Scientometric Analysis of Stem cell Research: A comparative...

1 COLLNET JOURNAL OF SCIENTOMETRICS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (Online First)

R. KarpagamResearch ScholarAnna University ChennaiChennai 25, India

[email protected]

S. GopalakrishnanUniversity LibrarianMIT CampusAnna University ChennaiChennai 44, India

[email protected]

B. Ramesh BabuProfessor, Department of Library and Information ScienceUniversity of MadrasChennai 5, India

[email protected]

M. NatarajanWriter, Editor & PublisherPuthiya ParvaiTamil Arasi PublicationsChennai 18, India

[email protected]

Scientometric Analysis of Stem cell Research: A comparative study of India and other countries

R. KarpagamS. Gopalakrishnan

B. Ramesh BabuM. Natarajan

The study explores the growth of Stem Cell research in India during 2001-2010. To compare Indian’s output of stem cell research several parameters like global publication share and rank, average citation per paper for 5 years block period, authorship pattern, collaborative Index, Collaborative Coeff icient, Degree of Collaboration, etc. were studied. India is a member of SNAP and E7 countries. India is the member of both SNAP and E7 countries, are compared with top 10 countries of the stem cell research productivity. The Web of Knowledge database has been used for collecting the data of stem cell research for the study period of 10 years. (2001-2010).

Keywords: Stem Cell, SNAP members, Collaborative Index, Collaborative Coeff icient, E7 countries.

1. Introduction

Stem cells are capable of self-regeneration and diff er-

entiation into unexpected cells while situating in any type

of animal cells (Horwitz, 2003[6]). Stem cells are unspe-

cialized cells that develop into the specialized cells that

make up the diff erent types of tissue in the human body.

Originally presented at the 7th International Conference on Webometrics,

Informetrics and Scientometrics (WIS) and 12th COLLNET Meeting,

September 20–23, 2011, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Published Online First : 15 December 2012

http://www.tarupublications.com/journals/cjsim/cjsim.htm

©

COLLNET JOURNAL OF SCIENTOMETRICS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (Online First)2


They are vital to the development, growth, maintenance, and repair of our brains, bones,

muscles, nerves, blood, skin, and other organs. (Richard Hayes, 2006[11]). Stem cells have

the potential for medical treatment in the future. Researchers have, for example, success-

fully developed specialized cells from stem cells and transplanted them into the nervous

system of rats to develop new treatments for human neurological diseases (Tomita et al., 2002[14]). Continuing research on stem cell is essential for more applications.

Stem cells have been an object of research since the 1960s. Progress in stem cell research

has been rapid from since 1990 and since the mid-1990s has provoked vivid public debate

on the technical aspects involved. The advances in health care promised by this line of re-

search, together with the ethical and social implications associated with stem-cell creation

and exploitation in research, have attracted the attention of many groups, who perhaps

not understanding the technical literature, often use the term diff erently in the relevant

domains (Leydesdorff Loet and HellstenIina, 2006[10]),

There are two main types of stem cells:

• Embryonic stem cells are found in embryos at a very early stage of development.

• Adult stem cells have the ability to diff erentiate into varieties of a particular type of

cell, determined by the type of tissue in which they are found.

Stem cells are “generic” cells that have two special properties such as self-renewal, is

the ability to divide itself into exact copies numerous times, without changing into specifi c

cell types; and potency, is the ability to divide itself into cells that will form specifi c cell

types that will build special tissues in the body

Laboratory studies of stem cells enable scientists to learn about the cells’ essential prop-

erties and what makes them diff erent from specialized cell types. Scientists are already

using stem cells in the laboratory to screen new drugs and to develop model systems to

study normal growth and identify the causes of birth defects. Stem cell research is one of

the most fascinating areas of contemporary biology, but, as with many expanding fi elds of

scientifi c inquiry, research on stem cells raises scientifi c questions as rapidly as it generates

new discoveries.

1.1. Stem cell research in India

India one of the hotbeds of stem cell research in the world, with both the government

and private fi rms working in very interesting areas to win the sweepstakes of life as it were.

In the US, in recent years, there is an increase in government funding for stem cell research.

South Korea has a stem cell programme that is now eight years old and has provided close

to $150 million dollars to develop stem cell lines that can be used in a variety of therapies.

The most heartening thing is that India has got into researching stem cells very aggres-

sively. Stem cells are the Holy Grail of medicine and no country has a clear advantage as

yet. USA could have had the lead but the few nations, delayed research into stem cells on

ethical grounds. Several companies in India and abroad are involved in stem cell research,

stem cell research is in embryonic stage in India but many research projects are under

COLLNET JOURNAL OF SCIENTOMETRICS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (Online First) 3

R. Karpagam, S. Gopalakrishnan, B. Ramesh Babu and M. Natarajan

vein in India on stem cells. The Department of Biotechnology of India has received more

than Rs. 300 crore over the last fi ve years towards basic and applied research in stem cell

technology. This programme focuses on diseases that aff ect millions of Indians rather than

exotic diseases and reminds one of its vaccine programme. The leading organisation doing

the fundamental work is the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) in Bangalore.

Model systems are simple systems that scientists study to derive principles that can be

applied to more complex systems. For instance, bacteria and yeast are model systems to

understand molecular biology.

Flanking in Stem at NCBS are a variety of institutes like AIIMS, L.V. Prasad Eye

Institute, Center for Stem Cell Research at CMC Vellore and National Centre for Cell

Sciences (NCCS) at Pune University. (http://www.biotecnika.org/animal-biotechnology/

stem-cells/Companies-involved-in-stem-cell-research) If stem cells are going to be needed

then someone will have to store them. Companies like Reliance Life Sciences and Lifecell

have created facility to store stem cells from umbilical cord (Shishir Prasad, 2010 [12]).

