SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS: FREE FOR ALL? A Seminar on the House of Commons Science and Technology...
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Transcript of SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS: FREE FOR ALL? A Seminar on the House of Commons Science and Technology...
![Page 1: SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS: FREE FOR ALL? A Seminar on the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee Inquiry The Commercial Publisher’s Viewpoint.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b961b7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS: FREE FOR ALL?A Seminar on the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee Inquiry
The Commercial Publisher’s ViewpointRobert CampbellBlackwell Publishing23 November 2004
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Why an Inquiry?
• Journals crisis – high prices limiting access
• Conviction that Open Access offers a solution
• Without the OA model would there have been an inquiry?
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Is there a Journals Crisis?
“Librarians are suffering because of the
increasing volume of publications and rapidly
rising prices. Of special concern is the much
larger number of periodicals that are available
and that members of the faculty consider essential
to the successful conduct of their work”
From a report of the Association of American Universities (1927)
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Is there a Journals Crisis?
“Libraries, for their part, are experiencing severe strains on their general budgets from inflation and are beginning to rebel at soaring journal costs……”
From John Walsh (1974) Journals: photocopying is not the only problem. Science, pp. 1274-5
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Access
• SCONUL DataMean number of titles per library1993/94 3,9762001/02 6,489
• Downloads of articles from Blackwell2002 19 M2003 36.7 M2004 (est) 65 M
• Tenopir & King dataAverage number of articles read1977 1502002 216
• INASP, HINARI, AGORA
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CIBER Survey
CIBER survey (Centre for Information Behaviour and Evaluation of Research, City University)
4,000 researchers from 97 countries– Aiming to reach their research colleagues, few aiming at
general public (narrow casting)– Brand of quality and integrity from good peer review– 82% know little or nothing about alternative models and open
access– Lack of understanding of what publishers do– 76% felt they have better access to journals than 5 years ago– Generally positive towards Open Access although
reservations over quality and preservation– But great resistance to author payment (can’t pay, won’t pay
is the message)– Felt fewer papers would be rejected and papers might
become less concise as market power shifts form reader to author
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Is the Market Competitive?
Is the Market Competitive?
• OFT seem to think so
• There are 1000’s of journal publishers
• The Big Deal is delivering better value
• Two thirds of library expenditure is on overheads
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No acknowledgement of what publishers have achieved
• Invested heavily in new technology
• Greatly improved access
Despite:
• Annual increase in funding of research c. 10% (RCUK £1.3 Bn 1997 → £2.4 Bn 2004)
• No commensurate increase in library funding
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Is Author-pays Open Access sustainable?
• New Journal of Physics
• New launches of author-pays:
2004 11 out of 89 (12.4%)
2003 30 out of 198 (15.2%)
2004 47 out of 255 (18.4%)
• Cornell Library Study
• Funding varies greatly by subject, eg in surgery about 25% of research reported is funded
• Around 11,000 funding bodies
• What happens if grantee publishes a second paper?
• Most papers are multi-author
• Barrier to authorship
• Standards could drop
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Is self-archiving in Institutional Repositories sustainable?
• What is the cost of setting up IRs in every HEI?
• What should IRs do?
• How will authors be encouraged to submit?
• How will IRs handle legal liability?
• Will IRs confuse article authenticity?
• How long should the embargo be?
• Complete Open Access will lose revenues from industry
• Parasitism or symbiosis
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The STM position on the NIH Proposal
• Does not adequately define the problem to be solved• This leads to proposals which could have unintended
consequences• The six months embargo ignores the long life of
research articles• Certain medical journals could require more
government funding• STM publishers continue to develop innovative
business models• STM publishers have improved access in developing
countries• Members are already experimenting with Open
Access models• There is nothing new in the NIH proposal other than
unfunded mandates that arbitrarily favour some models over others