
Bismarck Out 
3ecame kaiser 
prime minister after
 :ustriaE%ungar"( Ita"( Russia
one anot)er from possi3e
attack
aiances wit) ot)er 'uropean
nations
force in 'urope
 
 
/escri0e
economica" and poitica" in t)e "ears
foowing unification,
poitica parties deveoped( economic growt) as
!erman" caug)t up wit) ot)er 'uropean industria
economies( new aiances wit) ot)er nations(
Duturkampf imited infuence of *at)oic *)urc)