Centre for cellular and molecular biology (CCMB) Hyderabad India: Dr. C. M. Habibullah,

a liver specialist has done considerable work using fetal stem cells. Stem Cell Research

Forum of India (SCRFI) is a society for stem Cell Research. Principle of this society is to

bring mutually those from the fi eld of biological and medical sciences who have a common

awareness in the fi eld of stem cell research and to promote scientifi c research in stem cell

biology, to get better scientifi c sympathetic in this fi eld, and to distribute and apply this

knowledge to the advantage of mankind

Publication to exchange research fi ndings is an important aspect of science and is a

basis of methods to evaluate scientifi c productivity. To understand the process of growth

of knowledge in research specialties there are two approaches that have normally been

considered: Qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative approach is a more recent phenom-

enon, and has relied on summarisation statistics to describe observed behaviour, while

others apply growth and technology diff usion models and bibliometric / scientometric

techniques. (Gupta, et al., 1997 [5]). Scientometric studies are suitable for evaluating the

scientifi c achievements of individual subjects, people, country, etc. The major areas of

Scientometric study is determined statistics of literature relating to the country of origin,

subject and common language distribution document as well as their incidences. Many

methods have been suggested to evaluate the scientifi c productivity of countries (Braun et al., 1995 [3]; Bonitz et al., 1997 [2]). Scientometric studies also derive the subject relation-

ship which suggest desirable general pattern of service coverage. Further it also provides

structure of knowledge and pattern of communication. Analysis of the size and growth

of literature can identify the developing and declaiming areas over a time and trend of

growth literature. The accessibility of the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar has

directed to an increase in the number of science analysts in India.

1.2. Top 10 Countries

The research output, publication share and ranking of top 10 countries of world in

Stem Cell research during 2001-2010 are presented in Table-2(a). The publication share



of these 10 countries varies from 2.97 to 35.11% in global publication output during

2001-2010. United States scores the 1st position with a publication share of 35.11% and

Germany comes 2nd with a publication share of 8.73% Japan, China, England, France,

Canada, Italy, Spain and Australia are placed from 3rd to 10th positions with publications

share ranging from 2.97 to 8.70%. All the 10 countries, witnessed increase in there publi-

cation share from the year 2001 to the year 2010. India ranks 15th position among the top

countries in stem cell research during 2001-2010. India’s global publication share rose from

1.32% in 2001 to 2.41% in 2010. Global publication share of these top 10 countries is 87%

1.3. Stem Cell – Network Asia Pacifi c (SNAP)

The Stem Cell Network – Asia-Pacifi c (SNAP) is an organisation established in

September 2007 to promote the development of a research community in the region

through increased communications, collaboration and exchange. SNAP seeks to provide

a forum for the discussion of scientifi c advances in stem cell research, as well as develop-

ments in the regulatory, policy, ethics, and public domains.

SNAP is a newly established group with core objectives of fostering opportunities for

young scientists, establishing deeper collaborations across scientists in the region, and

providing an authoritative source of information to the public. The members of SNAP

are Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and South

Korea. Publication on stem cell research of these countries is represented in Table 2(b).

The network will also seek to increase visibility of its members’ stem cell labs and research

achievements through its website. Within the region, SNAP will be able to serve as an

authoritative source of information on the promise and the present-day reality of clinical

applications for stem cell research. Initial activities will focus on the holding of workshops

and training programs on stem cell research and related areas, such as clinical applica-

tions, commercialisation issues and best practices for GMP facilities for cell processing and

banking. Additional issues and activities will be addressed such as methods for the culture

and diff erentiation of human ES cells and the induction of pluripotency (http://www.

asiapacifi cstemcells.org/). Global share of these SNAP member countries is 25%.

1.4. E7 Countries

The E7 countries is a group of seven emerging countries. They are major emerging

economies in the world. China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Indonesia and Turkey are in

this group. The E7 are predicted to have larger economies than the G7 countries by 2050.

The term was coined by the PricewaterhouseCoopers in the Stern Review report, which

was published on 30 October 2006 (www.e7countries.com) The publication output are rep-

resented in Table 2(c). Global share of these e7 countries is only 14%.

1.5. Objectives

The main objective of the present study is to fi nd the growth of Stem Cells literature

published during 2001-2010 as per the Web of Science database and make the quantitative



and qualitative assessment by way of analyzing various features of research output such as

growth of publications, citations, authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, collaborative

index, collaborative coeff icient, highly cited journals, average citation per paper, etc. The

main objective is to compare the growth literature of stem cell research in India with top 10

countries, SNAP member countries and E7 countries. India is the member of both SNAP

and E7 countries.

2. Methodology

Data collected from Web of Science (ISI) database for the period 2001-2010 i.e. 10

years. Web of Science provides researchers, administrators, faculty, and students with

quick, powerful access to the world’s leading citation databases. Authoritative, multidis-

ciplinary content covers over 10,000 of the highest impact journals worldwide, including

Open Access journals and over 110,000 conference proceedings. To overcome informa-

tion overload to focus on essential data across 256 disciplines, the search string as per the

Appendix - 1 was used to extract publications related to Stem Cells. A total of 3,05,885

publications were received. The data was download and analyzed by using the Excel and

SPSS software.

3. Data analysis3.1. Annual Publication output of Stem Cell Research

As refl ected in the Web of Science database, the total 3,05,885 publications were

published in the fi eld of Stem Cell research during the period 2001-2010, with an average

output of 30589 papers per year. The cumulative output of stem cell research increased

from 120788 papers during 2001-2005 to 185097 papers during 2006-2010, showing a

growth rate 5.32% (Table 1).

India holds 13th rank among the top 10 countries, e7 countries and SNAP members in

Stem Cell publications with its global publication share of 1.83% as computed from cu-

mulative publications data for 2001-2010 (Appendix 2). India had shown rise in its global

publications share, rising from 268 publications to 1028 publications from the year 2001 to

2010.

Relationship between SNAP members, E7 countries and top 10 countries are shown

in Figure 1. Australia and Japan are both the members of SNAP and among the top 10

countries of stem cell research. India and Indonesia are both the members of SNAP and e7

countries. China is the only country which belongs among the top 10 countries of stem cell

research productivity, SNAP members and E7 countries.

