Scientific Summary (Abstract)

7/30/2019 Scientific Summary (Abstract)

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Abstrak merupakan kependekkan yanglengkap dan menjelaskan seluruh isi

tulisan dan umumnya disajikan dalam

satu paragraf dengan menggunakan

tidak lebih dari 200 kata

Dengan tidak mengulang kata-kata

dalam judul, tulislah masalah pokok dan

alasan dilakukannya penelitian sertasasaran yang akan dicapai.


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Nyatakan pula pendekatan dan metode serta

bahan yang dipakai, serta ungkapkan hasil dansimpulan penting yang diperoleh.

Bila sukar memendekkan abstrak simpanlahbeberapa hari sebelum anda menyuntingnyasampai mencapai panjang karangan yangmemadai.

Abstrak harus singkat dan jelas, tidak

mengandung informasi atau simpulan yang tidakada dalam makalah, singkatan yang tidakdijelaskan, kutipan serta merek dagang.

Abstrak harus disusun secara lengkap tetapi

ringkas, cermat, objektif dan cendekia)


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Bagi karangan bahasa Indonesia biasanyadikehendaki abstrak dalam bahasa Inggris.Dalam majalah Indonesia kadang-kadangdiminta juga abstrak dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Absrak dalam bahasa Inggris ini berguna agarhasil penelitian dapat diakses oleh pembacadimana-mana.

Kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam menulis karanganberbahasa inggris ialah perkara TENSE.


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The abstract is actually the first sectionof a report, coming after the title andbefore the introduction

The abstract provides the reader witha brief preview of your study based oninformation from the other sections ofthe report.

Abstract gives readers enoughinformation about the study to decideif they will read the entire report or not


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Abstract. 1) With alistening typewriter, what an

author says would be sutomatically recognizedand displayed in front of him or her.

2)However, speech recognition is not yet

advanced enough to provide pople with a reliable

listening typewriter. 3) An aim of our experiments

was to determine if an imperfect listening

typewriter would be useful for composing letters.4)Participants dictated letters, either in isolated

words or in consecutive word speech. 5)They did

tis with stimulations of listening typewriters that

recognized either a limited vocabulary or an

unlimited vocabulary. 6)Results indicated that

some versions, even upon first using them, were

at least as good as traditional methods of

handwriting and dictating. 7)Isolated word speech

with large vocabularies may provide the basis for a

useful listening typewriter.

background

purpose

method

result

conclusion


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ORDER OF TYPICAL ELEMENTS INCLUDED IN ANABSTRACT

B = some background information P = the principal activity (orpurpose) of the

study and its scope M = some information about the methodology

used in the study R = the most important results of the study C = a statement of conclusion or

recommendation

Note : In some publications this section is titled summary. Check with your editor or professor to

determine the appropriate tittle for you to use.


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ORDER OF INFORMATION ELEMENTS IN REDUCEDABSTRACTS

P+M = Purpose and Method of study

R = Results

C = Conclusions and recommendations *

* optional


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The language features of theabstract correspond to those we

have already seen in the four

major portions of experimentalresearch report.

Here we briefly review the

conventions that govern the useof verb tenses, tentative verbs,

and modal auxiliaries.


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ABSTRACT : Verb Tenses

B Background information(present tense)

EXAMPLE :One of the basic principles of communicationis that the message should be understood bythe intended audience.


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P Principal activity (past tense/presentperfect tense)

EXAMPLE :In this study the readability of tax booklets from ninestates was evaluated.

EXAMPLE :

Net energy analyses have been carried out foreight trajectories wich convert energy source intoheated domestic water.


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M Methodology (past tense)

EXAMPLE : Children performed a 5-trial task

R Results (past tense)

EXAMPLE :Older workers srpassed younger ones inboth speed and skill jobs.


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C Conclusions (present tense/tentativeverbs/modal auxilaries

EXAMPLE :

The results suggest that the presence ofunique sets of industry factors can be

used to axplain variation in economicgrowth.


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Apakah abstrak benar-benar mengandung

hakikat skripsi, tesis atau disertasi?

Apakah semua metode yang dipakaisudah ditulis?

Apakah hasil penting dinyatakan secara

jelas dan ringkas

Adakah informasi yang kurang berguna?


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This research is concerned with a study of hydrolysis of Cassava

Starch ((Manihot esculenta) and Sweet Potato Starch (Ipomoeabatatas) with Cold Process using enzyme Acid-Fungal Amilaseand Glucoamylase, particularly on the effect of agitation and pH.Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction which one or more watermolecules split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go

on to participate in further reactions. The reaction is used to breakdown certain polymer, especially those made by step-growth-polymerization . After obtaining the starch from raw cassava andsweet potatos, the starch was hydrolyzed with varied pH of 4.0,4.5, and 5.0, and agitating speed of 150, 175 and 200 rpm at fixedtemperature and starch concentration 40 oC and 30 % m/v,

respectively. The results show that the range of concentration ofglucose for cassava and sweet potato are ranging between 12.95to 60.01 g/l, and 5.34 to 63.73 g/l, respectively. The highestconcentration of glucose obtained from hydrolysis of bothcassava and sweet potato starch is obtained at pH of 5.0 and

agitating speed of 150 rpm.


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LETS GO TO .......... BE SUCCESS ........

Scientific Summary (Abstract)

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