The combined publication output of these 20 countries as refl ected in Appendix 3

is 301424 papers. The average output of these 20 countries is 15071 papers. Of the total

countries 6 countries have published above the average output of these countries during

2001-2010. Among these 6 countries, the largest number of papers (107394) is published

by USA, followed by Germany (26693), Japan (26608), China (22335), England (20632),



Table 1Annual Publication output of Stem Cell Research

S.No. Year No. of Records % Cum. Records Cum %

1 2001 20327 6.65 20327 6.65

2 2002 21720 7.10 42047 13.75

3 2003 23620 7.72 65667 21.47

4 2004 26466 8.65 92133 30.12

5 2005 28655 9.37 120788 39.49

6 2006 31398 10.27 152186 49.75

7 2007 34315 11.22 186501 60.97

8 2008 37279 12.19 223780 73.16

9 2009 39370 12.87 263150 86.03

10 2010 42735 13.97 305885 100

Total 305885 100

Table 2 (a)Comparing India with other Countries by publication output

Top 10 countries

Top 10 TotalS.No. countries 2001 % 2010 % Publications %

1 United States 7785 38.3 13491 31.57 107394 35.11

2 Germany 1846 9.08 3479 8.14 26693 8.73

3 Japan 1997 9.82 3141 7.35 26608 8.7

4 China 561 2.76 4848 11.34 22335 7.3

5 England 1503 7.39 2702 6.32 20632 6.75

6 France 1329 6.54 2235 5.23 16707 5.46

7 Canada 998 4.91 1952 4.57 14566 4.76

8 Spain 558 2.75 1299 3.04 9352 3.06

9 Australia 588 2.89 1347 3.15 9093 2.97

10 Italy 754 3.71 1680 3.93 13205 4.32

11 Others 2408 11.85 6561 15.35 39300 12.85

Total 20327 100 42735 100 305885 100



Table 2 (b)

SNAP member countries

. SNAP member TotalS.No countries 2001 % 2010 % Publications %

1 Japan 1997 9.82 3141 7.35 26608 8.7

2 China 561 2.76 4848 11.34 22335 7.3

3 Australia 588 2.89 1347 3.15 9093 2.97

4 South Korea 302 1.49 1531 3.58 8244 2.7

5 India 268 1.32 1028 2.41 5610 1.83

6 Taiwan 196 0.96 677 1.58 3861 1.26

7 Singapore 51 0.25 407 0.95 2021 0.66

8 Thailand 32 0.16 138 0.32 797 0.26

9 Indonesia 18 0.09 40 0.09 246 0.08

10 Others 16314 80.26 29578 69.21 227070 74.23

Total 20327 100 42735 100 305885 100

Table 2(c)

E7 countries

Total S.No. E7 countries 2001 % 2010 % Publications %

1 China 561 2.76 4848 11.34 22335 7.3

2 Brazil 290 1.43 1192 2.79 6047 1.98

3 India 268 1.32 1028 2.41 5610 1.83

4 Russia 237 1.17 386 0.9 3078 1.01

5 Turkey 112 0.55 509 1.19 2963 0.97

6 Mexico 119 0.59 364 0.85 1972 0.64

7 Indonesia 18 0.09 40 0.09 246 0.08

8 Others 18722 92.1 34368 80.42 263634 86.19

Total 20327 42735 100 305885 100

and France (16707). The 301424 papers contributed by these 20 countries have received

2892554 citations during 2001-2010, with the average citation per paper as 9.60. Of the 20

countries, 12 countries have scored above the average citations per paper during 2001-

2010. Among these 12 countries, the largest impact (23.18) is scored by USA, followed by

England (21.52).



3.2. Authorship Pattern

Collaborative Index (CI) is one of the early measures of degree of collaboration derived

by Lawani (1980[9]). Let the collection K be the research papers published in a discipline or

in a journal during a certain period of interest. In the following, we write

jf = the number of papers having j authors in collection K;

N = the total number of papers in j.K N jf= ;/ and

A = the total number of authors in collection K.

j

CIN

jfj

A

1=

=

/

As a measure of mean number of authors, although CI is easily computable, it is not

easily interpretable as a degree. Moreover, it gives a non-zero weight to single authored

papers, which involve no collaboration.

Figure 1

SNAP Members, Top 10 Countries and E7 Countries



Tabl

e 3

(a)

Tota

l cita

tions

and

ave

rage

cita

tion

per p

ublic

atio

n

Top

10 C

ount

ries

No

. o

f R

eco

rd

No

. o

f C

itati

on

s A

ver

ag

e C

itati

on

sS

.No

. C

om

para

tiv

e

T

ota

l

To

tal

co

un

trie

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

Pu

bli

cati

on

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

Cit

ati

on

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

AC

PP

1

Un

ited

Sta

tes

46147

61247

107394

1597459

891675

2489134

34.6

2

14.5

6

23.1

8

2

Ger

man

y

10760

15933

26693

304937

177529

482466

28.3

4

11.1

4

18.0

7

3

Jap

an

11787

14821

26608

279534

148922

428456

23.7

2

10.0

5

16.1

4

Ch

ina

4977

17358

22335

78967

116637

195604

15.8

7

6.7

2

8.7

6

5

En

gla

nd

8429

12203

20632

283850

160238

444088

33.6

8

13.1

3

21.5

2

6

Fra

nce

6949

9758

16707

195431

84464

279895

28.1

2

8.6

6

16.7

5

7

Can

ad

a

5873

8693

14566

167203

99525

266728

28.4

7

11.4

5

18.3

1

8

Sp

ain

3588

5764

9352

41718

59926

101644

11.6

3

10.4

10.8

7

9

Au

stra

lia

3481

5612

9093

89967

29341

119308

25.8

5

5.2

3

13.1

2

10

Italy

4416

878

9

13205

131139

98677

229816

29.7

11.2

3

17.4

11

Oth

ers

14381

24919

39300

189016

155533

344549

13.1

4

6.2

4

8.7

7

T

ota

l 120788

185097

305885

3359221

2022467

5381688

13.1

4

6.2

4

8.7

7



Tabl

e 3(

b)SN

AP

mem

ber c

ount

ries

No

. o

f R

eco

rd

No

. o

f C

itati

on

s A

ver

ag

e C

itati

on

sS

.No

. C

om

para

tiv

e

T

ota

l

To

tal

co

un

trie

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

Pu

bli

cati

on

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

Cit

ati

on

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

AC

PP

1

Jap

an

11787

14821

26608

279534

148922

428456

23.7

2

10.0

5

16.1

2

Ch

ina

4977

1735

8

22335

78967

116637

195604

15

.87

6.7

2

8.7

6

3

Au

stra

lia

3481

561

2

9093

89967

29341

119308

25

.85

5.2

3

13.1

2

4

So

uth

Ko

rea

2333

5911

8244

47313

38381

85694

20.2

8

6.4

9

10.3

9

5

Ind

ia

1733

3877

5610

18591

18920

37511

10.7

3

4.8

8

6.6

9

6

Taiw

an

1256

2605

3861

23168

18797

41965

18.4

5

7.2

2

10.8

7

7

Sin

gap

ore

555

1466

2021

15316

21279

36595

27.6

14.5

2

18.1

1

8

Th

ail

an

d

242

555

797

3347

2786

6133

13

.83

5.0

2

7.7

9

Ind

on

esia

114

132

246

1440

721

2161

12.6

3

5.4

6

8.7

8

10

Oth

ers

94310

132760

227070

2801578

1626683

4428261

29

.71

12.2

5

19.5

0

T

ota

l 120788

1850

97

305885

3359221

2022467

5381688

27.8

1

10.9

3

17.5

9



Tabl

e 3(

c)e7

cou

ntri

es

No

. o

f R

eco

rd

No

. o

f C

itati

on

s A

ver

ag

e C

itati

on

sS

.No

. C

om

para

tiv

e

T

ota

l

To

tal

co

un

trie

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

Pu

bli

cati

on

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

Cit

ati

on

s 2001-2

005

2006-2

010

AC

PP

1

Ch

ina

4977

17358

22335

78967

116637

195604

15.8

7

6.7

2

8.7

6

2

Bra

zil

1763

4284

6047

21573

17085

38658

12.2

4

3.9

9

6.3

9

3

Ind

ia

1733

3877

5610

18591

18920

37511

10.7

3

4.8

8

6.6

9

4

Ru

ssia

1289

1789

3078

12934

7973

20907

10

.03

4.4

6

6.7

9

5

Tu

rkey

917

2046

2963

9376

7424

16800

10

.22

3.6

3

5.6

7

6

Mex

ico

747

1225

1972

10085

5583

15668

13.5

4.5

6

7.9

5

7

Ind

on

esia

114

132

246

1440

721

2161

12.6

3

5.4

6

8.7

8

8

Oth

ers

109248

154386

263634

3206255

1848124

5054379

29.3

5

11.9

7

19.1

7

T

OT

AL

120788

185097

305885

3359221

2022467

5381688

27.8

1

10.9

3

17.5

9

Not

e: *T

P –

To

tal

pu

bli

cati

on

s T

C-

To

tal

Cit

ati

on

s A

CP

P –

Av

erag

e ci

tati

on

per

pu

bli

cati

on



Degree of Collaboration (DC) is a measure of proportion of multiple authored papers

derived by Subramanyam, 1983[13], given by:

DCNf

1= - 1

DC does not have the problem of increasing without bound when all the authors col-

laborate in all the works, unlike CI. Likewise, if all publications are single-authored, DC

vanishes. Thus it also does not have problem of CI for the case of all the publications being

single authored.

Collaboration Coeff icient (CC) was designed to remove the above shortcomings per-

taining to CI and DC.

j( / )

CN

j f

C 1

1j

A

1= -

=

/

It is observed from Table 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c), Collaborative research can be seen in stem

cell research >90% of the research outputs are of collaborative in nature. Only <10% of

Research contributions are of solo research. The Collaboration Coeff icient for stem cell

research during 2001-2010 has been calculated to fi ndout the extent of collaboration.

Using the above Collaboration Coeff icient formula in stem cell research from 2001- 2010,

observed that CC varies from 0.55 to 0.75. (Appendix 4).

Table 4 (a)Authorship pattern of comparative countries in Stem Cell Research (2001-2010)

Top 10 countries

Top 10 Single Two Three More than S.No. countries Author Authors Authors 3 Authors DC CI CC

1 United States 8927 17767 16170 64530 0.86 5.09 0.63

2 Germany 1419 2759 3072 19444 0.93 6.23 0.67

3 Japan 1040 2020 2956 20592 0.95 6.36 0.69

4 China 11 121 212 21991 1 5.74 0.75

5 England 1844 2870 3006 12912 0.86 5.56 0.64

6 France 1069 1362 1749 12527 0.91 6.54 0.67

7 Canada 910 2496 2368 14563 0.94 5.24 0.55

8 Italy 482 883 1085 10755 0.96 7.59 0.7

9 Spain 314 776 1109 7153 0.96 6.48 0.69

10 Australia 659 1443 1594 5397 0.88 5.11 0.64



According to Ajiferuke, 1988[1]) CC tends to zero as single authored papers dominate.

This implies that higherthe value of CC, higher the probability of multi or mega authored

papers. In this study, CC = 0.66 which is far from 0. In other words, in stem cell research the

number of multi or megaauthored papers could be considerable. All the countries have the

collaborative coeff icient value with more than 0.50, which shows that these countries en-

joy grater probability of multiple authorship pattern. The highest collaborative coeff icient

has been calculated for China (0.75) followed by South Korea (0.71), Italy and Brazil with

0.70 each and Japan, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, and Indonesia have collaborative coeff icient

value with 0.69 each. By and large in this study all the countries with little margin indicates

better research collaboration.

Table 4(c)SNAP Member Countries

SNAP Countries Single Two Three More than S.No Member Author Authors Authors 3 Authors DC CI CC

1 China 11 121 212 21991 1 5.74 0.75

2 Brazil 138 536 788 4585 0.97 5.62 0.7

3 India 246 1157 1287 2920 0.92 4.28 0.65

4 Russia 287 441 453 1897 0.85 5.44 0.63

5 Turkey 201 425 478 1859 0.89 4.95 0.65

6 Mexico 92 220 299 1361 0.93 4.93 0.67

7 Indonesia 9 25 30 182 0.95 6.23 0.69

Note: DC – Degree of collaboration; CI –Collaborative Index; CC – Collaborative Coeff icient

Table 4(b)SNAP Member Countries

SNAP Countries Single Two Three More than S.No Member Author Authors Authors 3 Authors DC CI CC

1 Japan 1040 2020 2956 20592 0.95 6.36 0.69

2 China 11 121 212 21991 1 5.74 0.75

3 Australia 659 1443 1594 5397 0.88 5.11 0.64

4 South Korea 177 564 894 6609 0.97 6.41 0.71

5 India 246 1157 1287 2920 0.92 4.28 0.65

6 Taiwan 109 378 584 2790 0.96 5.49 0.69

7 Singapore 124 225 295 1378 0.91 6.01 0.66

8 Thailand 16 91 148 543 0.97 5.11 0.69

9 Indonesia 9 25 30 182 0.95 6.23 0.69



3.3. Publication Eff iciency Index (PEI):

Publication Eff iciency Index is a citation based analysis to measure the quality of re-

search and used by Guan and Gao, 2008[4]), which indicates whether the impact of publi-

cations in a country in a research fi eld is compatible with research eff orts of the world. PEI

is calculating with the following formula.

PEITN TNP

TNC TNC

P t

t=

i

i

Where,

TNC =i total number of citations of country i.TNCt = total number of citations of all countries.

TNP =i total number of papers of country i.TNP =t total number of papers of all countries.

The value of 1PEI 2 for a country indicates that the impact of publications is more than

the research eff ort devoted to it for that particular country and vice versa. The data per-

taining to PEI for various countries has been presented in the table. The value of 1PEI 2

for USA and England (Table 5(a) indicates that the impact of publications is more than the

research eff ort devoted to it. India has 0.71 which is less than 1 represents that the impact

of publication should improve. (Table 5(b) and 5(c).

Journals with more than 2000 publications in the fi eld of Stem cell is given in

Table 6. Among the 15 journals impact factor of the journal Blood (10.558) holds fi rst po-

sition. Based on the citations received for the journals, average citation per publication

Table 5 (a)Publication Eff iciency Index of countries in Stem Cell Research

Top 10 Countries

S.No. Top 10 Countries TP TC PEI

1 United States 107394 2489134 2.45

2 Germany 26693 482466 1.91

3 Japan 26608 428456 1.7

4 China 22335 195604 0.93

5 England 20632 444088 2.28

6 France 16707 279895 1.77

7 Canada 14566 266728 1.94

8 Spain 9352 101644 1.15

9 Australia 9093 119308 1.3910 Italy 13205 229816 1.84



Table 5(b)SNAP member Countries

S.No. SNAP Member Countries TP TC PEI

1 Japan 26608 428456 1.7

2 China 22335 195604 0.93

3 Australia 9093 119308 1.39

4 South Korea 8244 85694 1.1

5 India 5610 37511 0.71

6 Taiwan 3861 41965 1.15

7 Singapore 2021 36595 1.91

8 Thailand 797 6133 0.819 Indonesia 246 2161 0.93

Table 5(c)E7 countries

S.No. e7 countries TP TC PEI

1 China 22335 195604 0.93

2 Brazil 6047 38658 0.68

3 India 5610 37511 0.71

4 Russia 3078 20907 0.72

5 Turkey 2963 16800 0.6

6 Mexico 1972 15668 0.847 Indonesia 246 2161 0.93

Note: *TP – Total publications; TC- Total Citations; PEI– Publication Eff iciency Index

shows high for the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United

States of America (54.43), followed by Stem Cells (31.67), Journal of Biological Chemistry

(31.12), Developmental Biology (21.85), Blood (15.37).

Based on publications output data for India in stem cell research, a total of 46 insti-

tutions were identifi ed as high productive ones publishing between 30 and 371 papers,

with an average output of 66 publications during 2001–2010 in stem cell research. These

46 institutions together contributed 3039 papers, more than 50% in the total cumulative

researchoutput by India in stem cell research during 2001-2010. Only 13 institutions have

contributedmore than the average output of 46 institutions. Based on average citation per

paper National CTR Cell Science received 16.41 with 66 publications shows high impact.

Based on h index Indian Institute of Technology is high i.e. 28. Based on the International



Table 6Top 10 journals of global publications in the fi eld of Stem Cell Research (2001-2010)

Country ofS. No. Source Titles TP TC ACPP h index IF Origin

1 Blood 9794 150500 15.37 151 10.558 USA

2 Bone Marrow Transplantation 7470 33043 4.42 53 3.66 UK

3 Fertility and Sterility 3312 23506 7.1 60 3097 USA

4 Developmental Biology 2972 64930 21.85 89 4.379 USA

5 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2742 149244 54.43 157 10.26 USA

6 Development 2521 106630 42.3 123 4.094 USA

7 Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2135 16062 7.52 51 3.275 Netherlands

8 Journal of Biological Chemistry 2131 60307 31.12 98 5.328 USA

9 Experimental Hematology 2069 21351 10.32 57 3.198 Netherlands

10 Stem Cells 2001 63369 31.67 107 7.871 USA

Note: *ACPP – Average citation per publication IF – Impact Factor, TP – Total Paper, TC-Total Citation

Table 7Indian Institutions contribution in the fi eld of Stem Cell

No. of

S.No. Institutions Records % TC ACPP h index ICP AICP

1 Indian Institute of Technology 371 6.61 3407 9.18 28 107 28.84

2 Indian Institute of Science 172 3.07 1280 7.44 18 58 33.72

3 Banaras Hindu University 168 3.00 1183 7.04 16 30 17.86

4 All India Institute of Medical

Science 158 2.82 799 5.06 14 44 27.85

5 University of Delhi 131 2.34 980 7.48 16 30 22.90

6 Indian Veterinary Research

Institute 105 1.87 348 3.31 10 11 10.48

7 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre 93 1.66 710 7.63 13 15 16.13



8 National Chemical Lab 89 1.59 1140 12.81 14 34 38.20

9 Indian Agricultural Research

Institute 84 1.50 734 8.74 13 10 11.90

10 Indian Association Cultivation

Science 82 1.46 897 10.94 17 19 23.17

11 CSIR 79 1.41 299 3.78 9 15 18.99

12 Christian Medical College Hospital 68 1.21 270 3.97 10 59 86.76

13 National CTR Cell Science 66 1.18 1083 16.41 17 26 39.39

14 National Botany Research Institute 64 1.14 592 8.62 9 3 4.69

15 Indian Institute of Chemical

Technology 63 1.12 690 10.95 13 10 15.87

16 Shivaji University 62 1.11 590 9.52 14 47 75.81

17 CTR Cellular Molecular Biology 57 1.02 813 14.26 14 37 64.91

18 National Diary Research Institute 57 1.02 220 3.86 9 2 3.51

19 University of Calcutta 54 0.96 264 4.89 9 11 20.37

20 Aligarh Muslim University 52 0.93 416 8 12 4 7.69

21 National Institute of Immunology 50 0.89 391 7.82 10 32 64.00

22 Jawaharlal Nehru University 46 0.82 520 11.3 14 7 15.22

23 GovindBallabh Pant University of

Agricultural Technology 44 0.78 90 2.05 4 2 4.55

24 Jadavpur University 42 0.75 342 8.14 11 12 28.57

25 Tata Memorial Hospital 42 0.75 348 8.29 8 42 100.00

26 National Physics Lab 40 0.71 449 11.23 13 14 35.00

27 Osmania University 40 0.71 234 6.07 9 4 10.00

28 University of Hyderabad 40 0.71 312 7.8 9 12 30.00

29 Tata Institute of Fundamental

Research 39 0.70 531 13.62 14 35 89.74

30 University of Rajasthan 39 0.70 183 4.69 9 4 10.26

31 Cent Institute of Medical

Aromat Plants 38 0.68 228 6 9 1 2.63

32 University of Madras 38 0.68 507 13.34 12 27 71.05

33 Cent Drug Res Inst 37 0.66 209 5.65 9 5 13.51

34 Karnataka University 36 0.64 195 5.42 9 14 38.89

35 Punjab Agriculture University 36 0.64 108 3 5 11 30.56

36 Cochin University of Science

and Technology 35 0.62 163 4.66 7 10 28.57

37 Institute of Crops Research

Institute of Semi Arid Trop 35 0.62 262 7.49 10 26 74.29

38 Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute

of Medical Science and

Technology 35 0.62 282 8.06 12 17 48.57

(Continued)



Collaboration Tata Memorial Hospital shows 100% collaboration, followed by Postgradu-

ate Institution of Medical Education Research (96.67), Christian Medical College Hospital

(86.76) (Table 7).

Among the top 10 authors of stem cell research publication two authors are from Can-

ada, one author from China and South Korea each. Top productivity of the author belongs

to China which is the part of all SNAP Members, E7 and Top 10 countries. The 6 authors

are from United State of America belongs to top 10 countries of the Stem Cell research

publication output. (Table 8).

4. Findings and Conclusions

India holds 13th rank among the top 20 comparative countries of the world in stem cell

research, with its global publications share of 1.83% as computed from cumulative world

publications output data for 2001-2010. India has shown rise in its global publications

share, rising from 24.62 to 33.56% from the year 2001 to the year 2010. Correspondingly

India published 5610 research papers in stem cell research during 2001-2010, with anaver-

age output of 56 papers per year. Its cumulative output increased from 1733 papers during

2001-2005 to 3877 papers during 2006-2010, showing a growth rate of 12.37%. The average

citation per paper recorded on a 5-year block by India in stem cell research during 2001–

2005 was 10.73, which decreased 4.88. Excellence in stem cell research is still confi ned to

select few institutions in the country despite wider institutional participation in research.

The quality of stem cell research output by India has been low as is also evident from low

39 Annamalai University 34 0.61 276 8.12 10 15 44.12

40 Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University 33 0.59 331 10.03 6 16 48.48

41 Bharathidasan University 32 0.57 143 4.47 7 17 53.13

42 Def Met Res Lab 32 0.57 151 4.72 7 5 15.63

43 Hamdard University 31 0.55 219 7.06 9 8 25.81

44 Anna University 30 0.54 221 7.37 6 12 40.00

45 Centre for Food Technology

Research Institute 30 0.54 269 8.97 10 0 0.00

46 Postgrad Institute of Medical

Education Research 30 0.54 250 8.33 7 29 96.67

47 Other Institutions 2571 45.83 13789 5.36 9 646 25.13

Total 5610 100. 37718 5.36 56 1595 28.43

Table 7 (Continued)

No. of

S.No. Institutions Records % TC ACPP h index ICP AICP



Table 8Top 10 Authors of Stem Cell Research Publication

S.No. Authors Aff iliation Country TP TC h-index

1 Wang Y Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Aff iliated Hosp 2, Dept Gen Surg, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, Peoples R China China 729 10139 48

2 Zhang Y Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA USA 694 9969 47

3 Li Y Mt Sinai Sch Med, TischCancInst, Dept Med, DivHematolOncol, New York, NY 10029 USA 589 12049 52

4 Liu Y Rice Univ, DeptChem, Houston, TX 77005 USA 541 6622 42

5 Wang J Simon Fraser Univ, Dept. MolBiol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada 523 8227 38

6 Li J McMaster Univ, Dept. Chem & Chem Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada 515 6465 39

7 Kim JH Ulsan Natl. Inst. Sci & Technol, Inter disciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea 472 5202 32

8 Zhang L Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept. Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA 458 6988 40

9 Wang L Henry Ford Hlth. Sci. Ctr, Dept. Neurol, Detroit, MI USA 453 8385 44

10 Lee SH NINCDS, Mol. Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA 440 6620 39

share of highly-cited papers in the country There is disparity in quantity and quality of

publications output by leading institutions. Indian Institute of Technology, ranked at the

top on the basis of its publications productivity. The quality of stem cell research output by

India has been still low as is evident from its low publication eff iciency index less than 1,

i.e. 0.71. The h-index of Indian stem cell literature during 2001-2010 was 56.

There is a strong need to come up with a national plan, wherein low publication

productivity institutions could integrate with bigger institutions within their own geo-

graphical regions, and thereby get the opportunities to learn from the expertise in big-

ger institutions, besides using their experiences, equipment and facilities available with

them in specifi c fi elds. For enhancing quantity and quality of research output, there is a



need to develop goal-oriented and need-based programs at the national and institutional

level. Eff orts must be made to encourage institutions to publish in relatively higher impact

factor journals. In this study on stem cell from Web of Science, some signifi cant points

can be seen the dynamic research performance throughout the period from 2001 to 2010.

The yearly publications had a distinct growth with a high rate during the last decade.

There were totally 3,05,885 publications during the study period. The fi ndings of the study

will reveal the coherent dynamic nature of the subject. An elaborate study can be carried

out to identify the degree of collaboration, growth rate and citation impact. Further it will

enable to understand the institutional, geographic and temporal dimensions of spread of

stem cells which is crucial factor in application areas and research directions. Further the

study may also be developed by comparing G7 and E7 countries based on the term coined

by the Price water house Coopers in the Stern Review report.

Appendix – 1

TS = (plant stems OR (plant AND stems) OR plant stems OR stem OR microscopy,

electron, scanning transmission OR (microscopy AND electron AND scanning AND trans-

mission) OR scanning transmission electron microscopy AND cell*) OR TS = (embryo OR

embryo/blood OR embryo/callus OR embryo/cancer OR embryo/cell OR embryo/chem-

istry OR embryo/microbiology OR embryo/organism OR embryo/pathology OR em-

bryo/patient OR embryo/pharmacology OR embryo/physiology OR embryo/radiation

OR embryo/radiography OR embryo/recipient OR embryo/recovery OR embryo/rights

OR embryo/s OR embryo/transplantation OR embryo1 OR embryo2 OR embryo3 OR em-

bryologic OR embryologic/fetal OR embryologists OR embryology/anatomy OR embry-

ology/animal OR embryology/apparatus OR embryology/chemistry OR embryology/

chick OR embryology/classifi cation OR embryology/comparison OR embryology/eco-

nomics OR embryology/education OR embryology/ethics OR embryology/experimen-

tal OR embryology/extracts OR embryology/genetics OR embryology/instrumentation

OR embryology/manpower OR embryology/metabolism OR embryology/methods OR

embryology/morphogenesis OR embryology/nucleus OR embryology/organizer OR em-

bryology/organizers OR embryology/pathogenic OR embryology/respiration OR embry-

ology/spinal OR embryology/trends) OR TS= (somatic OR somatic/adult OR somatic/

aff ective OR somatic/anxious OR somatic/autonomic OR somatic/axonal OR somatic/

biologic OR somatic/checking OR somatic/elderly OR somatic/embryonic OR somatic/

emotional OR somatic/energy OR somatic/esc OR somatic/gastrointestinal OR somatic/

general OR somatic/germ OR somatic/germinal OR somatic/neurotic OR somatic/psy-

chological OR somatic/psychosocial OR somatic/psychosomatic OR somatic/retarded

OR somatic/sexual OR somatic/skeletal )



Appendix 2Publication output of comparative countries

Comparative TotalS.No. countries 2001 % 2010 % Publications %

1 United States 7785 38.30 13491 31.57 107394 35.11

2 Germany 1846 9.08 3479 8.14 26693 8.73

3 Japan 1997 9.82 3141 7.35 26608 8.70

4 China 561 2.76 4848 11.34 22335 7.30

5 England 1503 7.39 2702 6.32 20632 6.75

6 France 1329 6.54 2235 5.23 16707 5.46

7 Canada 998 4.91 1952 4.57 14566 4.76

8 Spain 558 2.75 1299 3.04 9352 3.06

9 Australia 588 2.89 1347 3.15 9093 2.97

10 Italy 754 3.71 1680 3.93 13205 4.32

11 South Korea 302 1.49 1531 3.58 8244 2.70

12 Brazil 290 1.43 1192 2.79 6047 1.98

13 India 268 1.32 1028 2.41 5610 1.83

14 Taiwan 196 0.96 677 1.58 3861 1.26

15 Russia 237 1.17 386 0.90 3078 1.01

16 Turkey 112 0.55 509 1.19 2963 0.97

17 Singapore 51 0.25 407 0.95 2021 0.66

18 Mexico 119 0.59 364 0.85 1972 0.64

19 Thailand 32 0.16 138 0.32 797 0.26

20 Indonesia 18 0.09 40 0.09 246 0.08

21 Others 783 3.85 289 0.68 4461 1.46

Total 20327 100.00 42735 100.00 305885 100.00


Scientometric Analysis of Stem cell Research: A comparative study of India and other countriesA

ppen

dix

3C

itatio

ns a

nd A

vera

ge C

itatio

n Pe

r Pap

er o

f the

com

para

tive

coun

trie

s –

5 ye

ars

bloc

k pe

riod

C

om

para

tiv

e N

o. o

f R

eco

rd

No

. o

f C

itati

on

s A

ver

ag

e C

itati

on

sS

.No

. co

un

trie

s 2001-

2006-

To

tal

2001-

2006-

To

tal

2001-

2006-

2005

2010

Pu

bli

cati

on

s 2005

2010

Cit

ati

on

s 2005

2010

AC

PP

1

Un

ited

Sta

tes

46147

61247

107394

1597459

891675

2489134

34.6

2

14.5

6

23.1

8

2

Ger

man

y

10760

15933

26693

304937

177529

482466

28.3

4

11.1

4

18.0

7

3

Jap

an

11787

14821

26608

279534

148922

428456

23.7

2

10.0

5

16.1

0

4

Ch

ina

4977

17358

22335

78967

116637

195604

15.8

7

6.7

2

8.7

6

5

En

gla

nd

8429

12203

20632

283850

160238

444088

33.6

8

13.1

3

21.5

2

6

Fra

nce

6949

9758

16707

195431

84464

279895

28.1

2

8.6

6

16.7

5

7

Can

ad

a

5873

8693

14566

167203

99525

266728

28.4

7

11.4

5

18.3

1

8

Sp

ain

3588

5764

9352

41718

59926

101644

11.6

3

10.4

0

10.8

7

9

Au

stra

lia

3481

5612

9093

89967

29341

119308

25.8

5

5.2

3

13.1

2

10

Italy

4416

8789

13205

131139

98677

229816

29.7

0

11.2

3

17.4

0

11

So

uth

Ko

rea

2333

5911

8244

47313

38381

85694

20.2

8

6.4

9

10.3

9

12

Bra

zil

1763

4284

6047

21573

17085

38658

12.2

4

3.9

9

6.3

9

13

Ind

ia

1733

3877

5610

18591

18920

37511

10.7

3

4.8

8

6.6

9

14

Taiw

an

1256

2605

3861

23168

18797

41965

18.4

5

7.2

2

10.8

7

15

Ru

ssia

1289

1789

3078

12934

7973

20907

10.0

3

4.4

6

6.7

9

16

Tu

rkey

917

2046

2963

9376

7424

16800

10.2

2

3.6

3

5.6

7

17

Sin

gap

ore

555

1466

2021

15316

21279

36595

27.6

0

14.5

2

18.1

1

18

Mex

ico

747

1225

1972

10085

5583

15668

13.5

0

4.5

6

7.9

5

19

Th

ail

an

d

242

555

797

3347

2786

6133

13.8

3

5.0

2

7.7

0

20

Ind

on

esia

114

132

246

1440

721

2161

12.6

3

5.4

6

8.7

8

21

Oth

ers

3432

1029

4461

25873

16584

42457

7.5

4

16.1

2

9.5

2

T

ota

l 120788

185097

305885

3359221

2022467

5381688

27.8

1

10.9

3

17.5

9



App

endi

x 4

Aut

hors

hip

Patte

rn a

nd C

olla

bora

tion

of A

utho

rs o

f the

Com

para

tive

Cou

ntri

es

C

om

para

tiv

e S

ing

le

Tw

o

Th

ree

Mo

re t

han

S

.No

. co

un

trie

s A

uth

or

Au

tho

rs

Au

tho

rs

3 A

uth

ors

D

C

CI

CC

1

Un

ited

Sta

tes

8927

17767

16170

64530

0.8

6

5.0

9

0.6

3

2

Ger

man

y

1419

2759

3072

19444

0.9

3

6.2

3

0.6

7

3

Jap

an

1040

2020

2956

20592

0.9

5

6.3

6

0.6

9

4

Ch

ina

11

121

212

21991

1.0

0

5.7

4

0.7

5

5

En

gla

nd

1844

2870

3006

12912

0.8

6

5.5

6

0.6

4

6

Fra

nce

1069

1362

1749

12527

0.9

1

6.5

4

0.6

7

7

Can

ad

a

910

2496

2368

14563

0.9

4

5.2

4

0.5

5

8

Italy

482

883

1085

10755

0.9

6

7.5

9

0.7

0

9

Sp

ain

314

776

1109

7153

0.9

6

6.4

8

0.6

9

10

Au

stra

lia

659

1443

1594

5397

0.8

8

5.1

1

0.6

4

11

So

uth

Ko

rea

177

564

894

6609

0.9

7

6.4

1

0.7

1

12

Bra

zil

138

536

788

4585

0.9

7

5.6

2

0.7

0

13

Ind

ia

246

1157

1287

2920

0.9

2

4.2

8

0.6

5

14

Taiw

an

109

378

584

2790

0.9

6

5.4

9

0.6

9

15

Ru

ssia

287

441

453

1897

0.8

5

5.4

4

0.6

3

16

Tu

rkey

201

425

478

1859

0.8

9

4.9

5

0.6

5

17

Sin

gap

ore

124

225

295

1378

0.9

1

6.0

1

0.6

6

18

Mex

ico

92

220

299

1361

0.9

3

4.9

3

0.6

7

19

Th

ail

an

d

16

91

148

543

0.9

7

5.1

1

0.6

9

20

Ind

on

esia

9

25

30

182

0.9

5

6.2

3

0.6

9

21

Oth

ers

154

385

584

3338

0.9

5

4.1

6

0.6

9

T

ota

l 18228

36944

39161

217326

0.9

2

5.6

5

0.6

6



References

[1] Ajiferuke, I., Burell, O., and Tague, J. Collaborative coeff icient: A single measure of the

collaboration in research. Scientometrics, Vol. 14, 1988, pp. 421–433.

[2] Bonitz,M. Bruckner, E., Scharniorst, A Characteristics and impact of the Mathew eff ect for

countries, Scientometrics, Vol. 40, pp. 407–422.

[3] Braun, T., et al., The scientometric weight of 50 nations in 27 science areas 1989-1993. Part

I All fi elds combines, mathematics, engineering chemistry and physiscs, Scientometrics,

Vol. 33, 1995, pp. 263–293.

[4] Guan J and Gao X. Comparison and evaluation of Chinese research performance in the

fi eld of bioinformatics, Scientometrics, Vol. 75(2), 2008, pp. 357–379.

[5] Gupta.B.M., Praveen Sharma, Karisiddappa.C. R., “Growth of Research Literature in Sci-

entifi c specialities A modeling perspective, Scientometrics, Vol. 40(3), 1997, pp. 507–528.

[6] Horwitz.E. M. Stem cell plasticity: a new image of the bone narrow stem cell. Current

Opinion in Pediatrics, 15, 2003, pp. 32–37.

[7] http://www.asiapacifi cstemcells.org/

[8] http://www.biotecnika.org/animal-biotechnology/stem-cells/Companies-involved-

in-stem-cell-research

[9] Lawani, S. M. Quality collaboration and citations in cancer research: A 268 bibliometric

study, Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida State University, 395, 1980.

[10] Leydesdorff Loet, HellstenIina, Measuring the meaning of words in contexts: An automat-

ed analysis of controversies about ‘Monarch butterfl ies’, Frankenfoods’, and ‘stem cells’,

Scientometrics, Vol. 67(2), 2006, pp. 231–258.

[11] Richard Hayer, 2006, Stem cells and public policy, A century foundation guide to the

issues, The Century Foundation Press, New York City, www.tcf.org

[12] Shishir Prasad (2010), “Stem Cell Research: Advantage India, India has a distinct op-

portunity to zoom ahead of others in stem cell research”, Business in.com, Feb 6, 2010,

(http://business.in.com/article/briefing/stem-cell-research-advantage-india/9892/

1#ixzz144FGFFUZ).

[13] Subramanyam, K., Bibliometric studies of research collaboration: A review. Journal of Infor-mation Science, Vol. 6, 1983, pp. 33–38.

[14] Tomita.M. Adachi,Y., et al. Bone marrow-derived stem cells can diff erentiate into retinal

cells in injured rat retina. Stem Cells, Vol. 20, 2002, pp. 279–283.

[15] www.e7countries.com

Scientometric Analysis of Stem cell Research: A comparative...

Documents

Transcript of Scientometric Analysis of Stem cell Research: A comparative...